Brothers (1445–1467): Difference between revisions
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Brothers (Czech: bratříci, Slovak: bratríci, Polish: bracia<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goliński |first=Mateusz |title=Żebracy – XV-wieczne bractwo żołnierskie i jego historiograficzne kreacje |publisher=Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka |year=2023 |isbn=978-83-8138-930-3 |editor-last=Smęda |editor-first=Zofia |location=Cracow |pages=7-13 |language=pl |trans-title=Beggars – a 15th-century soldier brotherhood and its historiographic creations |chapter=Wprowadzenie |doi=10.12797/9788381389303}}</ref>) – independent units composed of former Hussite fighters operating in the years 1445–1467 in the territory of present-day Slovakia, Moravia, northern Austria and southern Poland[2]. |
Brothers (Czech: bratříci, Slovak: bratríci, Polish: bracia<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goliński |first=Mateusz |title=Żebracy – XV-wieczne bractwo żołnierskie i jego historiograficzne kreacje |publisher=Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka |year=2023 |isbn=978-83-8138-930-3 |editor-last=Smęda |editor-first=Zofia |location=Cracow |pages=7-13 |language=pl |trans-title=Beggars – a 15th-century soldier brotherhood and its historiographic creations |chapter=Wprowadzenie |trans-chapter=Introduction |doi=10.12797/9788381389303}}</ref>) – independent units composed of former Hussite fighters operating in the years 1445–1467 in the territory of present-day Slovakia, Moravia, northern Austria and southern Poland[2]. |
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The Brothers were an anti-feudal group[b] brought to the territory of present-day Slovakia from Czechia by Jan Jiskra of Brandýs[4]. Their core was made up of Czech Hussite fighters (mainly Taborites), but their ranks also included Slovak peasants, the urban poor, representatives of the lower clergy, and even some impoverished feudal lords[5]. The formation's greatest development occurred after 1453, when it was commanded by Peter Aksamit of Liderovice, and his troops numbered about 15-20 thousand soldiers[6]. At that time, they plundered many settlements and monasteries - Camaldolese in Červený Kláštor and Premonstratensian in Jasov[7], and in the years 1447-1451 they also regularly attacked trade caravans heading to Poland[4]. In 1451, the brothers fought a victorious battle at Lučenac against the Hungarian troops of Ladislaus Hunyadi, who were more than twice as numerous. However, the fighting with the Hungarians continued and, as a result of the lost Battle of Trebišov in November 1454, their activity was paralysed in the Zemplín region. A year later, however, they managed to defend[c] Kežmarok in Spiš against the troops of Jan Jiskra, who was then in Hungarian service, while the growing involvement of cities (especially Levoča and Bardejov) in combating it became an increasing threat to the movement[8]. By 1458, Aksamit's troops already controlled eastern and partly central Slovakia. In the territories governed by the brothers, there were about 35 field camps and castles, where radical Hussite piety was practiced, and the official language was Czech. In 1458, after the defeat in the Battle of Blatný Potok (Sárospatak), during which many members of the movement were killed and taken prisoner[d], the formation gradually declined, which ended in 1467 with the capture of the camp at Wielkie Kostolany in western Slovakia by Matthias Corvinus' troops. Many brothers then went over to the king's side and became members of the elite Matthias Guard (the so-called Black Rota)[6]. |
The Brothers were an anti-feudal group[b] brought to the territory of present-day Slovakia from Czechia by Jan Jiskra of Brandýs[4]. Their core was made up of Czech Hussite fighters (mainly Taborites), but their ranks also included Slovak peasants, the urban poor, representatives of the lower clergy, and even some impoverished feudal lords[5]. The formation's greatest development occurred after 1453, when it was commanded by Peter Aksamit of Liderovice, and his troops numbered about 15-20 thousand soldiers[6]. At that time, they plundered many settlements and monasteries - Camaldolese in Červený Kláštor and Premonstratensian in Jasov[7], and in the years 1447-1451 they also regularly attacked trade caravans heading to Poland[4]. In 1451, the brothers fought a victorious battle at Lučenac against the Hungarian troops of Ladislaus Hunyadi, who were more than twice as numerous. However, the fighting with the Hungarians continued and, as a result of the lost Battle of Trebišov in November 1454, their activity was paralysed in the Zemplín region. A year later, however, they managed to defend[c] Kežmarok in Spiš against the troops of Jan Jiskra, who was then in Hungarian service, while the growing involvement of cities (especially Levoča and Bardejov) in combating it became an increasing threat to the movement[8]. By 1458, Aksamit's troops already controlled eastern and partly central Slovakia. In the territories governed by the brothers, there were about 35 field camps and castles, where radical Hussite piety was practiced, and the official language was Czech. In 1458, after the defeat in the Battle of Blatný Potok (Sárospatak), during which many members of the movement were killed and taken prisoner[d], the formation gradually declined, which ended in 1467 with the capture of the camp at Wielkie Kostolany in western Slovakia by Matthias Corvinus' troops. Many brothers then went over to the king's side and became members of the elite Matthias Guard (the so-called Black Rota)[6]. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 21:01, 7 December 2024
Brothers (Czech: bratříci, Slovak: bratríci, Polish: bracia[1]) – independent units composed of former Hussite fighters operating in the years 1445–1467 in the territory of present-day Slovakia, Moravia, northern Austria and southern Poland[2].
The Brothers were an anti-feudal group[b] brought to the territory of present-day Slovakia from Czechia by Jan Jiskra of Brandýs[4]. Their core was made up of Czech Hussite fighters (mainly Taborites), but their ranks also included Slovak peasants, the urban poor, representatives of the lower clergy, and even some impoverished feudal lords[5]. The formation's greatest development occurred after 1453, when it was commanded by Peter Aksamit of Liderovice, and his troops numbered about 15-20 thousand soldiers[6]. At that time, they plundered many settlements and monasteries - Camaldolese in Červený Kláštor and Premonstratensian in Jasov[7], and in the years 1447-1451 they also regularly attacked trade caravans heading to Poland[4]. In 1451, the brothers fought a victorious battle at Lučenac against the Hungarian troops of Ladislaus Hunyadi, who were more than twice as numerous. However, the fighting with the Hungarians continued and, as a result of the lost Battle of Trebišov in November 1454, their activity was paralysed in the Zemplín region. A year later, however, they managed to defend[c] Kežmarok in Spiš against the troops of Jan Jiskra, who was then in Hungarian service, while the growing involvement of cities (especially Levoča and Bardejov) in combating it became an increasing threat to the movement[8]. By 1458, Aksamit's troops already controlled eastern and partly central Slovakia. In the territories governed by the brothers, there were about 35 field camps and castles, where radical Hussite piety was practiced, and the official language was Czech. In 1458, after the defeat in the Battle of Blatný Potok (Sárospatak), during which many members of the movement were killed and taken prisoner[d], the formation gradually declined, which ended in 1467 with the capture of the camp at Wielkie Kostolany in western Slovakia by Matthias Corvinus' troops. Many brothers then went over to the king's side and became members of the elite Matthias Guard (the so-called Black Rota)[6].
References
- ^ Goliński, Mateusz (2023). "Wprowadzenie" [Introduction]. In Smęda, Zofia (ed.). Żebracy – XV-wieczne bractwo żołnierskie i jego historiograficzne kreacje [Beggars – a 15th-century soldier brotherhood and its historiographic creations] (in Polish). Cracow: Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka. pp. 7–13. doi:10.12797/9788381389303. ISBN 978-83-8138-930-3.