Lusophone: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 23:57, 5 April 2023

Lusophones (Template:Lang-pt) are peoples that speak Portuguese as a native or as common second language and nations where Portuguese features prominently in society. Is a group of Portuguese-speaking nations that share cultural or historical ties with the Portugal, and which today maintain close political, diplomatic and military co-operation. Comprising an estimated 300 million people spread across 10 sovereign countries and territories, thus called Lusofonia or the Lusophone world (Template:Lang-pt), is the community of Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) world; these include Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Galicia, Guinea Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Macau, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe, East Timor, Uruguay, Cochin, Azores, Madeira, Goa, Daman and Diu, Singapore and Malacca to various degrees.

The history of the Lusophone world is intrinsically linked with the history of the Portuguese Empire, although the Portuguese diaspora, the Brazilian diaspora and the Cape Verdean diaspora communities have also played a role in spreading the Portuguese language and Lusophone culture. Portuguese-speaking nations cooperate in politics, culture and the economy through the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP).

Etymology

A Lusophone speaking Portuguese, recorded in the United States

The term Lusophone is a classical compound, wherein the combining form "Luso-" derives from the Latin term for an area roughly corresponding to modern Portugal, called Lusitania.^[1] The suffix "-phone" derives from the Ancient Greek word Template:Wiktgrc (phōnē), meaning "voice".

History

Once the Portuguese mainland space had been established with the conquest of the Algarve, the last kings of the first dynasty dedicated themselves to organizing the national territory: they promoted settlement, agricultural exploitation, the creation of trade structures, the creation of defenses, not so much the south as east, &c. In this way, the Avis dynasty was able to engage in a new process of territorial expansion, which began in 1415 with the capture of Ceuta.

This was followed by the feat of the Discoveries, which involved the discovery of the archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores, the arrival in South America and various parts of Sub-Saharan Africa to Asia and the Pacific Ocean, such as Goa, Malacca, Macau and East Timor.

This long historical process has currently resulted in a cultural identity shared by eight countries, united by a shared past and by a language that, enriched in its diversity, is recognized as one. These countries - Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe and Timor-Leste -, (in addition to the special administrative region of Macau) with their respective nuclei of emigrants, make the Portuguese language one of the most spoken languages in the world, constituting a community of more than two hundred and forty million people. Lusofonia can also be the platform from which the peoples who speak Portuguese today will be able to approach and expand the scope and action of the CPLP.

Language and ethnicities in Portuguese-speaking areas around the world

Continent/region	Country/territory	Languages spoken^[2]	Ethnic groups^[3]
Europe	Portugal	Portuguese (official), Galician, Mirandese	Ancient civilizations: (Iberians, Celts, Greeks, Romans, Goths or Germans, Arabs, Jews or Sephardim, Phoenicians, Berbers and other African peoples, Guanches, Vikings, Gypsies and among others).
	Andorra	Catalan 38.1% (Official), Spanish, French and Portuguese 15%.	Spanish, French and Portuguese.
	Galicia (autonomous community of Spain)	Galician, Spanish (official). Portuguese	Galicians, Spaniards, Portuguese
	Luxembourg	Luxembourgish (official), German, French; Portuguese is spoken by 18% of the population	Ancient Civilizations (Celts or Gauls, Romans, Goths or Germans and among others)
South America	Brazil	Portuguese (Official). Spanish, Italian, German, Guaraní and other Amerindian languages of the Amazonia.	White 39.1% (Mainly of Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, and German descent), Brown 27.6%, Black 31.9%, Asian 1.1% (Mainly Chinese, Japanese, and Korean), and Amerindian 0.3%.
	Argentina	Spanish (official), Portuguese other European and Amerindian languages	European Argentine (mostly Spanish and Italian descent, (including Arab) and Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian ancestry) 97.2%, Amerindian 2.4%, Black 0.4%. (See: Argentinian people)
	Paraguay	Paraguayan Guaraní (official), Spanish (official), Portuguese	Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian) 95%, Other 5%
	Uruguay	Spanish (official), Uruguayan Portuguese	White (mostly from Spanish and Italian ancestries) 87.7%, Black 4.6%, Amerindian 2.4%, Yellow (East Asian descent), Other/unspecified 5.1%
	Venezuela	Spanish (official), Portuguese, numerous indigenous dialects	Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian ancestry) 49,9%, White 43,6%, Black 3,5% and Amerindians 2,7% (See: Venezuelan people)
North America	Canada	English 57.2% and French 21.8% (Official). Other non-official languages 19.7%: Spanish, Portuguese 1-2%, Chinese, Vietnamese, Italian, German, Punjabi, Cree, Inuktitut, Ojibwa and Inuktitut.	90% White (primarily of British and French descent), Mixed Race, African American, Native American, and Asian.
North America	United States	English 78.1%, Spanish 13.5%, other Indo-European 3.7%, Asian and Pacific Islander languages 3.6%, other 1.2% (2018 census), Portuguese 0.5% (Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii).	White 79.96%, Black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska Native 0.97%, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific islanders 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate)
Caribbean Islands	ABC islands	Dutch, Papiamento (Portuguese creole), (official); English	Afro-Caribbean people, mestizos, Dutch
Sub-Saharan Africa	Angola	Portuguese (official), umbundu, kimbundu, kikongo, chokwe language, Kituba and kwanyama	Blacks and mulattoes (mestizos - Africans and Portuguese).
	Cape Verde	Portuguese (official), Cape Verdean Creole	Blacks and mulattoes (mestizos - Africans and Portuguese).
	Guinea Bissau	Portuguese (official), Guinea-Bissau Creole, Balanta, Fula, Mandjak, Mandinka and Papel	Blacks and mulattoes (mestizos - Africans and Portuguese).
	Equatorial Guinea	Spanish, French, Portuguese (official), Fang, Bubi, bioko, Fá d'Ambô, Balengue, Ibo and Kombe	Blacks: (Fangs 85.7%, Bubis 6.5%, Mdowes 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujebas 1.1% and others 1.4%) (1994 Census) and mulattos (mestizos - Africans and Spaniards).
	Mozambique	Portuguese (official), Swahili, Makhuwa, Sena, Ndau, Tswa-Ronga (Tsonga), Lomwe, Ekoti, Makonde, Chopi, Chuwabu, Ronga, Kimwani, Shona, Chichewa	Blacks and mulattoes (mestizos - Africans and Portuguese).
	São Tomé and Príncipe	Portuguese (official), Forro, Angolar and Principense.	Blacks and mulattoes (mestizos - Africans and Portuguese).
Asia-Pacific	Batticaloa (Sri Lanka territory)	Sinhala language and Tamil (official). Sri Lankan Portuguese creole	Burgher people
	Macau (China special administrative region)	Chinese and Portuguese (Official). English, Japanese, and Tagalog.	Chinese: Han, Cantonese and Hakka, Japanese and Filipino.
	Malacca (Malaysia territory)	Malay and English (Official). Kristang language, a creole of Portuguese (Minority), Bahasa and Chinese.	About 2,000 Cristang (Portuguese Creoles) speakers
	East Timor	Tetun and Portuguese (Official). Bahasa Indonesia, Malay, English.	Austronesian or Malays, mestizos (European-Malay) 3.6% and European Creoles of Portuguese origin respectively.

Other areas where Portuguese is also spoken

Continent/region	Country/territory	Languages spoken^[2]	Ethnic groups^[3]
Macaronesia	Azores (Autonomous Regions of Portugal)	Portuguese (official)	Portuguese
Macaronesia	Madeira (Autonomous Regions of Portugal)	Portuguese (official)	Portuguese
Asia	Hong Kong (China special administrative region)	Chinese and English (Official). Portuguese	92.0% Han Chinese, 2.5% Filipino, 2.1% Indonesian ,0.8% White ,0.5% Indian, 0.3% Nepalese, 1.6% Others

Template:Lusophone countries

References

^ "lusophone, adj". OED Online. Oxford University Press. September 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
^ ^a ^b "The World Factbook: Languages". CIA.gov. Retrieved 19 January 2016.^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b "The World Factbook: Ethnicity Notes". CIA.gov. Retrieved 19 January 2016.^{[dead link‍]}

External links

Words Without Borders explores Lusophone literature in translation
Flavours of Lusophony (in Portuguese)

[1] "lusophone, adj". OED Online. Oxford University Press. September 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.

[cia.lang-2] "The World Factbook: Languages". CIA.gov. Retrieved 19 January 2016.^{[dead link‍]}

[cia.ethc-3] "The World Factbook: Ethnicity Notes". CIA.gov. Retrieved 19 January 2016.^{[dead link‍]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 {{legend|#00FF00|Portuguese speaking minorities}}
 {{legend|#FFFF40|Portuguese-based creole}}]]
-'''Lusophones''' ({{lang-pt|Lusófonos}}) are [[ethnic group|peoples]] that speak [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] as a [[native language|native]] or as common [[second language]] and nations where Portuguese features prominently in society. Is a group of Portuguese-speaking nations that share cultural or historical ties with the Portugal, and which today maintain close political, diplomatic and military co-operation. Comprising an estimated 270 million people spread across 10 sovereign countries and territories, thus called ''Lusofonia'' or the '''Lusophone world''' ({{lang-pt|Mundo Lusófono}}), is the community of Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) world; these include [[Angola]], [[Brazil]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Guinea Bissau]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Macau]], [[Mozambique]], [[Portugal]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[East Timor]], [[Uruguay]], [[Kochi|Cochin]], [[Azores]], [[Madeira]], [[Goa]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Singapore]] and [[Malacca]] to various degrees.
+'''Lusophones''' ({{lang-pt|Lusófonos}}) are [[ethnic group|peoples]] that speak [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] as a [[native language|native]] or as common [[second language]] and nations where Portuguese features prominently in society. Is a group of Portuguese-speaking nations that share cultural or historical ties with the Portugal, and which today maintain close political, diplomatic and military co-operation. Comprising an estimated 300 million people spread across 10 sovereign countries and territories, thus called ''Lusofonia'' or the '''Lusophone world''' ({{lang-pt|Mundo Lusófono}}), is the community of Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) world; these include [[Angola]], [[Brazil]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Guinea Bissau]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Macau]], [[Mozambique]], [[Portugal]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[East Timor]], [[Uruguay]], [[Kochi|Cochin]], [[Azores]], [[Madeira]], [[Goa]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Singapore]] and [[Malacca]] to various degrees.
 The history of the Lusophone world is intrinsically linked with the history of the [[Portuguese Empire]], although the [[Portuguese diaspora]], the [[Brazilian diaspora]] and the [[Cape Verdean diaspora]] communities have also played a role in spreading the [[Portuguese language]] and Lusophone culture. Portuguese-speaking nations cooperate in politics, culture and the economy through the [[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]] (CPLP).