1523

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s
Years:	1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526

1523 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1523 MDXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2276
Armenian calendar	972 ԹՎ ՋՀԲ
Assyrian calendar	6273
Balinese saka calendar	1444–1445
Bengali calendar	930
Berber calendar	2473
English Regnal year	14 Hen. 8 – 15 Hen. 8
Buddhist calendar	2067
Burmese calendar	885
Byzantine calendar	7031–7032
Chinese calendar	壬午年 (Water Horse) 4220 or 4013     — to — 癸未年 (Water Goat) 4221 or 4014
Coptic calendar	1239–1240
Discordian calendar	2689
Ethiopian calendar	1515–1516
Hebrew calendar	5283–5284
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1579–1580
- Shaka Samvat	1444–1445
- Kali Yuga	4623–4624
Holocene calendar	11523
Igbo calendar	523–524
Iranian calendar	901–902
Islamic calendar	929–930
Japanese calendar	Daiei 3 (大永３年)
Javanese calendar	1440–1442
Julian calendar	1523 MDXXIII
Korean calendar	3856
Minguo calendar	389 before ROC 民前389年
Nanakshahi calendar	55
Thai solar calendar	2065–2066
Tibetan calendar	阳水马年 (male Water-Horse) 1649 or 1268 or 496     — to — 阴水羊年 (female Water-Goat) 1650 or 1269 or 497

The Frisian rebellion ends, fought by the Arumer Black Heap

Year 1523 (MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 20 – Christian II is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway after the herredag at Viborg renounced their allegiance in favor of Frederick I.
• May – The Ningbo Incident: Two rival trade delegations from Japan feud in the Chinese city of Ningbo, resulting in the pillage and plunder of the city.
• June 3 – Santhome Church was established by Portuguese explorers over the tomb of Saint Thomas the Apostle in Chennai, India.
• June 6 – Gustav Vasa is elected king of Sweden, finally establishing the full independence of Sweden from Denmark, which marks the end of the Kalmar Union. This event is also traditionally considered to be the establishment of the modern Swedish nation.

July–December

• c. July – Martin Luther's translation of the Pentateuch into German (Das allte Testament Deutsch) is published by Melchior Lotter Jr. in Wittenberg.
• July 1 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake in Brussels at the Grote Markt. In response to the executions, Martin Luther composed a hymn called "A New Song Be By Us Begun".
• July 7 – Wijerd Jelckama, a Frisian warlord and military commander, is executed in Leeuwarden, ending the Frisian rebellion fought by the Arumer Black Heap.
• July 25 - In what is now Mexico, the conquistador Gonzalo de Sandoval founds the city of Colima.
• September 22 – Spanish conquest of Nicaragua: Agreement for an expedition by conquistadores into Nicaragua.
• November 19 – Following the death of Pope Adrian VI, the Medici cardinal is elected 219th pope as Clement VII.

Date unknown

• The Ming dynasty Chinese navy captures two Western ships with Portuguese breech–loading culverins aboard, which the Chinese call a fo–lang–ji (Frankish culverin). According to the Ming Shi, these cannons are soon presented to the Jiajing Emperor by Wang Hong, and their design is copied in 1529.
• Franconian War: The Swabian League destroys 23 robber baron castles.
• In northern Italy, a French army tries to recover Milan but fails due to an offensive by Spanish, Imperial and English troops.

Births

Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry

Queen Anna

• January 29 – Enea Vico, Italian engraver (d. 1567)
• February 1 – Francesco Abbondio Castiglioni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1568)
• February 13 – Valentin Naboth, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1593)
• February 20 – Jan Blahoslav, Czech writer (d. 1571)
• March 14 – Helena Magenbuch, German pharmacist (d. 1597)
• March 17 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)
• March 21 – Kaspar Eberhard, German theologian (d. 1575)
• April 5 – Blaise de Vigenère, French diplomat and cryptographer (d. 1596)
• April 21 – Marco Antonio Bragadin, Venetian lawyer and military officer (d. 1571)
• June 5 – Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1574)
• July 4 – Pier Francesco Orsini, Italian condottiero and art patron (d. 1583)
• July 18 – Duke George II of Brieg (1547–1586) (d. 1586)
• September 21 – Sancho d'Avila, Spanish general (d. 1583)
• September 22 – Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, French church leader and pretender to the throne (d. 1590)
• October 10 – Ludwig Rabus, German martyrologist (d. 1592)
• October 11 – Eleonore of Fürstenberg, wife of Philip IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1544)
• October 18 – Anna Jagiellon, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1596)
• date unknown
  • Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist and physician (d. 1562)
  • Martín Cortés, Spanish conquistador (d. 1589)
  • Francisco Foreiro, Portuguese Dominican theologian and biblist (d. 1581)
  • Gaspara Stampa, Italian poet (d. 1554)
• probable – Crispin van den Broeck, Flemish painter (d. 1591)
• possible – Catherine Howard, fifth queen of Henry VIII of England, (b. between 1518 and 1524; executed 1542)

Deaths

Pope Adrian VI

Pietro Perugino

• February 4 – Thomas Ruthall, English chancellor of the University of Cambridge
• March 28 – Louis I, Count of Löwenstein, founder of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim (b. 1463)
• April 6 – Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English nobleman (b. 1479)
• May 7
  • Antonio Grimani, Italian admiral (b. 1434)
  • Franz von Sickingen, German knight (b. 1481)
• May 23 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (b. 1466)
• May 24 – Henry Marney, 1st Baron Marney, English politician (b. 1447)
• July 1 – Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, Flemish Lutheran martyrs
• July 7 – Wijerd Jelckama, Frisian rebel and warlord (b. 1490)
• August 13 – Gerard David, Flemish artist (b. c. 1455)
• August 27 – Domenico Grimani, Italian nobleman (b. 1461)
• August 29 – Ulrich von Hutten, Lutheran reformer (b. 1488)
• September 14 – Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
• October 5 – Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania (1474–1523) (b. 1454)
• October 11 – Bartolomeo Montagna, Italian painter (b. 1450)
• November 10 – Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief, Scottish clan chief (b. 1465)
• October – William Cornysh, English composer (b. 1465)
• date unknown
  • Cecilia Månsdotter, Swedish noble (b. c. 1476)
  • Alessandro Alessandri, Italian jurist (b. 1461)
  • Pietro Perugino, Italian painter (b. 1446)