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Count Alexander Philipp Konstantin Ludwig von Benckendorff (Template:Lang-ru, Alexander Konstantinovich Benkendorf; 1 August 1849 – 11 January 1917) was a Russian diplomat, of Baltic German heritage, who served as ambassador to Denmark and the United Kingdom.

Biography

He was born in 1849, the son of Count Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Maximilian von Benckendorff (22 October 1816 – Paris, 29 January 1858) and wife (Potsdam, 20 June 1848) Princess Louise Constantine Nathalie Johanne de Croy (Anholt, 2 November 1825 – Meran, 8 January 1890), grandson of General Count Konstantin von Benckendorff and grandnephew of General Count Alexander von Benckendorff, and was educated in France and Germany before entering the diplomatic service in 1869. He began as an attaché in Florence, and eventually served in Rome. He resigned in 1876 and lived nearly ten years on his estates, in St. Petersburg and abroad.

He married Countess Sophie Shuvalova (16 October 1857 – 28 May 1928), granddaughter of Lev Naryshkin and Olga Potocka, in 1879, and was survived by a son and a daughter. A younger son died in one of the first battles of World War I on the East Prussian front.

Returning to diplomacy in 1886, he became First Secretary at the Embassy in Vienna, and from 1897 to 1903 he was the Ambassador to Denmark. The Copenhagen post gave him a vantage point for watching the principal moving powers of European politics since the matrimonial alliances of the Danish royal family occasionally brought together in a friendly family circle the widow of Alexander III, Nicholas II and the Prince of Wales who was to become King Edward VII. In this way, Count Benckendorff received his initiation into the spirit of an Anglo-Russian rapprochement even before it actually resulted in an entente.

From 1903 until his death in 1917, he was the Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, the chief Russian diplomat in the United Kingdom. His major achievement was to organize the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907, which solidified relations between the two nations and helped create the Triple Entente, which, unlike the Triple Alliance or the Franco-Russian Alliance itself, was not an alliance of mutual defense. This broad diplomatic alignment would later form the Allied Powers of the First World War. He also formally proposed the agenda for the Second Hague Conference of 1907.^[1]

In 1911 Benckendorff's daughter Nathalie married an Englishman, Jasper Nicholas Ridley, and later became the grandmother of the economist Adam Ridley.^[2] His son Constantine married harpist Maria Korchinska.^[3]

Death

Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from influenza^[4] · ,^[5] and was buried in Westminster Cathedral, where he worshipped weekly. Benckendorff was a convert to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism.^[6]

Honours and awards

Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds "for ex-zealous service."
Order of the White Eagle
Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd and 3rd classes
Order of St. Anna, 1st degree
Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree
Foreign awards

Notes

^ A Pearce Higgins, "The Hague Peace Conferences", (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1999), pp. 53–5.
^ Charles Mosley, ed., Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, vol. 1 (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage, 1999), p. 30
^ "Obituary: Nathalie Brooke, a leading figure in the preservation of Venice". www.theartnewspaper.com. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
^ nish@gangbee.com, Nish de silva (30 October 2015). "The lamplighters of London". Embassy Network. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
^ Oxford, John S.; Gill, Douglas (23 May 2019). "A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 15 (9): 2009–2012. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 6773402. PMID 31121112.
^ Mark Langham (14 December 2007). "Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt". Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br. Retrieved 10 February 2020.

References

Obituary: p. 153-4, The Annual Register: a review of public events at home and abroad, for the year 1917. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1918.

Vinogradoff, Paul (1922). "Benckendorff, Alexander, Count" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 ==Death==
-Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from [[influenza]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=nish@gangbee.com|first=Nish de silva|date=2015-10-30|title=The lamplighters of London|url=https://embassymagazine.com/the-lamplighters-of-london/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Embassy Network|language=en-GB}}</ref>{{,}},<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oxford|first=John S.|last2=Gill|first2=Douglas|date=2019-05-23|title=A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773402/|journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics|volume=15|issue=9|pages=2009–2012|doi=10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711|issn=2164-5515|pmc=6773402|pmid=31121112}}</ref> and was buried in [[Westminster Cathedral]], where he worshipped weekly. Benckendorff was a convert to [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] from [[Lutheranism]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Langham |url=http://westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br/2007/12/russian-in-crypt.html |title=Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt |publisher=Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br |date=14 December 2007 |accessdate=10 February 2020}}</ref>
+Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from [[influenza]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=nish@gangbee.com|first=Nish de silva|date=2015-10-30|title=The lamplighters of London|url=https://embassymagazine.com/the-lamplighters-of-london/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Embassy Network|language=en-GB}}</ref>{{,}},<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oxford|first1=John S.|last2=Gill|first2=Douglas|date=2019-05-23|title=A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian|journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics|volume=15|issue=9|pages=2009–2012|doi=10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711|issn=2164-5515|pmc=6773402|pmid=31121112}}</ref> and was buried in [[Westminster Cathedral]], where he worshipped weekly. Benckendorff was a convert to [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] from [[Lutheranism]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Langham |url=http://westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br/2007/12/russian-in-crypt.html |title=Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt |publisher=Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br |date=14 December 2007 |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>
 ==Honours and awards==
 * [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]] with diamonds "for ex-zealous service."
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ==Further reading==
 * {{cite web |last=Lundy |first =Darryl |date=20 June 2005 |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p9760.htm#i97593 |title=Alexander Graf von Benckendorff |page=9760 §97593 |publisher=peerage.com}}
-*{{cite web|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=Woe%3D123219116&method=simpleSearch |title=DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek |language=de |publisher=Portal.dnb.de |accessdate=1 February 2014}}
+*{{cite web|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=Woe%3D123219116&method=simpleSearch |title=DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek |language=de |publisher=Portal.dnb.de |access-date=1 February 2014}}
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20140222234049/http://www.idref.fr/081025262

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