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=Classification=
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<table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="right" cellpading="2">
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="right" cellpading="2">
<tr><th bgcolor=pink>Gibbons</th></tr>
<tr><th bgcolor=pink>Gibbons</th></tr>
<tr><th bgcolor=pink>[[Scientific classification]]</th></tr>
<!--<tr><td align="center">image here</td></tr>-->
<tr><th bgcolor=pink>{{msg:taxonomy}}</th></tr>
<tr><td><table align="center">
<tr><td><table align="center">
<tr><td>Kingdom:</td><td>[[Animal]]ia</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:regnum}}:</td><td>[[Animal]]ia</td></tr>
<tr><td>Phylum:</td><td>[[Chordata]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:Phylum}}:</td><td>[[Chordata]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Class:</td><td>[[Mammalia]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:Classis}}:</td><td>[[Mammalia]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Order:</td><td>[[Primates]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:Ordo}}:</td><td>[[Primates]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Suborder:</td><td>[[Haplorhini]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:Subordo}}:</td><td>[[Haplorhini]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Superfamily:</td><td>[[Catarrhini]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:Superfamilia}}:</td><td>[[Catarrhini]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Family:</td><td>'''Hylobatidae'''</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{msg:Familia}}:</td><td>'''Hylobatidae'''</td></tr>
<tr><td>Genus:</td><td>'''''Hylobates'''''</td></tr>
<tr><td>Genus:</td><td>'''''Bunopithecus'''''</td></tr>
<tr><td>Genus:</td><td>'''''Nomascus'''''</td></tr>
<tr><td>Genus:</td><td>'''''Symphalangus'''''</td></tr>
</td></tr>
</table>
</table>
</td></tr>
</td></tr>
<tr><th bgcolor=pink>[[Species]]</th></tr>
<tr><th bgcolor=pink>[[Species]]</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<tr><td>
''Hylobates agilis''<br>
''[[Hylobates]]''<br>
''Hylobates klossii''<br>
''[[Bunopithecus]]''<br>
''Hylobates lar''<br>
''[[Nomascus]]''<br>
⚫
''[[Symphalangus]]''
⚫
''Hylobates moloch''<br>
''Hylobates muelleri''<br>
''Hylobates pileatus''<br>
⚫
''Bunopithecus hoolock''<br>
⚫
''Nomascus concolor''<br>
''Nomascus nasutus''<br>
⚫
''Nomascus leucogenys''<br>
''Nomascus gabriellae''<br>
⚫
''Symphalangus syndactylus''
</td></tr>
</td></tr>
</table>
</table>


'''Gibbons''' are small [[ape]]s that were traditionally grouped in the [[genus]] '''''Hylobates''''', though at present they are now divided them into four genera based on their diploid chromosome number: ''Hylobates'' (44), ''Bunopithecus'' (38), ''Nomascus'' (52), and ''Symphalangus'' (50). They make up the entirety of the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Hylobatidae'''. They are also called ''lesser apes'', and differ from great apes in being smaller, generally monogamous, in not making nests, and in certain anatomical details in which they more closely resemble monkeys than the great apes do. They occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China. Gibbons are masters of their primary mode of locomotion, [[brachiation]], allowing them to swing from branch to branch distances of up to 50 feet, at speeds as much as 35 mph. Strongly territorial, they defend their boundaries with vigorous visual and vocal displays. The vocal element, which can often be heard for long distances, consists of a duet between the mated pair, the young animals sometimes joining in. This eerie song can make them an easy find for poachers who engage in the illegal wildlife trade and sales of body parts for use in traditional medicine. Most species are threatened or endangered, and the most important reason is degradation or loss of their forest habitat.
'''Gibbons''' are small [[ape]]s that were traditionally grouped in the [[genus]] ''Hylobates'', though they are now divided them into four genera based on their diploid chromosome number: ''[[Hylobates]]'' (44), ''[[Bunopithecus]]'' (38), ''[[Nomascus]]'' (52), and ''[[Symphalangus]]'' (50). They make up the entirety of the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Hylobatidae'''.
The Gibbons are also called '''lesser apes''', and differ from [[great ape]]s ([[chimpanzee]]s, [[gorilla]]s, [[orangutan]]s and [[human]]s) in being smaller, generally monogamous, in not making nests, and in certain anatomical details in which they more closely resemble monkeys than the great apes do. They occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China. Gibbons are masters of their primary mode of locomotion, [[brachiation]], allowing them to swing from branch to branch distances of up to 50 feet, at speeds as much as 35 mph. Strongly territorial, they defend their boundaries with vigorous visual and vocal displays. The vocal element, which can often be heard for long distances, consists of a duet between the mated pair, the young animals sometimes joining in. This eerie song can make them an easy find for poachers who engage in the illegal wildlife trade and sales of body parts for use in traditional medicine. Most species are threatened or endangered, and the most important reason is degradation or loss of their forest habitat.


The species include the [[Siamang]], the [[White-handed Gibbon]], and the [[Hoolock Gibbon]]. The siamang, which is the largest, is distinguished by having two digits on each side stuck together, hence the species name ''syndactylus''.
The species include the [[Siamang]], the [[White-handed Gibbon]] or Lar, and the [[Hoolock Gibbon]]. The siamang, which is the largest, is distinguished by having two digits on each side stuck together, hence the species name ''syndactylus''.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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**** Family [[Cercopithecidae]]: Old World monkeys
**** Family [[Cercopithecidae]]: Old World monkeys
**** '''Family Hylobatidae''': gibbons
**** '''Family Hylobatidae''': gibbons
***** '''Genus ''Hylobates'''''
***** ''Hylobates agilis''
****** ''Hylobates agilis''
****** ''H. a. agilis'', [[Agile Gibbon|Mountain Agile Gibbon]]
******* ''H. a. agilis'', Mountain Agile Gibbon
****** ''H. a. albibarbis'', [[Agile Gibbon|Bornean Agile Gibbon]]
******* ''H. a. albibarbis'', Bornean Agile Gibbon
****** ''H. a. unko'', [[Agile Gibbon|Lowland Agile Gibbon]]
******* ''H. a. unko'', Lowland Agile Gibbon
***** ''Hylobates klossii'', [[Kloss' Gibbon]] or Mentawai Gibbon
****** ''Hylobates klossii'', Kloss' or Mentawai Gibbon
***** ''Hylobates lar''
****** ''Hylobates lar''
****** ''H. l. lar'', [[White-handed Gibbon|Malaysian Lar]]
******* ''H. l. lar'', Malaysian Lar
****** ''H. l. carpenteri'', [[White-handed Gibbon|Carpenter's Lar]]
******* ''H. l. carpenteri'', Carpenter's Lar
****** ''H. l. entelloides'', [[White-handed Gibbon|Central Lar]]
******* ''H. l. entelloides'', Central Lar
****** ''H. l. vestitus'', [[White-handed Gibbon|Sumatran Lar]]
******* ''H. l. vestitus'', Sumatran Lar
****** ''H. l. yunnanensis'', [[White-handed Gibbon|Yunnan Lar]]
******* ''H. l. yunnanensis'', Yunnan Lar
***** ''Hylobates moloch''
****** ''Hylobates moloch''
****** ''H. m. moloch'', [[Silvery Gibbon|Western Silvery Gibbon]]
******* ''H. m. moloch'', Western Silvery Gibbon
****** ''H. m. pongoalsoni'', [[Silvery Gibbon|Eastern Silvery Gibbon]]
⚫
***** ''Hylobates muelleri''
******* ''H. m. pongoalsoni'', Eastern Silvery Gibbon
****** ''Hylobates muelleri''
****** ''H. m. muelleri'', [[Grey Gibbon|Mueller's Grey Gibbon]]
******* ''H. m. muelleri'', Mueller's Grey Gibbon
****** ''H. m. abbotti'', [[Grey Gibbon|Abbott's Grey Gibbon]]
******* ''H. m. abbotti'', Abbott's Grey Gibbon
****** ''H. m. funereus'', [[Grey Gibbon|Northern Grey Gibbon]]
******* ''H. m. funereus'', Northern Grey Gibbon
****** ''H. m. ?'', ?
⚫
***** ''Hylobates pileatus'', [[Pileated Gibbon]] or Capped Gibbon
******* ''H. m. ?'', ?
⚫
***** ''Bunopithecus hoolock''
⚫
****** ''Hylobates pileatus'', Pileated or Capped Gibbon
⚫
****** ''B. h. hoolock'', [[Hoolock Gibbon|Western Hoolock Gibbon]]
***** '''Genus ''Bunopithecus'''''
****** ''B. h.leuconedys '', [[Hoolock Gibbon|Eastern Hoolock Gibbon]]
****** ''Bunopithecus hoolock''
⚫
***** ''Nomascus concolor''
⚫
******* ''B. h. hoolock'', Western Hoolock Gibbon
******* ''B. h.leuconedys '', Eastern Hoolock Gibbon
****** ''N. c. concolor'', [[Black Crested Gibbon|Tonkin Black Crested Gibbon]]
⚫
****** ''N. c. furvogaster'', [[Black Crested Gibbon|West Yunnan Black Crested Gibbon]]
***** '''Genus ''Nomascus'''''
⚫
****** ''N. c. jingdongensis'', [[Black Crested Gibbon|Jingdong Black Crested Gibbon]]
****** ''Nomascus concolor''
******* ''N. c. concolor'', Tonkin Black Crested Gibbon
****** ''N. c. lu'', [[Black Crested Gibbon|Laotian Black Crested Gibbon]]
******* ''N. c. furvogaster'', West Yunnan Black Crested Gibbon
***** ''Nomascus gabriellae'', [[Yellow-cheeked Crested Gibbon]]
⚫
***** ''Nomascus leucogenys''
⚫
******* ''N. c. jingdongensis'', Jingdong Black Crested Gibbon
******* ''N. c. lu'', Laotian Black Crested Gibbon
****** ''N. l. leucogenys'', [[White-cheeked Crested Gibbon|Northern White-cheeked Crested Gibbon]]
****** ''Nomascus gabriellae'', Yellow-cheeked Crested Gibbon
****** ''N. l. siki'', [[White-Cheeked Crested Gibbon|Southern White-cheeked Crested Gibbon]]
****** ''Nomascus leucogenys''
***** ''Nomascus nasutus''
******* ''N. l. leucogenys'', Northern White-cheeked Crested Gibbon
****** ''N. n. nasutus'', [[Black Crested Gibbon|Eastern Black Crested Gibbon]]
******* ''N. l. siki'', Southern White-Cheeked Crested Gibbon
****** ''N. n. hainanus'', [[Black Crested Gibbon|Hainan Black Crested Gibbon]]
****** ''Nomascus nasutus''
****** ''N. n. ?'', ?
⚫
***** ''Symphalangus syndactylus''
⚫
******* ''N. n. nasutus'', Eastern Black Crested Gibbon
******* ''N. n. hainanus'', Hainan Black Crested Gibbon
****** ''S. s. syndactylus'', [[Siamang|Sumatran Siamang]]
******* ''N. n. ?'', ?
****** ''S. s. continentis'', [[Siamang|Malaysian Siamang]]
***** '''Genus ''Symphalangus'''''
⚫
****** ''Symphalangus syndactylus''
******* ''S. s. syndactylus'', Sumatran Siamang
******* ''S. s. continentis'', Malaysian Siamang
**** Family [[Hominidae]]: great apes and humans
**** Family [[Hominidae]]: great apes and humans


Revision as of 12:31, 11 May 2004

Gibbons
Template:Regnum:Animalia
Template:Phylum:Chordata
Template:Classis:Mammalia
Template:Ordo:Primates
Template:Subordo:Haplorhini
Template:Superfamilia:Catarrhini
Template:Familia:Hylobatidae
Species

Hylobates
Bunopithecus
Nomascus
Symphalangus

Gibbons are small apes that were traditionally grouped in the genus Hylobates, though they are now divided them into four genera based on their diploid chromosome number: Hylobates (44), Bunopithecus (38), Nomascus (52), and Symphalangus (50). They make up the entirety of the family Hylobatidae.

The Gibbons are also called lesser apes, and differ from great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and humans) in being smaller, generally monogamous, in not making nests, and in certain anatomical details in which they more closely resemble monkeys than the great apes do. They occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China. Gibbons are masters of their primary mode of locomotion, brachiation, allowing them to swing from branch to branch distances of up to 50 feet, at speeds as much as 35 mph. Strongly territorial, they defend their boundaries with vigorous visual and vocal displays. The vocal element, which can often be heard for long distances, consists of a duet between the mated pair, the young animals sometimes joining in. This eerie song can make them an easy find for poachers who engage in the illegal wildlife trade and sales of body parts for use in traditional medicine. Most species are threatened or endangered, and the most important reason is degradation or loss of their forest habitat.

The species include the Siamang, the White-handed Gibbon or Lar, and the Hoolock Gibbon. The siamang, which is the largest, is distinguished by having two digits on each side stuck together, hence the species name syndactylus.

Classification

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