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On 5 June 2022, Brazilian [[Indigenism|indigenist]] [[Bruno Pereira]] and British journalist [[Dom Phillips]] were murdered during a trip through the [[Vale do Javari]], the second-largest indigenous area in [[Brazil]], in the extreme western part of [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]].<ref name= uol>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/06/16/o-que-se-sabe-sobre-assassinato-dom-bruno.html|title=What is known so far about the murder of Dom and Bruno in the AM|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]|date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=June 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ana Maria Campos|author2=Roberto Fonseca|url=https://www.correibraziliense.com.br/brasil/2022/06/5015523-suspect-confess-murder-of-dom-e-bruno-na-amazonia.html|title=Suspect confesses to murder of Dom Phillips and Bruno in the Amazon|work=[[Correio Braziliense]]|date=June 15, 2022| accessdate=June 16, 2022}}</ref> They went to interview indigenous people in a place called Lago do Jaburu and then moved to the São Rafael community, where they met with a local fisherman. The crime occurred on the way between the community and the municipality of [[Atalaia do Norte]].<ref name=AB/><ref name=folha/><ref>{{cite web|author=Eduardo Militão|author2=Herculano Barreto Filho|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/06/15/corpos-bruno-e-dom-encontrados-amazonia.htm|title=Suspect tells the police that quartered and buried bodies of Dom and Bruno|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]|date=June 15, 2022|accessdate=June 16, 2022}}</ref>
On 5 June 2022, Brazilian [[Indigenism|indigenist]] [[Bruno Pereira]] and British journalist [[Dom Phillips]] were murdered during a trip through the [[Vale do Javari]], the second-largest indigenous area in [[Brazil]], in the extreme western part of [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]].<ref name= uol>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/06/16/o-que-se-sabe-sobre-assassinato-dom-bruno.html|title=What is known so far about the murder of Phillips and Pereira in the AM|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]|date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=June 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ana Maria Campos|author2=Roberto Fonseca|url=https://www.correibraziliense.com.br/brasil/2022/06/5015523-suspect-confess-murder-of-dom-e-bruno-na-amazonia.html|title=Suspect confesses to murder of Dom Phillips and Bruno in the Amazon|work=[[Correio Braziliense]]|date=June 15, 2022| accessdate=June 16, 2022}}</ref> They went to interview indigenous people in a place called Lago do Jaburu and then moved to the São Rafael community, where they met with a local fisherman. The crime occurred on the way between the community and the municipality of [[Atalaia do Norte]].<ref name=AB/><ref name=folha/><ref>{{cite web|author=Eduardo Militão|author2=Herculano Barreto Filho|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/06/15/corpos-bruno-e-dom-encontrados-amazonia.htm|title=Suspect tells the police that quartered and buried bodies of Dom and Bruno|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]|date=June 15, 2022|accessdate=June 16, 2022}}</ref>


Two brothers were arrested by the [[Federal Police of Brazil|Federal Police]] (PF) for suspected involvement in the disappearances. A few days later, one of them confessed that he had killed Bruno and Dom and told the PF where he had buried the bodies,<ref name=g1.pelado/> as well as the place where the boat that the missing duo had used was sunk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pedroso |first1=Rodrigo |title=Authorities find boat of slain British journalist and indigenous expert in Brazilian Amazon |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/20/americas/brazil-boat-found-dom-phillips-bruno-pereira-intl/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=20 June 2022 |date=20 June 2022}}</ref> The PF found human remains at the indicated location and did not rule out new arrests.<ref name=g1.pelado/> However, forensics still need to be completed to confirm that the bodies are those of Bruno and Dom.<ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/distrito-federal/na-mira/pericia-em-corpos-de-dom-e-bruno-sera-concluida-na-proxima-semana.html|title =Expertise on Dom and Bruno's bodies will be completed next week|date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=June 17, 2022|website=Metrópoles|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
Two brothers were arrested by the [[Federal Police of Brazil|Federal Police]] (PF) for suspected involvement in the disappearances. A few days later, one of them confessed that he had killed Pereira and Phillips and told the PF where he had buried the bodies,<ref name=g1.pelado/> as well as the place where the boat that the missing duo had used was sunk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pedroso |first1=Rodrigo |title=Authorities find boat of slain British journalist and indigenous expert in Brazilian Amazon |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/20/americas/brazil-boat-found-dom-phillips-bruno-pereira-intl/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=20 June 2022 |date=20 June 2022}}</ref> The PF found human remains at the indicated location and did not rule out new arrests.<ref name=g1.pelado/> However, forensics still need to be completed to confirm that the bodies are those of Pereira and Phillips.<ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/distrito-federal/na-mira/pericia-em-corpos-de-dom-e-bruno-sera-concluida-na-proxima-semana.html|title =Expertise on Dom and Bruno's bodies will be completed next week|date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=June 17, 2022|website=Metrópoles|language=pt-BR}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
On 5 June 2022, [[Bruno Pereira]] and [[Dom Phillips]] arrived at Lago do Jaburu, a location near the [[National Indian Foundation]] (FUNAI) Surveillance Base on the [[Ituí River]], for Phillips to visit the site and conduct interviews with indigenous people.<ref name=AB>{{cite web|url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/noticia/2022-06/pf-apura-desaparecimento-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-na-amazonia|title=PF apura desaparecimento de indigenista e-jornalista-na-amazonia|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|publisher=[[Agência Brasil]]}}</ref><ref name=folha>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/06/entenda-o-que-se-sabe-sobre-desaparecimento-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-no-am.shtml?_ga=2.263923657.498321094.1654831933-917239942.1654831933|title=Understand what is known about disappearance of indigenist and journalist in AM|author=Ana Luiza Albuquerque|date=June 9, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|work=[[Folha de S. Paulo]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=cnn>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/noticias/indigenista-e-jornalista-ingles-estao-desmissecidos-no-am-desince-domingo-days-says-organizacao/|title=Indigenist and English journalist are missing in Amazonas, says organisation|publisher=[[CNN Brazil]]|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022}}</ref> Two days later, they both went to the São Rafael community, where they were to hold a meeting with a local fisherman nicknamed "Churrasco". The aim of the meeting was to discuss joint work between riverine and indigenous people in the surveillance of the Javari Valley, a territory badly affected by invasions and criminal activities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gabriel Dias|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/06/08/historico-de-violencia-e-abuso-conheca-a-terra-indigena-vale-do-javari.html|title=Massacre, sexual abuse, invasion and more: The history of violence in Javari|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]|date=June 8, 2022|accessdate=June 13, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Carolina Dantas|url=https://g1.globo.com/environment/amazonia/noticia/2022/06/06/vale-do-javari-2a-mamajor-terra-indigena-do-pais-tem-historico-de-assassinato-deagente-da-funai-e-e-palco-de-conflitos-tipicos-da-amazonia.html|title=Vale do Javari: country's 2nd largest indigenous land has history of murder of Funai agent and is the scene of typical Amazonian conflicts|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022}}</ref> However, the resident was not in the community and the two talked to his wife.<ref name=AB/><ref name=folha/><ref name=cnn/> Bruno and Dom disappeared while travelling along the Itaguaí River towards the municipality of Atalaia do Norte.<ref name=uol/><ref name=AB/><ref name=folha/>
On 5 June 2022, [[Bruno Pereira]] and [[Dom Phillips]] arrived at Lago do Jaburu, a location near the [[National Indian Foundation]] (FUNAI) Surveillance Base on the [[Ituí River]], for Phillips to visit the site and conduct interviews with indigenous people.<ref name=AB>{{cite web|url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/noticia/2022-06/pf-apura-desaparecimento-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-na-amazonia|title=PF apura desaparecimento de indigenista e-jornalista-na-amazonia|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|publisher=[[Agência Brasil]]}}</ref><ref name=folha>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/06/entenda-o-que-se-sabe-sobre-desaparecimento-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-no-am.shtml?_ga=2.263923657.498321094.1654831933-917239942.1654831933|title=Understand what is known about disappearance of indigenist and journalist in AM|author=Ana Luiza Albuquerque|date=June 9, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|work=[[Folha de S. Paulo]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=cnn>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/noticias/indigenista-e-jornalista-ingles-estao-desmissecidos-no-am-desince-domingo-days-says-organizacao/|title=Indigenist and English journalist are missing in Amazonas, says organisation|publisher=[[CNN Brazil]]|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022}}</ref> Two days later, they both went to the São Rafael community, where they were to hold a meeting with a local fisherman nicknamed "Churrasco". The aim of the meeting was to discuss joint work between riverine and indigenous people in the surveillance of the Javari Valley, a territory badly affected by invasions and criminal activities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gabriel Dias|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/06/08/historico-de-violencia-e-abuso-conheca-a-terra-indigena-vale-do-javari.html|title=Massacre, sexual abuse, invasion and more: The history of violence in Javari|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]|date=June 8, 2022|accessdate=June 13, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Carolina Dantas|url=https://g1.globo.com/environment/amazonia/noticia/2022/06/06/vale-do-javari-2a-mamajor-terra-indigena-do-pais-tem-historico-de-assassinato-deagente-da-funai-e-e-palco-de-conflitos-tipicos-da-amazonia.html|title=Vale do Javari: country's 2nd largest indigenous land has history of murder of Funai agent and is the scene of typical Amazonian conflicts|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022}}</ref> However, the resident was not in the community and the two talked to his wife.<ref name=AB/><ref name=folha/><ref name=cnn/> Pereira and Phillips disappeared while travelling along the Itaguaí River towards the municipality of Atalaia do Norte.<ref name=uol/><ref name=AB/><ref name=folha/>


== Victims ==
== Victims ==
=== Bruno Pereira ===
=== Bruno Pereira ===
Bruno Pereira was born in the city of [[Recife]], in [[Pernambuco]], on 15 August 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pe/pernambuco/noticia/2022/06/16/bruno-pereira-recebe-homenagens-por-trajetoria-de-defesa-de-povos-indigenas-comprometido-com-causas-importantes-diz-reitor-da-ufpe.html|title=Bruno Pereira receives tribute for trajectory of defence of indigenous peoples; 'committed to important causes', says UFPE rector|date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=June 16, 2022|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}</ref> He was an indigenist and career servant of Funai,<ref name="g1-2">{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/06/saiba-quem-e-bruno-pereira-indigenista-e-servidor-da-funai-dado-com-como-desaparecido-no-amazonas.html|title=Know who is Bruno Pereira, indigenist and Funai servant reported missing in Amazonas|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}</ref> having been considered one of the country's leading experts on isolated or recently-contacted indigenous people.<ref name=AB/><ref>{{cite web|author=Leandro Prazeres|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-61792780|title=Trained in the jungle, Bruno Pereira overcame mistrust and gained respect from indigenous people|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=June 13, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022}}</ref> In 2019, he led the largest expedition to contact isolated indigenous peoples in 20 years. However, under pressure from ruralist sectors linked to the government of [[Jair Bolsonaro]], he was dismissed from his post in October of that year by [[Sergio Moro]]'s then-executive secretary at the [[Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)|Ministry of Justice]], Luiz Pontel.<ref name="g1-2"/><ref name="folha2">{{cite web|author=Ana Luiza Albuquerque|author2=João Gabriel|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/06/indigenista-bruno-pereira-accumula-anos-de-experiencia-e-ameacas-na-amazonia.shtml|title=Indigenista Bruno Pereira accumulates years of experience and threats in Amazonia|date=June 8, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|work=[[Folha de S. Paulo]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2022/06/08/indigenista-desaparecido-pediu-licencenca-da-funai-apos-ser-exonerado-por-sub-de-moro.html|title=Missing indigenist asked for leave from Funai after being exonerated by sub de Moro|date=June 8, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]}}</ref> According to indigenous entities, Bruno was constantly threatened by [[gold miner]]s, [[Logging industry|madeirers]] and fishermen. <ref name="g1-2"/><ref name="folha2"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel Biasetto|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2022/06/bilhete-com-ameaca-a-indigenista-da-funai-partiu-de-pescadores-invasores-veja.ghtml|title=Bill threatening Funai indigenist came from fishermen; see|work=[[O Globo]]|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Bruno Pereira was born in the city of [[Recife]], in [[Pernambuco]], on 15 August 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pe/pernambuco/noticia/2022/06/16/bruno-pereira-recebe-homenagens-por-trajetoria-de-defesa-de-povos-indigenas-comprometido-com-causas-importantes-diz-reitor-da-ufpe.html|title=Bruno Pereira receives tribute for trajectory of defence of indigenous peoples; 'committed to important causes', says UFPE rector|date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=June 16, 2022|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}</ref> He was an indigenist and career servant of Funai,<ref name="g1-2">{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/06/saiba-quem-e-bruno-pereira-indigenista-e-servidor-da-funai-dado-com-como-desaparecido-no-amazonas.html|title=Know who is Bruno Pereira, indigenist and Funai servant reported missing in Amazonas|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}</ref> having been considered one of the country's leading experts on isolated or recently-contacted indigenous people.<ref name=AB/><ref>{{cite web|author=Leandro Prazeres|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-61792780|title=Trained in the jungle, Bruno Pereira overcame mistrust and gained respect from indigenous people|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=June 13, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022}}</ref> In 2019, he led the largest expedition to contact isolated indigenous peoples in 20 years. However, under pressure from ruralist sectors linked to the government of [[Jair Bolsonaro]], he was dismissed from his post in October of that year by [[Sergio Moro]]'s then-executive secretary at the [[Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)|Ministry of Justice]], Luiz Pontel.<ref name="g1-2"/><ref name="folha2">{{cite web|author=Ana Luiza Albuquerque|author2=João Gabriel|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/06/indigenista-bruno-pereira-accumula-anos-de-experiencia-e-ameacas-na-amazonia.shtml|title=Indigenista Bruno Pereira accumulates years of experience and threats in Amazonia|date=June 8, 2022|accessdate=June 10, 2022|work=[[Folha de S. Paulo]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2022/06/08/indigenista-desaparecido-pediu-licencenca-da-funai-apos-ser-exonerado-por-sub-de-moro.html|title=Missing indigenist asked for leave from Funai after being exonerated by sub de Moro|date=June 8, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]]}}</ref> According to indigenous entities, Pereira was constantly threatened by [[gold miner]]s, [[Logging industry|madeirers]] and fishermen. <ref name="g1-2"/><ref name="folha2"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel Biasetto|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2022/06/bilhete-com-ameaca-a-indigenista-da-funai-partiu-de-pescadores-invasores-veja.ghtml|title=Bill threatening Funai indigenist came from fishermen; see|work=[[O Globo]]|date=June 6, 2022|accessdate=June 14, 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref>


=== Dom Phillips ===
=== Dom Phillips ===
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On 7 June, the Military Police searched the residence of Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, known as "Pelado", after receiving an anonymous tip about his supposed participation in a disappearance. He was arrested for possession of drugs and ammunition of restricted use. At the time, the police seized the suspect's speedboat, where traces of blood were found and sent for analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/08/suspeito-preso-desaparecimento-dom-philips-bruno-pereira.ghtml|title=Suspeito de envolvimento em desaparecimento de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira é preso no AM|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-08|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://br.noticias.yahoo.com/quem-e-pelado-unico-suspeito-de-envolvimento-no-desaparecimento-de-dom-e-bruno-155201232.html|title=Quem é 'Pelado', único suspeito de envolvimento no desaparecimento de Dom e Bruno|work=[[Yahoo!]]|date=2022-06-13|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref> On 12 June, the firefighters' team in Atalaia do Norte found a backpack, a laptop, and a pair of sandals near Amarildo's house.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/12/corpo-de-bombeiros-encontra-mochila-e-sandalias-em-area-de-busca-por-indigenista-e-jornalista-ingles-no-am.ghtml|title=Bombeiros encontram mochila, notebook e sandálias em área de busca por indigenista e jornalista inglês no AM|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-12|accessdate=2022-06-12|lang=pt-br}}</ref> The following day, Dom Phillips' family was wrongly informed by the Brazilian Embassy in the United Kingdom that the bodies had been found.<ref>{{cite web|author=[[André Trigueiro]]|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/13/corpos-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-ingles-sao-encontrados-no-am.ghtml|title=Mulher de Dom Phillips diz que corpos do jornalista e do indigenista Bruno Pereira foram encontrados; PF nega|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-13|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Andréia Sadi]]|author2=Mariana Assis|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/blog/andreia-sadi/post/2022/06/14/embaixada-do-brasil-admite-erro-sobre-corpos-terem-sido-encontrados-e-pede-desculpas-a-familia-de-dom-phillips.ghtml|title=Embaixada do Brasil admite erro sobre corpos terem sido encontrados e pede desculpas à família de Dom Phillips|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-14|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref>
On 7 June, the Military Police searched the residence of Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, known as "Pelado", after receiving an anonymous tip about his supposed participation in a disappearance. He was arrested for possession of drugs and ammunition of restricted use. At the time, the police seized the suspect's speedboat, where traces of blood were found and sent for analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/08/suspeito-preso-desaparecimento-dom-philips-bruno-pereira.ghtml|title=Suspeito de envolvimento em desaparecimento de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira é preso no AM|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-08|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://br.noticias.yahoo.com/quem-e-pelado-unico-suspeito-de-envolvimento-no-desaparecimento-de-dom-e-bruno-155201232.html|title=Quem é 'Pelado', único suspeito de envolvimento no desaparecimento de Dom e Bruno|work=[[Yahoo!]]|date=2022-06-13|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref> On 12 June, the firefighters' team in Atalaia do Norte found a backpack, a laptop, and a pair of sandals near Amarildo's house.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/12/corpo-de-bombeiros-encontra-mochila-e-sandalias-em-area-de-busca-por-indigenista-e-jornalista-ingles-no-am.ghtml|title=Bombeiros encontram mochila, notebook e sandálias em área de busca por indigenista e jornalista inglês no AM|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-12|accessdate=2022-06-12|lang=pt-br}}</ref> The following day, Dom Phillips' family was wrongly informed by the Brazilian Embassy in the United Kingdom that the bodies had been found.<ref>{{cite web|author=[[André Trigueiro]]|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/13/corpos-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-ingles-sao-encontrados-no-am.ghtml|title=Mulher de Dom Phillips diz que corpos do jornalista e do indigenista Bruno Pereira foram encontrados; PF nega|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-13|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Andréia Sadi]]|author2=Mariana Assis|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/blog/andreia-sadi/post/2022/06/14/embaixada-do-brasil-admite-erro-sobre-corpos-terem-sido-encontrados-e-pede-desculpas-a-familia-de-dom-phillips.ghtml|title=Embaixada do Brasil admite erro sobre corpos terem sido encontrados e pede desculpas à família de Dom Phillips|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-14|accessdate=2022-06-14|lang=pt-br}}</ref>


On 15 June, Amarildo confessed his participation in the crime<ref name=g1.pelado>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/15/pf-diz-que-amarildo-confessa-participacao-em-assassinato-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-no-am.ghtml|title=PF diz que Amarildo confessou assassinato de indigenista e jornalista no AM; 'remanescentes humanos' encontrados passarão por perícia|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/noticias/amarildo-confessou-envolvimento-em-morte-de-dom-e-bruno-no-amazonas-diz-pf-16517879|title=Amarildo confessou envolvimento em morte de Dom e Bruno no Amazonas, diz PF|work=[[Rede Bandeirantes]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ana Sousa|url=https://observador.pt/2022/06/15/suspeito-confessa-homicidio-de-dom-phillips-e-bruno-araujo-que-desapareceram-na-amazonia/|title=Suspeito confessa homícidio de Dom Phillips e Bruno Araújo que desapareceram na Amazónia|work=[[Observador]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref> and indicated to the authorities where he had buried the bodies, as well as the place where Bruno and Dom's boat sank.<ref name=folha.pelado>{{cite web|author=Vinicius Sassine|author2=Cézar Feitoza|author3=Rosiene Carvalho|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/06/ministro-diz-que-remanescentes-humanos-foram-encontrados-em-buscas-por-desaparecidos.shtml|title=Pescador preso confessou assassinato de indigenista e jornalista no AM, diz PF|work=[[Folha de S.Paulo]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|url-access=subscription|lang=pt-br}}</ref> The Federal Police found human remains at the indicated location and did not rule out further arrests.<ref name=g1.pelado /><ref>{{cite web|author=Camila Bomfim|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/06/16/pf-investiga-cinco-possiveis-envolvidos-na-morte-de-dom-phillips-e-bruno-pereira-dizem-fontes.ghtml|title=PF agora investiga cinco suspeitos em inquérito sobre morte de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-16|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref> The day before the confession, Amarildo's brother, Oseney da Costa de Oliveira, was arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/14/segundo-homem-e-preso-suspeito-de-participacao-no-desaparecimento-de-jornalista-e-indigenista-no-am.ghtml|title=Segundo suspeito de participação no desaparecimento de jornalista e indigenista é preso no AM|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-14|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref>
On 15 June, Amarildo confessed his participation in the crime<ref name=g1.pelado>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/15/pf-diz-que-amarildo-confessa-participacao-em-assassinato-de-indigenista-e-jornalista-no-am.ghtml|title=PF diz que Amarildo confessou assassinato de indigenista e jornalista no AM; 'remanescentes humanos' encontrados passarão por perícia|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/noticias/amarildo-confessou-envolvimento-em-morte-de-dom-e-bruno-no-amazonas-diz-pf-16517879|title=Amarildo confessou envolvimento em morte de Dom e Bruno no Amazonas, diz PF|work=[[Rede Bandeirantes]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ana Sousa|url=https://observador.pt/2022/06/15/suspeito-confessa-homicidio-de-dom-phillips-e-bruno-araujo-que-desapareceram-na-amazonia/|title=Suspeito confessa homícidio de Dom Phillips e Bruno Araújo que desapareceram na Amazónia|work=[[Observador]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref> and indicated to the authorities where he had buried the bodies, as well as the place where Pereira and Phillips' boat sank.<ref name=folha.pelado>{{cite web|author=Vinicius Sassine|author2=Cézar Feitoza|author3=Rosiene Carvalho|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/06/ministro-diz-que-remanescentes-humanos-foram-encontrados-em-buscas-por-desaparecidos.shtml|title=Pescador preso confessou assassinato de indigenista e jornalista no AM, diz PF|work=[[Folha de S.Paulo]]|date=2022-06-15|accessdate=2022-06-16|url-access=subscription|lang=pt-br}}</ref> The Federal Police found human remains at the indicated location and did not rule out further arrests.<ref name=g1.pelado /><ref>{{cite web|author=Camila Bomfim|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/06/16/pf-investiga-cinco-possiveis-envolvidos-na-morte-de-dom-phillips-e-bruno-pereira-dizem-fontes.ghtml|title=PF agora investiga cinco suspeitos em inquérito sobre morte de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-16|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref> The day before the confession, Amarildo's brother, Oseney da Costa de Oliveira, was arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2022/06/14/segundo-homem-e-preso-suspeito-de-participacao-no-desaparecimento-de-jornalista-e-indigenista-no-am.ghtml|title=Segundo suspeito de participação no desaparecimento de jornalista e indigenista é preso no AM|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2022-06-14|accessdate=2022-06-16|lang=pt-br}}</ref>


On 18 June, police arrested a third suspect in the killings, Jefferson da Silva Lima.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazil police arrest third suspect in killings of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/18/brazil-police-arrest-third-suspect-in-killings-of-dom-phillips-and-bruno-pereira |website=The Guardian |publisher=Associated Press |date=2022-06-18 |access-date=2022-06-19}}</ref>
On 18 June, police arrested a third suspect in the killings, Jefferson da Silva Lima.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazil police arrest third suspect in killings of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/18/brazil-police-arrest-third-suspect-in-killings-of-dom-phillips-and-bruno-pereira |website=The Guardian |publisher=Associated Press |date=2022-06-18 |access-date=2022-06-19}}</ref>

Revision as of 14:46, 23 July 2022

Murder of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips
Date5–15 June 2022 (2022-06-05 – 2022-06-15)
LocationAtalaia do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil
TypeMurder
Deaths
Arrests
  • Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira
  • Oseney da Costa de Oliveira
  • Jefferson da Silva Lima
Suspects
  • Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira
  • Oseney da Costa de Oliveira
  • Jefferson da Silva Lima

On 5 June 2022, Brazilian indigenist Bruno Pereira and British journalist Dom Phillips were murdered during a trip through the Vale do Javari, the second-largest indigenous area in Brazil, in the extreme western part of Amazonas.[1][2] They went to interview indigenous people in a place called Lago do Jaburu and then moved to the São Rafael community, where they met with a local fisherman. The crime occurred on the way between the community and the municipality of Atalaia do Norte.[3][4][5]

Two brothers were arrested by the Federal Police (PF) for suspected involvement in the disappearances. A few days later, one of them confessed that he had killed Pereira and Phillips and told the PF where he had buried the bodies,[6] as well as the place where the boat that the missing duo had used was sunk.[7] The PF found human remains at the indicated location and did not rule out new arrests.[6] However, forensics still need to be completed to confirm that the bodies are those of Pereira and Phillips.[8]

Background

On 5 June 2022, Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips arrived at Lago do Jaburu, a location near the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) Surveillance Base on the Ituí River, for Phillips to visit the site and conduct interviews with indigenous people.[3][4][9] Two days later, they both went to the São Rafael community, where they were to hold a meeting with a local fisherman nicknamed "Churrasco". The aim of the meeting was to discuss joint work between riverine and indigenous people in the surveillance of the Javari Valley, a territory badly affected by invasions and criminal activities.[10][11] However, the resident was not in the community and the two talked to his wife.[3][4][9] Pereira and Phillips disappeared while travelling along the Itaguaí River towards the municipality of Atalaia do Norte.[1][3][4]

Victims

Bruno Pereira

Bruno Pereira was born in the city of Recife, in Pernambuco, on 15 August 1980.[12] He was an indigenist and career servant of Funai,[13] having been considered one of the country's leading experts on isolated or recently-contacted indigenous people.[3][14] In 2019, he led the largest expedition to contact isolated indigenous peoples in 20 years. However, under pressure from ruralist sectors linked to the government of Jair Bolsonaro, he was dismissed from his post in October of that year by Sergio Moro's then-executive secretary at the Ministry of Justice, Luiz Pontel.[13][15][16] According to indigenous entities, Pereira was constantly threatened by gold miners, madeirers and fishermen. [13][15][17]

Dom Phillips

Dom Phillips was born in the UK.[18] He was a journalist who contributed to the Financial Times, The Guardian, The New York Times and The Washington Post.[18] He moved to Brazil in 2007 and lived in Salvador.[18][19] He was married to Brazilian Alessandra Sampaio and was writing a book about the Amazon rainforest and its sustainable potential.[18]

Criminal prosecution

Investigations

On 5 June, the Union of Indigenous Organizations of the Javari Valley (Univaja) organized two search teams that left Atalaia do Norte and Tabatinga.[3] However, without success, the entity released a note on its social networks denouncing the disappearance and asking for efforts in the search.[20] For its part, the Federal Police announced that it was investigating the event, but gave no further details.[3]

On 7 June, the Military Police searched the residence of Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, known as "Pelado", after receiving an anonymous tip about his supposed participation in a disappearance. He was arrested for possession of drugs and ammunition of restricted use. At the time, the police seized the suspect's speedboat, where traces of blood were found and sent for analysis.[21][22] On 12 June, the firefighters' team in Atalaia do Norte found a backpack, a laptop, and a pair of sandals near Amarildo's house.[23] The following day, Dom Phillips' family was wrongly informed by the Brazilian Embassy in the United Kingdom that the bodies had been found.[24][25]

On 15 June, Amarildo confessed his participation in the crime[6][26][27] and indicated to the authorities where he had buried the bodies, as well as the place where Pereira and Phillips' boat sank.[28] The Federal Police found human remains at the indicated location and did not rule out further arrests.[6][29] The day before the confession, Amarildo's brother, Oseney da Costa de Oliveira, was arrested.[30]

On 18 June, police arrested a third suspect in the killings, Jefferson da Silva Lima.[31]

Criminal procedure

On 21 July, the Public Prosecutor's Office charged three people for the murder of Philips and Pereira by the qualifiers by futile motive and concealment of the bodies. The accusation was filed in the Federal Court of the town of Tabatinga, in Amazonas state. According to the prosecutors, Pereira was killed with three shots, one of them in the back, while Phillips was murdered only because he accompanied Pereira at the time the crime was committed.[32][33]

Aftermath

The case had wide repercussions in the Brazilian and international media, and mobilized societies and trade associations.[34][35][36] The federal government has been criticized for not taking sufficient search measures[37][38][39][40] and weakening institutions designed to protect the environment.[41][42]

International press

Press coverage, that increased since the beginning of the case, gained international traction.[43] The Guardian, the newspaper with which Dom Phillips collaborated, stated that there was "growing fear about the safety of the two men who disappeared in the forest days after receiving threats".[44] BBC News has voiced the appeals of families.[45] The French newspaper Le Monde openly criticized the delay of the Federal Police and the Navy in initiating the search in the far west of the Amazon, pointing out that both only acted after media pressure and urgent intervention of the Public Defender's Office of the Union [pt].[46] The American newspapers The New York Times and The Washington Post drew attention to the delay in sending helicopters to scour the dense vegetation.[47]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "What is known so far about the murder of Phillips and Pereira in the AM". UOL. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  2. ^ Ana Maria Campos; Roberto Fonseca (15 June 2022). "Suspect confesses to murder of Dom Phillips and Bruno in the Amazon". Correio Braziliense. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "PF apura desaparecimento de indigenista e-jornalista-na-amazonia". Agência Brasil. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d Ana Luiza Albuquerque (9 June 2022). "Understand what is known about disappearance of indigenist and journalist in AM". Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  5. ^ Eduardo Militão; Herculano Barreto Filho (15 June 2022). "Suspect tells the police that quartered and buried bodies of Dom and Bruno". UOL. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d "PF diz que Amarildo confessou assassinato de indigenista e jornalista no AM; 'remanescentes humanos' encontrados passarão por perícia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  7. ^ Pedroso, Rodrigo (20 June 2022). "Authorities find boat of slain British journalist and indigenous expert in Brazilian Amazon". CNN. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  8. ^ "Expertise on Dom and Bruno's bodies will be completed next week". Metrópoles (in Brazilian Portuguese). 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Indigenist and English journalist are missing in Amazonas, says organisation". CNN Brazil. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  10. ^ Gabriel Dias (8 June 2022). "Massacre, sexual abuse, invasion and more: The history of violence in Javari". UOL. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  11. ^ Carolina Dantas (6 June 2022). "Vale do Javari: country's 2nd largest indigenous land has history of murder of Funai agent and is the scene of typical Amazonian conflicts". G1. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Bruno Pereira receives tribute for trajectory of defence of indigenous peoples; 'committed to important causes', says UFPE rector". G1. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  13. ^ a b c "Know who is Bruno Pereira, indigenist and Funai servant reported missing in Amazonas". G1. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  14. ^ Leandro Prazeres (13 June 2022). "Trained in the jungle, Bruno Pereira overcame mistrust and gained respect from indigenous people". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  15. ^ a b Ana Luiza Albuquerque; João Gabriel (8 June 2022). "Indigenista Bruno Pereira accumulates years of experience and threats in Amazonia". Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  16. ^ "Missing indigenist asked for leave from Funai after being exonerated by sub de Moro". UOL. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  17. ^ Daniel Biasetto (6 June 2022). "Bill threatening Funai indigenist came from fishermen; see". O Globo. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d "Dom Phillips: Know who is the British journalist reported missing in Amazon". G1. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  19. ^ Otávio Augusto (16 June 2022). "PF begins transferring the bodies of Dom and Bruno to Brasília". Metrópoles. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Associação afirma que indigenista e jornalista inglês estão desaparecidos na Amazônia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 June 2022. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Suspeito de envolvimento em desaparecimento de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira é preso no AM". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Quem é 'Pelado', único suspeito de envolvimento no desaparecimento de Dom e Bruno". Yahoo! (in Brazilian Portuguese). 13 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  23. ^ "Bombeiros encontram mochila, notebook e sandálias em área de busca por indigenista e jornalista inglês no AM". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  24. ^ André Trigueiro (13 June 2022). "Mulher de Dom Phillips diz que corpos do jornalista e do indigenista Bruno Pereira foram encontrados; PF nega". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  25. ^ Andréia Sadi; Mariana Assis (14 June 2022). "Embaixada do Brasil admite erro sobre corpos terem sido encontrados e pede desculpas à família de Dom Phillips". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  26. ^ "Amarildo confessou envolvimento em morte de Dom e Bruno no Amazonas, diz PF". Rede Bandeirantes (in Brazilian Portuguese). 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  27. ^ Ana Sousa (15 June 2022). "Suspeito confessa homícidio de Dom Phillips e Bruno Araújo que desapareceram na Amazónia". Observador (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  28. ^ Vinicius Sassine; Cézar Feitoza; Rosiene Carvalho (15 June 2022). "Pescador preso confessou assassinato de indigenista e jornalista no AM, diz PF". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  29. ^ Camila Bomfim (16 June 2022). "PF agora investiga cinco suspeitos em inquérito sobre morte de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Segundo suspeito de participação no desaparecimento de jornalista e indigenista é preso no AM". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Brazil police arrest third suspect in killings of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira". The Guardian. Associated Press. 18 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  32. ^ agencies, Staff and (22 July 2022). "Three charged in Brazil with murder of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira". the Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  33. ^ "Three charged over murders of Bruno Pereira, Dom Philips". Agência Brasil. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  34. ^ Naná DeLuca (6 June 2022). "Redes perguntam: onde estão Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira?". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  35. ^ "Protestos em Londres e nos EUA cobram respostas pelo desaparecimento de Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira". G1. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  36. ^ Thays Martins (9 June 2022). "Editores pelo mundo cobram Bolsonaro sobre desaparecimentos". Correio Braziliense (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Brazil: Authorities must not waste another second in search for Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira". Anistia Internacional. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  38. ^ Pepita Ortega (8 June 2022). "Justiça aponta 'omissão' do governo federal e manda reforçar buscas por Dom Phillips e Bruno Pereira". Terra (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  39. ^ "Justiça determina que governo reforce buscas a Bruno Pereira e Dom Phillips". Jornal Nacional (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  40. ^ João Gabriel (7 June 2022). "Governo Bolsonaro é cobrado por omissão e minimiza desaparecimento enquanto anuncia ações". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  41. ^ Jack Nicas; Ana Ionova; André Spigariol (8 June 2022). "Amenazas y luego armas: un periodista y un experto desaparecen en la Amazonía". The New York Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  42. ^ "Delincuencia e impunidad en el Valle del Yavarí, el lugar donde desaparecieron un periodista y su acompañante" (in Spanish). Associated Press. 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  43. ^ "Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips: foreign press calls for reinforcement of searches to Bolsonaro". News. 9 June 2022.
  44. ^ Tom Phillips (6 June 2022). "safety fears for British journalist missing in Brazilian Amazon". The Guardian.
  45. ^ "Dom Phillips: Family and friends demand answers". BBC News. 13 June 2022.
  46. ^ "Search launched for British journalist and Brazilian anthropologist missing in the Amazon". Le Monde. 8 June 2022.
  47. ^ "Hopes dim, anger grows in British journalist's disappearance in Brazil". The Washington Post. 7 June 2022.