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Revision as of 17:33, 19 July 2021

2020 Serbian parliamentary election
Serbia
← 2016 21 June 2020 2022 →
All 250 seats in the National Assembly
126 seats needed for a majority
Turnout48.88% Decrease 7.19%
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
SNS coalition Aleksandar Vučić 60.65 188 +59
SPS–JS–KP–ZS Ivica Dačić 10.38 32 +3
SPAS Aleksandar Šapić 3.83 11 New
Minority lists
VMSZ István Pásztor 2.23 9 +5
SPP–DPM Muamer Zukorlić 1.00 4 +2
ADA Shaip Kamberi 0.82 3 +2
SDA S Sulejman Ugljanin 0.77 3 +1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Election results by district
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
Ana Brnabić
SNS		 Ana Brnabić
SNS

Parliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 21 June 2020.[1] Initially organised for 26 April 2020,[2] they were postponed by a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.[3]

In the period before the elections, inter-party European Parliament–mediated dialogue wаs held and certain changes in election legislation were made. Numerous parliamentary and non-parliamentary political parties boycotted the elections, including the major opposition coalition Alliance for Serbia, which said that there were no conditions for free and fair elections. This resulted in the lowest turnout since the establishment of a multi-party system in 1990.[4]

The Serbian Progressive Party–led coalition won one of the largest parliamentary majorities in Europe. Election observer organizations declared that the elections were conducted efficiently according to minimum democratic standards, but noted some irregularities that affected turnout and results. The OSCE reported that many previous recommendations of the ODIHR were not adopted, at the same time criticizing the lack of freedom in the media.

Background

Since Aleksandar Vučić came to power in 2012, Serbia has suffered from democratic backsliding into authoritarianism, followed by a decline in media freedom and civil liberties.[5][6]

In the 2016 parliamentary election, the ruling Serbian Progressive Party-led coalition and the Socialist Party of Serbia-led coalition returned to power, and the incumbent prime minister Vučić was successfully re-elected.[7] However, in the 2017 presidential election, Vučić was elected president, and left the government for his new position.[8] The election result sparked protests around Serbia.[9][10] Thousands of protesters accused Vučić of leading the country towards authoritarianism.[11] An OSCE report criticized unbalanced media coverage during the election campaign, use of public resources to support Vučić and reports of pressure on employees of state-affiliated institutions to support Vučić and secure, in a cascade fashion, support from family members and friends.[12] Ana Brnabić was appointed head of government as a non-partisan politician, becoming Serbia's first female and first openly gay prime minister.[13] Two years later, she joined the ruling Serbian Progressive Party.[14]

In January 2019, Vučić stated that there was a possibility of holding early elections in 2019.[15] Observers noted that this was highly possible, as it would enable the SNS to make electoral gains before having to compromise on unpopular decisions regarding the status of Kosovo, which is expected to hit the party's rating.[16]

In May 2019, the European Commission criticized election conditions and expressed a serious concern about press freedom in the Serbia 2019 Report.[17] They also stated that there was a negative impact on the work of democratic institutions, in particular the National Assembly, and there was an urgent need to create space for genuine cross-party debate and conditions for meaningful participation by the opposition in the parliament.[17]

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Anti-government protests

Main article: 2018–2020 Serbian protests

Meanwhile, Vučić was also put under pressure by peaceful protests in Belgrade and other cities, with the opposition demanding more media freedom, as well as free and fair elections and ministerial resignations. The protests were precipitated by an assault on Borko Stefanović, one of the leaders of the newly formed opposition coalition Alliance for Serbia.[18] These were the largest anti-government protests since Vučić came to power in 2012, with media reports estimating the attendance at protests to be between 25,000 and 70,000 people.[19] Parallel to the protests, Vučić launched the "Future of Serbia" campaign, organizing rallies in all districts of Serbia.[20]

After the largest opposition protest on 13 April, a non-partisan expert group was introduced that later formulated the demands of the protests, concluded there were no conditions for free and fair elections, and eventually drafted a comprehensive document with demands and recommendations.[21][22][23] In early September, the protest organizers called for a boycott of the coming election because no recommendation of the expert team had been adopted.[24]

Inter-party negotiations

After the unsuccessful conclusion of the negotiations mediated by the University of Belgrade Faculty of Political Sciences and NGOs, the first round of inter-party European Parliament-mediated dialogue in Serbia took place in October, which was initiated by David McAllister, the chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the EP.[25] The Alliance for Serbia refused to participate, stating that there was no time for their demands for fair election conditions to be met before the election in April.[25] In December 2019, following three rounds of dialogue, the EP delegation members announced that conditions for fair and free elections had not been established.[26] After the last round, it was concluded that continued observation of implementation was necessary and it was agreed to move the election as late as possible.[27]

The CeSID stated that changes in electoral legislation on three occasions during the election year were contrary to the Venice Commission's Code of Good Practice in Elections.[28] The decision of the ruling party to lower the electoral threshold from 5% to 3% has been criticized by numerous observers, opposition parties, EP delegation members and Transparency Serbia, stating that it was not a topic of negotiation and that it will help some smaller parties enter parliament after the announced boycott of the largest opposition parties.[29][30][31][32]

Participating parties

President Aleksandar Vučić, whose SNS came to power in 2012, when the country began to suffer a democratic backsliding into authoritarianism.

After the 2017 presidential elections, Saša Janković, who finished second with 16.3% of the vote, formed the liberal Movement of Free Citizens (PSG) in May 2017.[33][34] In October 2017, Vuk Jeremić, who finished fourth with 5.6% of the vote, formed his own liberal-conservative People's Party (NS), which cooperated closely with Janković's party.[35][36]

In June 2018, opposition parties held talks on forming an alliance, which became possible with the election of leadership in the Democratic Party, which was in favor of allying with Dragan Đilas (who was very successful in the Belgrade local election) and the PSG and NS. This alliance of mostly pro-Western and pro-EU parties also included other opposition organizations, regardless of their stance on EU, including the right-wing Dveri, an anti-EU party.[37] The opposition alliance was dubbed by the media and main participants in its formation as Alliance for Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Савез за Србију, SZS).[38]

Boycott

Almost all opposition parties (except the Democratic Party of Serbia, Serbian Patriotic Alliance and Don't let Belgrade d(r)own) signed the Agreement with People in February 2019, where they promised to boycott the 2020 elections if they were deemed irregular.[39] In addition, in September 2019, the protest organizers called for a boycott of the next election.[40]

The elections were boycotted by several political parties, including the major opposition coalition the Alliance for Serbia (composed of the Democratic Party, Dveri, People's Party, Party of Freedom and Justice, Movement for Reversal, Fatherland and the United Trade Unions "Sloga"), the Civic Platform, as well some extra-parliamentary parties and movements, such as Social Democratic Union and the Do not let Belgrade d(r)own-led Civic Front alliance, which stated that the elections would not be held under fair conditions.[41][42] Together for Serbia and the Social Democratic Party, also boycotted the parliamentary election, only participating in some elections at the local (municipal) level. Some individual politicians also declared a boycott, such as Đorđe Vukadinović, member of the National Assembly, and Ljubiša Preletačević, who finished third in the 2017 presidential election.[43][44]

Electoral system

The 250 members of the National Assembly are elected by closed-list proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with an electoral threshold of 3% of all votes cast (lowered from 5% at the previous elections)[45] although the threshold is waived for ethnic minority parties.[46]

While some parties choose to contest elections solely in their own name, multi-party coalitions are more common. This allows smaller parties to reach the electoral threshold together, while for larger parties it represents an opportunity to amass support from more diverse sections of the electorate.

Electoral lists

The following are the official electoral lists published by the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK).[47]

# Ballot name Ballot carrier Main ideology Political position Note
1
 style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color" |
Branislav Nedimović Populism Big tent
2
 style="background:Template:Socialist Party of Serbia/meta/color" |
Ivica Dačić Populism Big tent
3
 style="background:Template:Serbian Radical Party/meta/color" |
  • Dr Vojislav Šešelj — Serbian Radical Party[52][53]
  • SRS
 Vojislav Šešelj Ultranationalism Far-right
4
 style="background:Template:Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians/meta/color" |
Bálint Pásztor Minority interests Centre-right
M
5
 style="background:Template:Serbian Patriotic Alliance/meta/color" |
  • Aleksandar Šapić — Victory for Serbia[55]
  • SPAS
 Aleksandar Šapić National conservatism Right-wing
6
 style="background:Template:Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia/meta/color" |
  • For Kingdom of Serbia (Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia, Monarchist Front) — Žika Gojković[56][57]
  • POKS, MF, SMP
 Ljubinko Đurković Monarchism Right-wing
7
 style="background:Template:United Democratic Serbia/meta/color" |
Marko Đurišić Liberalism Centre
8
 style="background:Template:Justice and Reconciliation Party/meta/color" |
  • Academic Muamer Zukorlić — Straight Ahead — Justice and Reconciliation Party — Democratic Party of Macedonians[59]
  • SPP, DPM
 Muamer Zukorlić Minority interests Right-wing
M
9
 style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Serbia/meta/color" |
Miloš Jovanović Christian democracy Right-wing
10
 style="background:Template:Healthy Serbia/meta/color" |
Milan Stamatović Conservatism Right-wing
11
 style="background:Template:Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak/meta/color" |
Enis Imamović Minority interests Right-wing
M
12
 style="background:Template:Serbian Party Oathkeepers/meta/color" |
Zoran Zečević Ultranationalism Far-right
13
 style="background:Template:New Serbia/meta/color" |
  • People's Bloc — Velimir Ilić — General Momir Stojanović[64]
  • NS, NSP
 Velimir Ilić Right-wing populism Right-wing
14
 style="background:Template:Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)/meta/color" |
  • Sergej Trifunović — Movement of Free Citizens[65]
  • PSG
 Sergej Trifunović Liberalism Centre
15
 style="background:Template:Enough is Enough (party)/meta/color" |
Saša Radulović Souverainism Right-wing
16
 style="background:Template:Party for Democratic Action/meta/color" |
  • Albanian Democratic Alternative — United Valley[66]
  • PDD, AzP, DS, PR, DNP
 Shaip Kamberi Minority interests Right-wing
M
17
 style="background:Template:1 of 5 million/meta/color" |
Valentina Reković Anti-authoritarianism Big tent
18
  • May the Masks Fall - Green Party - New Party[68]
  • ZS, NS
 Zoran Živković Social liberalism Centre
19
 style="background:Template:Russian Party (Serbia)/meta/color" |
  • Russian Party — Slobodan Nikolić[69]
  • RS
 Slobodan Nikolić National conservatism Right-wing
20
 style="background:Template:Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia 2005)/meta/color" |
  • Čedomir Jovanović — Coalition for Peace[69]
  • LDP, VNS, TS, BGS, LDPV, UJS, AMARO, SC, RH, Skaska
 Čedomir Jovanović Liberalism Centre
21
 style="background:Template:Leviathan Movement/meta/color" |
Jovana Stojković Neo-fascism Far-right

M — National minority list

Opinion polls

The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's color. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two parties with the highest figures. When a specific poll does not show a data figure for a party, the party's cell corresponding to that poll is shown with a hyphen (-). If a poll was conducted prior to the establishment of a party, a hyphen is given instead of the result. Poll results use the date the fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. However, if such a date is unknown, the date of publication will be given instead.

The results of the SNS in different polls represent results of the party itself, although it usually runs in a broad coalition, which includes, besides SNS as the largest party, Social Democratic Party of Serbia, Party of United Pensioners of Serbia, New Serbia, Serbian Renewal Movement, Movement of Socialists, Strength of Serbia Movement, Independent Democratic Party of Serbia and Serbian People's Party. SPS formed a longstanding coalition with United Serbia, included in SPS poll results. All polls are conducted excluding Kosovo.

Polls conducted after official start of campaign

Polling Organization Date SNS
coalition 		SPS–JS SRS DJB DSS
coalition 		SPAS PSG #1of5m UDS POKS SSZ Others Lead
style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Socialist Party of Serbia/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Serbian Radical Party/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Enough is Enough (party)/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Serbia/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Serbian Patriotic Alliance/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:1 of 5 million/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:United Democratic Serbia/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia/meta/color; width:60px;" | style="background:Template:Serbian Party Oathkeepers/meta/color; width:60px;" |
Ipsos 19 June 58.6 9.8 2.5 2.5 1.8 4.4 3.1 2.2 1.6 2.4 1.6 9.5 style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |48.8
Faktor plus 18 June 60.6 13.0 3.6 2.9 3.1 5.1 3.5 – 2.8 2.5 2.7 0.2 style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |45.5
NSPM 18 June 58.0 12.5 2.6 2.9 3.5 4.4 3.5 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.8 6.7 style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |45.5
Faktor plus 12 June 58.2 12.5 3.4 2.8 3.0 4.9 3.4 – 2.7 2.4 2.6 – style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |45.7
Faktor plus 7 June 61.0 13.5 3.3 2.6 3.1 4.9 3.6 1.3 2.4 2.1 2.2 – style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |45.2
NSPM 4 June 41.6 10.7 2.6 2.1 2.1 4.3 3.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.1 25.8[a] style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |30.9
NSPM 24 April 57.6 11.9 2.7 1.1 – 2.5 2.2 1.3 2.2 – – 18.5[b] style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |45.7
Election postponed due to coronavirus pandemic
Faktor plus 09 Mar 59.8 15.1 3.5 – 3 4.8 2.5 2.8 3 2.1 2.3 1.1 style="background:Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color; color:white;" |44.7

Polls conducted before official start of campaign

  • Italic text denotes parties and coalitions which declared boycott of the election.

Results

The ruling Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children alliance, led by the Serbian Progressive Party, won a supermajority of seats and 60.65% of the vote amid an opposition boycott.

Electoral list Votes % Seats +/–
bgcolor=Template:Serbian Progressive Party/meta/color| For Our Children (SNS–SDPS–PS–PUPS–PSS–SNP–SPO–NSS) 1,953,998 60.65 188 +57
bgcolor=Template:Socialist Party of Serbia/meta/color| SPS–JS–ZS–KP 334,333 10.38 32 +3
bgcolor=Template:Serbian Patriotic Alliance/meta/color| Serbian Patriotic Alliance 123,393 3.83 11 New
bgcolor=Template:Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia/meta/color| For the Kingdom of Serbia 85,888 2.67 0 –1
bgcolor=Template:Enough is Enough (party)/meta/color| Enough is Enough 73,953 2.30 0 –16
bgcolor=Template:Democratic Party of Serbia/meta/color| Broom 2020 72,085 2.24 0 –6
bgcolor=Template:Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians/meta/color| Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 71,893 2.23 9 +3
bgcolor=Template:Serbian Radical Party/meta/color| Serbian Radical Party 65,954 2.05 0 –22
bgcolor=Template:Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)/meta/color| Movement of Free Citizens 50,765 1.58 0 New
bgcolor=Template:Serbian Party Oathkeepers/meta/color| Serbian Party Oathkeepers 45,950 1.43 0 0
bgcolor=Template:Healthy Serbia/meta/color| Health for the Victory (ZS–BS) 33,435 1.04 0 New
bgcolor=Template:Justice and Reconciliation Party/meta/color| Straight Ahead (SPP–DPM) 32,170 1.00 4 +2
bgcolor=Template:United Democratic Serbia/meta/color| United Democratic Serbia (S21–SMS–GDF–LSV–VP–DSHV–CP) 30,591 0.95 0 –11
bgcolor=Template:Party for Democratic Action/meta/color| Albanian Democratic Alternative 26,437 0.82 3 +2
bgcolor=Template:Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak/meta/color| Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak 24,676 0.77 3 +1
Leviathan 22,691 0.70 0 New
bgcolor=Template:1 of 5 million/meta/color| 1 of 5 million 20,265 0.63 0 New
bgcolor=Template:Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)/meta/color| Coalition for Peace 10,158 0.32 0 –4
People's Bloc (NS–NSP) 7,873 0.24 0 –5
May the Masks Fall (ZS–NS) 7,805 0.24 0 –2
bgcolor=Template:Russian Party (Serbia)/meta/color| Russian Party 6,295 0.20 0 0
Invalid/blank votes 118,155 3.67 − −0
Total 3,218,763 100 250 0
Registered voters/turnout 6,584,376 48.88 – –
Source: RIK

Aftermath

On October 5th, 2020, incumbent PM Ana Brnabić was nominated as Prime Minister-designate by the President of Serbia and of the ruling SNS Aleksandar Vučić, more than 3 months after his party won an absolute majority at the election.

The election observer organization CRTA described that the elections "have met a minimum of the democratic standards, but they imperil democracy".[71] They recorded twice as many irregularities and incidents than in the previous elections, stating that the irregularities could have influenced the results and that turnout would have been about 45% without them.[4][71] The CeSID reported that the elections respected basic human rights, but the political competition was limited due to the opposition boycott and the unclear distinction of party activities from the public officials' activities.[28] The period of the state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was called the "campaign before the campaign", was strongly criticized.[28] They noted irregularities, including serious ones such as parallel voter lists, the pressure to vote at all levels of elections, the presence of unauthorized persons at polling stations, conflicts at and in front of polling stations.[28]

The OSCE announced in preliminary findings and conclusions that elections were conducted efficiently, despite the challenges of the pandemic, but that the concern was caused by the dominance of the ruling party, including in the media.[72] They noted that many previous recommendations of the ODIHR had not been adopted, including on election administration, media, campaign financing, and sanctions for electoral violations.[72] However, some recommendations were adopted, but "key amendments were passed in a swift manner and without prior consultations, limiting the inclusiveness of the process".[72] Furthermore, the OSCE noted the lack of diversity of political opinions in traditional media and attacks or pressure on critical journalists and media outlets as well as possible meshing of the ruling party's campaign and media coverage of the response to the COVID-19 crisis.[72]

Tanja Fajon, the chair of the European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Serbia

Political scientist Florian Bieber stated that the Serbian Progressive Party overtook the United Russia party to become "the largest ruling party majority in Europe after Belarus" and that the European Union cannot pretend that a "farce of an election" did not happen in Serbia.[73] The president of the European People's Party, Donald Tusk, as well as Sebastian Kurz, the chancellor of Austria, and Viktor Orbán, the prime minister of Hungary, congratulated Vučić on his victory.[74] Kati Piri, the vice-chair of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group, said that the election was not representative and that she is afraid "it won't change the erosion of the rule of law in the country", adding that "it should not be possible in a candidate country to the European Union".[75] Tanja Fajon, the chair of the European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Serbia, stated that "the level of democracy has deteriorated significantly, let alone the situation of media freedom", citing that the absence of parliamentary opposition calls into question the legitimacy of parliament.[75] In a joint statement, representatives of the S&D, Renew Europe and Greens–European Free Alliance, supported a request of the Serbian opposition to EU institutions to set up an expert group which would make a report "on the state and media capture", as the first step in resolving the political crisis.[76]

The Assembly of Free Serbia, a project made by several professors, intellectuals and philosophers, has issued a press release saying that with the latest elections, "parliamentarism no longer exists in Serbia."[77] The Assembly aims to form an opposition body which will elect its own members from the citizens and political parties with the aim of coordinating the opposition against Aleksandar Vučić.

In early May 2021, Vučić sent a proposal to Šapić about the merging of SPAS into SNS, which was accepted on the same day by Šapić.[78][79] SPAS held inter-party talks during this period and its president Šapić announced that the party has been dissolved on 26 May.[80][81]

Repeat elections

The Republic Electoral Commission announced that ballots from 234 voting locations would be terminated and elections would be repeated at those locations on July 1.[82] Due to the worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia, CRTA announced that it would not be observing the repeat elections.[83]

Notes

  1. ^ Including 10,2% for opposition Alliance for Serbia (SZS), which boycott the election and 12,4% for the opposition, but still undecided as to whom.
  2. ^ Including 7,2% for opposition Alliance for Serbia (SZS), which boycott the election and 6,1% for the opposition, but still undecided as to whom.
  3. ^ Including 15.8% for the opposition, but still undecided as to whom.
  4. ^ Including 22.8% for the opposition, but still undecided as to whom.
  5. ^ Including 19.2% for the opposition, but still undecided as to whom.
  6. ^ Including 3.5% for the PUPS, and 2.3% for the SNP. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  7. ^ Including 17.9% for the opposition, but still undecided as to whom.
  8. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS, and 2.3% for the SNP. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  9. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS which went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  10. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS which went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  11. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS, and 2.1% for the SNP. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  12. ^ Including 1.4% for the PUPS, and 2% for the SNP. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  13. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS, 2% for the SDPS and 2% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  14. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS, 2.3% for the SDPS and 2% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  15. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS, 2.4% for the SDPS and 2% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  16. ^ a b Hypothetical rating of a party expected to be formed by Dragan Djilas, former Mayor of Belgrade
  17. ^ Including 3.4% for the PUPS, 2.5% for the SDPS and 1.8% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  18. ^ Including 3.3% for the PUPS, 2.5% for the SDPS and 1.7% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  19. ^ Including 3.3% for the PUPS, 2.5% for the SDPS and 1.5% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  20. ^ Including 3.3% for the PUPS, 2.8% for the SDPS, and 1.3% for the SNP. All three parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  21. ^ Including 3.2% for the PUPS, 3% for the SDPS. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  22. ^ Including 3.2% for the PUPS and 2.9% for the SDPS. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  23. ^ a b Poll was conducted in Belgrade, on the matter of voting preferences regarding state level government
  24. ^ Including 3.1% for the PUPS and 2.9% for the SDPS. Both parties went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.
  25. ^ a b Hypothetical rating
  26. ^ Including 1.7% for the SDPS which went in coalition with the SNS in the 2016 election.

References

  1. ^ "Serbian Parliamentary Elections | International Democrat Union". 13 January 2020.
  2. ^ "2020: elections in the Western Balkans". RFE. 1 January 2020. (in Serbian)
  3. ^ Serbia postpones April 26 elections due to coronavirus outbreak – state election commission Reuters, 16 March 2020
  4. ^ a b "Serbian parliament left without clear opposition as the ruling party wins partially boycotted elections". European Western Balkans. 22 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  5. ^ Bieber, Florian (July 2018). "Patterns of competitive authoritarianism in the Western Balkans". East European Politics. 38 (3): 337–54. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272.
  6. ^ Maerz, Seraphine F; et al. (April 2020). "State of the world 2019: autocratization surges – resistance grows". Democratization. 27 (6): 909–927. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1758670.
  7. ^ "CRTA: Sedam partija iznad cenzusa". danas.rs (in Serbian). Danas. 24 April 2016.
  8. ^ "Zvanični rezultati predsedničkih izbora 2017". vreme.com (in Serbian). Vreme. April 2017.
  9. ^ "A Serbian Election Erodes Democracy". The New York Times. 9 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  10. ^ "Serbia Protests: Thousands Demand Vucic's Resignation". Balkan Insight. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  11. ^ McLaughlin, Daniel. "Young Serbs vow to stop 'dictatorship' of president-elect Vucic". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  12. ^ "Presidential election 2017, OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  13. ^ Surk, Barbara (28 June 2017). "Serbia Gets Its First Female, and First Openly Gay, Premier". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  14. ^ "PM Brnabic joins Vucic's ruling Serbian Progressive Party". N1. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  15. ^ "Vučić: Ne isključujem mogućnost izbora 2019. godine". slobodnaevropa.org (in Serbian). Radio Free Europe. 2 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Analitičari o mogućim izborima u 2019. godini". N1. 3 January 2019.
  17. ^ a b "Serbia 2019 Report" (PDF). European Commission. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  18. ^ "Thousands protest in Serbia over attack on opposition politician". Reuters. 8 December 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  19. ^ France-Presse, Agence (30 December 2018). "Serbia: thousands rally in fourth week of anti-government protests". the Guardian.
  20. ^ "Protests against President Vucic spreads throughout Serbia". France 24. 9 February 2019.
  21. ^ "Serbian protest organizers name negotiators, define issues for talks". N1. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  22. ^ "Civil protests' experts: No conditions for free and fair elections in Serbia". N1. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
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