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The [[M20 motorway]] was held up by a crash involving three cars, which was later cleared by emergency and breakdown services.
The [[M20 motorway]] was held up by a crash involving three cars, which was later cleared by emergency and breakdown services.


The temperature in the south-east never reached higher than {{convert|0|C}}, with most of the day in sub-zero temperatures (no shit!)
The temperature in the south-east never reached higher than {{convert|0|C}}, with most of the day in sub-zero temperatures.


==Effects==
==Effects==

Revision as of 16:29, 7 January 2010

European winter storms of 2009–10
Snow in Wrocław, Poland on December 20
TypeWinter storm
Formed17 December
Lowest temperature−42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) in Norway[1]
Maximum snowfall
or ice accretion		50 centimetres (20 in) in Aviemore, Scotland[2]
FatalitiesAt least 90[3]
Areas affectedMost of Europe

The European winter storms of 2009–10 is an ongoing meteorological event in Europe that started on 17 December 2009, although light snowfalls and weather warnings took place the previous day. It was caused by a persistent weather pattern that brought cold moist air from the north, and saw many parts of Europe experiencing heavy snowfall and record low temperatures. This led to widespread transport disruption, power failures, the postponement of a number of sporting events and many deaths.

Timeline

December 2009

16 December

Light snowfalls around the UK. Weather warnings were announced on most local TV stations. Some traffic jams towards the south. Snow later spreads towards France and northern Spain.

17 December

Snow in Peterborough, England

In mainland Europe, early snowfall was seen across much of the western half of the continent. The Swiss canton of Grisons saw record low overnight temperatures of −32 °C (−26 °F).

In Kent, motorists on the A21 were stuck for several hours during the evening and overnight.

18 December

On 18 December, heavy overnight snowfall caused widespread disruption across large parts of South East England, East Anglia, the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber.

In the Netherlands, snowfall on 17 December led to a shutdown of Utrecht Centraal, by far the largest rail hub in the country, while on highways snowfall led to the busiest morning rush hour of 2009, with a total of 671 kilometres (417 mi) of traffic jams.[4]

19 December

A homeless Polish man was reported to have died of exposure near the French city of Marseille, while another homeless man froze to death in Mannheim, Germany.[5]

Snow in a small Dutch village

Overnight on 18–19 December, five Eurostar trains were stuck in the Channel Tunnel, trapping more than 2,000 people for up to 16 hours after the vehicles suffered electrical failures because of freezing overnight temperatures. Passengers were without heating, lighting and air-conditioning for several hours, while food and water ran out.[6] Some passengers were evacuated via service tunnels to car trains, while others were kept on their trains until the trains could be towed out.[7] Eurostar laid on special services on the evening of 19 December to transport "vulnerable passengers" between London and Paris and Brussels. However, a service from Paris became the sixth train to break down after becoming stuck near Ebbsfleet, Kent.[8] The cause of the breakdowns was unclear, but Eurostar initially blamed the sudden contrast between freezing temperatures above ground and the 25 °C (77 °F) heat of the tunnel which had affected the high speed engines.[9]

20 December

Western Europe

In the Netherlands, the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI) issued an official weather alarm for the entire country, following heavy snowfall (15–20 centimetres (5.9–7.9 in)*) in the west of the country which eventually expanded to the entire country. In most cities, bus traffic was halted to a stop, and tram services were halted in all four major cities.

Central Europe

Police in Poland reported that 15 people had frozen to death in the country as overnight temperatures fell as low as −20 °C (−4 °F), and that 47 people had died as a result of the cold in Poland during December. Appeals were made to Poles to report any homeless or drunk people lying outdoors in an attempt to reduce the number of deaths from exposure to the cold.[10]

Balkans

In Kosovo one person died and ten people were injured in traffic accidents because of poor weather conditions. Kosovo Police spokesperson Arber Beka said that one person died in an accident which occurred near Gjakova, and that there were injuries reported in 16 traffic accidents, and a total of 74 accidents that caused material damage. The local police are calling on residents to be careful on the roads because of the heavy snowfall and very difficult driving conditions.[11]

21 December

Western Europe

In the United Kingdom, the M25 and large parts of the M3, M4, M40, M1 and M11 were brought to a standstill until late into the night, and many towns were completely gridlocked. About 100 people were able to travel from London Victoria Station to Ashford International railway station courtesy of a steam train hauled by Tornado.[12]

Balkans

In Zagreb, Croatia, around 50 passengers were injured when a train failed to stop and hit a buffer at the city's main railway station. The accident involved a train travelling from the central town of Sisak to Zagreb. One person was reported to have suffered life-threatening injuries, while some 40 others required medical attention.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, three people were found dead from hypothermia in Sarajevo and Teslić.[13]

22 December

Snowy scene in Germany.

Fresh overnight snowfall brought renewed problems to parts of England and Scotland. Particularly worst hit was north Hampshire and the Thames Valley in England where in Basingstoke some 3,000 motorists were forced to either abandon their vehicles or sleep in them overnight after becoming stuck in gridlocked traffic. 2,000 cars were abandoned.[14]

The AA accused some local authorities of not acting quickly enough to grit roads and claimed some "key roads" had "not been gritted at all", but the Local Government Association dismissed the claims as "unverified, unsubstantiated and unjustified".[15]

A homeless charity in France reported that 12 people had died during December as a result of the severe cold,[16] while it was reported that a man found unconscious in his back garden on the Isle of Lewis after a night out over the weekend had died.[17]

23 December

In the UK, overnight temperatures once again dropped well below freezing, with Dalwhinnie in the central Highlands recording a low of −16 °C (3 °F) and in Edinburgh to −10 °C (14 °F), causing Scottish Transport Minister Stewart Stevenson to state that conditions on Scottish roads were the worst for 20 years.[15] A Ryanair flight landing at Prestwick Airport overshot the runway, though no injuries were reported and the airport was soon reopened.[18] It was reported that two women had been killed and more than 40 people injured following a coach crash on an ungritted country road in Cornwall as a party returned from a trip to see Christmas lights in Mousehole the previous evening,[19].[20] Weather forecasters warned of icy conditions and further snowfall into Christmas Eve, affecting particularly northern England and the East Midlands, which would disrupt those who were planning to travel for the Christmas getaway.[15].

In western Serbia, the rapidly melting snow has caused the Jadar River in Loznica to flood and resulted in farmland being under water. Danijela Despotović, a Hydro-Meteorological Service of Serbia in Loznica, said that the temperature was 19 °C (66 °F) in the town.[21]

24 December

Snow at Leeds Bradford International Airport on 27 December.

The weather improved across much of the UK.

25 December

On Christmas Day parts of Britain had a white Christmas for the first time since 2004 after snow fell in northern and central Scotland and parts of England, including Nottinghamshire. It was reported that a man in Leeds, West Yorkshire was believed to have lain undiscovered for 24 hours after freezing to death in his car.[22] A total of 19 people were reported to have died during the cold snap in the UK.[22]

26 December

On Boxing Day drivers in Northern Ireland were warned of icy conditions,[23] but conditions in many other parts of the UK continued to improve as milder air moved in from the south. However, northern England and Scotland remained cold, and night time temperatures continued to drop below freezing. Some Boxing Day sporting fixtures were cancelled or postponed because of continuing icy conditions in places, including the National Hunt meeting at Towcester and all but two of the Scottish Football League's fixtures.[20]

27 December

Scotland experienced fresh snowfall overnight on 26–27 December with the worst affected area being Perthshire, where between 12 inches (300 mm) and 18 inches (460 mm) fell.[24]

28 December

Temperatures fell to −16 °C (3 °F) in Tyndrum overnight on 27–28 December, and to −14 °C (7 °F) at Tulloch Bridge in the Highlands. The Met Office issued fresh severe weather warnings and motorists were advised to drive with caution. The A75 between Stranraer and Newton Stewart was closed because of "treacherous icy conditions", while the southbound carriageway of the A9 was blocked between the A8624 and B8081 in Perth and Kinross following an accident at Gleneagles House.[25]

29 December

Temperatures dropped to −18 °C (0 °F) in parts of the Highlands overnight on 28–29 December, with Braemar recording Britain's lowest temperature of the winter. Fresh travel warnings were issued on 29 December as the wintry conditions continued to cause problems on Scotland's roads.

The runway of Inverness Airport was briefly closed because of snow and ice, and ScotRail reduced services to and from Glasgow Central because of the severe conditions.

However, the snow and icy conditions were good for the Scottish ski industry, which said the weather had helped it to experience its best start to the season for several years.[26] There was controversy after local authorities recalled gritting trucks in Aberdeen on the argument that ice being thawed by road salt was refreezing, making conditions worse, but the decision was reversed following local protests.[27]

Warnings of heavy snow were issued for Wales, the Midlands, north-west England, eastern and southern England, and Yorkshire and Humber.[28] More snow began falling across parts of Wales and central and northern Engaland on the evening of 29 December, with Wales recording the heaviest of the snow showers where some rural areas were cut off by of up to 30 centimetres (12 in). Snow was also reported in parts of the West Midlands region and Yorkshire. In contrast, London was hit by heavy rain and recorded a fairly mild 9 °C (48 °F) on 29 December.[29]

30 December

Fresh snowfall in the north east of Scotland caused disruption for motorists on the morning of 30 December. Part of the A701 north of Moffat was clsoed for several hours because of snow drifts, trapping several vehicles; a one-vehicle crash was reported on the A713 at Dalry near New Galloway. Nobody was injured.[30]

Sportscotland Avalanche Information Service (SAIS) issued warnings about conditions on Scottish mountains.[31] However, three people died in three large avalanches.[32] Two climbers were killed as a result of a snow slide on Ben Nevis, while a man who had been airlifted from Liatach Ridge, Torridon after getting into trouble died in hospital. Two other climbers were rescued from an avalanche on Beinn an Dothaidh in Argyll.[31] In Wales, some ferry services between Wales and Ireland were cancelled due to high winds.[28]

Three men died in a motorway accident on the M62 near Huddersfield, West Yorkshire.[27] A boy died after the car he was travelling in hit another vehicle in Rugby, Warwickshire.[29]

In Wales, a man suffered serious injuries while trying to slide 150ft down an ice sheet with a friend on Tryfan Mountain in Snowdonia.[29]

31 December

Continued icy weather in Scotland on New Year's Eve led to the cancellation of Hogmanay celebrations in Inverness amid concerns over public safety.[33] New Year celebrations in other parts of Scotland went ahead as planned.[33] North-east Scotland experienced fresh snowfall during the afternoon and evening of 31 December. For a second time that week Inverness Airport was closed forcing several hundred passengers to make alternative arrangements. While many booked overnight accommodation in the city, sixteen passengers decided to stay in the airport's terminal to welcome in the New Year with champagne and pizza.[33]

January 2010

1 January

Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected. Snow also fell in parts of East Cumbria. In places it was as deep as 10 centimetres (3.9 in) and motorists were warned not to travel unless their journey was absolutely necessary.[34] Snow and icy conditions continued to make conditions treacherous in Wales, where a woman was rescued by a North Wales Police helicopter crew after she slipped and hurt her back walking in snow and ice in Denbighshire on New Year's Day.[35]

2 January

Heavy snow in the north west of England caused problems on 2 January, particularly in the Greater Manchester area where six vehicles were involved in motorway accidents on the M6 near Orrell shortly after 10:30am.[36] A motorist was killed in a crash on the M55 near Blackpool.[37] Driving conditions on the M60, M602 and M66 were reported to be poor, while Snake Pass, which links Manchester with Sheffield was closed.[36]

A few 3rd round FA Cup matches were delayed or postponed due to snow and poor weather, and some horse races were affected.[37]

In Scotland, a number of roads across the country were closed for a time as the cold snap continued. Three junctions of the M9 were closed during the afternoon,[38] while the motorway was shut in both directions at the Newbridge Roundabout in Edinburgh during the evening because of heavy snow, and did not open again until the following day. Problems were also reported on the A96 and the A939.[38] Rail services between Inverness and Central Scotland were also affected by poor weather.[38]

3 January

Parts of northern England saw 6 centimetres (2.4 in) of snow, and Edinburgh had 9 centimetres (3.5 in).[39] Europe’s largest private sector weather business, MeteoGroup, announced that the previous month had been the coldest December on average since 1996.[37] Temperatures remained very cold on 3 January, with some snow showers in Kent and North East England, although these were lighter than on previous days.[40]

Following days of disruption because of the weather, Inverness Airport finally could operate normally.[41] It was announced that because of the cold snap it would be illegal to shoot reared mallard, geese, woodcock, snipe and golden plover in Scotland for two weeks from 5 January.[39]

4 January

Overnight temperatures fell once again on 3–4 January. −14 °C (7 °F) was recorded in Eskdalemuir, south-west Scotland, while Sennybridge in central Wales fell as low as −12.6 °C (9.3 °F). The freezing conditions continued on 4 January, causing major disruption to people returning to work or school on the first Monday following the Christmas holiday.[42] Icy conditions led to a number of accidents on major roads.

There were rail delays. Trains to and from London's Liverpool Street station were delayed for up to an hour by over-running engineering work, and poor weather disrupted services between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Network Rail said that about 75% of trains were running on time.[42]

Many schools in northern England remained closed, giving their students an extra day's holiday. Schools in Scotland were closed on 4 January for a public holiday, but there were plans to keep them closed the following day.[42]

In Northern Ireland, "very dangerous" conditions on the Antrim coast led to the closure of the Giant's Causeway.

In Scotland, Fife Council became the first local authority to confirm that its supplies of grit had been exhausted after it received less than it had ordered from suppliers, although 250 tonnes of salt and grit were delivered on the afternoon of 4 January. Other authorities, including Renfrewshire, and Cumbria in England were giving priority to major roads to conserve supplies.[42] Ministers denied there was a shortage of grit and salt and insisted there were "very substantial" supplies for Scotland's roads.[43]

Around 60 revellers who had booked in to celebrate the New Year at England's highest pub, the Tan Hill Inn, in North Yorkshire (which stands 1,700 feet (520 m) above sea level) had been stranded for three days after being cut off by 7 feet (2.1 m) snowdrifts on New Year's Eve. One guest described the experience as "the ultimate lock in".[44]

In Manchester, previous snow which had partly thawed to slush, now froze hard into dangerous ice; emergency and casualty departments of hospitals in the area were packed out with people who had been injured (bone fractures, etc) falling on slippery ice.

In its monthly summary, Met Eireann, Ireland's weather service, said December was the coldest month for 28 years for most of the country and the coldest of any month since February 1986 at a few stations.[45]

Wintry conditions returned to Europe as much of the northern hemisphere was gripped by intensely cold weather. In Europe Western Russia saw sub-zero temperatures as snow and icy conditions swept in across the Baltic Sea. 13 people lost their lives in Poland, bringing the total number of cold related deaths in that country to 122. In Switzerland ten skiers were reported to have died or were missing in avalanches. The worst incident occurred in the Diemtig Valley where avalanches hit a group of skiers and then the rescuers who went to their aid, killing four people, including a doctor. Eight people were rescued, although three remained missing. In Italy, cold weather and ice forced motorway closures in the northeast of the country, and military helicopters were sent to Sicily with medical aid. In France, Paris had a sunny but bitterly cold day.[46]

5 January

Street under snow in south Manchester, England

The Met Office had issued weather warnings for every region in the UK except the Northern Isles. An extreme weather warning was issued for southern areas for overnight snowfall which could bring accumulations from 25 to 40 centimetres (9.8 to 15.7 in).[47] BBC Weather and the Met Office also warned that temperatures in the Highlands of Scotland could drop to −20 °C (−4 °F) later in the week. The Met Office also confirmed that the UK is experiencing the longest prolonged cold spell since 1981.[48] The Met Office later issued weather warnings for every region in the UK for widespread ice, snow, drifting snow, and very heavy snow.[47]

Overnight and on 5 January Manchester had heavy snow: Wythenshawe, in south Manchester had about 5 inches (13 cm) of snow while up to 9 inches (22cm) was recorded in Prestwich, north Manchester. Manchester Airport, Liverpool Airport and Leeds Airport were closed.[49] Snow also fell on the night of the 4-5th in Scotland, leading to schools being closed on the first day back after the Christmas holiday. Schools also remained closed in many parts of England.[50] Teachers at one school which did open, Aylesford School in Kent, were criticised after trying to confiscate winter overcoats from students because they were not part of the school uniform.[51]

There were severe delays on the M58 and M6 in Lancashire, the M1 in West Yorkshire, the M20 in Kent and the A66 in Cumbria.[50] In County Clare, Ireland, there was a five car crash on the N18 due to icy conditions.[52] Bus services in Manchester, Merseyside and Sheffield were suspended. All trains were suspended between Leeds and London on the east coast main line.[50]

Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park had confirmed that the Royal Caledonian Curling Club Committee will have a meeting whether to decide to allow "The Grand Match" – the bonspiel – on the Lake of Menteith near Aberfoyle, as the lake had frozen for the first time since 2001 and the last match (where many clubs play on the lake) was in 1979.[53] The main route between Perth and Inverness was shut in several places as 2 to 4 feet (0.61 to 1.22 m) of snow from 17 consecutive days of Snowfall between Kingussie and Aviemore within the Cairngorms National Park, which had disrupted the journeys of skiers coming back from the Cairngorm ski resort, which has already its best season for 14 years with 15,000 skiers at the beginning of January.

The rail route between Aviemore and Inverness was disrupted after a train had de-railed at Carrbridge.[54] Inverness and parts of the Highlands had run out of salt as further snowfall fell in the Highlands during the afternoon and evening.[50] The Highways Agency used 500 gritters and snowploughs to clear motorways and A roads. In a crash near Bredbury on the M60 a lorry driver was killed.[55]

Concerns were expressed by the Conservative Party that gas supplies would begin to run low if the icy conditions continued for a prolonged period, with figures suggesting that supplies would only last for another week if normal usage levels continued and all energy imports and production terminated for a week.[49] However, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown insisted that the gas shortage would not lead to an energy crisis.[47] The filming of the television soap operas Coronation Street in Manchester, and Emmerdale in Leeds, were halted by heavy snow, with warnings of major changes to the schedule on ITV1.[55]

Met Office confirmed later on that 48 centimetres (19 in) of snow was lying in Aviemore. Nothern Ireland recorded 9 centimetres (3.5 in) of snow and some schools closed.

Emergency and breakdown services were moving abandoned cars around the UK throughout the day.

6 January

The Met Office issued an extreme weather event warning for the central parts of southern England for 6–7 January,[56] as a polar low develops in the English Channel, with snow falling in London and the south-east of England.[57] Met Éireann issued a severe weather warning for east Leinster with up to 5 centimetres (2 in) of snow forecast.[58] Surrey experienced particularly bad snowfall; a number of roads were affected, while the town of Guildford experienced a power blackout.[59]

The Army had to help stranded motorists in southern areas.[48] The Met Office confirmed that 40cm (16 inches) of snow had fallen in some parts of southern England.[60] 1.5 feet (0.46 m) of snow in Jedburgh, central Scotland created extreme driving conditions. A severe warning issued by the Met Office was in place for every region in the UK.

A woman was killed in a road accident on the Shetland Isles due to severe snow conditions.[61] The A9 between Aviemore and Kingussie was reopened however. Lying snow in the Cairngorms area still remains between 2-4ft with further snow showers in Moray. Slow traffic and abandoned cars filled main routes in southern parts. Many roads were closed, including part of the A20.

The M20 had queues reaching 15 miles (24 km) towards Maidstone, with some vehicles, including over ten cars and two lorries breaking down. Part of the Maidstone town center was cut off by police after there was an accident involving two cars. The center of Middlewich, Cheshire was blocked by a traffic jam of trucks going to and from the rock salt mine at Winsford, Cheshire.[62]

All major roads in the Scottish Borders had been disrupted.[63] Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond said Scotland was experiencing its worst winter since 1963.[60]

Snowfall on the east coast of Ireland cause severe disruptions to transport with Dublin Bus services being suspended and flights in Dublin airport being suspended for a period of four and a half hours [64] Over 500 roads in Northern Ireland were closed due to frequent colliding cars. In the south of England, over 200 cars were abandoned on streets towards 10PM. It was announced that roads throughout the UK would be gritted in the early morning of 7 January.

8,000 schools were closed due to snow in southern England, Wales, parts of northern England, scottish Borders, Moray, Highland, and Aberdeenshire.[60] In the south-east, many schools closed and many had disrupted days, with children being sent home early.

7 January

Overnight temperatures of −18 °C (0 °F) were recorded during the morning at Benson, Oxfordshire and Woodford, Greater Manchester.

Buses stopped in south-east areas until 12PM.

Northern Russia is hit by a huge blizzard, causing disruption everywhere.

The UK receives another large blizzard, with snow on the ground reaching 2 and a half feet, causing long road queues and warnings about changes to transport timetables.

Parts of south England are left without electricity, after powerlines blew down.

Over 10,000 schools closed across the UK due to very heavy snow and disrupted transport.

The M20 motorway was held up by a crash involving three cars, which was later cleared by emergency and breakdown services.

The temperature in the south-east never reached higher than 0 °C (32 °F), with most of the day in sub-zero temperatures.

Effects

Transport

England

Ireland

Sporting cancellations

Many sport events were cancelled or postponed, including:

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to December 2009 European snowfall.

References

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  66. ^ Eurostar.com - Questions and Answers
  67. ^ http://news.eircom.net/breakingnews/17075655/?view=Standard
  68. ^ http://news.eircom.net/breakingnews/17075398/
  69. ^ http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/knock-airport-closed-441052.html
  70. ^ "Carling Cup semis postponed as freeze continues". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  71. ^ Armytage, Marcus (3 January 2010). "Jump racing faces bleak week ahead". Telegraph Online. The Telegraph. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  72. ^ "Only two Scots games beat freeze". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
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