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== Dutch Culture and Museums ==
== Dutch Culture and Museums ==
I have started doing more to translate, create and improve relate to culture, politics and society in the Netherlands.
A 2024 project - I have started doing more to translate, create and improve relate to culture, politics and society in the Netherlands. In particular, Dutch Museums
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|[[Museum Het Prinsenhof|Het Prinsenhof]]
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|Delft
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|[[Textile Museum (Tilburg)|Textile Museum]]
|[[Textile Museum (Tilburg)|Textile Museum]]
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|[[De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art|De Pont Museum]]
|[[De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art|De Pont Museum]]
|Tilburg
|Tilburg
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|[[Museum De Lakenhal|Lakenhal]]
|[[Museum De Lakenhal|Lakenhal]]
|Leiden
|Leiden
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|[[Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen]]
|[[Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen]]
|Rotterdam
|Rotterdam
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|[[Depot Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen|Depot Museum Boijmans van Beuningen]]
|[[Depot Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen|Depot Museum Boijmans van Beuningen]]
|Rotterdam
|Rotterdam
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|[[Fotomuseum Den Haag|Fotomuseum]]
|[[Fotomuseum Den Haag|Fotomuseum]]
|The Hague
|The Hague
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|[[Kunstmuseum Den Haag|Kunstmuseum]]
|[[Kunstmuseum Den Haag|Kunstmuseum]]
|The Hague
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|[[Beelden_aan_Zee]]
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|[[Design Museum Dedel]]
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|[[Escher in the Palace]]
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|The Hague
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|[[Kinderboekenmuseum]]
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|[[Museum Meermanno|Huis van het Boek]]
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=== Useful links ===
== Sections and notes for improving Kunstmuseum page ==


* [[List of museums in the Netherlands]]
== History ==


== Sections and notes for improving Kunstmuseum page ==
=== 1866 - 1912 ===

On 29 May 1866, a group of artists and collectors in The Hague established ''The Society for the Development of a Museum of Modern Art'' (Dutch: ''Vereeniging tot het oprigten van een Museum van Moderne Kunst''.) The artworks brought together by this group would form the original core of the Kunstmuseum. (29)

Among the initiators were the Hague politician Hugo Ferdinand (otherwise known Baron van Zuylen van Nijevelt ), the Director of the Mauritshuis, Jean Zacharie Mazel, the artists David Bles, Louwrens Hanedoes, Carel Vosmaer, the architect Henri Camp, the former minister Agnites Vrolik, and Hendrik Steengracht van Oosterland, a representative of King William III.[5] Later directors of the association included the artists Philip Sadée, Hendrik Willem Mesdag, Jacob Maris, Salomon Verveer and Johannes Stroebel. The association also had many artists and notables among its members, including Princes Frederik and Alexander of the Netherlands.[6] The association started by purchasing paintings and was soon looking for exhibition space. The Sint-Sebastiaansdoelen and Panorama Mesdag, among others, were used temporarily as accommodation. [7]

By 1871, the council had taken the decision to start a gemeetnemuseum, including both historical objects and artworks, and contemporary artworks donated by The Society. The historical objects would be managed by the council, and the contemporary art by the Society. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1871-06-01 |title=Algemeen Handelsblad |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010099530:mpeg21:p002 |access-date=2024-09-04 |work=Algemeen Handelsblad}}</ref> It was on the Korte Beestemarkt.(opening hours) <ref>{{Cite news |date=1871-09-11 |title=Dagblad van Zuidholland en 's Gravenhage |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=MMKB19:000881062:mpeg21:a00003 |access-date=2024-09-04 |work=Dagblad van Zuidholland en 's Gravenhage}}</ref> visit by queen within a <ref>{{Cite news |date=1871-12-12 |title=Het vaderland |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=MMKB23:001389141:mpeg21:a00006 |access-date=2024-09-04 |work=Het vaderland}}</ref> It included paintings such as Jan Van Goyen's 'View of The Hague from the South East' <ref>{{Cite news |date=1873-01-29 |title=Dagblad van Zuidholland en 's Gravenhage |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=MMKB19:000882024:mpeg21:a00005 |access-date=2024-09-01 |work=Dagblad van Zuidholland en 's Gravenhage}}</ref> - now in the Haags Historisch Museum<ref>{{Cite web |title=View of The Hague from the southeast |url=https://www.haagshistorischmuseum.nl/en/museum/collection/masterpieces/view-of-the-hague-from-the-southeast |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Haags Historisch Museum |language=en}}</ref>

The museum collection continued to grow through the later parts of the nineteenth century, outgrowing the space at Korte Beestemarkt. In 1883, the curators asked the council for funds for the refurbishment of the St Sebastian building in Korte Vijverberg.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1883-01-10 |title=VERVOLG DER NIEUWSTIJDINGEN. |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010165273:mpeg21:a0020 |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=Algemeen Handelsblad}}</ref> The new location was opened in July 1884.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1884-07-08 |title=Dagblad van Zuidholland en 's Gravenhage |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=MMKB19:003628057:mpeg21:a00009 |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=Dagblad van Zuidholland en 's Gravenhage}}</ref> Space continued to be a problem, however, and temporary exhibitions continued to be shown at other locations in The Hague.

=== '''1912 - 1935''' ===
1912 saw the appointment of Hendrik van Gelder, who was already the official archivist for The Hague, as director of the Gemeentemuseum. His leadership would prove vital to the museum's dramatic evolution. Renewing the building was his primary concern. Extensive investigation from a couple of years before had confirmed that the St Sebastian building was completely unsuited to the collection - the building was vulnerable to fire, the quality of light poor, the rooms too small. Additionally, the original merging of two collections (of older, and contemporary art) confused the purpose and presentation of the museum.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hardeman |first=Doede |title=Het gedroomde museum: Kunstmuseum Den Haag |last2=Overeem |first2=Jet van |date=2021 |publisher=nai010 uitgevers |others=Kunstmuseum Den Haag |isbn=978-94-6208-626-5 |editor-last=Bruijn |editor-first=Jan de |location=Rotterdam |page=41 |editor-last2=Schreurs |editor-first2=Gerrit}}</ref> Within a couple years of his appointment, van Gelder presented ideas to mayor and council of The Hague for a new building for modern art. It was envisaged as being part of a huge complex of cultural institutions, with no less than five separate museums. {{Sfn|Hardeman||p=37}} The First World War delayed any formal decision, but by 1918, the city council not only decided to approve van Gelder's ideas, but establish a Department for Art and Science (in Dutch: ''Dienst voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen'') to give continued government support. {{Sfn|Hardeman||p=39}}

The renowned Dutch architect [[H. P. Berlage|Hendrik Petrus Berlage]] was appointed in 1919. He worked with van Gelder to devise this new cultural complex for The Hague, based on a site on the Stadshouderlaan, a little to the north west of the city centre. A first project idea was exhibited at a renowned art studio in The Hague, the Pulchri Studio, and was popular with the general public. It formed a u-shape, with two wings - one wing a museum for modern art, and the other one for applied arts. There was also a concert building, and space for other cultural activities.<ref name=":0" /> However, The Hague council found the plans too expensive and too ambitious. Nevertheless some of the ideas - such as the reflective pond, and the notion of a complex of buildings - would remain in the ultimate design.<ref name=":0" /> Berlage's more modest design of 1922 were also rejected, and the council cooled on the overall idea of a set of buildings with multiple cultural purposes.

Frustrated at the lack of action, the director Van Gelder threatened to resign. Things now started moving. A firmer set of requirements was created. There was clarity concerning the collection development of the museum. The Gemeentemuseum would be a museum for art from 1800 onwards; earlier art would to be exhibited at the [[Mauritshuis]]). The cost of the new building would be around 2.5m guilders, and it would cover a space of maximum 5,000 m2.<ref name=":0" />

Within 2 years Berlage had produced designs that would result in the current building. Work started in 1931<ref>{{Cite news |date=1931-06-20 |title=HET NIEUWE GEMEENTEMUSEUM. Aanbieding van een geschenk. |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010661752:mpeg21:a0143 |access-date=2024-09-12 |work=Algemeen Handelsblad}}</ref>, but it would turn out to be Berlage's last design. The architect died in 1934.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1934-08-13 |title=Dr H. P. Berlage overleden – „The grand old man" der bouwkunst Van zijn bouwwerken is een sterke en blijvende invloed uitgegaan |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010015508:mpeg21:a0127 |access-date=2024-09-12 |work=Het Vaderland : staat- en letterkundig nieuwsblad}}</ref> The work was faithfully completed under the direction of Berlage's son-in-law, E.E. Strasser.

=== 1935 - ?? ===
The new Berlage-designed museum was opened on 29 May 1935. The new, chronologically displayed collection, allowed the curators to exhibit twenieth-century art to the public. This included a room specially dedicated to female painters (such as who, 49)

Second World War

As with the rest of the Netherlands, The Hague was occupied by the Nazi forces. As The Hague lios on the coast and was therefore vulnerable to attack, the Germans starte building a defensive line across the city - Berlage's building was earmarked to be destroyed as part of this. After protests from the museum staff, the Germans relented. The colletion, in the mean time, was deposited in safer places across the Netherlands, and the Nazis used the empty rooms for storage.

Post-War Period

First femail director

use of park and garden

Further modern design and art exhibitions

Acquisition of Picasso and Mondrian

1962 - new wing

'''Late Twentith CEntury'''

Continues modernist focus

1982 - Museon

1989 - rebuilding

1990 - sollewit relied

1992. - lange voorhous exhitin space

21st CEntury

- 2002 - Esche in jet Paleis

Hall?

== Berlage Building ==
The current home of the Kunstmuseum is a purpose built museum designed by the Dutch architect, [[H. P. Berlage|H.P. Berlage]]. Although Berlage died just before its completion (with his son-in-law Emil Emanuel Strasser overseeing the building's final touches), it stayed faithful to Berlage's distinctive, inventive vision. It has been called "the dream museum", with a "completely separate goal ... than to museums of the time in the Netherlands." <ref name="gedroomd">{{Cite book |last=Hardeman |first=Doede |title=Het gedroomde museum: Kunstmuseum Den Haag |last2=Overeem |first2=Jet van |date=2021 |publisher=nai010 uitgevers |others=Kunstmuseum Den Haag |isbn=978-94-6208-626-5 |editor-last=Bruijn |editor-first=Jan de |location=Rotterdam |editor-last2=Schreurs |editor-first2=Gerrit}}</ref> The final result was "not a pompous temple of art ... but a [museum of] simple, sober and accessible appearance; not imposing but inviting." <ref extends="gedroomd">Page 48.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardeman |first=Doede |title=Het gedroomde museum: Kunstmuseum Den Haag |last2=Overeem |first2=Jet van |date=2021 |publisher=nai010 uitgevers |others=Kunstmuseum Den Haag |isbn=978-94-6208-626-5 |editor-last=Bruijn |editor-first=Jan de |location=Rotterdam |editor-last2=Schreurs |editor-first2=Gerrit}}</ref>

Nevertheless, this sober and accessible appearance was not to the liking of all early critics, more familiar with museums in the grand classical style. The use of everyday bricks rather than more opulent stones such as marble and granite was criticised. It lacked majesty. Others compared the building to a factory or a swimming pool, especially because of the two high towers at the back of the building complex.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1935-05-29 |title=Het nieuwe Haagsclie Gemeentemuseum officieel geopend Verlies ,,Bouwen is Dienen" in steen en ruimte EEN INTERIEUR VAN GRÖOTSGHHEID EN LICHT |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010015996:mpeg21:a0203 |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=Het Vaderland : staat- en letterkundig nieuwsblad}}</ref> The inside of the building was immediately praised, however. The impressive entrance hall, with coloured tiles, columns and hall was particularly well received.{{Sfn|Hardeman||p=35}} This dual consideration was so summarised by one newspaper: "There is little to admire on the outside of Berlage's final creation, but on the inside there are many attractive features, and in general the whole complex of rooms creates the pleasant, calming and intimate feel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1935-05-29 |title=KUNST HET HAAGSCHE MUSEUM VAN BINNEN Nergens is het koud of hol. |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010663966:mpeg21:a0204 |access-date=2024-09-14 |work=Algemeen Handelsblad}}</ref>

Although the building appears constructed from distinctive yellow bricks, Berlage was enthusiastic about the possibilities of modern materials, such as reinforced concrete. As photographs taken during the construction indicate, the structural parts of the museum were built from iron and concrete.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1932-04-27 |title=Een koninklijke gift. — Emmabloemcollecte te Den Haag. |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010535064:mpeg21:a0093 |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=De Tijd : godsdienstig-staatkundig dagblad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1933-02-04 |title=DE BOUW van het gemeentemuseum té den Haag n |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010534273:mpeg21:a0090 |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=De Tijd : godsdienstig-staatkundig dagblad}}</ref> Only when this was finished were the bricks added as decorative elements around the concrete framework. To emphasise the decorative nature of the bricks, Berlage stipulated that each layer of bricks must be perpendicular to the level below it (and therefore be much weaker than the usual parallel layering of bricks).

Another unique aspect of Berlage's design was the central role played by the number 11. Many of the architectural elements are determined by the number 11, or multiples thereof. Most of the 4 million yellow bricks used in the building have a dimension of 5.5cm * 22cm * 11cm. The width of windows panes in 44cm.

The then director of the museum, Hans van Gelder, worked closely with Berlage on the design. One point of contention was the light source in the galleries. After much experimentation and argument, Berlage settled on an novel design. Unlike most museums, which had artificial lighting in the ceiling, the museum would make use of natural daylight, with blinds in the skylights above regulating the intensity of the light. "Light, light, Berlage has captured the magic of light here", one journalist marvelled.<ref name=":1" /> Newspapers also reported "all kinds of ingenious installations" as part of the modern design of the building - the warming, the ventilation and the lighting on the facade were all innovations for museums of the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1935-10-17 |title=De Y.A.N.K. in het nieuwe Gemeente-Museum De heer Strasser over den bouw. |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010016234:mpeg21:a0089 |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=Het Vaderland : staat- en letterkundig nieuwsblad}}</ref>

See also Jet van O essay

Collections

Noted Exhibitions

Controversies & Other Points of Interest

Governance

*
* Wim van Krimpen 2000 - 2008, https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/van-krimpen-verlaat-haags-museum~bee8d171/, https://www.volkskrant.nl/voorpagina/overstap-van-krimpen-verrast-museumwereld~bf83c854/


==Bernini Project==
==Bernini Project==
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== References ==
== References ==


<ref name="gedroomd">''Het gedroomde museum: Kunstmuseum Den Haag''. nai010, 2021.</ref>
<ref name="gedroomd">{{Cite book |last=Hardeman |first=Doede |title=Het gedroomde museum: Kunstmuseum Den Haag |last2=Overeem |first2=Jet van |date=2021 |publisher=nai010 uitgevers |others=Kunstmuseum Den Haag |isbn=978-94-6208-626-5 |editor-last=Bruijn |editor-first=Jan de |location=Rotterdam |editor-last2=Schreurs |editor-first2=Gerrit}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:55, 6 October 2024

Dutch Culture and Museums

A 2024 project - I have started doing more to translate, create and improve relate to culture, politics and society in the Netherlands. In particular, Dutch Museums

Museum Location My Edits Overall Edits Page View (English) Page Views (All)
Het Prinsenhof Delft My Edits Overall Edits Page View Statistics All Langauges
Archeon Alphen My Edits
Textile Museum Tilburg My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
De Pont Museum Tilburg My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
Lakenhal Leiden My Edits Page View Stats All languages
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Rotterdam My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
Depot Museum Boijmans van Beuningen Rotterdam My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
Fotomuseum The Hague My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
Kunstmuseum The Hague My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
KM21 The Hague My Edits Page View Stats All languages
Haags Historisch Museum The Hague My Edits Page View Stats All languages
Beelden_aan_Zee The Hague My Edits Page View Stats All languages
Design Museum Dedel The Hague My Edits
Escher in the Palace The Hague My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages
Kinderboekenmuseum The Hague My Edits
Huis van het Boek The Hague My Edits Overall Edits Page View Stats All languages

Sections and notes for improving Kunstmuseum page

Bernini Project

I work largely on the Bernini Project - The Bernini Project aims to fully represent the Italian artist Gianlorenzo Bernini on Wikipedia. There are some related webpages at http://berniniproject.wordpress.com/ I'm very keen to find others who might want to help with this. This includes various Wikidata items and exhibitions on Bernini as well. For example

Artemisia Gentileschi

Equally, I am happy to help other on art history type projects, such as on Artemisia Gentileschi. As well as the paintings, this includes a bibliography



Michaelina Wautier

I've also started and contributed to articles on Flemish seventeenth-century painter Michaelina Wautier.


Sofonisba Anguissola


Basic Income

I also contribute to WikiProject on Basic Income. I am also slowly working on the Poverty in the UK page.

Copy Editing

I also do plenty of copy editing

References

[1]

  1. ^ Hardeman, Doede; Overeem, Jet van (2021). Bruijn, Jan de; Schreurs, Gerrit (eds.). Het gedroomde museum: Kunstmuseum Den Haag. Kunstmuseum Den Haag. Rotterdam: nai010 uitgevers. ISBN 978-94-6208-626-5.