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In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (informally called minor ports). As of 2024, there are 14 major ports and 217 non-major ports across the country. Major ports are under the administrative control of the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)|Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] of the [[Government of India]], while non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective [[State governments of India|state governments]]—this also includes private ports running under the [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by [[fishing vessel]]s and [[ferries]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Assistance of approx of about Rs. 1891 crore released under Sagarmala schemes, 151 projects sanctioned till date |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1885078 |publisher=Pib.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=20 December 2022}}</ref> India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest [[peninsula]]s in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=India's Major Ports Handled Highest Ever Cargo Of 795 Million Tonne In FY23: Sarbananda Sonowal |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/business/india-major-ports-handled-highest-ever-cargo-o-795-million-tonne-in-fy23-sarbananda-sonowal-news-281980}}</ref>
In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (informally called minor ports). As of 2024, there are 14 major ports and 217 non-major ports across the country. Major ports are under the administrative control of the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)|Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] of the [[Government of India]], while non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective [[State governments of India|state governments]]—this also includes private ports running under the [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by [[fishing vessel]]s and [[ferries]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Assistance of approx of about Rs. 1891 crore released under Sagarmala schemes, 151 projects sanctioned till date |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1885078 |publisher=Pib.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=20 December 2022}}</ref> India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest [[peninsula]]s in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=India's Major Ports Handled Highest Ever Cargo Of 795 Million Tonne In FY23: Sarbananda Sonowal |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/business/india-major-ports-handled-highest-ever-cargo-o-795-million-tonne-in-fy23-sarbananda-sonowal-news-281980}}</ref>


[[Port Blair]] which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="ffgasjk">{{cite web|url=http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|title=MoS, GoI|archive-url=http://shipmin.gov.in/writereaddata/l892s/37906741-NonMajorp.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established [[Sagar Mala project]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015754/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=Economic Times, Times of India|date=27 March 2015}}</ref> and National Maritime Development Programme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2015|title=National Maritime Development Programme|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=133484|access-date=2022-02-03|website=|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>
[[Port Blair]] which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="ffgasjk">{{cite web|url=http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|title=MoS, GoI|archive-url=http://shipmin.gov.in/writereaddata/l892s/37906741-NonMajorp.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established [[Sagar Mala project]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015754/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=Economic Times, Times of India|date=27 March 2015}}</ref> and National Maritime Development Program.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2015|title=National Maritime Development Programme|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=133484|access-date=2022-02-03|website=|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>


==Classification of ports==
==Classification of ports==


According to [[Constitution of India]], [[maritime transport]] is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's [[Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (India)|shipping ministry]] administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[West Bengal]]. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving [[public–private partnership]].
According to [[Constitution of India]], [[maritime transport]] is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's [[Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (India)|shipping ministry]] administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[West Bengal]]. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving [[public–private partnership]].


The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Gateway|date=2019-04-05|title=GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19|url=http://www.maritimegateway.com/gmb-ports-handle-400-mmt-cargo-2018-19/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Maritime Gateway}}</ref> Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/maharashtra-maritime-board-sets-record-of-handling-71-mn-tons-of-cargo-in-2022-23/99192607 | title=Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra }}</ref>
The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Gateway|date=2019-04-05|title=GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19|url=http://www.maritimegateway.com/gmb-ports-handle-400-mmt-cargo-2018-19/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Maritime Gateway}}</ref> Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/maharashtra-maritime-board-sets-record-of-handling-71-mn-tons-of-cargo-in-2022-23/99192607 | title=Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra }}</ref>
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===Ship building===
===Ship building===
India has been building large ships after the independence using public sector companies like [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders]] and [[Cochin Shipyard]].The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the ''MV Rani Padmini'', which was delivered in July 1981.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sailing-successfully-through-a-sea-of-change/article5019891.ece</ref> India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under [[Third Vajpayee ministry]], The ship named ''Maharshi Parashuram'' built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] was 237 metre long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 hp engine.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/indias-biggest-oil-tanker-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/431598387.cms</ref> ''Abul Kalam Azad'' is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] in 1999 which has been scrapped.<ref>https://splash247.com/shipping-corporation-of-india-sends-ageing-tanker-for-scrap/</ref>
India has been building large ships after the independence using public sector companies like [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders]] and [[Cochin Shipyard]].The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the ''MV Rani Padmini'', which was delivered in July 1981.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sailing-successfully-through-a-sea-of-change/article5019891.ece</ref> India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under [[Third Vajpayee ministry]], The ship named ''Maharshi Parashuram'' built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] was 237 meter long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 HP engine.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/indias-biggest-oil-tanker-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/431598387.cms</ref> ''Abul Kalam Azad'' is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] in 1999 which has been scrapped.<ref>https://splash247.com/shipping-corporation-of-india-sends-ageing-tanker-for-scrap/</ref>


===Ship breaking===
===Ship breaking===
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Revision as of 10:27, 30 October 2024

Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (informally called minor ports). As of 2024, there are 14 major ports and 217 non-major ports across the country. Major ports are under the administrative control of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways of the Government of India, while non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective state governments—this also includes private ports running under the public–private partnership (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by fishing vessels and ferries.[1] India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.[2]

Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.[3] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project,[4] and National Maritime Development Program.[5]

Classification of ports

According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.[6] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.[7]

Capacity

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa.[8] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020.[9]

Ship building

India has been building large ships after the independence using public sector companies like Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders and Cochin Shipyard.The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the MV Rani Padmini, which was delivered in July 1981.[10] India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under Third Vajpayee ministry, The ship named Maharshi Parashuram built by Cochin Shipyard was 237 meter long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 HP engine.[11] Abul Kalam Azad is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by Cochin Shipyard in 1999 which has been scrapped.[12]

Ship breaking

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.[13] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard.[13] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit.[14]

Major ports

List of ports in India is located in India
Kandla
Paradeep
Navi Mumbai
Visakhapatanam
Mumbai
Kolkata
Chennai
Mangaluru
Ennore
Thoothukkudi
Kochi
Marmuagao
class=notpageimage|
Location of 13 major ports of India.

The port's under central Government of india are known as Major port and other ports in India are classified as minor ports.The following are the major ports of India:[15][16]

No. Name Estb. Year Image Area(km^2) City State Cargo handled in MTPA
(FY2022-23)
1 Chennai Port 1881 Chennai Tamil Nadu 51.88
2 Cochin Port 1928 Kochi Kerala 37.34
3 Deendayal Port 1965 900.83km2[17] Kandla Gujarat 129.10[18]
4 Jawaharlal Nehru Port 1988 33.7 km2 Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 78.06
5 Kamarajar Port 2001 Ennore Tamil Nadu 11.08
6 Mormugao Port 1985

Mormugao Goa 19.5
7 Mumbai Port 1873 Mumbai Maharashtra 62.08
8 New Mangalore Port 1974 8.22 km2 Mangaluru Karnataka 36.65
9 Paradip Port 1966 25.44 km2 Paradeep Odisha 148.75[19]
10 Kolkata Port Trust 1977 25.77 km2 Haldia West Bengal 107.77
11 Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port 1870 Kolkata West Bengal 66.4
12 Visakhapatnam Port 1933 Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 67.43
13 V. O. Chidambaranar Port 1974 2.428 km2 Thoothukkudi Tamil Nadu 52.33


Private Ports

No. Name of the Port Estb. Year Image City State Ownership
1 Mundra Port 1998 Mundra Gujarat Adani Group
2 Karaikal Port 2009 Karaikal Puducherry Adani Group
3 JSW Jaigad Port 2006 Ratnagiri district Maharashtra JSW Group
4 Krishnapatnam Port 2008 Krishnapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
5 JSW Dharamtar Port 2012 Alibag Maharashtra JSW Group
6 Hazira Port 2013 Hazira Gujarat Adani Group
7 Dighi Port 2000 Raigad district Maharashtra Adani Group
8 Dhamra Port 2011 Bhadrak district Odisha Adani Group
9 Gopalpur port 2013 Chhatrapur Odisha Shapoorji Pallonji Group
10 Gangavaram Port 2009 Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
11 Kattupalli Port 2012 Kattupalli Tamil Nadu Adani Group
12 Dahej Port 2010 Bharuch district Gujarat Adani Group
13 Kakinada Port 1999 East Godavari Andhra Pradesh Aurobindo Group
14 Tuna Port 2022[20] Tuna Gujarat Adani Group
15 Port Pipavav 2002 Pipavav Gujarat APM Terminals
16 Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram 2024 Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Kerala Government & run by Adani Group

Unranked ports

See also

References

  1. ^ "Financial Assistance of approx of about Rs. 1891 crore released under Sagarmala schemes, 151 projects sanctioned till date". Pib.gov.in. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  2. ^ "India's Major Ports Handled Highest Ever Cargo Of 795 Million Tonne In FY23: Sarbananda Sonowal". Outlook. Press Trust of India. 28 April 2023.
  3. ^ "MoS, GoI". Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2019.
  4. ^ "Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project". Economic Times, Times of India. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  5. ^ "National Maritime Development Programme". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  6. ^ Media, Gateway (5 April 2019). "GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19". Maritime Gateway. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  7. ^ "Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra".
  8. ^ Rajan, Jessica (28 July 2023). "Cargo handling capacity of ports to rise in 2024". The Economic Times.
  9. ^ "Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 estimates investments of Rs. 1,00,000–1,25,000 crore for capacity augmentation and development of world-class infrastructure at Indian Ports".
  10. ^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sailing-successfully-through-a-sea-of-change/article5019891.ece
  11. ^ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/indias-biggest-oil-tanker-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/431598387.cms
  12. ^ https://splash247.com/shipping-corporation-of-india-sends-ageing-tanker-for-scrap/
  13. ^ a b India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  14. ^ Sucheth, P R (26 May 2014). "Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Cargo handling capacity of Major Ports of the country has gone up to 1617.39 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) as on March 2023". Pib.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Operational Details". Indian Ports Association. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  17. ^ https://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  18. ^ "Deendayal Port vows to wrest back top slot in cargo handling among major ports in 3-4 years - ET Infra".
  19. ^ https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/paradip-port-becomes-highest-cargo-handling-major-port-of-the-country-101712061221295.html [bare URL]
  20. ^ "Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore". 13 October 2022.
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