Electricity sector in Canada

In 2003, Canada generated 569 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity, from a total generating capability of 108,533 megawatts. This was generated by Hydroelectric (58%), coal (19%), nuclear (12%), natural gas (6%) , and fuel oil (3%), while other sources such as biomass, solar energy and wind generators made up the remaining 2%. The total installed capacity of Canada was 111000 MW in 2000.

During 2003, Canada imported 24.5 TWh from the United States and exported 31.3 TWh, leaving 562 Twh available for Canadian consumption.

The electrical generating capacities of the provinces and territories in Canada are broken down below. Units are given in megawatts (MW) and gigawatt-hours (GW-hrs). The tables given below use 2003 data from Statistics Canada.

Canada 2003
	Energy Generated		Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Canada	Megawatts	% of Canada
Hydro	334,120	58.7%	65,860	60.7%
Steam (mainly coal)	141,838	24.9%	24,847	22.9%
Nuclear	70,652	12.4%	11,371	10.5%
Internal Combustion	1,393	0.2%	629	0.6%
Combustion Turbine	21,535	3.8%	5,590	5.2%
Unspecified	0	0.0%	236	0.2%
Total Produced	569,538	100.0%	108,533	100.0%
Exports to USA	31,311	5.5%
Imports from USA	24,521	4.3%
Consumption	562,748	98.8%
Net Exports	6,790	1.2%

Alberta

Alberta 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	2,162	3.6%	0.6%	824	8.4%	1.3%
Steam (mainly coal)	48,932	81.1%	34.5%	7,118	72.8%	28.6%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	177	0.3%	12.7%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Combustion Turbine	9,043	15.0%	42.0%	1,680	17.2%	30.1%
Unspecified				152	1.6%	64.4%
Total Produced	60,314	100.0%	10.6%	9,774	100.0%	9.0%
Exports to Canada	1,300	2.2%
Exports to USA	74	0.1%	0.2%
Imports from Canada	1,585	2.6%
Imports from USA	331	0.5%	1.3%
Consumption in Province	60,856	100.9%	10.8%
Net Exports	-542	-0.9%

Data is as of March, 2008 :

• Coal - 5,893 MW (48.8%)
• Natural gas - 4,635 MW (38.4%)
• Hydro - 869 MW (7.1%)
• Wind - 497 MW (4.1%)
• Biomass - 178 MW (1.5%)

Total: 12,072 MW

British Columbia

A hydroelectric dam on the Arrow Lakes.

British Columbia 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	56,929	89.8%	17.0%	11,875	86.8%	18.0%
Steam (mainly coal)	4,316	6.8%	3.0%	1,666	12.2%	6.7%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	79	0.1%	5.7%	55	0.4%	8.7%
Combustion Turbine	2,059	3.2%	9.6%	91	0.7%	1.6%
Unspecified				0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	63,383	100.0%	11.1%	13,687	100.0%	12.6%
Exports to Canada	963	1.5%
Exports to USA	8,639	13.6%	27.6%
Imports from Canada	1,111	1.8%
Imports from USA	5,945	9.4%	24.2%
Consumption in Province	60,837	96.0%	10.8%
Net Exports	2,546	4.0%

Manitoba

Pointe du Bois Generating Station on the Winnipeg River

Manitoba 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	20,246	95.7%	6.1%	4,998	89.8%	7.6%
Steam (mainly coal)	896	4.2%	0.6%	178	3.2%	0.7%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	11	0.1%	0.8%	10	0.2%	1.6%
Combustion Turbine	0	0.0%	0.0%	379	6.8%	6.8%
Unspecified				0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	21,153	100.0%	3.7%	5,565	100.0%	5.1%
Exports to Canada	3,665	17.3%
Exports to USA	4,474	21.2%	14.3%
Imports from Canada	533	2.5%
Imports from USA	5,909	27.9%	24.1%
Consumption in Province	19,456	92.0%	3.5%
Net Exports	1,697	8.0%

Manitoba Hydro is the crown corporation that generates most of the power in Manitoba.

Installed capacity:

• Hydro - 4,947 MW (91%)
• Natural Gas - 381 MW (7%)
• Coal - 95 MW (2%)
• Diesel - 4 MW (<1%)

Total 5,427 MW

New Brunswick

New Brunswick 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	3,233	15.4%	1.0%	929	22.0%	1.4%
Steam (mainly coal)	11,893	56.7%	8.4%	2,171	51.4%	8.7%
Nuclear	4,742	22.6%	6.7%	635	15.0%	5.6%
Internal Combustion	3	0.0%	0.2%	5	0.1%	0.8%
Combustion Turbine	1,096	5.2%	5.1%	481	11.4%	8.6%
Unspecified				0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	20,967	100.0%	3.7%	4,221	100.0%	3.9%
Exports to Canada	2,473	11.8%
Exports to USA	2,687	12.8%	8.6%
Imports from Canada	628	3.0%
Imports from USA	72	0.3%	0.3%
Consumption in Province	16,507	78.7%	2.9%
Net Exports	4,460	21.3%

Taken from NBPower WebSite

Generation

NB Power Generation supplies wholesale energy products in a competitive environment. It wholly-owns three subsidiaries: NB Power Coleson Cove Corporation, which owns and operates the Coleson Cove Generating Station; and NB Coal Limited, which mines coal to supply the Grand Lake Generating Station.

Electricity is generated at 14 hydro, coal, oil, diesel, nuclear and Orimulsion, powered stations, with an installed net capacity of 3,313 MW comprised of 1,903 MW thermal, 884 MW hydro and 526 MW of combustion turbine capacity. With limited natural resources to generate electricity in the province, NB Power Generation has developed one of the most diverse generating systems in North America. Units have performed well against availability and reliability targets, which are essential to meeting operational and financial objectives. The 458 MW base load unit at Belledune was recently recognized by an industry benchmarking group as the one of the most economic coal-fired generators in North America.

Capitalizing on geographic location and regional weather diversity, the generating system was designed to meet winter peaks and benefit from non-winter sales to neighbouring jurisdictions.

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	1,122	9.0%	0.3%	400	17.1%	0.6%
Steam (mainly coal)	11,197	90.3%	7.9%	1,666	71.3%	6.7%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Combustion Turbine	86	0.7%	0.4%	271	11.6%	4.8%
Unspecified				0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	12,405	100.0%	2.2%	2,337	100.0%	2.2%
Exports to Canada	496	4.0%
Exports to USA	115	0.9%	0.4%
Imports from Canada	201	1.6%
Imports from USA	1	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	11,996	96.7%	2.1%
Net Exports	409	3.3%

Ontario

Bruce Nuclear Generating Station near Kincardine, Ontario

Ontario 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	36,078	24.0%	10.8%	7,391	27.1%	11.2%
Steam (mainly coal)	44,392	29.5%	31.3%	8,656	31.8%	34.8%
Nuclear	62,362	41.5%	88.3%	10,123	37.2%	89.0%
Internal Combustion	91	0.1%	6.5%	41	0.2%	6.5%
Combustion Turbine	7,503	5.0%	34.8%	1,024	3.8%	18.3%
Unspecified				0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	150,426	100.0%	26.4%	27,235	79.4%	25.1%
Exports to Canada	3,262	2.2%
Exports to USA	4,576	3.0%	14.6%
Imports from Canada	6,032	4.0%
Imports from USA	7,430	4.9%	30.3%
Consumption in Province	156,050	103.7%	27.7%
Net Exports	-5,624	-3.7%

Taken from Ministry of Energy Website

Estimated 2007 electricity generation mix:

• Nuclear - 52%
• Hydro - 21%
• Coal - 18%
• Natural gas - 8%
• Other - 1%

Nuclear Energy - Nuclear plants account for over 50 per cent of Ontario's electricity generation mix. There are three nuclear power plants in Ontario: Pickering Generating Station, Darlington Generating Station and Bruce Power.

Hydroelectric Energy - Hydroelectric generation accounts for 21 per cent of Ontario's generating mix. There are currently about 180 hydroelectric stations (of which 58 are connected to the grid) in Ontario, the size and power of which vary considerably. The smallest stations produce less than one megawatt of power, while Ontario's largest, Niagara Falls' Sir Adam Beck 2 Generating Station, produces over 1,400 megawatts of electricity.

Fossil Fuel Energy Generation

Coal - Ontario currently has four coal-fired fuel stations: Nanticoke Generating Station, Lambton, Thunder Bay, and Atikokan. Together they account for approximately one fifth of Ontario's generating capacity.

The government plans to replace coal-fired generation in Ontario by 2009, but will not jeopardize Ontario's reliability of supply.

Natural Gas - Natural gas accounts for approximately 7 per cent of Ontario’s generating mix. There are currently about 60 natural gas stations of varying sizes, of which 19 are connected to the grid.

Alternative Energy Sources - The Ontario government has set a goal of five per cent of all generating capacity in the province to come from renewable sources by 2007 and 10 per cent by 2010.

Québec

The Hydro-Québec headquarters in Montreal

Quebec 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	170,498	95.9%	51.0%	31,778	92.7%	48.3%
Steam (mainly coal)	3,331	1.9%	2.3%	830	2.4%	3.3%
Nuclear	3,548	2.0%	5.0%	613	1.8%	5.4%
Internal Combustion	253	0.1%	18.2%	104	0.3%	16.5%
Combustion Turbine	219	0.1%	1.0%	906	2.6%	16.2%
Unspecified				51	0.1%	21.6%
Total Produced	177,849	100.0%	31.2%	34,282	100.0%	31.6%
Exports to Canada	2,912	1.6%
Exports to USA	10,038	5.6%	32.1%
Imports from Canada	34,612	19.5%
Imports from USA	3,925	2.2%	16.0%
Consumption in Province	203,436	114.4%	36.2%
Net Exports	-25,587	-14.4%

Other data can be found at the Government of Quebec Energy Strategy Website. :

Newfoundland and Labrador

File:Churchillfallslabrador2.jpg

Churchill Falls, one of the largest hydroelectric generating facilities in North America

Newfoundland (island) 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	6,294	73.3%	1.9%	1,253	64.0%	1.9%
Steam (mainly coal)	1,952	22.7%	1.4%	466	23.8%	1.9%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	340	4.0%	24.4%	77	3.9%	12.2%
Combustion Turbine	-2	0.0%	0.0%	162	8.3%	2.9%
Unspecified		0.0%		0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	8,584	100.0%	1.5%	1,958	100.0%	1.8%
Exports to Canada	0	0.0%
Exports to USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Imports from Canada	0	0.0%
Imports from USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	8,584	100.0%	1.5%
Net Exports	0	0.0%

Labrador 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	33,507	100.0%	10.0%	5,428	100.0%	8.2%
Steam (mainly coal)	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Combustion Turbine	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Unspecified		0.0%		0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	33,507	100.0%	5.9%	5,428	100.0%	5.0%
Exports to Canada	30,113	89.9%
Exports to USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Imports from Canada	15	0.0%
Imports from USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	3,409	10.2%	0.6%
Net Exports	30,098	89.8%

Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro is a major generator of electric power, by hydroelectric and fossil fuel sources. The largest source of generation is from the Churchill Falls hydroelectric station in Labrador. However under the terms of the Upper Churchill Falls contract in 1969, the lion's share of revenue goes to Hydro-Québec which purchases the electricity at extremely low rates for 65 years.

Installed Capacity (2005):

• Hydro - 6367 MW (87%)
• Oil - 490 MW (7%)
• Gas Turbine - 150 MW (2%)
• Diesel - 56 MW (<1%)

Total: 7288 MW

Prince Edward Island

PEI 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	20	32.3%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Steam (mainly coal)	41	66.1%	0.0%	62	54.4%	0.2%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Combustion Turbine	1	1.6%	0.0%	42	36.8%	0.8%
Unspecified				10	8.8%	4.2%
Total Produced	62	100.0%	0.0%	114	100.0%	0.1%
Exports to Canada	0	0.0%
Exports to USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Imports from Canada	1,129	1821.0%
Imports from USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	1,191	1921.0%	0.2%
Net Exports	-1,129	-1821.0%

Saskatchewan

Island Falls powerhouse

Saskatchewan 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	3,475	17.6%	1.0%	853	24.7%	1.3%
Steam (mainly coal)	14,888	75.2%	10.5%	2,034	59.0%	8.2%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	7	0.0%	0.5%	9	0.3%	1.4%
Combustion Turbine	1,419	7.2%	6.6%	531	15.4%	9.5%
Unspecified				22	0.6%	9.3%
Total Produced	19,789	100.0%	3.5%	3,449	100.0%	3.2%
Exports to Canada	1,054	0.7%
Exports to USA	708	0.5%	2.3%
Imports from Canada	391	0.3%
Imports from USA	908	0.6%	3.7%
Consumption in Province	19,326	97.7%	3.4%
Net Exports	463	0.3%

SaskPower is the crown corporation that generates most power in Saskatchewan. A mix of power sources are used including coal, natural gas, hydro and wind.

Installed Capacity (May 2006):

• Coal - 1654 MW (48%)
• Hydro - 851.8 MW (25%)
• Natural Gas - 767 MW (22%)
• Wind - 172 MW (5%)

Total: 3444.8 MW

Yukon

Yukon 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	285	89.1%	0.1%	76	58.0%	0.1%
Steam (mainly coal)	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	35	10.9%	2.5%	54	41.2%	8.6%
Combustion Turbine	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Unspecified				1	0.8%	0.4%
Total Produced	320	100.0%	0.1%	131	100.0%	0.1%
Exports to Canada	0	0.0%
Exports to USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Imports from Canada	0	0.0%
Imports from USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	320	100.0%	0.1%
Net Exports	0	0.0%

Yukon Energy Corporation is the crown corporation that generates most in the Yukon. A mix of power sources are used including hydro, wind and diesel generators. The Yukon has two separate grids neither connected to the continental power grid.

Northwest Territories

Northwest Territories 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	271	42.0%	0.1%	55	32.9%	0.1%
Steam (mainly coal)	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	264	40.9%	19.0%	89	53.3%	14.1%
Combustion Turbine	111	17.2%	0.5%	23	13.8%	0.4%
Unspecified		0.0%		0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	646	100.0%	0.1%	167	100.0%	0.2%
Exports to Canada	0	0.0%
Exports to USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Imports from Canada	0	0.0%
Imports from USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	646	100.0%	0.1%
Net Exports	0	0.0%

Nunavut

Nunavut 2003
	Energy Generated			Generating Capacity (Winter)
	Gigawatt hours	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category	Megawatts	% of Province	% of Canadian total of each category
Hydro	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Steam (mainly coal)	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Nuclear	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Internal Combustion	133	100.0%	9.5%	66	100.0%	10.5%
Combustion Turbine	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Unspecified		0.0%		0	0.0%	0.0%
Total Produced	133	100.0%	0.0%	66	100.0%	0.1%
Exports to Canada	0	0.0%
Exports to USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Imports from Canada	0	0.0%
Imports from USA	0	0.0%	0.0%
Consumption in Province	133	100.0%	0.0%
Net Exports	0	0.0%