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December 16

Is there potential for a resolution to the conflict in Kashmir?

No question beyond the section title.

That isn't really the sort of question we answer here, this is for factual questions, not open-ended discussion topics. -- Jmabel | Talk 02:31, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

All signs point to yes Sherurcij ^{(talk) (bounties)} 11:07, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

You might start with Wiki articles on the topic such as History of the Kashmir conflict then go to discussion of what content improvements have some consensus such as the prospects for peace there. User:AlMac|^(talk) 08:40, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Global Economy

Why is it that there aren't many countries in the world that are neither rich nor poor?

You are referring to the Second World nations. Well, those nations do encompass a huge chunk of the world as well, and they extend in just about every region of land in the Soviet Union's reach. It is interesting that these nations are all pretty poor but not extremely poor. That is because they all experimented with industrial communism--and failed--but reached an economic system where individuals were limited to certain wealth (as in China before free trade loosening) and the government helped to provide to level out the extremely poor. You can see these nations are gaining some wealth in the new economic system of capitalism and are experiencing some growth. You can devise your own opinion of communism based on these nation's histories and economic success rates.--Screwball23 ^talk 04:15, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I don't believe that to be true. "rich" and "poor" are highly subjective terms. If you take the very poorest nations of the world (mostly in sub-Saharan Africa), then most people in the world are significantly better off. And if you take the very richest countries in the world (mostly in Europe and North America) then most of the world is significantly worse off. The largest countries in the world (China, India, Russia, Pakistan, Indonesia) belong to this group in-between. It's not an even distribution. The richest countries are much farther above the global average than the poorest are below it. So it only looks like there are no in-between countries if you define "rich" as "as rich as the richest". If you define "rich" as "above average", most people are in-between. --BluePlatypus 13:05, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

To only name a few representative nations, Mexico, Poland, Qatar, and Malaysia tend to conduct their foreign relations as if they do not consider themselves to be among the wealthy or impoverished nations. If you would categorize any of those nations as either "rich" or "poor", then you're probably not leaving much of a middle ground at all, and defining your way into this dichotomy. If you would consider them all to be "neither rich nor poor", well, then, there's a representative answer. --Mareino 19:15, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The term "second world" although descriptive, is not accurate and should not be used. It was formed during the Cold War by the US government to refer exclusively to communist nations and their allies.

The Asteroid Threat

People have talked alot about the possibility of an asteroid,comet, or meteorite colliding with the earth and destroying it.I have 3 questions about that:

Is it possible for a giant asteroid or comet to destroy the whole world? If yes, than how serious is the threat an asteroid collision? How much should we people be concerned about it?

See the article Impact event. It depends on whether you mean actual total destruction of the planet, or just the extinction of mankind or all life on Earth. The former is extremely unlikely, but an impact event which throws up so much dust into the atmosphere as to block out sunlight is more likely, and such an event is believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs. --Canley 03:48, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Also see gravitational binding energy. The biggest impact event in Earth's history created the Moon, and that took a Mars-sized object. It's extremely unlikely that a similar event will happen. ‣ᓛᖁ♀ᑐ 04:03, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

PS, this would probably be more relevant in the Science Reference Desk than the Humanities one. --Canley 04:12, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The third question is a social question, and all I can say is that NASA doesn't seem to be very concerned. As for the questions about the seriousness of impact, play with this [1]. It's generally regarded as well researched and consistent with our limited observations. --Mareino 19:17, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Is it possible... Absolutely yes. The Permian extinction was probably a complex set of disasters, with a 5-mile diameter rock's impact/explosion as a prime factor, and in that event (about 250,000,000 years ago), it is thought that over 90% of all *species* were destroyed. See Permian-Triassic_extinction_event. By comparison, the ~3 mile rock that wiped out the dinosaurs (KT boundary) took out maybe 90% of all life (but not of all species). These kinds of events did their damage in forms of destruction and violence with no recent example for comparison, and reference to "dust blocking the sun" is simply inadequate to describe the process.

There is one event we can look to... comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. When it struck Jupiter, it left giant blotches in Jupiter's atmosphere. The largest was the size of Earth. ‣ᓛᖁ♀ᑐ 22:42, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

How serious is the threat... There's two parts to this. The potential for destruction is very serious. The probability of the event is still small. But it is not vanishingly small. The Tunguska, Siberia forest was flattened just 97 years ago by a relatively small object that by a very minor trajectory change could have crossed into Europe. The flattened area is about the size of Rome, Italy. Several large iron-nickel meteorites are buried in Saudi Arabia ([Wabar]) having fallen there just 450 years ago. Pictures of bolides over Colorado and just last week over Australia have been published. Such things are near misses that could have done great damage.

How much should we people be concerned about it? One respondent says it's a social question. If you blithely can say Katrina was a social question...implying that such are not for the likes of us to work on, I most strenuously disagree and acting on that have developed and patented a system for monitoring space. It still doesn't solve the problem, but early detection and constant monitoring is a useful first step. Building on the earlier respondent's link to NASA, I would point out that they have a goal of detecting 90% of the 1 kM diameter NEAs by 2011 to generate a catalog. Good idea...if only the NEA's would stop bumping one another and changing orbits...

How much should we people be concerned about it? So. Katrina. And yet, there are two parts even here. Katrina happening over Patagonia is not the event it was in New Orleans. Tunguska is and was unpopulated. The major portion of the earth is water, so the big targets are oceans, not land, not little targets like cities. And besides, if something the size of Manhattan heads our way, what could we do about it? So maybe the best answer is that we shouldn't be concerned, in the same sense as we don't really worry about being struck by lightning. But my take is that just as we want the weather report to tell us about Katrina, knowing we can't stop it, we want to know if Something Wicked This Way Comes (apologies to Ray Bradbury), if only to try to step aside.

I really enjoy this topic, but will hold off to see if the subject has "legs", and also to see if the Wiki wonks ;) want more links to statements, etc.

William A. Hoffman III
16 December 2005

If it comes close, we'll nuke it. If this is the most serious thing you have to worry about, mix a drink and consider yourself lucky :-)

I find this topic very interesting and hope that Mr. Hoffman or others will make sure the information gets into Wikipedia (as opposed to here). Halcatalyst 03:46, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

No weapon ever used would do much to a nickel-iron asteroid of more than a few dozen meters if it were not found early. If it comes close, we will simply watch it. On the other hand, the so-called "rock pile", a loose aggregation held together by gravity might be well-handled by a nuke or three, or ten, although some of it would still make it. Wikipedia has an article on Novaya_Zemlya, where the largest nuke ever tested was detonated, but you'll need to search the net for pictures to see how little real damage was done.

As for making sure the information gets into Wikipedia, I'll work on it. OTH, why "as opposed to here", where the object is to have questions asked and answered?

OTH (and now I'm an economist <g>) I'd like to move it into a more specifically science or technology focused discussion area and if the Wiki folks would agree, perhaps we could take the whole Q&A to another board. William A. Hoffman III 18 December 2005

I said "as opposed to here" because then it would be part of an encyclopedia article rather than the reference desk, which goes back only a few days before being archived and, uh, lost in space. Halcatalyst 00:59, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks. I hadn't realized it would be scrolling off the top, even while finding it easier and easier to get to... As an article, would it be subject to review and editing just like this is? How about references to original work or original thinking (scientifically based and justifiable, but not necessarily proven)? I presume an archive can be retrieved, but haven't done it. Any guidance would be most welcome. This topic needs a full and open review. WAH 20 Dec 05

- All articles can be edited by anybody. Some are peer reviewed. This is a Good Thing, IMHO. References to original work are highly desirable, though original work itself is prohibited, for reasons I don't fully understand. I'm inquiring about this at Help. Halcatalyst 05:16, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

- And behold, the answer appeared there seven minutes later. Halcatalyst 05:36, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

- As I was informed over there, the correct term for what we are not to do on WP is "original research," because like any encyclopedia Wikipedia is a tertiary source. Articles are indeed original collective work. Halcatalyst 14:11, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Auroville compared to Anarchosyndicalism

In howfar can Auroville be compared to a Anarchist/Anarchosyndicalist comunity? --helohe (talk) 09:45, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

You can compare everything, but I don't see how Auroville has any anarchist qualities, so personally I wouldn't compare the two. - Mgm|^(talk) 10:01, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]
- Ok thanks. Do you know of any active anarchist comunities? --helohe (talk) 10:17, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Freetown Christiania is pretty anarchist. smurrayinchester^{(User), (Ho Ho Ho!)} 18:41, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

JesusRadicals is an active on-line community. Halcatalyst 00:54, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Industrial Revolution

I was wondering where I could find a lot of info on the Industrial Revolution including why it occured first in England.

Thank you

Have you considered reading the article Industrial Revolution? It might be a good place to start. --jpgordon ∇∆∇∆ 17:06, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Battle Of Troy.

What are the measurements of the trojan horse?

Dear Sir and/ or Madam,

My name is Lorenzo Damiani and I am in dire need of an answer. I am taking part in an excelled course for school and for a project it is my task to make a scale model of the trojan horse. After viewing your page I have seen that you have an immense amount of information on the subject itself. After thorough investigation of many websites, we have not been able to find any information on the measurements of any replicated trojan horse. I would be greatly thankful if you would be able to provide us with the measurements of any replicated horse known. It would be greatly beneficial to our project.

Much thanks, Lorenzo Damiani.

If you need to make a scale model, it should be easy. The Trojan Horse was roughly built to scale to resemble a real horse. Therefore, your model can also be based on the rough dimensions of a real horse.--Mareino 19:21, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I hope you are aware that the story is based on Homer's Odyssey and our best available evidence is that Homer never saw the horse, and reported legends that might have been centuries old when he wrote them down. No dimensions are provided in his three brief references, so you get to make it up and no one can disprove your version. Good luck.alteripse 19:20, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

A scale model implies a scale factor. The same model, say LxWxH 18x6x12 (in ANY units: cm, inches, or sugar cubes) would be useable for the "real" Trojan Horse if it were 54 feet long, 18 feet wide and 36 feet high. So as Mareino and Alteripse say, you decide on the "real" dimensions and just keep the ratio of LxWxH. On the other hand, state in your report that you've had to make an estimate because there are no facts known, and then reveal how you made your estimate. It will look like a better job. To make an estimate, get a toy horse from somewhere and see how many smaller (not rider size) soldier figures you could fit into it. Use smaller and smaller figures (you may have to make your own from clay) until you could expect to fit enough into the horse to have a fair chance of beating the forces inside the fortress. Would you take a chance with just 5, even if they were champions? When you're satisfied with that, assume your small soldiers are 65" tall and do the multiplication for the horse size. Recheck your thinking by imagining how many soldiers with spears you could get in a car...pickup...jitney. ReRecheck by thinking about how heavy the "horse" will be made with shiplap 2" thick and containing all those men (what if the Trojans decided it would make a good entry-way ornament and left it there?). Try to imagine it was really you doing the design back then, and the victory was important to you, and you will have a model and report on its design that will be a first rate piece of schoolwork. And maybe even fun to do, if it's not due Monday.

WAHIII 17 December 2005

Dear Lorenzo, Did you read the information posted above? Did it do you any good?

WAHIII

Possession of a firearm with a felony firearms charge

I have been searching for information on what my rights are if I have a conviction of a felony? I had been robbed several times at my business and the suspects again showed up to rob my business. I had told them several times to get away from my equipment; they had at that point gotton back into their truck and tried to run me down. I fired a shot between the two men causing them to stop for a moment. My question would be can I also be charged with felony firearms charge while trying to protect myself? There have been no charges brought against me. Thank you for any information --207.200.116.11 18:20, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

As a lawyer I am telling you anything you say to a police officer can be used against you. If you tell the story you told on wikipedia you will be arrested and most likely go back to prison. If you just even tell them you own a gun you will go back to prision!

Perhaps you should consult a lawyer, and also ask the police. In many jurisdictions there is a big difference in your rights if the perpetrators are hit by your bullets while they are in the process of doing the crime at your place of business, as opposed to if you go chasing after them out of your premises. User:AlMac|^(talk) 18:32, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

A lot would depend on the jurisdiction and country you are in. Not every country allows people to own fire arms, let alone use them. - Mgm|^(talk) 09:44, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

What can I write in a novel without being demanded or persecuted?

hi! i was wondering if i could mention band names, critique political groups, critique religious practices, mention famous people and stuff like that in a novel without running much risk besides maybe being excommunicated from the catholic church. (cause i don't really care much about that, and if i get excommunicated it's fine with me!)

thnx

(posted by 200.107.129.222; according to Community Geotarget IP Project, the question-poster is in Peru. This might help focus your answer. --Mareino 19:33, 16 December 2005 (UTC))[reply]

This very much depends on what nation or social group you fear persecution from. Here in the United States, the First Amendment allows you to write just about anything and not face government persecution -- especially if you're writing a political or religious critique. Whether a band persecutes you depends on the band. I hear that Metallica doesn't have a sense of humor. --Mareino 19:25, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]
- But on the other side the US are quite famous in banning books. --helohe (talk) 23:48, 16 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

thank you, well i fear persecution from the catholic church first of all, then, from leftish political groups in my country, then from people i have based my characters on ( but they don't worry me much since i've used other names, but they'll know right away it's them i'm talking about) and also from some bands and famous people i'll mention, but i wont critique, just mention, and/or praise.

I doubt bands or famous will mind, as long as they don't actually appear as characters, nor will family or friends provided the characters portraying them do not portray them disfavourably. Unfortunately, religious groups (of any faith) tend to be rather less lenient (see Salman Rushdie, Dan Brown or Jerry Springer: The Opera). smurrayinchester^{(User), (Ho Ho Ho!)} 13:01, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I doubt very much this information will matter much to you, but part of the duty of the Reference Desk is to educate and inform people not only of the things they asked, but also of what they didn't. I just wanted to note that many people seem to feel that excommunication is a risk run by people who oppose the Roman Catholic Church, and they are misinformed. Excommunication refers specifically to a member of the church being barred from participation in the Eucharist (also called Holy Communion....hence ex-communicate). If you're not a communicating member of the church in question, excommunication will not occur. You might be denounced in other ways, but since the Middle Ages, it's been my general impression that the traffic in denouncing heretics has abated somewhat as far as the Vatican is concerned. I doubt very much this knowledge will impact you directly, but as you seem to believe that you will run afoul of this denomination, I figured a little additional information might be of assistance to you. Jwrosenzweig 07:11, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Of course, during the Middle Ages, it was used quite enthusiastically as a political tool... in Durham, there were four seperate attempts to excommunicate the chapter of monks between 1153 and 1283 - twice over money, twice over power disputes - and the Bishop was excommunicated at least once. One of these excommunications was prevented by an armed mob chasing the Archbishop of York out of the city. Ah, ecclesiastical culture... Shimgray | talk | 18:43, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you so much Jwrosenzweig!!! u rock! :)

pseudonym

how do I register a pseudonym and still have the rights to my work without risking being known? and also, can I, being peruvian, register my pseudonym and novel in the US? or is there any way I can register it 'internationally'? and also, if I register my pseudonym under my real name and ID ( and I have to do that)do I risk being known because of someone investigating in indecopy ( a peruvian institution for intelectual property) or something?

We don't give legal advice here, but for what it's worth I have never heard of the concept that a pseudonym has to be registered, and I think I would have heard of it if it existed in the major English-speaking countries. Peru might be different. --Anonymous, 06:50 UTC, December 17, 2005

Actually I don't know if I have to register it!...i just thought i had to if latter on I wanted to claim ownership of the book, because if I don't register my pseudonym somehow...someone else can take the credit and i won't be able to win the trial u know...i'm just planning everything, because i do not live in a tolerant society.

Perhaps the best way would be to prepare an outline of the work and bring it to a publisher. Ask them how publication would be done to protect your identity. You have many mixed-together issues that need to be clarified by speaking with a professional - copyright protection vs identity theft, ensuring fame or fortune vs retaining anonymity are just two.

thank you, I was thinking of publishing my work in the US, or online instead of in my country the traditional way, so that way i don't risk anything, but is there any way I can do this? like publish online under a pseudonym and still claim my work whenever i want to, with some sort of document that says I am the person with that pseudonym?

As far as I know, you don't need to register pseudonyms. They're meant to protect your identity. Only your publisher is supposed to know it, so you need to make a deal with the publisher to make sure they don't reveal it. - Mgm|^(talk) 09:48, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

December 17

Place Names

How many places have been named from the indigenous peoples' word/phrase for "I don't understand you" or something similar?

I've never heard of any cases of this particular misunderstanding; there is a story that kangaroo has that meaning, but it's false. It is true that the name of Canada derives from a native word that means village, but that's a different misunderstanding. --Anonymous, 07:00 UTC, December 17, 2005

According to our article on it, the name Yucatan is derived from something similar to that, but I don't know if this is confirmed. I can't think of any others. -- Vardion 07:58, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The story that Yucatán derives from one of the Mayan languages —presumably 16th C. Yucatec Maya— as an expression similar in meaning to "I don't understand you" can be traced back to at least c.1541, where it appears in the History of the Indians of New Spain written by Fray Toribio de Benavente, a.k.a. Motolinia; variations of this tale also appear in Francisco López de Gómara's 1552 biography of Hernán Cortés, and also in the c.1566 Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán by Diego de Landa. However, an alternative etymology is given by Bernal Díaz del Castillo, one of the original conquistadores, who says in his The True History of the Conquest of New Spain that it derives from the word yuca, meaning cassava, out of which bread was made. A third explanation (one supported by the OED) has it that it comes from a word for "language, speech" in Chontal Maya, yokotan, which also signified the region. See also Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (discoverer of Yucatán), which contains a discussion on the origin, as well as a quite detailed account of the first Spanish expedition to the Yucatán peninsula. --cjllw | TALK 13:11, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

See List of tautological place names for places whose names are derived from native language terms for a type of feature, such as the Mississippi River (Mississippi meaning "Big River" in Algonquian languages) or the more extreme case of Torpenhow Hill in Cumbria, England where successive invaders took the existing residents' name for the hill and added their own word for "hill", giving us a name which literally means "Hill Hill Hill Hill". -- AJR | Talk 01:07, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Album sales

I just wanted to know how copies of cherrelle firstree albums sold thanks

south park

sorry for asking so much, i was wondering if i could talk about south park in a book, (like not exclusively about south park i mean, just comment on the show for a couple of scenes maybe). or they could sue me somehow...

A, B, and A+B are possible states of the universe, perhaps in descending order of probability as A>A+B>B. And it isn't so much to ask unless you want extensive speculation on imagined details. alteripse 19:04, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

haha :( ...mmm..well nice sense of humour dude, but i need a real answer, please :(

The obliquity of the answer was supposed to make you realize how vague and poorly constructed your question was. Anyone can refer to a television show in a book. Anyone can file a lawsuit (at least in the US). If you wanted a discussion of whether the way you want to "talk about" South Park material is likely to attract litigation you will have to provide a whole lot more details than you did. What I gave you was the best anyone could do with what you offered. alteripse 18:22, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The creators of any American TV show, movie, novel, or other creative work can sue you for infringing upon their intellectual property if you copy their material. Merely discussing it is OK, even if you use examples. --Mareino 00:02, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

literary Villains

What literary villain was never charged for his crimes and why?

Captain Crocker killed Sir Eustace, and Holmes caught him (Abbey Grange), but was satisfied with his story, so never revealed it to the police. Holmes let a couple of others go as I recall. It's literature, but perhaps not Literature, and the most obvious answer to your original question is that many villains were never charged for their crimes throughout even Literature, because they were killed, not captured. So how about a hint, year or decade of publication, story venue, genre, hmmmm, a clue?

Author

Who is the French Author who wrote Carmen on which the opera was based?

139.55.212.134```~

See Carmen. --jpgordon ∇∆∇∆ 17:45, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Yale University 1929

Did any of the graduates from Yale 1929 become famous?

--205.188.116.14 20:20, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

"The first Yale class to award degrees to more than 700 graduates, '29 produced many notable alumni, including two whose contributions shaped Yale intellectually and culturally in the 20th century more than any other -- Paul Mellon and A. Whitney Griswold." [2] For what it's worth, I'd heard of Griswold, so I suspect that means fame of a sort. Shimgray | talk | 20:30, 17 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

sitting tara

What is the significance of the sitting tara?

See Tara. Seated is her usual posture. --Shantavira 08:50, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

why is it

Why are nearly all the popes buried in rome (including non itailians) (posted by 66.59.116.205)

First off, that's where most of them died. Second, Pope John Paul II was the first non-Italian Pope since the 1500s. Until very recently, transporting dead bodies over long distances was rather difficult to do because of rot. And finally, for the devout Catholic, being buried in the Vatican is quite an honor.--Mareino 00:07, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Just as a side note, many (individual) popes are buried in more than one place - that is, with the corpse in one site, and the viscera in another. Many churches in Rome have pope parts. - Nunh-huh 00:18, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

December 18

Orthodox Churches in Zagreb Croatia

I am trying to research data on my grandfather. He died in 1908 and would like to search church registries. Please advise. Thank you, Norma 69.136.114.171 01:44, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

You may please try this site [3] where there are a few links on genealogy, ancestry and churches --Tachs 08:42, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

need to decipher Japanese pillar in Mongol_Invasions_of_Japan

can anyone help me identify this image, lowest bottom right? Mongol_Invasions_of_Japan it is either critical....or deletable...we don't know since we can't read Kanji. it has no caption and needs one bad. can anyone help me or send me to a wikijapanese person who can help?

It says this: 史跡元寇防塁 . Now you just have to figure out what those symbols mean. — ₀₉₁₈^BRIAN • 2005-12-18 03:15
- (Historical) (ruins) (Mongol Invasion) (defend) (fortress). According to: http://www.nuthatch.com/kanji/ . — ₀₉₁₈^BRIAN • 2005-12-18 03:16
  - Babelfish claims "Historic site original 寇 fortress" —Slicing (talk) 03:18, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Thank yoo!!!

How Many Teetotalers?

The page on Teetotalism includes an external link that says 30% of Americans are "abstainers". That's a much larger number than most people would guess (I wonder if they're counting people who "seldom" drink rather than people who "never" drink). Elsewhere I've heard 20%, which is still a very large number.

It would be interesting to get some better numbers on this-- somebody must have the data, but a quick google search didn't turn up anything useful. Anyone have any ideas? -Rbean 06:15, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

This could be a case where you need to go to a good library rather than Googling. There you could find (with the help of a reference librarian) standard sources in medicine and social sciences which would help you get to your goal faster than on the Internet. Halcatalyst 19:19, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I haven't followed the links, but if the page really refers simply to the percentage "of Americans", well, that would include children, wouldn't it? So if someone wanted to inflate the statistics... enough said. --Anonymous, 05:45 UTC, December 19, 2005

MLK AND MALCOLM X

What were Malcolm Xs and Reverend MLKs opinions about each other? Did they ever met,and if they did when and where? Please answer,Thank you

Try the MLK and Malcom X articles.

I tried looking at them before to answer this question, but the answer doesn't seem to be there. MLK and Malcolm X did live during the same time period, but the only link between them I could derive was some sort of march MLK was in that Malcolm X didn't approve of or something. Quite vague.--Ridge Racer 07:32, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

See this page from MLK's "autobiography". -- Mwalcoff 06:10, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Mausberg

Can you tell me more about word "Mausberg" and also about the late rapper using that name(Mausberg),because there is mentioning of him in couple of articles on wikipedia,but I cant really find out more about him or the word "Mausberg Thanks

[4] is an article written shortly after he was murdered that has quite a lot of information about him. —Slicing (talk) 08:11, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

c-sharp major

Hello, this is KeeganB. Why is c-sharp major so rare in classical music?

The more sharps or flats in the key signature, the harder it is to play the music, because the player has to remember all of the "rules" from the key signature and apply them, where relevant, to every note in the whole piece. C sharp major (and the very rare A sharp minor) has 7 sharps (F,C,G,D,A,E,B), and there are only 7 notes altogether, so every single note is sounded differently than it appears on the printed stave. Any accidentals (which could only be double sharps, flats, or naturals) would just further complicate an already complex intellectual task. Same problem for C flat major/A flat minor, which have 7 flats. JackofOz 13:56, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Another reason is that the enharmonic flat key, D flat major, has only 5 flats and is easier for musicians to read. Most composers who want these sounds to be produced would tend to ask the player to think of the piece as being in D flat major rather than as being in C sharp major - but there are some exceptions, obviously. Either way, the music sounds exactly the same. See C-sharp major. JackofOz 02:57, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Navy of the ancient world

In my study of ancient history, I read over and over of Carthage's legendary sea power, of Vandal naval dominance...but what ships did these civilizations use? what were they called? what did they look like? how did they attack other ships? I can't find this anywhere.

Nick Nick 15:15, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Unfortunately both Vandal and Carthaginian history is poorly documented and often written by their enemies so there is little fine detail. The Galley and Trireme articles give details of the kind of shipping used in the general era. MeltBanana 22:24, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Also check out Greek fire. User:AlMac|^(talk) 15:32, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Hospital Workforce Diversity

I am exploring the creation of a list of "Best Hospitals for Diversity." It would focus on workforce diversity. There are several lists for corporations, but none that I know of in the healthcare business. Does anyone know if such a list presently exists in healthcare?

Most hospitals in big American cities have a great deal of workforce diversity simply because they have a whole spectrum of jobs from minimum wage to educated professional and middle to top management. Diversity lists are usually compiled by companies to brag about their social consciousness or by those who wish to pressure companies into changing hiring policies, but in large city hospitals a breakdown of the total workforce by sex or ethnic group or disability or whatever categories you wish to privilege doesn't tell much about the distribution of those categories in the different types of jobs from doctors to janitors. That is rarely published by hospitals and is relatively difficult to come by. alteripse 18:14, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Gambling losses tax deductible?

The article on tax deduction states that under U.S. law, gambling losses are tax deductible as long as they are not in excess of winnings. Can I ask why? Is gambling really that big a source of revenue for the U.S. government? -- MegamiX 16:14, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

This is sort of a wild guess, but I assume that the reason this is so is because like tax exemption due to state/local taxes, the money simply ends up getting to the government. If they already have x amount of your money from gambling then thats simply x in taxes that you have aready paid.--Ridge Racer 16:28, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I think it works like this: (a) There's money to be made taxing gambling winnings (regardless of whether the gambling is legal or illegal.) (b) If you're going to do that, you really need to offset winnings with losses -- how else are you going to calculate actual winnings? (c) But allowing deductions for a gross losses (i.e., you lost a million bucks last year total) would encourage people to gamble more. --jpgordon ∇∆∇∆ 21:04, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I don't know. The way the article phrased it, you get deductions for net profit (losses not in excess of winnings), but not for net loss. Not that it'd make much difference anyway: I can imagine our casino addict thinking "now, if I can just recoup my losses, I'll get a net gain and tax deductions!" Ahh well - thanks, both of you. :) -- MegamiX 08:17, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

No, the way it works is the winnings go on the front page of your 1040 as income. Then if you itemize your deductions you are able to claim the losses as a deduction to that income, but not more. They don't want to let you use overall gambling losses for the year to save any taxes on other income. See the form 1040, Schedule A, and the instructions for those forms. i1040sa pg 9 Get the rest here. The upshot is if you can't itemize, you'll pay taxes on the winnings but get no deduction. I actually think the article is clear about gambling losses, but you have to know how deductions work I guess. - Taxman ^Talk 16:09, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Race

I wanted to know is vanessa williams African-american or half black or white december 18, 2005 by jillina

You realize those are social categories, largely a matter of self-identification, and not at all exclusive of each other, don't you? And you understand by the way you have phrased the question, the answer is almost certainly "yes"? alteripse 17:57, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

It is unclear whether you are referring to Vanessa Lynn Williams or Vanessa A. Williams, but both are African-Americans. As alteripse points out, this does not exclude the other possibilities. TheMadBaron 11:44, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Movie Posters

Most movie posters have a section in where the name of the producer and actors etc. is written. Does anyone know what it is called? (Henningklevjer 17:54, 18 December 2005 (UTC))[reply]

I usually call them credits as they are pretty much a shortened version of the list of people who worked on the movie (as shown at the end of the actual film). I'm not sure if the section on a movie poster as a separate name. - Mgm|^(talk) 19:45, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

music

did any of cherrelle albums sales any units like the first three (affair, high priority etc.)

                                               december 18. 2005 JAMES

Knights of the Templar

With regard to the surcoats worn by these and other knights or soldiers, I am curious about who made them, who put the red cross on them (for the Templars)? Was this a cottage industry or did it involve any kind of mass production? Was someone in charge overall, or locally? Was it done by men or women?

It's Knights Templar. That article may help. JackofOz 01:22, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Coat of arms was heavily regulated with respect to what families could use what symbols and color schemes. User:AlMac|^(talk) 15:36, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Rob Roy MacGregor

Hello. My name is Vanessa and i'm looking for information regarding the children of Rob Roy MacGregor. There are four boys. James, Ronald, Coll, and Robert. Is there a way to find out who there children are? Thanks so much, V.

There is more information about McGregor's sons in the novel Rob Roy by Sir Walter Scott. The book is freely available on the web at Project Gutenberg and other places. It should be noted that the book is semi-fictional, so some parts may not be completely historically accurate. --Canley 02:45, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I wouldn't trust any novel by Walter Scott for historical accuracy. As to the sons unless they are famous in their own right we (& all other encyclopedias) won't have entries on them. You might want to try local history projects around Rob Roy's local area as they're probably more likely to be able to help than enyone else AllanHainey 09:27, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee: already requested stamps

There is a Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee that helps select future stamp designs. When searching on the web, one can see several letters that have been submitted to the committee. Is there a govenrnment website that makes all letters that were submitted to this committee available for viewing? is there any way to see what ideas have already been submitted and how they were evaluatesd? which ones were rejected and which ones were accepted? and the why's for each?

are the discussions of the committee available for viewing/reading on the web?

if they are not on the web? is there a way to ask for a specific document from the committee? or some other govt publishing house that keeps track of their work? and their decisions?

basically I want to find out what ideas have been submitted for new postage stamps, and what the deicsinns were on each, and why?

help, please.

with most sincere gratitude and appreciattion for your time and response to this inquiry -- gratefully, rosanne

The webpage of the CSAC is here. This page contains the criteria used for approving stamp designs, and a contact address. --Canley 02:28, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Filipino and German Pedagogues

Some complete information (i.e. birthdate, schooling, awards, career, etc) on German-based Filipino violinist and conductor Oscar C. Yatco, as well as on German pedagogue Jens Ellermann, would be greatly appreciated. Igor the Lion 21:20, 18 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Are you trying to rewrite the article on Chino Gutierrez? Anyway, check the extlinks given in the current AfD: the ABS-CBN link has some info on Yatco. On Ellermann, there's his own website (beware of hype!). He does seem to be fairly famous in violinist's circles. I've also found a brief bio-sketch, and the music academies where he worked mentioned on his web site might have something on him. Lupo 09:30, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Among other things, yes. Actually, I'm trying to write some articles on Filipino classical musicians who are recognized in the music community over there. Oscar Yatco, for one, is conductor laureate of the Phil. Philharmonic Orchestra, won internationally, teaches in Hanover, and so on. Jens Ellermann used to teach with him there in Hanover. Aside from that, there are also other notable musicians such as soprano Camille Lopez, pianist Cecile Licad (whose current article needs cleanup), etc. Anyway, thanks for the links. Igor the Lion 16:22, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

How did the playbill get its name?

The word "bill" has meant "advertisement" since the 15th century, and the word "playbill" has meant "advertisement for a play" since the 16th century. There's not a complicated history of the word, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. --Fastfission 05:19, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The word bill is still used for advertisement in many legal areas, such as the warning Post No Bills. --Kainaw ^(talk) 01:18, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

December 19

Marco Polo

Does anyone have any information on the game Marco Polo? Like who invented it? The background history?

You can refer to our brief article on the subject at Marco Polo (game). The article suggests an origin of the game which strikes me as plausible, but as the article lists no references I'd encourage you to look for corroboration of that tale (although perhaps someone will stop by and let us both know if it's accurate). Jwrosenzweig 06:57, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Globalization

I've heard that some people who are against globalization say it will increase the amount of poverty and economic inequality in the world.Why and how would globalization increase the amount of economic inequality in the world?And are those anti-globalization protesters saying that globalization is bad for developing countries?

I've also heard that globalization will make environmental problems in the world even worse.Why and how would it do that?

See Globalization and Anti-Globalization for a start. Dismas|^(talk) 03:32, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

See also Free-market environmentalism, Isolationism, Trade, Interracial marriage, and Diffusion of innovations.--Mareino 14:48, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

you might want to read International Economics: Theory and Policy by Krugman and Obstfeld if you're in an appetite for some dry econ rationale. __earth 17:02, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

in the movies..........

How come africa,including south africa is usually refered to as the'jungle' people are 'barberians' and society seen as 'uncivilised' in most western movies? (this question is asked after observing this unsubstantial critism too often)

Africa is not, in fact, mentioned in most movies at all. To which movies do you refer? TheMadBaron 13:00, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Most western movies take place in the American west & I don't think I've seen one that refers to Africa. If you mean movies made in Hollywood I'd just chalk it up to one of many hollywood standard images/stereotypes/misrepresentations/etc. AllanHainey 16:35, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Japanese called westerners as barbarians back during meiji era. The point is, ppl are/were biased. __earth 17:04, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

"Barbarian" is also "a Greek word used in the New Testament (Rom. 1:14) to denote one of another nation. In Col. 3:11, the word more definitely designates those nations of the Roman empire that did not speak Greek. In 1 Cor. 14:11, it simply refers to one speaking a different language. The inhabitants of Malta are so called (Acts 28:1,2, 4). They were originally a Carthaginian colony. This word nowhere in Scripture bears the meaning it does in modern times." Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary (dictionary.com). Halcatalyst 00:46, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps the questioner was referring to films that take place in the African jungle. --Kainaw ^(talk) 01:15, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Fork Dinner

What exactly is a fork dinner. I heard the expression used in England recently. JanW

I live in England and I've never heard it. At a guess it denotes a dinner (normally the evening meal) where food substantial enough to require a fork is served, as opposed to a "finger buffet" where canapés and suchlike (edible with the fingers) are served. Have you any context as to iwhere you heard it? Tonywalton

| Talk 14:59, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Helpful to the blind.

I have been working in the restaraunt business for 4 years. I was trained on the job to place the salt shakers on the right and pepper shakers on the left, "White on right." This was to make it easier for the blind. Just recently at my new job, still in restaraunts, I was told that salt on left, pepper on right. They never heard of "white on right." Is there something to that affect that is helpful to the blind?

Any information would be GREATLY appreciated. THANK YOU very much. signed,--66.213.81.2 15:39, 19 December 2005 (UTC) David Collins.[reply]

Wouldn't this matter which side of the table the person were seated on? Or is this on a counter with seats at the counter? Dismas|^(talk) 20:49, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I know nothing of this, but two possibilities present themselves to me: 1. if I were blind, maybe I would try to smell whichever one I had first, or run my fingers over the top (salt and paper usually have different types of holes), or something else of this sort (do they sound different if you shake them?), 2. at the moment, I usually apply salt and pepper in roughly equal arbitrary amounts when I use them -- perhaps it doesn't matter much. --Fastfission 03:07, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

liberal political platform

what is the old political platform, has it changed and if so what generals ideas have changed and is there any thing else changed throw the years.

Which Liberal Party in which country are you referring to? Possibly the Liberal party of Canada? DJ Clayworth 16:52, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Or the Liberal Party of Australia. Capitalistroadster 04:14, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

"The Claddagh Boatman" poem verse

Where can one read or obtain a copy of the poem, "The Claddagh Boatman", written by Dr. Jeremiah Dowling? The poem is noted by other sources to have been published in newsprint in The NATION and The IRISH PEOPLE - perhaps anonymously at that time.

James Dowling, Michigan, USA --63.149.53.2 16:37, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I don't know by you could try Umich libraries in Ann Arbor. They have quite a collection (really, one of the largest in the US). __earth 17:07, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

UMich don't have The Irish People - well, they do, but not old enough to be the journal in question. They have a New York publication called The Nation, old enough to be our one - it's from 1865 - but I don't know if this is the relevant journal.

If he was in Ireland at the time, The Nation was an Irish journal between 1842-1897, and possibly longer; do these dates sound right? There was an Irish People printed in Dublin from 1863-65, nothing else in the right timeframe. Can't help you more without knowing when it was actually published, though... Shimgray | talk | 17:32, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Malaysia Forever by Bobby Gimby?

Hey, does anybody know the lyrics to an old song Malaysia Forever. A Google search says it's written by Bobby Gimby but I couldn't find anything more than that. Also, it seems that the song was sang in Singapore in 1963 on the day Singapore joined the Malaysian federation. Thanks. __earth 16:56, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

where can i get an interpretation of british poems?

By reading them and thinking about them. - Mgm|^(talk) 19:45, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

And yet the fate of all extremes is such,

Men may be read, as well as books, too much.

And observations which ourselves we make,

We grow more partial for th’ observer’s sake. —Alexander Pope

And by discussing them with others who are interested. Maybe even in a poetry class at school, though schools are not absolutely necessary for the understanding of poetry, except maybe for Modernist poetry (see also Modernist poetry in English). Halcatalyst 23:50, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

- On a slightly more practical note, you might findthis link useful. Filiocht | The kettle's on 11:00, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Where Is the Young Love Comic Page?

When I hit the link in the DC Comics Titles list for Young Love, I was put on a page with the details of a Janet Jackson song of the same title. Do you have a page for the comic Young Love and how would I find it?

Currently there is no article about the DC Comics title Young Love. I fixed the link on that page so that it no longer points to the Janet Jackson song, though. Thanks for pointing out the error. —Slicing (talk) 22:24, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Walter Brennan

Recently my Uncle John passed away. His nickname was Wally which he recieved from a Walter Brennan quote which went something like this, "I've been in the woods 100 times before but never this far."

I was wondering if you know what movie that quote was from, and how I could go about obtaining a recording of it.

Thank you,

Patrick Dolan

It's probably a better idea to ask at WikiQuote who specialize in these things. - Mgm|^(talk) 12:22, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

English Monarchy

In 1807 who was on the throne ? Thank you. Jim Stewart

George III was on the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Shimgray | talk | 21:08, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Homework questions from 69.183.77.61

How was the Congress of Vienna both Successful and unsuccessful?

The Congress of Vienna forced you to do your own homework. --Robert Merkel 21:55, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

What's the difference between a socialist and a Communist?

In the West, we were taught that socialism is economic and communism is political, but after the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, I got to communicate with someone who had lived under communism, who seemed to talk like socialism and communism were interchangeable words, except that the communist party and the socialist party were two different organizations with similar goals. User:AlMac|^(talk) 08:49, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Why was Nationalism an especially serious issue for the Austrian Empire?

I suggest you watch the movie The Sound of Music then ask yourself why the Captain and the family had to run away. User:AlMac|^(talk) 08:51, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Isn't that a bit cruel a punishment, even for somebody misusing the Reference Desk? --Robert Merkel 10:23, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Why did Eropean Powers turn to Imperialism as a way to expand their power?

Because everyone kept getting them mixed up with the European powers. smurrayinchester^{(User), (Ho Ho Ho!)} 16:18, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

What were the doctrines of Splendid Isolation and free trade, and why were they the basis of British 19th Century policy?

What was Romanticism, and what was its relationship to Nationalism?

What was the political/philosophical basis for Bismarck's groundbreaking social welfare programs?

Search first: there are articles on things like Romanticism, free trade, and so on. And do your own homework. --Robert Merkel 21:57, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I suggest that the next time we get a question like this we create an area of Wikipedia where we can write articles specifically for people who want us to do their homework for them. It would be very like this summary of the Lord of the Rings and we could direct people to it as required. DJ Clayworth 17:45, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

What is the term used for describing social loafing but happens when someone is in mortal danger?

Does anyone know this term? My sociology teacher wanted to know what it is and now so do I. So if anyone knows please answer this for me.

See (in french) : non assistance. Is this a related concept ? Does it help ? --Harvestman 22:52, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

As in what happened in the Kitty Genovese case? Perhaps Diffusion of Responsibility? Or maybe Bystander Intervention (or lack thereof)? Those are the headings in my psychology notes on that topic; hope it helps...

Sputnikcccp 22:56, 19 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Found this following links from the aforementioned french article : Alert Diver I Quarter - 2002

"... quatre états – le Minnesota, le Rhode Island, le Vermont et le Wisconsin – ont des lois qui font de l'assistance à une personne en danger, un devoir dans certaines situations. Toutefois, en général, ce devoir n'est pas obligatoire si la vie du secouriste est en jeu. En revanche, le Rhode Island et le Wisconsin ainsi que cinq autres états, possèdent des lois qui punissent le fait de ne pas signaler un crime grave" daneurope They say that a good samaritan law exists in some US states. Like it ? --Harvestman

Thanks guys this really helped me out.

See Bystander effect.-gadfium 00:57, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

December 20

mental health

isn't mental health really subjective? how does a mentally healthy person behave? what kind of beliefs does he/she have?

Well, it depends how you look at it. Our article on mental health discusses this a bit, though looking at the page on the anti-psychiatry movement has more on the "critique" of notions of mental health, though a more directly related topic for discussing this might be social constructionism. --Fastfission 03:02, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Mental health is as objectively definable as physical health. It means:

to think for most of your life that life is worth living and there are some things worth doing,
to have more positive than negative relationships with, and effects on, the people around you,
to avoid doing things or believing things that thwart your own intentions.

That may sound pretty simple, but real mental illnesses usually interfere with one or more of those things. The types of mental states that are controversial types of mental illness do not (like diagnosing a political opponent of the government with a mental illness solely because he speaks against the government). alteripse 11:15, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I don't get that last point; if I intended to buy something, but gave the money to charity, that doesn't make me mentally ill, even though I have thwarted my own intentions. What does it mean? smurrayinchester^{(User), (Ho Ho Ho!)} 16:14, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

There are lots of examples of self-defeating behavior that thwarts wishes: anxiety attacks or depression or delusional beliefs that keep a person from holding a job or maintaining a marriage, or succeeding in school. alteripse 23:00, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I'm no expert on the subject, but I think it would depend on whether (and how) you also intended to give the money to charity. If you wished to both buy the something and donate to charity, and made a rational choice to be altruistic, make a sacrifice this once, and give the money to charity, that would be fine. But if you found that you were constantly denying yourself anything, or living in near-poverty, out of a compulsive desire to give every penny you ever made to charity, that might well be a form of mental illness. Steve Summit (talk) 16:45, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Leonard Shoobridge

Reader Peter sent the following question about Leonard Shoobridge who had a poem included in The Book of Bodley Head Verse in 1926. What information & pics do you have on Leonard Shoobridge?

We don't have an article on him currently and a quick Google shows he co-wrote a book on Herculaneum. Capitalistroadster 04:59, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Neutral countries in World War II

What kept Hitler from invading Switzerland and Sweden? Dismas|^(talk) 06:13, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Well, the proposed Nazi invasion of Switzerland was called Operation Tannenbaum, and we have an article on it. The article implies that the reasons it didn't go ahead aren't definitively known, but it suggests the difficulty of fighting in Switzerland (mountainous terrain), and the fact that there wasn't really any military or economic advantage in it. I'd suggest that the "no advantage" reason might work for Sweden, too — Sweden provided Germany with raw materials anyway, so why waste troops fighting it? There wasn't any real reason for Hitler to bother with either Sweden or Switzerland when he had bigger things to worry about. (Although he may well have planned to invade them both later, once he had won the war.) Just my take. -- Vardion 06:54, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Hitler sez to the leader of Switzerland, "We have two divisions for every one of yours!" And the Swiss leader replies, "No problem. Each of our soldiers will shoot twice." Halcatalyst 18:30, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The vietnamese year

In Vietnam the months of the year are connected with different animals. Which animals? What do they symbolize?

The animals are the rat, the ox, the tiger, the cat, the dragon, the snake, the horse, the goat, the monkey, the rooster, the dog, and the pig. (These are almost the same as the ones in Chinese astrology, except that the Chinese have a rabbit instead of the Vietnamese cat.) I imagine that the meanings used in Vietnam would be fairly similar to the ones used in China, but I couldn't guarantee that. I would guess the months to which these animals are assigned are the traditional months of the lunisolar calendar calendar, not the modern one, but I suppose the names could have transfered to the modern months as well. -- Vardion 08:33, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Starting a Religion

I would like to know how to get my religion out to the general public, without the fear of death.(coming from a heavy religious area) If I reach others who are willing to try, I know I can make it work. So if you know how to get it out, then keep it consistant, or if the government can top me, then pleases tell me.

Hmmm. I'm tempted to ask why your omniscient God or Gods didn't bother to explain that part to you...but pardon my rudeness.

More seriously, perhaps you should look at what Falun Gong have done, or maybe the work of Ayatollah Khomeni, two examples of successfully proselytizing under threat of death. More generally, Missionary might have some useful information for you. You could also have a look at, for example, Jesus, Apostles, Gautama Buddha, Mohammed, and Joseph Smith, Jr. to borrow some ideas from your historical predecessors. --Robert Merkel 10:21, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Comment: why is it that I can give a plausible answer to a question like this, and can't help the guy working with aluminium who worries that the sparks from grinding steel might damage his work? --Robert Merkel 10:21, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

This would also depend on where you live. - Akamad 11:13, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Scientology seems to have worked surprisingly well. But if you want to have a real impact try dying for your followers and coming back to life. DJ Clayworth 17:39, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The easiest thing to do is join up with the Discordians. You could be a pope right away. Halcatalyst 18:25, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

If you're afraid of death you are probably not the best person to promote a new (or locally new) religion, at least not successfully. AllanHainey 15:53, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

crusades & the industrial revolution

i became intrested in the crusades after watchig the movie 'the kingdom of heaven' and i started reading wikipedia's article on the crusades but enventually i got it all muddled up in my mind .can u help

i wanted to make a model of the spinning jenny and a trebuchet for my school exhibition .i ve got around a month to make these models but i need to get started now so please help.

OK, my first advice is that if you are "muddled up in the mind" pick just one of the two devices or you might accidentally make a gadget that hurls bales of wool at your teacher. The two devices have little in common other than being machines. Trebuchets date back to the late Roman Empire if not earlier, while the Spinning Jenny was invented in the middle of the 18th century. Our computers arguably are closer to a spinning jenny than a trebuchet is, and so is our culture. Hint: it will be a lot easier to build a trebuchet than a spinning jenny. There was a great article on trebuchets in Scientific American a few years ago. If you are in the US, your local library probably has it. alteripse 10:56, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

religion

where is the holy grail?

Lost. Filiocht | The kettle's on 14:35, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Read The Da Vinci Code. —Keenan Pepper 16:46, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Or wait for the movie. - Akamad 06:42, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

See the Wikipedia article at Holy Grail. Halcatalyst 18:19, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Before you can find out where it is, you first need to decide for yourself if it actually exists. There's still disagreement over that. - Mgm|^(talk) 20:38, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

You also have to decide which theory you accept on WHAT it is.

There's a heretical sect believing that Jesus really had a wife and children, and the HOLY GRAIL are those descendents, who need to be protected because there is some mission they have to do, if the human race lets them survive.
There's the notion that it is some object that he used, that has mystical powers.

User:AlMac|^(talk) 10:56, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

In Castle Aaarrrgghhh on an island in a lake to be found across the Bridge of Death, which spans the Gorge of Eternal Peril. Be forewarned: its immortal guardians are possessed of fearsome taunting skills. Jwrosenzweig 23:52, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Inside a temple in the Canyon of the Crescent Moon in the deserts outside Iskenderun. Be forewarned: there are several fearsome death traps protecting the Grail (which can apparantly be bypassed using clues in the Chronicles of St Anselm). --Canley 00:33, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

In our minds! or in the Pyramid Inversee. --(Aytakin) | Talk 03:26, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

In a warehouse of mythological objects, on the shelf above Jason's Golden fleece, next to Thor's hammer. --BluePlatypus 07:47, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Found it. It was in the bottom of the kitchen dresser behind the rice. Filiocht | The kettle's on 08:49, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

self development

how do nurture the youngsters with values and not to focus them only money.? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.64.11.37 (talk • contribs)

Try letting them develop their own values. Deltabeignet 17:58, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

teach them that reason and science are good values to start with, and also a sense of humour and tolerance.

Make sure you spend with them out on family fun days and show them there's more to the world than money. Encourage artistic endeavors and let them enjoy the countryside and teach them the importance of close friends. Is this question by any chance related to the recent news report about the study that British kids find money the most important thing in life? - Mgm|^(talk) 20:41, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I think you need to decide which values you want to impart. "Not focusing on only money" is pretty vague, since there are thousands of other values you could instill, not all of them compatible with each other, and not all of them noble. (Side note: when I first typed out this comment, I wrote "install" where I meant "instill." Would that it were that easy!) Chuck 16:17, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Love

Do you guys think Love exists? or is it just something biologycal maybe? or is it something more abstract? by the way ... I 'love' all of u wikipedians :)

Love: A term which has no meaning if defined. — John Ralston Saul in The Doubter's Companion

At a biological level all feelings are simply a chemical or electrical signal, but I do think "love" exists. How much of it is biologically determined and how much is influenced by our environment, I don't know. - Mgm|^(talk) 20:42, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

You should have went to the love article ;), yes and I think it does exist, but not in a way most of us think of it

CuBiXcRaYfIsH 03:22, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Love is something... Love in reality is chemical reactions as described above, but it is also something much deeper in the soul. It is the care that we give to the one we care and cherish. It is not something we tell our girlfriends after 3 months just to get lucky, it is something we have with the one we will always care for. Okay I think I have got in touch with my feminin side for today, now lets go get some beers. hehe --(Aytakin) | Talk 03:24, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

As much as I respect Wikipedia, I have to say that if you look in an encyclopedia to find out whether or not love exists, you're probably looking for love in all the wrong places. Good luck in your search. (oh, and yes, it most definitely exists). JackofOz 03:28, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Love - Akamad 06:40, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Various mysteries in Wandering Jew article

In the section on 'The Wandering Jew in Literature' I have been trying to do some disambiguation but I simply can't find a number of the writers named despite my best Googling efforts.

Does anyone know who Koehler, Franzhorn, Oeklers, Klineman and Heller are in this context? --Spondoolicks 18:31, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

I'd suggest on a slender thread of conjecture the poet Sandra Kohler for the first name, profiled here. But I don't know that she ever wrote about the Wandering Jew. The rest are a mystery to me. Jwrosenzweig 23:46, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Update This section came from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. I checked out the online version here and tried looking up all the names. Heller is Seligmann Heller but the rest only appear in this one article. Unless of course they're normally written in a different way. --Spondoolicks 13:47, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

"Klineman" is Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann, who published a tragedy Ahasver in 1827. See [5] and de:Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann.
"Franzhorn" is probably Franz Horn, see [6] for minimal bio data.
"Koehler" is one L. Köhler (published a poem entitled "Der neue Ahasver" in 1841), see de:Ewiger Jude. Sorry, no full name for that one.
On Heller: the 1911 EB has one Sigismund Heller, too... no info found on him, though. Could that be an error in the 1911 EB?
Oeklers: no idea.

Lupo 15:58, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

- Update: "Koehler" is probably Ludwig Köhler, minimal bio data. Lupo 09:06, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Well done for finding these - I think it may have been the copy-editor's day off when that article was written in 1906! I have updated the Wandering Jew article (including Ludwig Köhler although you are not 100% sure) and translated that German article on Klingemann. It's still a bit of a hodge-podge at the moment though and should probably be re-written - perhaps with the more obscure works not being highlighted quite so much. --Spondoolicks 11:20, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Demarzo

I was looking for Renaissance and I spelled it wrong on the first attempt, I decided I would fix the incorrect spelling and stumbled onto the Francisco Demarzo , after 30 minutes of searching, I have pretty much come to the conclusion that either he didn't exist or is not notable at all. Simarly I tried to find the painting to no avail

Help would be apprearciated

CuBiXcRaYfIsH 22:23, 20 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

This article is now listed on AFD. - Mgm|^(talk) 08:50, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

December 21

Vitenam Draft Resitors

ARe there any good sources for this subject (web sources), not on Wikipedia.

You ask for sources not on Wikipedia, but I'll give you the most detailed article I could find here anyway (assuming you're talking about the US draft): Opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.-gadfium 04:59, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

History of the Bong

Hello, I am interested in adding a history section to the bong article. I've searched online and have not had very positive results. I would appreciate links to references that can answer the following questions:

Who invented the bong?
When was it invented?
When did the bong become so ubiquitous in the cannabis culture?

Thank you very much for your time. Triddle 03:40, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

The bong (as we know it) wasn't really 'invented', since it's really just a simplified Hookah (water-pipe). Nobody knows who inventor of the hookah, but it's been around for centuries. (at least 500 years) Same thing goes for the cannabis. Hashish has been used with hookah's equally long. The word for tobacco used with hookahs is 'shisha', which I think derives from 'hashisha'. So there's no exact answer to this question. As for when people started smoking cannabis in water-pipes in the western world, I'd say the 19th century, and revived during the 60s. --BluePlatypus 07:42, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

manners

why is it deemed impolite to wear a hat indoors?

This will be one of many possible origins, but I believe that it goes back to the Middle Ages. Taking off your hat while indoors was a sign of respect for the home to which you were visiting and thereby its owners. It was similar to saying "I know your house is well built and I'm in no danger of any leaks dripping on my head so I'll take off my hat." Gallaghp

Horace Mann

I am told that Horace Mann got his ideas for schooling from Prussia. I am told that Prussian compulsory universal schooling was for the purpose of producing "obedient soldiers and uncomplaining workers" If this is so I thirst for details. If not I need to make space in my understanding for more accurate info. Can you help me?

Well, if Mann himself said he was inspired by Prussia, there's no reason to doubt that. (although I'll have to plead ignorance on this point). As for the purpose of the Prussian school system, it's not really an answerable question. It's a matter of opinion and interpretation of history. Having obedient soldiers and uncomplaining workers is certainly part of the ideals of Prussia at that time, for sure. This means just about anything Prussia did could be described as a part of furthering these ideals. But that appears to be an oversimplified way of describing the motives. No doubt the economic realities of industrialization were just as important as lofty ideals. The Spartan system of Agoge may have been an influence as well. --BluePlatypus 10:00, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

cryptex

what does the cryptex mean?

Try typing "cryptex" into the search field and clicking "Go". —Keenan Pepper 08:12, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Impacts of economic activity on climate change

Methane Gas from domesticated cows farting
Commercial Jet Fuel burned at high altitude contributing to Ozone depletion.
Smog User:AlMac|^(talk) 10:58, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

More economic growth, more travel, more industrial production, more energy use. If you want to use it in your homework, go find a source that says something like that. --Robert Merkel 23:29, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

SKIRRET

I need the definition for the word "SKIRRET" as it applies to Freemasonry.

According to MasterMason.com, a skirret is a string or cord attached to a spool and a centre pin, which is used by builders to ensure a straight line. --Canley 11:47, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Blazing Saddles

When I researched for the article Moe's Southwest Grill, I only found one source to explain where the "I Said Posse" item originated from. [7] However, it is also a punchline from a dirty joke. [8] Has anyone seen Blazing Saddles to confirm? It would make sense if it did, because the majority of Moe's menu items are from TV/film. Ross Uber - Talk - Contributions - 19:39, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Presidential and VEEP Homestate Requirements

Must the President and Vice President be from different states? If so, has this always been the case? If not, was it ever so?

Thank you, Don Carter

I don't think that they must be from different states, but I do know that, according to the 12th amendment, an elector cannot vote for a Presidential candidate and a VP candidate that are both from his home state. At this website (an article from the Texas Observer) there is information about whether both Dick Cheney and George Bush are both from Texas. (It's in the next-to-last paragraph.) --Think Fast 21:37, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

If I recall correctly there was a legal challenge to Dick Cheney's residence in Wyoming at the time of the electoral college meeting in January 2001, but it was turned down. David | Talk 23:31, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

American Revolutionary War

I would like any information on the First Pennsylvania Regiment of the Continental Army including a roster of names and battles fought.

Sin and Christ

I had a question posed to me, and I am looking to you for opinion. If Christ was (and I believe that He was) both divine and human, born of the virgin, did He have the "inbred sin" attributed to Adam's race based upon this humanity?

Do you believe in original sin? --Think Fast 21:26, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

As I understand it, general Christian doctrine is that original sin decends paternally; the virgin birth then provides the original sin escape clause. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 22:00, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Actually, original sin isn't just paternal; it's a human thing. That's why the Roman Catholic Church has the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception - it's commonly misunderstood to refer to Jesus, but it's actually Mary. --George 23:28, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

IOW, Mary's immaculate conception (being conceived without original sin) made it possible for her to be the the human vessel to carry the Christ child, who did not share the "inbred sin" of Adam's race. Halcatalyst 05:15, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Original sin refers to the inability of a human being to achieve moral perfection (to carry out God's instructions or to maintain an unashamed relationship with God) by his or her own efforts. It is one of the most fundamental insights of Christianity into human nature and dates back to the early centuries of the church. Orthodox Christian doctrine since the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and the settlement of the Arian controversy is that Jesus was of the same substance as the Father and by that definition (as an aspect of God) did not have the characteristic of original sin that the rest of the human race has. The immaculate conception has nothing to do with the issue of Christ's capability of sin and is largely an aspect of 19th century Roman Catholic Mariolatry. alteripse 01:04, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

"Roman Catholic Mariolatry" -- not exactly NPOV. Halcatalyst 05:15, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Thanksgiving Day Observed

Because the actual date of the first Thanksgiving Day is unremembered, modern observance of the fourth Thursday in November has been chosen.

Why was the fourth Thursday in November chosen?

How often does November contain five Thursdays?

See Thanksgiving -- it discusses the fourth Thursday issue rather completely. As to how often November has five Thursdays, let's see. Thirty days has...ok, November has 30 days, so for there to be five Thurdays, the 29th or the 30th has to fall on a Thursday, so the month has to start on a Wednesday or a Thursday, making a fifth Thursday on either the 30th or 29th respectively. So approximately (though not exactly), 2 out of 7 years has five Xdays, no matter what X is. --jpgordon ∇∆∇∆ 22:10, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

As to the exact answer, the Gregorian calendar happens to repeat with a 400-year pattern (because there are 97 leap years in every 400 years, and 365x400+97 happens to be a multiple of 7, the number of days in a week). In this 400-year cycle it happens that November starts on Monday or Wednesday 56 times each; on Friday or Saturday 57 times each; and on Sunday, Tuesday, or Thursday 58 times each. (Easily computed by running a program such as "cal" on UNIX, on the years 2001 to 2400.) So there are 56+58 = 114 Novembers with 5 Thursdays: that is, it happens 57/200 of the time. --Anonymous, 07:18 UTC, December 22, 2005

hi!

i have heard this statement somewhere " if u think that education is expensive, try Ignorance" can you please explain me what does it mean? Thanks!

I've always understood it to mean two things. First that if you are ignorant then people can more easily take advantage of you. And secondly that with education usually comes a better paying job. Dismas|^(talk) 21:57, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

language

which one is oldest language, French or English?

There isn't really a set date when you can say "This is when English was created," so it's difficult to say. French is a Romantic language (originating from Roman Latin) while English is a hodgepodge of German, Anglo-Saxon, Spanish (another Romantic language), etc. Ross Uber - Talk - Contributions - 22:41, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

English went through a major transition between Chaucer (ca 1390) and Shakespeare (ca 1600). As a result, Chaucer's Middle English is almost a foreign language to many native English speakers, while Shakespeare's Early Modern English is much more accessible. In graduate school I actually found the contemporary French sources for some of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales easier to read than Middle English. "Old French" was easier to understand than the beginnings of my native tongue. So I could make the argument that English is"older" than French. But I won't. Halcatalyst 05:07, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Environmental Racism - Transporting of toxic waste through US Urban Centers

Good Evening,

I am in the process of researching two topics that refer to Environmental Racism (it is for a paper). In particular, I am most interested in the transportation of toxic waste material through minority (Black) neighborhoods and the impacts of lead poisoning in urban centers. I am also looking into the remedies for these areas (for example legal cases, community solutions and governmental action, etc.) I am focusing primarly on the urban centers of the United States. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you

Anna Ellis-Muhammad 22:55, 21 December 2005 (UTC)~~

Kevin Drum, the resident blogger at the Washington Monthly, has posted on several occasions on lead poisoning related issues; use Google's advanced search to get them. I'd also have a poke around using Technorati's blog search and see who if there's any other bloggers who post regularly on the topic (a quick search suggests there are a number).

I presume you've also done some searching with LexisNexis and some basic googling, which seems to turn up a number of useful links straight away on lead poisoning.

With regards to the transportation of toxic waste through black neighbourhoods, one thing to consider is whether this actually has any health impacts - there's no doubt that lead poisoning is damaging a lot of kids; I'm not so sure about waste in sealed containers. In any case, some of the research tools I've suggested will probably turn up all manner of useful sources.

Good luck with your project. --Robert Merkel 23:27, 21 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Anectdotal memories from reading stuff about this kind of topic over the years, but not remembering which sources.

The actual transport is not the main problem, because very little leaks ... the huge disasters of this kind are typically when a railroad car derailment is carrying dangerous stuff, and they have to evacuate a goodly distance around, and this could be anywhere when it hits.
The high risk is the stuff that is there in the neighborhood all the time.
- Do you know how come New Orleans got contaminated in aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the flooding. It was not the transport, but the storage, of chemical facilities getting flooded, the sewage disposal getting flooded, etc. etc.
- There was something similar in New York after the WTC came down ... asbestos dust in the air, to be breathed by people in the neighborhood.
Poor neighborhoods tend to have older buildings, which tend to have environmental hazards not found in newer buildings.
- Lead based paint, peeling off walls. Little children put stuff in their mouths.
- Asbestos
There is also an issue with respect to where high power electrical lines go. There is allegedly some health hazards associated with living in close proximity to them, or having schools for young children, or day care centers where children spend a lot of time each day in close proximity.
Stuff becomes secret or confidential if it is involved in a law suit, or some interests lobby the government. Often some settlement is to pay off litigants provided they promise to keep their mouths shut. It can be very expensive for people to get legal representation and research claims, so many people not even try it.
Radioactive waste is being transported to Yucca Mountain to be buried underground. Some scientists say that it has not been proven that this is safe. Alleged risks associated with earthquake, comparable to if a tornado hits a nuclear power plant. Also issues about storing too close together and need to inspect for leaks. I not know enough science to know how legitimate this is. Due to fear of terrorism, where this stuff gets trucked through which neighborhoods is national secret. I have not yet heard if there have been any spills of that in transit.

User:AlMac|^(talk) 10:08, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

December 22

What ever happen to?

picie straws and rootbeer koolaid

You can still buy Pixie Straws at stores that specialize in old-fashioned candies. Zoe (00:38, 22 December 2005 (UTC))

Dalrymple Arbuthnot

"Baronet of Edinburgh"? Do Baronets have territorial titles? Zoe (216.234.130.130 00:38, 22 December 2005 (UTC))[reply]

List of Baronetcies - looks like it. This seems to be the specific Baronetcy. I get the impression it's very rarely used, though... Whitaker's doesn't mention it. I don't have anything like a Debrett's or DNB to hand to check, but someone on one of the relevant WikiProjects probably does. Shimgray | talk | 01:25, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]
This and this suggest that, as far as I can tell, he's not (Arbuthnot, (Baronet of Edinburgh)), but (Baronet (Arbuthnot of Edinburgh)), if that makes sense. Shimgray | talk | 01:35, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]
- Thanks, Shimgray. Using "Baronet" in front of the name is very rare, isn't it? User:Zoe|^(talk) 04:07, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]
  - You usually see it just as Bt after the name. For Trivia's sake, it might as well be noted that his title is actually not Baronet Arbuthnot of Edinburgh: he (like all other baronets) is simply "Baronet Lastname", with a disambiguating location tacked on: properly, there should be a comma between the Lastname and the "of God-Knows-Where" as a sort of recognition that the title ends at the comma, so that our titular friend is properly "Sir Dalrymple Arbuthnot, Bt, of Edinburgh", or "Sir Dalrymple Arbuthnot, Bart, of Edinburgh". - Nunh-huh 06:50, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

wall surrounding pyramid

Does anyone know what the thirty-foot wall surrounding the base of the great pyramid is called? Thank you very much.

Jack Lord

Question;, Did the Actor Jack Lord wear a wig or hairpiece?

Not according to this site. Dismas|^(talk) 09:18, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

islam-christian dogma

22-12-05. As a Christian in Australia I would hope that well informed Muslims and Christian should have an intellectual look at each others beliefs. For example most Christians acknowledge the Nicene Creed and most Muslims have the Koran.l How about some dialogue about -GOD-ALLAH] How much do we hold in common? THE ONE GOD

The Reference Desk is not a general discussion forum. Unless you have a specific question, please take your theological debate somewhere else. —Keenan Pepper 06:15, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

If you google islam christianity similarities you will get a whole bunch of links. It seems similarities between the two are common. - User:Akamad ^{Merry Christmas to all!} 07:33, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Bold textLines of Chatalja I want to know what and where these lines of Chatalja.

LINES OF CHATALJA

I am a student of history and I am in a fix about the location of the Lines of Chatalja. i wonder if you can tell me what and where these lines of Chatalja are.

They are near Istanbul. Filiocht | The kettle's on 11:42, 22 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Revision as of 11:24, 22 December 2005 edit 202.84.247.252 (talk) LINES OF CHATALJA ← Previous edit		Revision as of 11:42, 22 December 2005 edit undo Filiocht (talk \| contribs) 9,907 edits →LINES OF CHATALJA Next edit →
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	I am a student of history and I am in a fix about the location of the Lines of Chatalja. i wonder if you can tell me what and where these lines of Chatalja are.		I am a student of history and I am in a fix about the location of the Lines of Chatalja. i wonder if you can tell me what and where these lines of Chatalja are.

			:They are near [[Istanbul]]. [[User:Filiocht\|Filiocht]] \| [[User talk:Filiocht\|The kettle's on]] 11:42, 22 December 2005 (UTC)