Toshavim: Difference between revisions
See also: +Musta'arabi Jews |
sp |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Indigenous Jews of |
{{Short description|Indigenous Jews of Northern Africa}} |
||
[[File:Berber Jews.jpg|thumb| [[Berber Jews]] cca. 1900]] |
[[File:Berber Jews.jpg|thumb| [[Berber Jews]] cca. 1900]] |
||
'''Toshavim''' ({{lang-he|תושבים}}, "residents") is a generic reference to non-[[Sephardic]] [[Jews]] who inhabited lands in which the [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|Jews expelled from Spain in 15th century]] settled ("[[Megorashim]]", "expellees").<ref name=brill>[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/toshavim-COM_0021450 "Toshavim"], ''[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] online''</ref> The indigenous Jews in the area of [[North Africa]] known as [[Maghreb]] are also referred to as ''Maghrebim'' ([[Maghrebi Jews]]). In particular, the term "Toshavim" was applied to the indigenous [[Moroccan Jews|Jews of Morocco]]. |
'''Toshavim''' ({{lang-he|תושבים}}, "residents") is a generic reference to non-[[Sephardic]] [[Jews]] who inhabited lands in which the [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|Jews expelled from Spain in 15th century]] settled ("[[Megorashim]]", "expellees").<ref name=brill>[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/toshavim-COM_0021450 "Toshavim"], ''[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] online''</ref> The indigenous Jews in the area of [[North Africa]] known as [[Maghreb]] are also referred to as ''Maghrebim'' ([[Maghrebi Jews]]). In particular, the term "Toshavim" was applied to the indigenous [[Moroccan Jews|Jews of Morocco]]. |
||
Revision as of 03:25, 11 June 2022
Toshavim (Template:Lang-he, "residents") is a generic reference to non-Sephardic Jews who inhabited lands in which the Jews expelled from Spain in 15th century settled ("Megorashim", "expellees").[1] The indigenous Jews in the area of North Africa known as Maghreb are also referred to as Maghrebim (Maghrebi Jews). In particular, the term "Toshavim" was applied to the indigenous Jews of Morocco.
Toshavim had their own minhagim (Judaic traditions) and they spoke Judeo-Arabic or Judeo-Berber dialects.
The new arrivals did not always deal well with the local Jews. For example, in Algiers they called the local Jews derisively "turban-wearers" and vice versa, the Spanish Jews were called "beret-wearers".[2][3]
Despite the fact that Toshavim were apparently overwhelmed an absorbed by Sephardic immigrants, the differences in many areas of communal lives of Toshavim and Megorashim persisted for very long time: separate negidim, separate synagogues, separate teachers, separate cemeteries, etc.[4] For example, in Fez, Morocco, the common minhag for (most of) the two communities was accepted only in 18th century.[5]
See also
- Berber Jews
- Musta'arabi Jews
- Terefah controversy, a severe halakhic controversy about a specific type of terefah, among the Fez Jewry between Toshavim and Megorashim
References
- ^ "Toshavim", Brill online
- ^ Richard Ayoun, "A l’arrivée des Juifs espagnols en Algérie : mutation de la communauté"
- ^ Richard Ayoun, "Le Judaïsme Séfarade après l'expulsion d'Espagne de 1492, est-il un monde éclaté", Histoire, économie & société, 1991, vol 10, no.2 pp. 143-158, doi:10.3406/hes.1991.1571
- ^ Jane S. Gerber, "THE DEMOGRAPHY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF FEZ AFTER 1492", Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies, 1973, pp. 31-44 JSTOR 23529108
- ^ Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758.