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{{Infobox settlement
|name = Dubai
|official_name = Emirate of Dubai
|native_name = إمارة دبيّ
|settlement_type = [[Emirate]]
|translit_lang1_type = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
|translit_lang1_info = دبي
|image_skyline =Dubai Montage.png|350px
|image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Jumeirah|Jumeirah Mosque]], [[Palm Jumeirah]], [[Etisalat Tower 2]], [[Jumeirah Beach Residence]], [[American University in Dubai]], [[Burj Al Arab]] & [[Sheikh Zayed Road]].
|image_flag = Flag of Dubai.svg
|pushpin_map = UAE
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dubai in the UAE
|pushpin_mapsize = 280
|image_map1 = LocationUnitedArabEmirates.png
|seat = Dubai
|government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]]<ref name=constmonarchy>{{Cite web |title=UAE Constitution |url=http://www.helplinelaw.com/law/uae/constitution/constitution01.php |publisher=Helplinelaw.com |accessdate=2008-07-21}}</ref>
|subdivision_type1 = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[United Arab Emirates]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Emirate]]
|subdivision_name2 = Dubai
|parts_type = Subdivisions
|parts = [[Town]]s and [[villages]]
|p1 = [[Jebel Ali]]
|p2 = [[Hatta, United Arab Emirates|Hatta]]
|p3 = Al Hunaiwah
|p4 = [[Al Aweer]]
|p5 = Al Hajarain
|p6 = Al Lusayli
|p7 = Al Marqab
|p8 = Al Faq
|p9 = Hail
|p10 = Al Sufari
|p11 = Ud al-Bayda
|p12 = Al Malaiha
|p13 = Al Madam
|p14 = Margham
|p15 = Urqub Juwayza
|p16 = Al Qima
|leader_title = [[Emir]]
|leader_name = [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]
|leader_title1 = [[Crown Prince]]
|leader_name1 = [[Hamdan Bin Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum|Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]
|established_title1 = Incorporated (town)
|established_date1 = 9 June 1833
|independence_from_[[United Kingdom]]=2 December 1971
|established_date2 = 2 December 1971
|founder = [[Al Maktoum|Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail]] (1833)
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 4114
|area_metro_km2 = 1287.4
|area_footnotes = <ref>Area of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|"Dubai emirate"]], includes artificial islands.</ref>
|population_as_of = 2008
|population_metro = 2262000
|population_total = 2262000
|population_density_km2 = 408.18
|population_density_sq_mi =97
|population_footnotes = <ref>[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1202591657&men=gpro&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=414995533&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-267 "Dubai: Profile of geographical entity including name variants]. World Gazetteer. </ref>
|population_blank1_title = Nationality&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:80%;">(2005)<ref name=GUM>{{cite web |url=http://www.gstudynet.org/gum/UAE/Dubai2005.htm |title=Dubai Metropolitan Statistical Area |accessdate=2009-04-07}}</ref></span>
|population_blank1 = 26.1% [[Arab people|Arab]] (of whom 17% are [[Emirati people|Emirati]]) <br /> 42.3% [[India]]n <br /> 13.3% [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] <br /> 7.5% [[Bangladesh]]i <br /> 2.5% [[Filipino people|Filipino]] <br /> 1.5% [[Sri Lanka]]n <br /> 0.9% [[Europe]]an <br /> 0.3% [[United States|American]] <br /> 5.7% other countries
|utc_offset = +4
|timezone = UAE standard time
|latd=25 |latm=15 |lats=00 |latNS=N
|longd=55 |longm=18 |longs=00 |longEW=E
|website = <br />[http://www.dubai.ae/v7/en.portal Dubai Emirate]<br />[http://www.dm.gov.ae/wps/portal/MyHomeEn Dubai Municipality]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Dubai''' (in {{lang-ar| '''دبيّ'''}}, {{transl|ar|'''Dubayy'''}}) is one of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|the seven emirates]] and the most populous state of the [[United Arab Emirates]] (UAE). It is located along the southern coast of the [[Persian Gulf]] on the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. The [[Dubai Municipality]] is sometimes called ''Dubai state'' to distinguish it from the emirate. It is not a city.

Written accounts document the existence of the city for at least 150 years prior to the formation of the UAE. [[law|Legal]], [[politics|political]], [[military]] and [[economy|economic]] functions with the other emirates within a [[Federation|federal]] framework, although each emirate has jurisdiction over some functions such as civic law enforcement and provision and upkeep of local facilities. Dubai has the largest population and is the second largest emirate by area, after [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref name=dxbpopulation>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-12&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&va=&pt=a |title=United Arab Emirates: metropolitan areas |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to possess [[veto]] power over critical matters of national importance in the country's [[Federal National Council|legislature]].<ref name=dxbshj>The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. D Long, B Reich. p.157</ref> Dubai has been ruled by the [[Al Maktoum]] dynasty since 1833. Dubai's current ruler, [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], is also the Prime Minister and Vice President of the UAE.

The emirate's main revenues are from [[Tourism in Dubai|tourism]], [[real estate]] and [[financial services]].<ref name=ecosector>[http://www.dhcc.ae/Admin/Content/File/Documents/Dubai_Economic_Profile.pdf An Economic Profile of Dubai] Dubai Healthcare City. 2000</ref> Although Dubai's economy was originally built on the back of the [[oil industry]],<ref name=oilgas2 /> revenues from [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] currently contribute less than 6% (2006)<ref name=oilrev>[http://www.ameinfo.com/122863.html Oil share dips in Dubai GDP] ''[[AMEInfo]]'' (9 June 2007) Retrieved on 15 October 2007.</ref> of the emirate's [[United States Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;37 billion economy (2005).<ref name="ArBusEcon">[http://www.arabianbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7297:dubai-economy-set-to-treble-by-2015&Itemid=1 Dubai economy set to treble by 2015] ''ArabianBusiness.com'' (3 February 2007) Retrieved on 15 October 2007.</ref> Real estate and construction, on the other hand, contributed 22.6% to the economy in 2005, before the current large-scale construction boom.<ref name="Ddooo">{{Cite web |title=Dubai diversifies out of oil |url=http://www.ameinfo.com/66981.html |publisher=''[[AMEInfo]]'' |date=2005-09-07 |accessdate=2008-08-12}}</ref> Dubai has attracted attention through its real estate projects <ref name=freehold>{{cite web|url=http://www.startpagedubai.com/maps/Dubai-map-Freehold-Developments-large.htm |title=Dubai map with upcoming freehold developments |publisher=Startpagedubai.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> and sports events. This increased attention, coinciding with its emergence as a [[Global City]]<ref name=foreignpolicy>The 2008 Global Cities Index [http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4509&page=1]. Foreign Policy. Retrieved July 11, 2009.</ref> and business hub, has highlighted [[labor rights|labour]] and [[human rights]] issues concerning its largely South Asian workforce.<ref>[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]] (2006) [http://newleftreview.org/?page=article&view=2635 Fear and Money in Dubai], ''[[New Left Review]]'' 41, pp. 47-68</ref>

== Etymology ==
In the 1820s, Dubai was referred to as ''[[Al Wasl]]'' by [[British people|British]] historians. However, few records pertaining to the cultural history of the UAE or its constituent [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|emirates]] exist due to the region's oral traditions in recording and passing down [[folklore]] and [[myth]]. The linguistic origins of the word ''Dubai'' are also in dispute, as some believe it to have originated from [[Persian language|Persian]], while some believe that [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is the linguistic root of the word. According to Fedel Handhal, researcher in the history and culture of the UAE, the word ''Dubai'' may have come from the word ''Daba'' (a derivative of ''Yadub''), which means ''to creep''; the word may be a reference to the flow of [[Dubai Creek]] inland, while the poet and scholar Ahmad Mohammad Obaid traces it through the same word, but in its meaning of ''[[locust]]'' <ref name=etymology2>[http://www.the-emirates.com/docs/How_did_Dubai,_Abu_Dhabi_and_other_cities_get_their_names?_Experts_reveal_all/24335.htm How did Dubai, Abu Dhabi and other cities get their names? Experts reveal all]. UAEInteract.com. 10 March 2007</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Dubai}}

[[File:AlRas Deira Mid1960s.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The [[Al Ras]] district in [[Deira (Dubai)|Deira]], Dubai in the 1960s.]]
Very little is known about [[pre-Islamic Arabia|pre-Islam]]ic culture in the south-east Arabian peninsula, except that many ancient towns in the area were trading centers between the [[Eastern world|Eastern]] and [[Western world]]s. The remnants of an ancient [[mangrove swamp]], dated at 7,000 years, were discovered during the construction of sewer lines near [[Dubai Internet City]]. The area had been covered with sand about 5,000 years ago as the coastline retreated inland, becoming a part of the city's present coastline.<ref name=hist_trad>{{cite web|url=http://uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf_2006/English_2006/eyb4.pdf |title=030_hist_trad06_amend |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> Prior to [[Islam]], the people in this region worshiped ''[[Bajir]]'' (or ''Bajar'').<ref name=preislam>{{cite web|url=http://etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07012004-113622/unrestricted/02CHAPTER2.pdf |title=CHAPTER 2: HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE UAE |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> The [[Byzantine]] and [[Sassanian]] empires constituted the great powers of the period, with the Sassanians controlling much of the region. After the spread of Islam in the region, the [[Umayyad]] [[Caliph]], of the eastern Islamic world, invaded south-east [[Arabia]] and drove out the Sassanians. Excavations undertaken by the [[Dubai Museum]] in the region of ''Al-Jumayra'' ([[Jumeirah]]) indicate the existence of several artifacts from the Umayyad period.<ref name=balbi>[http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/03.pdf The Coming of Islam and the Islamic Period in the UAE]. King, Geoffrey R. </ref> The earliest recorded mention of Dubai is in 1095, in the "Book of Geography" by the [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]]-Arab [[geographer]] [[Abu Abdullah al-Bakri]]. The [[Venice|Venetian]] [[pearl]] merchant Gaspero Balbi visited the area in 1580 and mentioned Dubai (''Dibei'') for its [[Pearl hunting|pearling]] industry.<ref name=balbi /> Documented records of the ''town'' of Dubai exist only after 1799.<ref name=dubaienv>[http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:KcJGC0pgYMIJ:webhost.bridgew.edu/dleuenberger/student/Sustainability-Dubai%26Hawaii.pdf&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=42&gl=us Economic and Environmental Impacts of tourism on Dubai and Hawaii]. McEachern, Nadeau, et al.</ref>

In the early 19th century, the Al Abu Falasa clan ([[House of Al-Falasi]]) of [[Bani Yas]] clan established Dubai, which remained a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833.<ref name=loc>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf |title=United Arab Emirates |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> On 8 January 1820, the [[sheikh]] of Dubai and other sheikhs in the region signed the "General Maritime Peace Treaty" with the British government.<ref name=hist_trad /> However, in 1833, the Al Maktoum dynasty (also descendants of the [[House of Al-Falasi]]) of the Bani Yas tribe left the settlement of Abu Dhabi and took over Dubai from the Abu Fasala clan without resistance.<ref name=loc /> Dubai came under the protection of the United Kingdom by the "Exclusive Agreement" of 1892, with the latter agreeing to protect Dubai against any attacks from the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=loc /> Two catastrophes struck the town during the 1800s. First, in 1841, a [[smallpox]] epidemic broke out in the [[Bur Dubai]] locality, forcing residents to relocate east to [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]]. Then, in 1894, fire swept through Deira, burning down most homes.<ref name=hist_karim>{{cite web|url=http://www.alshindagah.com/september99/architecture.htm |title=Modernity and tradition in Dubai architecture. Karim, Luiza |publisher=Alshindagah.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> However, the town's geographical location continued to attract traders and merchants from around the region. The emir of Dubai was keen to attract foreign traders and lowered trade tax brackets, which lured traders away from Sharjah and [[Bandar Lengeh]], which were the region's main trade hubs at the time.<ref name=hist_karim /><ref name=asianaffairs>Davidson, Christopher, ''The Emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai: Contrasting Roles in the International System''. March 2007.</ref>

[[File:Al Fahidi Fort.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Al Fahidi Fort, built in 1799, is the oldest existing building in Dubai &ndash; now part of the [[Dubai Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The old...turned new |url=http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/01/10/25/30288.html |publisher=''[[Gulf News]]'' |date=2001-10-25 |accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref>]]
[[File:Windtower Heritage Village Dubai March 2008.JPG|thumb|right|[[Wind Tower]]s in Dubai]]

Dubai's geographical proximity to India made it an important location. The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen, chiefly those from India, many of whom eventually settled in the town. Dubai was known for its pearl exports until the 1930s. However, Dubai's pearling industry was damaged irreparably by the events of [[World War I]], and later on by the [[Great Depression]] in the late 1920s. Consequently, the city witnessed a mass migration of people to other parts of the Persian Gulf.<ref name=hist_trad /> Since its inception, Dubai was constantly at odds with Abu Dhabi. In 1947, a border dispute between Dubai and Abu Dhabi on the northern sector of their mutual border, escalated into war between the two states.<ref name=dxbadconflict>[http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/Leafcopy/575-9.html The UAE: Internal Boundaries And The Boundary With Oman]. Archived Editions. Walker, J. </ref> [[Arbitration]] by the British and the creation of a buffer frontier running south eastwards from the coast at Ras Hasian resulted in a temporary cessation of hostilities.<ref
name=rashasian>The Middle East and North Africa. Schofield, C. p 175</ref>

However, border disputes between the emirates continued even after the formation of the UAE; it was only in 1979 that a formal compromise was reached that ended hostilities and border disputes between the two states.<ref name=lonelyplanet>Dubai. Carter, T and Dunston, L. <u>Lonely Planet Publications</u></ref> Electricity, telephone services and an airport were established in Dubai in the 1950s, when the British moved their local administrative offices from [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]] to Dubai.<ref name=jstordubai>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7428%28198907%2979%3A3%3C345%3ADC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 Dubai City]. Melamid, Alexander. Jul 1989</ref> In 1966 the town joined the newly independent country of [[Qatar]] to set up a new monetary unit, the [[Qatari riyal|Qatar/Dubai Riyal]], after the [[devaluation]] of the [[Gulf rupee|Persian Gulf rupee]].<ref name="dubaienv"/> Oil was discovered in Dubai the same year, after which the town granted concessions to international oil companies. The discovery of oil led to a massive influx of foreign workers, mainly Indians and Pakistanis. As a result, the population of the city from 1968 to 1975 grew by over 300%, by some estimates.<ref name=pop7>{{cite web|url=http://www.ite.org/traffic/documents/AB00H5001.pdf |title=Historic population statistics |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref>

On 2 December 1971 Dubai, together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates, formed the United Arab Emirates after former protector Britain left the [[Persian Gulf]] in 1971.<ref name=nyt1971>"Six Persian Gulf Emirates Agree to a Federation". <u>New York Times</u>. Jul 19, 1971. pg. 4</ref> In 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a uniform [[currency]]: the UAE [[United Arab Emirates Dirham|dirham]]. In the 1970s, Dubai continued to grow from revenues generated from oil and trade, even as the city saw an influx of [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] immigrants fleeing the [[Lebanese civil war|civil war]] in [[Lebanon]].<ref name=nyt2>"Beirut Showing Signs of Recovery From Wounds of War". <u>New York Times</u>. 26 May 1977. pg.2</ref> The [[Jebel Ali]] port (reputedly the world's largest man made port) was established in 1979. Jafza ([[Jebel Ali Free Zone]]) was built around the port in 1985 to provide foreign companies unrestricted import of labour and export capital.<ref name=UAEFreeZones>[http://www.uaefreezones.com/fz_jebel_ali.html]. <U>UAEFreeZones.com</u>. </ref>

The [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] of 1990 had a huge impact on the city. Economically, Dubai banks experienced a massive withdrawal of funds due to uncertain political conditions in the region. During the course of the 1990s, however, many foreign trading communities &mdash; first from [[Kuwait]], during the Persian Gulf War, and later from [[Bahrain]], during the [[Shia]] unrest, moved their businesses to Dubai.<ref name="asianaffairs"/> Dubai provided refueling bases to [[allied forces]] at the Jebel Ali free zone during the Persian Gulf War, and again, during the [[2003 Invasion of Iraq]]. Large increases in oil prices after the Persian Gulf War encouraged Dubai to continue to focus on free trade and tourism.<ref name=propertyfront>{{cite web|url=http://www.propertyfrontiers.com/pdfs/dubaireport.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - DUBAI FOCUS.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> The success of the Jebel Ali free zone allowed the city to replicate its model to develop clusters of new free zones, including [[Dubai Internet City]], [[Dubai Media City]] and Dubai Maritime City. The construction of [[Burj Al Arab]], the world's tallest freestanding hotel, as well as the creation of new residential developments, were used to market Dubai for purposes of tourism. Since 2002, the city has seen an increase in private real estate investment in recreating Dubai's skyline<ref name=propertyfront /> with such projects as [[The Palm Islands]], [[The World Islands]], [[Burj Dubai]] and [[Dynamic Tower|The Dynamic Tower]]. However, robust economic growth in recent years has been accompanied by rising [[inflation]] rates (at 11.2% as of 2007 when measured against [[Consumer Price Index]]) which is attributed in part due to the near doubling of commercial and residential rental costs, resulting in a substantial increase in the [[cost of living]] for residents.<ref name=kuwaittimes>[http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=NDI4Mzk1MzI0 Robust growth poses threat of inflation to high-flying Dubai]. <U>Kuwait Times</u>. Mar. 8, 2007</ref>

== Geography ==
{{main|Geography of the United Arab Emirates}}
[[Image:Dubai map city.svg|thumb|City level map of Dubai.]]
[[Image:City of Dubai at Night, United Arab Emirates.jpg|thumb|City of Dubai at night, from space.]]

Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates and is roughly at [[sea level]] ({{convert|16|m|abbr=on|disp=s}} above). The emirate of Dubai shares borders with Abu Dhabi in the south, [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]] in the northeast, and the [[Sultanate of Oman]] in the southeast. [[Hatta, United Arab Emirates|Hatta]], a minor [[exclave]] of the emirate, is surrounded on three sides by Oman and by the emirates of [[Ajman]] (in the west) and [[Ras Al Khaimah]] (in the north). The Persian Gulf borders the western coast of the emirate. Dubai is positioned at {{coord|25.2697|N|55.3095|E|}} and covers an area of 4,114&nbsp;km² (1,588 mi²).

Dubai lies directly within the [[Arabian Desert]]. However, the [[topography]] of Dubai is significantly different from that of the southern portion of the UAE in that much of Dubai's landscape is highlighted by sandy desert patterns, while gravel deserts dominate much of the southern region of the country.<ref name=geo1>[http://uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/14.pdf Environmental Development and Protection in the UAE]. Aspinall, Simon</ref> The sand consists mostly of crushed shell and [[coral]] and is fine, clean and white. East of the city, the salt-crusted coastal plains, known as ''sabkha'', give way to a north-south running line of dunes. Farther east, the dunes grow larger and are tinged red with [[iron oxide]].<ref name=pop7 /> The flat sandy desert gives way to the Western Hajar Mountains, which run alongside Dubai's border with Oman at Hatta. The Western Hajar chain has an [[arid]], jagged and shattered landscape, whose mountains rise to about 1,300 meters in some places. Dubai has no natural river bodies or [[oases]]; however, Dubai does have a natural inlet, [[Dubai Creek]], which has been dredged to make it deep enough for large vessels to pass through. Dubai also has multiple [[gorge]]s and [[waterhole]]s which dot the base of the Western Al Hajar mountains. A vast sea of sand dunes covers much of southern Dubai, and eventually leads into the desert known as [[The Empty Quarter]]. [[Seismic]]ally, Dubai is in a very stable zone &mdash; the nearest seismic fault line, the ''Zargos Fault'', is 120&nbsp;km from the UAE and is unlikely to have any seismic impact on Dubai.<ref name=seismic>[http://uaeinteract.com/news/default.asp?ID=51 Earthquake risk in Dubai 'lower ]than that of London']. UAEInteract.com</ref> Experts also predict that the possibility of a [[tsunami]] in the region is also minimal because the Persian Gulf waters are not deep enough to trigger a tsunami.<ref name=seismic />

The sandy desert surrounding the city supports [[grass|wild grass]]es and occasional [[date palm]] trees. Desert [[hyacinth]]s grow in the ''sabkha'' plains east of the city, while [[acacia]] and [[prosopis cineraria|ghaf]] trees grow in the flat plains within the proximity of the Western Al Hajar mountains. Several indigenous trees such as the date palm and [[neem]] as well as imported trees like the [[eucalypts]] grow in Dubai's natural parks. The houbara [[bustard]], striped [[hyena]], [[caracal]], [[desert fox]], [[falcon]] and [[Arabian oryx]] are common in Dubai's desert. Dubai is on the migration path between [[Europe]], Asia and Africa, and more than 320 migratory bird species pass through the emirate in spring and autumn. The waters of Dubai are home to more than 300 species of fish, including the [[hammour]].

[[Dubai Creek]] runs northeast-southwest through the city. The eastern section of the city forms the locality of [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]] and is flanked by the emirate of [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]] in the east and the town of [[Al Aweer]] in the south. The [[Dubai International Airport]] is located south of Deira, while the [[Palm Deira#The Palm, Deira|Palm Deira]] is located north of Deira in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Much of Dubai's real-estate boom is concentrated to the west of the Dubai Creek, on the [[Jumeirah]] coastal belt. [[Port Rashid]], [[Jebel Ali]], [[Burj Al Arab]], the [[Palm Jumeirah]] and theme-based free-zone clusters such as [[Business Bay]] are all located in this section. Five main routes &mdash; [[E 11]] (Sheikh Zayed Road), [[E 311]] (Emirates Road), [[E 44]] (Dubai-Hatta Highway), [[E 77]] (Dubai-Al Habab Road) and [[E 66]] (Oud Metha Road) &mdash; run through Dubai, connecting the city to other towns and emirates. Additionally, several important intra-city routes, such as [[D 89]] (Al Maktoum Road/Airport Road), [[D 85]] (Baniyas Road), [[D 75]] (Sheikh Rashid Road), [[D 73]] (Al Dhiyafa Road), [[D 94]] (Jumeirah Road) and [[D 92]] (Al Khaleej/Al Wasl Road) connect the various localities in the city. The eastern and western sections of the city are connected by [[Al Maktoum Bridge]], [[Al Garhoud Bridge]], [[Al Shindagha Tunnel]], [[Business Bay Crossing]] and [[Floating Bridge, Dubai|Floating Bridge]].

===Climate===
Dubai has a hot [[arid climate]]. Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, with an average high around 40 °C and overnight lows around 30 °C. Sunny days can be expected throughout the year. Winters are warm and short with an average high of 23 °C and overnight lows of 14 °C.

{{Dubai weatherbox}}

== Governance and politics ==
{{Main|Politics of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:Dubai Municipality on 31 May 2007.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Dubai Municipality]] building across the [[Dubai Creek|creek]] in [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]]]]
[[File:Dubai constr workers.jpg|thumb|200px|Dubai has approximately 250,000 [[labourers]], mostly [[South Asia]]n, working for less than US$10 a day on [[real estate]] development projects such as the [[Dubai Marina]]]]
Dubai's government operates within the framework of a [[constitutional monarchy]], and has been ruled by the [[Al Maktoum]] family since 1833. The current ruler, [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], is also the Prime Minister of the [[United Arab Emirates]] and member of the Supreme Council of the Union (SCU). Dubai appoints 8 members in two-term periods to the [[Federal National Council]] (FNC) of the UAE, the supreme federal [[legislature|legislative]] body.<ref name=uaegovt>[http://countrystudies.us/persian-gulf-states/90.htm Executive and Legislative Branches]. US Library of Congress</ref> The [[Dubai Municipality]] (DM) was established by the then ruler of Dubai, [[Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum]] in 1954 for purposes of city planning, citizen services and upkeep of local facilities.<ref name=dmhistory>[http://emp.dm.gov.ae/wps/wcm/connect/e38aad004410d834bdd1bfd6bee7af10/OrganizationalChart.pdf?MOD=AJPERES Organizational Chart]. Dubai Municipality</ref> DM is chaired by [[Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], deputy ruler of Dubai and comprises several departments such as the Roads Department, Planning and Survey Department, Environment and Public Health Department and Financial Affairs Department. In 2001, Dubai Municipality embarked on an [[e-Government]] project with the intention of providing 40 of its city services through its [[web portal]] (Dubai.ae). Thirteen such services were launched by October 2001, while several other services were expected to be operational in the future.

Dubai and [[Ras al Khaimah]] are the only emirates that do not conform to the federal [[judicial system]] of the United Arab Emirates. The emirate's judicial courts comprise the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Cassation. The Court of First Instance consists of the Civil court, which hears all civil claims; the Criminal Court, which hears claims originating from police complaints; and [[Sharia law|Sharia Court]], which is responsible for matters between [[Muslims]]. Non-Muslims do not appear before the Sharia Court. The Court of Cassation is the [[supreme court]] of the emirate and hears disputes on matters of law only. <ref name=judicial>[http://dubai.usconsulate.gov/dubai/The_UAE_Court_System.html The UAE Court System]. Consulate of the United States. </ref> The [[Dubai Police Force]], founded in 1956 in the locality of [[Naif]], has law enforcement [[jurisdiction]] over the emirate; the force is under direct command of Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai. Dubai Municipality is also in charge of the city's sanitation and sewage infrastructure. The city's rapid growth has resulted in its limited sewage treatment infrastructure’s being [[Sanitation in Dubai|stretched to its limits]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Wheeler |first=Julia |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7663883.stm |title=Raw sewage threat to booming Dubai |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-10-13 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref>

Article 25 of the [[Constitution of the United Arab Emirates|Constitution of the UAE]] provides for the equitable treatment of persons with regard to [[race (classification of human beings)|race]], [[nationality]], [[religious beliefs]] or [[social status]]. However, many of Dubai's 250,000 foreign laborers live in conditions described by [[Human Rights Watch]] as being "less than human."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/uae1106/ |title=Human Rights Watch - Building Towers, Cheating Workers: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the United Arab Emirates |publisher=Hrw.org |date=2006-11-11 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/uae1106/uae1106web.pdf |title=Human Rights Watch - Building Towers, Cheating Workers: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the United Arab Emirates - PDF |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref><ref name=hrw>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4861540.stm |title=UAE to Allow Construction Unions |publisher=BBC News |date=2006-03-30 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref><ref name="dubaifire">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6277613.stm |title=Dubai Fire Investigation Launched |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-19 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> [[NPR]] reports that workers "typically live eight to a room, sending home a portion of their salary to their families, whom they don't see for years at a time." On [[21 March]] [[2006]], workers at the construction site of [[Burj Dubai]], upset over bus timings and working conditions, rioted: damaging cars, offices, computers, and construction tools.<ref>[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2006/March/theuae_March745.xml&section=theuae Labour unrest hampers Burj Dubai work] Khaleej Times (AP report), 22 March 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2006/March/theuae_March779.xml&section=theuae&col= "Burj Dubai workers who protested may be sued"] Khaleej Times, 24 March 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.gulfnews.com/indepth/labour/index.html LABOUR IN THE UAE] Gulf News articles on Labour Law in the UAE, protests, etc</ref> The global financial crisis has caused the working class of Dubai to be especially hard hit, with many workers not being paid but also being unable to leave the country. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/johann-hari/the-dark-side-of-dubai-1664368.html |title="The dark side of Dubai" |publisher=Independent.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref>
[[Image:Dubai Cop Car.JPG|thumb|Dubai Police on a BMW Sedan]]

Judicial rulings in Dubai with regard to foreign nationals were brought to light by the alleged attempts to cover up information on the rape of Alexandre Robert, a 15-year-old French-Swiss national, by three locals -- one of whom was HIV positive[49] -- and by the recent mass imprisonment of migrant laborers -- most of whom were from India -- on account of their protests against poor wages and living conditions.[50] Prostitution, though illegal by law, is conspicuously present in the emirate because of an economy that is largely based on tourism and trade. Research conducted by the American Center for International Policy Studies (AMCIPS) found that Russian and Ethiopian women are the most common prostitutes, as well as women from some African countries, while Indian prostitutes are part of a well organized trans-Oceanic prostitution network.[51] A 2007 [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] documentary entitled ''Dubai: Night Secrets'' reported that prostitution in clubs is tolerated by authorities and many foreign women work there without being coerced, attracted by the money.<ref>Mimi Chakarova. [http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/09/dubai_sex_for_s.html Dubai: Night Secrets], ''[[Frontline (US TV series)|PBS Frontline]]'', 13 September 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/06/world/middleeast/06dubai.html?_r=2&pagewanted=1&hp&oref=slogin New York Times - Fearful of Restive Foreign Labor, Dubai Eyes Reforms]</ref><ref>[http://www.metimes.com/International/2007/11/07/strike_rages_on_at_worlds_tallest_tower_in_dubai/3172/ Middle East Times - Strike rages on at world's tallest tower in Dubai]{{dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref>

{{Seealso|Human rights in Dubai|Sanitation in Dubai}}

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Dubai}}
{{Population timeline of Dubai}}
[[File:Jumeirah Mosque.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Jumeirah Mosque in [[Jumeirah]], Dubai]]
According to the [[census]] conducted by the Statistics Center of Dubai, the population of the emirate was 1,422,000 as of 2006, which included 1,073,000 males and 349,000 females.<ref name=pop1>[http://vgn.dm.gov.ae/DMEGOV/OSI/webreports/Fig4.pdf Dubai in Figures 2006. Government of Dubai. Statistical Center]{{dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref>

The region covers 497.1 square miles (1,287.4 km2). The population density is 408.18/km2 more than eight times that of the entire country.
Dubai is the [[List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees|second most expensive city]] in the region, and 20th most expensive city in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=Cost of living&nbsp;— The world's most expensive cities |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>

As of 1998, 17% of the population of the emirate was made up of [[Emirati people|UAE nationals]]. Approximately 85% of the [[expatriate]] population (and 71% of the emirate's total population) was [[Asian people|Asian]], chiefly [[Demographics of India|Indian]] (51%), [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] (15%), [[Bangladesh]]i (10%) and others (10%).<ref name=migrationinformation>[http://www.migrationinformation.org/dataHub/GCMM/Dubaidatasheet.pdf "Country and Metropolitan Stats in Brief]. MPI Data Hub</ref> A quarter of the population however reportedly traces their origins to neighboring [[Iran]].<ref>''"[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00E1EF839550C778CDDAB0994DD404482 Young Iranians Follow Dreams to Dubai]"'' The [[New York Times]], by HASSAN M. FATTAH. Published: 4 December 2005</ref> In addition, 16% of the population (or 288,000 persons) living in collective labour accommodation were not identified by [[ethnicity]] or [[nationality]], but were thought to be primarily Asian.<ref name=pop2>[http://www.uae.hsbc.com/1/PA_1_1_24P/content/uae/pdf/eco_bull_04_eng_demo.pdf The Changing Demographics of the UAE]{{dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref> The [[median]] age in the emirate was about 27 years. The crude [[birth rate]], as of 2005, was 13.6%, while the crude death rate was about 1%.<ref name=pop4>[http://vgn.dm.gov.ae/DMEGOV/OSI/webreports/872729764SYB05-02-15.pdf Basic Vital Statistical Indicators - Emirate of Dubai]{{dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref>

Although [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Dubai, [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], Malayalam, Bengali, [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and other languages are spoken in Dubai. [[English language|English]] is the ''[[lingua franca]]'' of the city and is very widely spoken by residents.

Article 7 of the UAE's Provisional Constitution declares [[Islam]] the official [[state religion]] of the UAE. The government subsidizes almost 95% of mosques and employs all [[Imam]]s; approximately 5% of mosques are entirely private, and several large mosques have large private endowments.<ref name=loc_religion>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf Country Profile: United Arab Emirates (UAE)]. United States Library of Congress</ref>

Dubai also has large [[Christian]], [[Hindu]], [[Sikh]], [[Buddhist]], and other religious communities residing in the city. Non-Muslim groups can own their own houses of worship, where they can practice their religion freely, by requesting a land grant and permission to build a compound. Groups that do not have their own buildings must use the facilities of other religious organisations or worship in private homes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90223.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2007 - United Arab Emirates |publisher=State.gov |date= |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> Non-Muslim religious groups are permitted to openly advertise group functions; however, [[proselytize|proselytizing]] or distributing religious literature is strictly prohibited under penalty of criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and [[deportation]] for engaging in behaviour offensive to Islam.<ref name=loc_religion />

{{clear}}
{{Seealso|Indians in the United Arab Emirates|Islam in the United Arab Emirates|Roman Catholicism in the United Arab Emirates|Bahá'í Faith in the United Arab Emirates}}

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Dubai}}
[[File:Burj Dubai2009April.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[Burj Dubai]], the tallest man-made structure in the world]]
[[File:Marina 1 Towers on 7 September 2007 Pict 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[Dubai Marina]], a residential district, is the world's second largest man-made [[marina]].]]
Dubai's [[gross domestic product]] as of 2005 was [[US Dollars|US$]]37 billion.<ref name="ArBusEcon"/> Although Dubai's economy was built on the back of the [[oil industry]],<ref name=oilgas2>[http://www.usatoday.com/marketplace/ibi/dubai.htm "Dubai - Overview:"], USAToday.com. Retrieved 22 July 2007.</ref> revenues from oil and [[natural gas]] currently account for less than 6% of the emirate's revenues.<ref name="oilrev"/> It is estimated that Dubai produces 240,000 [[barrel]]s of oil a day and substantial quantities of gas from offshore fields. The emirate's share in UAE's gas revenues is about 2%. Dubai's oil reserves have diminished significantly and are expected to be exhausted in 20 years.<ref name=oilgas>{{cite web|url=http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/oil_gas.htm#Dubai |title="UAE Oil and Gas" |publisher=Uae.gov.ae |date=1999-06-19 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> [[Real Estate]] and [[Construction]] (22.6%),<ref name="Ddooo"/> [[Trade]] (16%), ''[[entrepôt]]'' (15%) and [[financial services]] (11%) are the largest contributors to Dubai's economy.<ref name=dubchamber>[http://www.dcci.gov.ae/content/Bulletin/Issue10/SectorMonEn_ISSUE10.pdf Prospects of Dubai Economic Sectors]. Dubai Chamber of Commerce. 2003</ref>

A ''[[City Mayors]]'' survey rated Dubai as 44th among the worlds best financial cites,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/financial-cities.html |title=Citgy Mayors: World's best financial cities |publisher=Citymayors.com |date=2008-06-10 |accessdate=2009-08-26}}</ref> while another report by ''City Mayors'' indicated that Dubai was the world's 33rd richest city, in terms of [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |title=World's richest cities by purchasing power |publisher=City Mayors |date= |accessdate=2009-08-26}}</ref>

Dubai's top [[Re-exportation|re-export]]ing destinations include [[Iran]] ([[United States Dollars|US$]] 790 million), [[India]] ([[United States Dollars|US$]] 204 million) and [[Saudi Arabia]] ([[United States Dollars|US$]] 194 million). The emirate's top [[import]] sources are Japan ([[United States Dollars|US$]] 1.5 billion), China ([[United States Dollars|US$]] 1.4 billion) and the United States ([[United States Dollars|US$]] 1.4 billion).<ref name="ecosector"/>

Historically, Dubai and its twin across the Dubai [[Creek (tidal)|creek]], Deira (independent of Dubai City at that time), became important ports of call for Western [[manufacture]]rs. Most of the new city's banking and financial centres were headquartered in the port area. Dubai maintained its importance as a trade route through the 1970s and 1980s. Dubai has a [[free trade]] in [[gold]] and until the 1990s, was the hub of a "brisk [[smuggling]] trade"<ref name=britannica>[http://concise.britannica.com/dday/print?articleId=31319&fullArticle=true&tocId=9031319 "Dubayy"]. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008</ref> of gold [[ingot]]s to [[India]], where gold import was restricted.

Dubai's [[Jebel Ali]] port, constructed in the 1970s, has the largest man-made harbour in the world and was ranked eighth globally for the volume of container traffic it supports.<ref name=jebelali>[http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/worldportrankings%5F2006.xls World Port Rankings - 2006]. American Association of Port Authorities. 2006</ref> Dubai is also developing as a hub for service industries such as [[Information technology|IT]] and [[finance]], with the establishment of industry-specific [[free economic zone|free zones]] throughout the city. [[Dubai Internet City]], combined with [[Dubai Media City]] as part of TECOM (Dubai Technology, Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority) is one such enclave whose members include IT firms such as [[EMC Corporation]], [[Oracle Corporation]], [[Microsoft]], and [[IBM]], and media organisations such as [[Middle East Broadcasting Center|MBC]], [[CNN]], [[BBC]], [[Reuters]], [[Sky News]] and [[Associated Press|AP]].

The [[Dubai Financial Market]] (DFM) was established in March 2000 as a [[secondary market]] for trading [[securities]] and [[bond (finance)|bond]]s, both local and foreign. As of [[Fourth quarter of a calendar year|fourth quarter]] 2006, its trading volume stood at about 400 billion shares, worth US$ 95 billion in total. The DFM had a [[market capitalization|market capitalisation]] of about US$ 87 billion.<ref name=pop4 />

The government's decision to diversify from a trade-based, but oil-reliant, economy to one that is service and tourism-oriented has made [[real estate]] more valuable, resulting in the property appreciation from 2004–2006. A longer-term assessmet of Dubai's property market, however, showed depreciation; some properties lost as much as 64% of their value from 2001 to November 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai's Palm Jumeirah sees prices fall as crunch moves in |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/constructionandproperty/3489393/Dubais-Palm-Jumeirah-sees-prices-fall-as-crunch-moves-in.html |publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' |date=2008-11-20 |accessdate=2008-11-20}}</ref> The large scale real estate development projects have led to the construction of some of the tallest [[skyscrapers]] and largest projects in the world such as the [[Emirates Towers]], the [[Burj Dubai]], the [[Palm Islands]] and the world's second tallest, and most expensive hotel, the [[Burj Al Arab]].<ref name=burjalarab>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/545499.stm |title=World's Tallest Hotel Opens Its Doors |publisher=BBC News |date=1999-12-01 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref>

Dubai's real estate market has experienced a major downturn in the recent months, as a result of the slowing economic climate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.propertywire.com/news/middle-east/job-losses-property-decline-dubai-200812032193.html |title=Job losses hasten property decline in Dubai but medium-long term outlook upbeat &#124; Middle East &#124; News |publisher=Propertywire.com |date=2008-12-03 |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref> Mohammed al-Abbar council of the sheik told the international press in December 2008 that Emaar had credits of US$ 70 billions and the state of Dubai additional US$ 10 billions while holding estimated 350 billion in real estate assets. By early 2009, the situation had worsened with the [[global economic crisis]] taking a heavy toll on property values, construction and employment.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/12/world/middleeast/12dubai.html "Laid-Off Foreigners Flee as Dubai Spirals Down"] article by Robert F. Worth in ''[[The New York Times]]'' February 11, 2009</ref>

As of February 2009 Dubai's foreign debt is estimated at apprx. USD 100 billion, leaving each of the emirate's 250,000 UAE nationals responsible for 400,000 USD in foreign debt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dubai-livethedream.com/dubai-economy.html |title=Dubai Economy &#124; The Economy of Dubai |publisher=Dubai-livethedream.com |date= |accessdate=2009-08-26}}</ref>

{{seealso|Developments in Dubai|Tourism in Dubai}}

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in Dubai}}

[[File:Aeroport de dubai terminal 3 aile.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Dubai International Airport|Terminal 3]] at [[Dubai International Airport]]. The Terminal is exclusively for [[Emirates Airline]]]]
[[File:Dubai Flusstaxi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Abra (boat)|Abra]]s'' are the traditional mode of transport between [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]] and [[Bur Dubai]]]]
[[File:Metro Dubai 001.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Dubai Metro]], on its opening day]]

Transport in Dubai is controlled by the Roads and Transport authority. The [[public transport]] network faces huge congestion and reliability issues which a large investment programme is attempting to address, including over AED70 billion of improvements planned for completion by 2020, when the population of the city is projected to exceed 3.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/07/12/14/10174695.html |title=Gulfnews: Dubai traffic woes inflict losses of Dh4.6b a year |publisher=Archive.gulfnews.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>

[[Dubai International Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: DXB), the hub for [[Emirates Airline]], services the city of Dubai and other emirates in the country. [[Dubai International Airport]] served a total of over 37 million passengers and handled over 1.8 million tons of cargo in 2008.<ref name=airlines>{{Cite web |title=Dubai International - world's fastest growing airport in 2007 |url=http://www.ameinfo.com/143493.html |publisher=''[[AMEInfo]]'' |date=2008-01-09 |accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> In 2008, [[Dubai International Airport]] was the [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|20th busiest airport in the world]] and, with over 35 million international passengers, the [[World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|6th busiest international airport in the world]], in terms of international passenger traffic. In addition to being an important passenger traffic hub, the airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 1.824 million tonnes of cargo in 2008, making it the [[World's busiest airports by cargo traffic|11th busiest airport in the world]], a 9.4% increase of cargo traffic since 2007. [[Emirates Airline]] is the national airline of Dubai, and operates internationally to 101 destinations in 61 countries across 6 continents.

The development of [[Al Maktoum International Airport]], currently under construction in Jebel Ali, was announced in 2004. The first phase is expected to be completed by 2010, and once operational the new airport will host foreign airlines and emirates with an exclusive terminal for them.<ref>[http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/07/10/27/10163098.html Emirates for corridor between DIA and new mega airport] ''[[Gulf News]]'' (27 October 2007). Retrieved on 3 November 2007.</ref>

The Public Bus Transport system in Dubai is run by the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). The bus system services 140 routes and transported over about 109.5 million people in 2008. By the end of 2010, there will be 2,100 buses in service across the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090609/NATIONAL/706089859/1010 |title=Dubai buses may be privatised - The National Newspaper |publisher=Thenational.ae |date=2009-06-08 |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref> The Transport authority has announced the construction of 500 air-conditioned (A/C) Passenger Bus Shelters, and has plan for 1000 more across the emirates in a move to encourage the use of public buses.

A $3.89 billion [[Dubai Metro]] project is under construction for the emirate. The Metro system was partially operational by September 2009 and will be fully operational by 2012. The metro will comprise four lines: the Green Line from Al Rashidiya to the main city center and the Red Line from the airport to [[Jebel Ali]]. It also has a blue and a purple line. The Dubai Metro (Green and Blue Lines) will have 70 kilometers of track and 43 stations, 37 above ground and ten underground.<ref name=dubaimetro>[http://vgn.dm.gov.ae/DMEGOV/dm-metro-news01 Dubai Municipality signs Dhs12.45 billion Metro contract]. Dubai Metro. 29 May 2005</ref> The Dubai Metro is the first urban train network in the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8247330.stm|title=Will metro change Dubai car culture?|date=[[2009-09-11]]|publisher=''BBC News''}}</ref> All trains and stations are air conditioned with [[platform edge doors]] to make this possible.

A [[monorail]] on the [[Palm Jumeirah]] opened in 2009. It is the first monorail to be built in the region. Two trams are expected trams to be built in Dubai by 2011. The first is the Downtown Burj Dubai Tram System and the second is the Al Sufouh Tram. The Downtown Burj Dubai Tram System is a 4.6&nbsp;km tram service that is planned to service the area around the Burj Dubai, and the second tram will run 14.5 kilometres along Al Sufouh Road from Dubai Marina to the Burj Al Arab and the Mall of the Emirates.

One of the more traditional methods of getting across [[Bur Dubai]] to [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]] is through ''[[Abra (boat)|abras]]'', small boats that ferry passengers across the [[Dubai Creek]], between abra stations in Bastakiya and [[Baniyas Road]]. The Marine Transport Agency, is in the process of implementing the Dubai Water Bus System.

There are two major commercial ports in Dubai, [[Port Rashid]] and [[Jebel Ali|Port Jebel Ali]]. Port Jebel Ali is the 7th busiest port in the world. Jebel Ali is the world's largest man-made harbour and the biggest port in the Middle East.

The government has invested heavily in the Dubai's road infrastructure, although this has not kept pace with the increase in the number of vehicles. This, coupled with the [[induced traffic]] phenomenon, has led to growing problems of congestion. <ref name="gulftalent.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.gulftalent.com/home/hr-article23.html |title=Dubai Overtakes Cairo in Traffic Congestion - GulfTalent.com |publisher=GulfTalent.com<! |date=2007-02-07 |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>

Dubai also has an extensive taxi system, by far the most frequently used means of public transport within the Emirate. There are both government-operated and private cab companies. There are around 7,500 taxis operating within the emirate.

== Culture ==
[[File:Deira Souk on 9 May 2007 Pict 2.jpg|thumb|200px|A traditional ''[[souk]]'' in [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]]]]
[[File:Clock tower deira.png|thumb|200px|The [[Deira Clock Tower]] is an important landmark in the city]]

Dubai has a diverse and multicultural society.<ref name=migrationinformation /> The city's cultural imprint as a small, ethnically homogenous [[Pearl hunting|pearling]] community was changed with the arrival of other [[ethnic groups]] and nationals &mdash; first by the [[Iranian people|Iranians]] in the early 1900s, and later by [[India]]ns and [[Pakistan]]is in the 1960s. Dubai has been criticized for perpetuating a class-based society, where migrant workers are in the lower classes.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/johann-hari/the-dark-side-of-dubai-1664368.html The Dark Side of Dubai], [[Johann Hari]], [[The Independent]], 7 April 2009.</ref> Despite the diversity of the population, only minor and infrequent episodes of [[ethnic tension]]s, primarily between expatriates, have been reported in the city. Major holidays in Dubai include ''[[Eid al Fitr]]'', which marks the end of ''[[Ramadan]]'', and [[National Day]] (2 December), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates. Annual entertainment events such as the [[Dubai Shopping Festival]] (DSF) and [[Dubai Summer Surprises]] (DSS) attract over 4 million visitors from across the region and generate revenues in excess of [[United States Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;one billion.<ref name=dsf>[http://www.econresearch.net/admin/articles/13(1).pdf Tourism and shopping in the UAE: Spending an extra day"]. Edwards Economic Research FZ</ref> Large [[shopping mall]]s in the city, such as [[Deira City Centre]], [[BurJuman]], [[Mall of the Emirates]], [[Dubai Mall]] and [[Ibn Battuta Mall]] as well as traditional ''[[souk]]s'' attract shoppers from the region.

The diversity of [[cuisine]] in Dubai is a reflection of the cosmopolitan nature of the society. Arab food is very popular and is available everywhere in the city, from the small ''[[shawarma]]'' diners in [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]] and [[Al Karama, Dubai|Al Karama]] to the restaurants in Dubai's hotels. [[Fast food]], [[South Asian cuisine|South Asian]], [[Chinese cuisines]] are also very popular and are widely available. The sale and consumption of [[pork]], though not [[illegal]], is regulated and is sold only to non-[[Muslim]]s, in designated areas.<ref name=pork>[http://www.stat-usa.gov/agworld.nsf/505c55d16b88351a852567010058449b/898e8206171d628385256d02006df0d7/$FILE/TC3003.PDF Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards]. ''GAIN Report''. United States Department of Agriculture</ref> Similarly, the sale of [[alcohol|alcoholic beverages]] is regulated. A liquor permit is required to purchase alcohol; however, alcohol is available in bars and restaurants within hotels.<ref name=alcohol>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080226222520/http://www.marketnewzealand.com/common/files/dubai-cg.pdf Welcome to Dubai] New Zealand Trade and Enterprise</ref> ''[[Shisha]]'' and ''[[coffee|qahwa]]'' boutiques are also popular in Dubai.

[[Hollywood]] and [[Bollywood]] movies are popular in Dubai. The city hosts the annual [[Dubai International Film Festival]], which attracts celebrities from [[Arab cinema|Arab]] and [[Film|International cinema]]. Dubai has an active music scene, with musicians [[Amr Diab]], [[Diana Haddad]], [[Tarkan]], [[Aerosmith]], [[Santana (band)|Santana]], [[Mark Knopfler]], [[Elton John]], [[P!nk|Pink]], [[Shakira]], [[Celine Dion]], [[Coldplay]], and [[Phil Collins]] having performed in the city. [[Kylie Minogue]] was paid 4.4 million dollars to perform at the opening of the [[Atlantis, The Palm|Atlantis resort]] on November 20, 2008. The [[Dubai Desert Rock Festival]] is also another major festival consisting of Heavy metal and rock artists.

[[Association football|Football]] and [[cricket (game)|cricket]] are the most popular sports in Dubai. Five teams &mdash; [[Al Wasl FC|Al Wasl]], [[Al-Shabab (UAE)|Al-Shabab]], [[Al-Ahli (Dubai)|Al-Ahli]], [[Al-Nasr Sports Club|Al Nasr]] and [[Hatta Club|Hatta]] &mdash; represent Dubai in [[UAE League]] football. Current champions Al-Wasl have the second-most number of championships in the UAE League, after [[Al Ain FC|Al Ain]]. Cricket is followed by Dubai's large South Asian community and in 2005, the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) moved its headquarters from [[London, England|London]] to Dubai. The city has hosted several [[Indian cricket team|India]]-[[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] matches and two new grass grounds are being developed in [[Dubai Sports City]]. Dubai also hosts both the annual [[Dubai Tennis Championships]] and [[The Legends Rock Dubai]] tennis tournaments, as well as the [[Dubai Desert Classic]] [[golf]] tournament, all of which attract sports stars from around the world. The [[Dubai World Cup]], a thoroughbred horse race, is held annually at the [[Nad Al Sheba Racecourse]].

Despite Dubai's progressive and ostentatious image, [[Censorship]] is common in Dubai and used by the government to control content that it believes violates the cultural and political sensitivities of the Emiratis. [[Homosexuality]], [[drugs]] and the [[theory of evolution]] are generally considered taboo.<ref name=Bedell>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article5741679.ece ''Geraldine Bedell's novel banned in Dubai because of gay character'']{{dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref>

Dubai is known for its nightlife. Clubs and bars are found mostly in hotels due to the liquor laws. The [[New York Times]] listed Dubai as its travel choice for partying in 2008.<ref name=nyt>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/travel/09party.html?ex=1212987600&en=f13e9687f3c7e636&ei=5087&excamp=GGTRdubaitravel&WT.srch=1&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_id=TR-S-E-GG-NA-CT-dubai_travel Clubs Bloom in the Desert]. New York Times. 9 December 2007</ref>

{{Seealso|Music of the United Arab Emirates}}

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Dubai}}
[[File:Knowledge Village 1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Dubai Knowledge Village was built to allow Universities to open branches and campuses in Dubai]]
The school system in Dubai does not differ from that of the [[United Arab Emirates]]. As of 2006, there are 88 public schools run by the Ministry of Education that serve [[Emirati]]s and expatriate [[Arab people|Arab]]s as well as 132 private schools.<ref name=pop1 /> The medium of instruction in [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]] is Arabic with emphasis on [[English language|English]] as a second language, while most of the [[private school]]s use English as their medium of instruction. Most private schools cater to one or more expatriate communities. New Indian Model School ,Dubai (NIMS),Delhi Private School, [[Our Own English High School]], the [[Dubai Modern High School]], and [[The Indian High School, Dubai]] offer either a [[CBSE]] or an [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] [[India]]n [[syllabus]]. Similarly, there are also several reputable Pakistani schools offering [[FBISE]] curriculum for expatriate children. Dubai English Speaking School, Jumeirah Primary School, Jebel Ali Primary School, the Cambridge High School (or Cambridge International School), Jumeirah English Speaking School, King's School and the Horizon School all offer British primary education up to the age of eleven. Dubai British School, [[Dubai College]], [[English College Dubai]], Jumeirah English Speaking School, [[Jumeirah College]] and St. Mary's Catholic High School are all British eleven-to-eighteen secondary schools which offer [[General Certificate of Secondary Education|GCSE]] and [[Advanced Level (UK)|A-Level]]s. [[Emirates International School]], along with the [[Cambridge High School]], provides full student education up to the age of 18, and offers [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education|IGCSE]] and [[Advanced Level (UK)|A-Level]]s. [[Wellington International School]], which caters for students aged from 4 to 18, offers IGCSE and A-Levels. [[Deira International School]] and [[Dubai International Academy]] also offer the [[International Baccalaureate|IB]] program including the IGCSE program. Jumeirah English Speaking School caters for pupils from 4 through to 18 and offers the British curriculum up to 16 ([[GCSE]]) and the [[International Baccalaureate (IB)]].
Dubai has several schools with an [[United States|American]] curriculum such as [[Dubai American Academy]], [[American School of Dubai]] and the [[Universal American School of Dubai]].

The Ministry of Education of the United Arab Emirates is responsible for school's accreditation. The Dubai Education Council was established in July 2005 to develop the education sector in Dubai.<ref>[http://www.dec.gov.ae/English/Media+Center/14072005_2.htm HH Sheikh Mohammed issues decree establishing Dubai Education Council], ''DEC'', 14 July 2005</ref> The Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) was established in 2006 to develop education and human resource sectors in Dubai, and license educational institutes.<ref>[http://www.khda.gov.ae/en/qa.asp KHDA Q&A], ''KHDA'', 2006</ref>

Approximately 10% of the population has [[university]] or [[postgraduate]] degrees. Many expatriates tend to send their children back to their home country or to [[Western world|Western countries]] for [[university]] education and to [[India]] for technology studies. However, a sizable number of foreign accredited universities have been set up in the city over the last ten years. Some of these universities include Michigan State University Dubai (MSU Dubai), the [[Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani - Dubai]]([[BITS Pilani]]), [[Heriot-Watt University Dubai]], [[American University in Dubai]] (AUD), the American College of Dubai, [[Mahatma Gandhi University]] (Off-Campus Centre), [[SPJCM|SP Jain Center Of Management]], [[University of Wollongong in Dubai]], [[Institute of Management Technology]] and MAHE Manipal. In 2004, the Dubai School of Government in collaboration with [[Harvard University]]'s [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]] and [[Harvard Medical School|Harvard Medical School Dubai Center]] (HMSDC) were established in Dubai. RIT Dubai is a satellite campus of Rochester Institute of Technology in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The plans for the college, which will be located in the Dubai Silicon Oasis, was announced on 5 December 2007. The campus is planned to open in Fall 2008. In 2009, it is planned that there will be a full-time graduate program offered, and in 2010, a full-time undergraduate program. By 2019, RIT plans to expand the campus to 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m²), accepting around 4,000 students.

The [[Dubai Public Libraries]] is the public library system serving Dubai.

{{see also|List of universities and colleges in Dubai}}

==Media==
{{see also|Radio and television channels of Dubai}}
[[File:Etisalat Tower 2 on 28 December 2007 Pict 2.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Etisalat Tower 2]], on Sheikh Zayed Road. [[Etisalat]] held a virtual monopoly over telecommunications in Dubai prior to 2006.<ref name=etisalatmon>[http://opennet.net/sites/opennet.net/files/united_arab_emirates.pdf United Arab Emirates]. OpenNet Interactive. 2008</ref>]]
Dubai has a well established network of [[print media|print]], [[radio]], [[television]] and [[electronic media]] which service the city. Dubai is the home of the Arabian Radio Network, which broadcasts eight FM radio stations including the first talk radio station in the Middle East, [[Dubai Eye 103.8]]. Multiple international channels available through [[cable television|cable]], while [[satellite television|satellite]], radio and local channels are provided via the [[Arab Media Group|Arabian Radio Network]] and [[Dubai Media Incorporated]] systems. Many international news agencies such as [[Reuters]], [[Associated Press Television News|APTN]], [[Bloomberg L.P.]] and [[Middle East Broadcasting Center|MBC]] as well as network news channels operated out of [[Dubai Media City]] and [[Dubai Internet City]]. Additionally, several local [[network television]] channels such as [[Dubai One]] (formerly [[Dubai 33|Channel 33]]), and [[Dubai TV]] (formerly [[Emirates Dubai Television|EDTV]]) provide programming in English and Arabic respectively. Dubai-based [[FM radio|FM stations]] such as Dubai FM (93.9), Dubai92 (92.0), Al Khaleejia (100.9) and Hit FM (96.7) provide programming in English, Arabic and South Asian languages. Dubai is also the headquarters for several [[print media]] outlets. ''[[Dar Al Khaleej|Al Khaleej]]'', ''[[Al Bayan]]'' and ''[[Al Ittihad]]'' are the city's largest circulating [[Arabic language]] newspapers,<ref name=alkhaleej>[http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/New_Chart.pdf Largest-Circulation Arabic Newspapers]. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. ''Arab Reform Bulletin'', December 2004</ref> while ''[[Gulf News]]'' and ''[[Khaleej Times]]''<ref name=gulfnewskhaleejtimes>[http://archive.gulfnews.com/images/06/09/19/survey1.pdf We are the leading newspaper]. Gulf News. September 2006</ref> are the largest circulating [[English language|English]] newspapers. Dubai is also a hotbed for online information sources such as [http://dubai.explocity.com/ Explocity Dubai] and Dubai City Guide.

[[Etisalat]], the government owned telecommunications provider, held a virtual [[monopoly]] over telecommunication services in Dubai prior to the establishment of other, smaller telecommunications companies such as Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC &mdash; better known as [[Du (telco)|Du]]) in 2006. [[Internet]] was introduced into the UAE (and therefore Dubai) in 1995. The current network is supported by a [[internet bandwidth|bandwidth]] of 6 [[gigabytes|GB]], with 50,000 [[dialup]] and 150,000 [[broadband internet|broadband]] [[Computer port (hardware)|port]]s. Dubai houses two of four [[Domain Name System|DNS]] [[data center]]s in the country (DXBNIC1, DXBNIC2).<ref name=dxbittopology>[http://209.85.207.104/search?q=cache:PI_43k09hmsJ:www.ituarabic.org/2006/IPS-IDN/Documents/Doc11-UAEnic_ITU_Syria.ppt+Dubai+etisalat+network+topology&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=us UAEnic at a glance]. Sultan Al Shamsi</ref> Internet content is regulated in Dubai. Etisalat uses a [[proxy server]] to [[internet filtering|filter internet content]] that is deemed to be inconsistent with the values of the country, that provides information on [[proxy bypass|bypassing the proxy]], [[dating (activity)|dating]], [[Gay (term)|gay]] and [[lesbian]] networks, [[pornography]], sites pertaining to the [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í]] faith, sites originating from [[Israel]], and even sites that are critical of the UAE. Emirates Media and Internet (a division of Etisalat) notes that as of 2002, 76% of internet users are male. About 60% of internet users were [[Asia]]n, while 25% of users were [[Arab people|Arab]]. Dubai enacted an Electronic Transactions and Commerce Law in 2002 which deals with [[digital signature]]s and electronic registers. It prohibits [[Internet Service Provider]]s (ISPs) from disclosing information gathered in providing services. The [[penal code]] also contains some provisions; however, it does not address [[cyber crime]] or data protection.<ref name=privacy>[http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-103788 Silenced - United Arab Emirates]. Privacy International.</ref>
{{clear}}

==Sister cities==
Dubai has 31 [[sister cities]], and most of the twinning agreements have been done post-2002.<ref>[http://uaeinteract.com/news/default.asp?ID=328 Twinning Cities Agreements] UAE Official Website</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*{{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Monterrey]], [[Mexico]]
*{{Flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[France]]
*{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Gold Coast, Queensland]], [[Australia]]
*{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Guangzhou]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Frankfurt]], [[Germany]]
*{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]
*{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Gandhinagar, Gujarat|Gandhinagar]],[[Gujarat]],[[India]]
*{{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Kish Island]], [[Iran]]
*{{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]
*{{Flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
*{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]<ref>{{cite web|author=UAEinteract.com |url=http://uaeinteract.com/docs/Twinning_agreement_brings_a_taste_of_Spain_to_Dubai/21927.htm |title=Twinning agreement brings a taste of Spain to Dubai UAE - The Official Web Site - News |publisher=Uaeinteract.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref><ref name="Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona internacional - Ciutats agermanades|publisher=© 2006-2009 [http://www.bcn.es/catala/copyright/welcome2.htm Ajuntament de Barcelona]|language=Spanish|accessdate=2009-07-13}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Granada]], [[Spain]]<ref>{{cite web|author=UAEinteract.com |url=http://uaeinteract.com/docs/Dubai,_Granada_discuss_cooperation/34149.htm |title=Dubai, Granada discuss cooperation UAE - The Official Web Site - News |publisher=Uaeinteract.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]]
*{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]]

{{col-2}}
*{{Flagicon|UK}} [[Dundee, Scotland]], [[United Kingdom]]
*{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
*{{Flagicon|SYR}} [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]
*{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]
*{{Flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
*{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]
*{{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]]
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States]]
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Arizona]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|author=UAEinteract.com |url=http://uaeinteract.com/docs/Dubai_partners_with_the_U.S._city_of_Phoenix_/35613.htm |title=Dubai partners with the U.S. city of Phoenix UAE - The Official Web Site - News |publisher=Uaeinteract.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|author=UAEinteract.com |url=http://uaeinteract.com/docs/Los_Angeles_cultural_body_takes_Dubai_as_sister_city/11860.htm |title=Los Angeles cultural body takes Dubai as sister city UAE - The Official Web Site - News |publisher=Uaeinteract.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|author=UAEinteract.com |url=http://uaeinteract.com/docs/Dubai_Detroit_ink_sister-city_accord/9548.htm |title=Dubai, Detroit ink sister-city accord UAE - The Official Web Site - News |publisher=Uaeinteract.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Busan]], [[South Korea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.busan.go.kr/02_government/07_17.jsp |title=Dynamic Busan - City Government - Sister Cities - Dubai |publisher=English.busan.go.kr |date= |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|KWT}} [[Kuwait City]], [[Kuwait]]
*{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]],[[Andhra pradesh]],[[India]]
*{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]]
{{col-2}}
{{col-end}}

==See also==
*[[History of Dubai]]
*[[Politics of the United Arab Emirates]]
*[[Demographics of Dubai]]
*[[Economy of Dubai]]
*[[Transportation in Dubai]]
*[[Education in Dubai]]
*[[List of tallest buildings in Dubai]]
*[[Developments in Dubai]]
*[[List of shopping malls in Dubai]]
*[[Tourism in Dubai]]
*[[List of universities and colleges in Dubai]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Dubai}}
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* [http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal Dubai Official Website]
* [http://www.dubaitourism.ae/ Dubai Tourism]
* [http://www.dubaiairport.com Dubai Airport]
* [http://www.dm.gov.ae/ dm.gov.ae] - [[Dubai Municipality]]
* [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/01/dubai/steber-photography National Geographic Magazine Dubai Photo Gallery 2007]
* [http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS21852.pdf Congressional Research Service Report to Congress]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/johann-hari/the-dark-side-of-dubai_b_183851.html The Dark Side Of Dubai] by [[Johann Hari]], ''[[The Huffington Post]]''
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{{Dubai topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Neighborhoods in Dubai}}
{{Dubai landmarks}}
{{Developments in Dubai}}
{{United Arab Emirates}}

[[Category:Dubai| ]]
[[Category:Persian Gulf]]
[[Category:Coastal settlements in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Emirates of the United Arab Emirates]]

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Revision as of 16:25, 12 October 2009

DJ is a badass

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