Matthew 4:12: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Verse of the Bible}} |
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{{Bible chapter|letname= Matthew 4:12 |previouslink= Matthew 4:11 |previousletter= 4:11 |nextlink= Matthew 4:13 |nextletter= 4:13 |book=[[Gospel of Matthew]] |biblepart=[[New Testament]] | filename= Machaerus Panorama.jpg |size=240px | caption=<div style="width: 240px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Ruins of Fortress [[Machaerus]] on the hilltop with the [[Dead Sea]] in the background. [[John the Baptist]] was imprisoned and executed here, according to [[Flavius Josephus|Josephus]].<ref>''Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible'' 2000 {{ISBN|90-5356-503-5}} p. 583</ref></div>}} |
{{Bible chapter|letname= Matthew 4:12 |previouslink= Matthew 4:11 |previousletter= 4:11 |nextlink= Matthew 4:13 |nextletter= 4:13 |book=[[Gospel of Matthew]] |biblepart=[[New Testament]] | filename= Machaerus Panorama.jpg |size=240px | caption=<div style="width: 240px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Ruins of Fortress [[Machaerus]] on the hilltop with the [[Dead Sea]] in the background. [[John the Baptist]] was imprisoned and executed here, according to [[Flavius Josephus|Josephus]].<ref>''Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible'' 2000 {{ISBN|90-5356-503-5}} p. 583</ref></div>}} |
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'''Matthew 4:12''' is the twelfth verse of [[Matthew 4|the fourth chapter]] of the [[Gospel of Matthew]] in the [[New Testament]]. The [[temptation]] scene has just ended, and this verse begins the introduction to the discussion of |
'''Matthew 4:12''' is the twelfth verse of [[Matthew 4|the fourth chapter]] of the [[Gospel of Matthew]] in the [[New Testament]]. The [[Temptation of Jesus|temptation]] scene has just ended, and this verse begins the introduction to the discussion of the [[Ministry of Jesus]], which makes up the bulk of the gospel narrative. Jesus' ministry in [[Galilee]] extends from this verse as far as [[Matthew 18:35]]. |
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==Content== |
==Content== |
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[[File:P102-Mat-4 11-12-POxy4402-III-IV.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Matthew 4:11-12 on [[Papyrus 102]] (3rd century).]] |
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The text in [[Koine Greek]], according to the [[Textus Receptus]], reads:<ref name="Mt4_12g">[https://biblehub.com/text/matthew/4-12.htm Greek Text Analysis: Matthew 4:12]. Biblehub</ref> |
The text in [[Koine Greek]], according to the [[Textus Receptus]], reads:<ref name="Mt4_12g">[https://biblehub.com/text/matthew/4-12.htm Greek Text Analysis: Matthew 4:12]. Biblehub</ref> |
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:{{lang|grc|Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν}} |
:{{lang|grc|Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν}} |
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In the [[King James Version]] of the Bible the text reads: |
In the [[King James Version]] of the Bible, the text reads: |
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:Now when Jesus had heard that John was |
:Now when Jesus had heard that John was |
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:cast into prison, he departed into Galilee; |
:cast into prison, he departed into Galilee; |
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The [[World English Bible]] translates |
The [[World English Bible]] translates this verse as: |
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:Now when Jesus heard that John was |
:Now when Jesus heard that John was |
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:delivered up, he withdrew into Galilee. |
:delivered up, he withdrew into Galilee. |
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For a collection of other versions see [http://biblehub.com/matthew/4-12.htm BibleHub Matthew 4:12]. |
For a collection of other versions, see [http://biblehub.com/matthew/4-12.htm BibleHub Matthew 4:12]. |
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==Textual witnesses== |
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Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse in Greek are: |
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*[[Papyrus 102]] (3rd century)<ref>Thomas, J. David. ''The Oxyrhynchus Papyri LXIV'' (London: 1997), pp. 4–5.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10102|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=27 August 2011|location=Münster}}</ref> |
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*[[Codex Vaticanus]] (325-350) |
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*[[Codex Sinaiticus]] (330-360) |
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*[[Codex Bezae]] (~400) |
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*[[Codex Washingtonianus]] (~400) |
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*[[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]] (~450) |
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==Analysis== |
==Analysis== |
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According to the theory of [[Markan Priority]] this verse is based closely on the very similar {{bibleverse|Mark|1:14|KJV}}. The verse refers to [[John the Baptist]], the central character of [[Matthew 3]] |
According to the theory of [[Markan Priority]], this verse is based closely on the very similar {{bibleverse|Mark|1:14|KJV}}. The verse refers to [[John the Baptist]], the central character of [[Matthew 3]], and to his arrest by [[Herod Antipas]]. The Gospel of Matthew does not go into greater detail about John's arrest until [[Matthew 14|chapter 14]]. |
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Although [[Matthew 4:11|verse 11]] refers to the end of Jesus' period of temptation in the wilderness, there is not necessarily an immediate connection between this episode and his return north from [[Judea]] to Galilee, where he had lived since his childhood.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|2:23}}</ref> [[E. H. Plumptre]] argues that "there is a great break", although he sees some of the events of [[Gospel of John|John's opening chapters]] filling this gap.<ref>Plumptre, E. H. (1905), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/matthew/4.htm Matthew 4] in ''Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers'', accessed on 29 June 2024</ref> However, [[Heinrich Meyer]] holds that "a longer intervening period between the temptation and the return to Galilee is not hinted at by Matthew (nor even by Mark)", and he notes that [[Luke 4|Luke's narrative]] (Luke 4:13-14) more closely connects the defeat of [[Satan|the tempter]] with Jesus' return north.<ref>Meyer, H. A. W., (1880), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/matthew/4.htm Meyer's NT Commentary] on Matthew 4, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed on 29 June 2024</ref> Jones, and most others readers,{{who|date=June 2024}} believe that some months likely elapsed.<ref>Jones, Alexander, ''The Gospel According to St. Matthew'', London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1965.</ref> There is no historical record of exactly when John was arrested, which would clarify the dating.<ref>[[R. T. France|France, R.T.]] ''The Gospel of Matthew.'' Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007 pg. 140</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Jesus had left Galilee to be baptized in [[Matthew 3:13]]. Schweizer notes that the text does not make clear that the arrest of John the Baptist was the cause of Jesus' return to Galilee, only that the two events occurred at the same time.<ref>[[Eduard Schweizer|Schweizer, Eduard]], ''The Good News According to Matthew'', Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975</ref> However, France notes that the word ''withdrew'' in Matthew almost always refers to a retreat from hostile forces, implying that is what is happening here.<ref name="france_1985">France, R.T. ''The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary.'' Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.</ref> Both Judea and Galilee were under the control of Herod Antipas at this point, so unlike [[Matthew 2:22]] this is not a move to the domain of a different ruler, but it is perfectly plausible {{who says|date=June 2024}} that distant Galilee would be safer for John's followers than the area around the [[Jordan River|Jordan]]. |
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| ⚫ | Matthew also says nothing about what occurred between the temptation and arrest of John. Jesus is often portrayed {{by whom|date=June 2024}} as serving as one of John's disciples during this period. France agrees with this theory. He thus sees the arrest as causing an important change in Jesus' ministry. In the area by the Jordan it is presumed that Jesus adopted John's baptism-based ministry. France argues the flight to Galilee induced a transition to a ministry based on itinerant preaching.<ref name="france_1985"/> |
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| ⚫ | The term translated as "cast into prison", or more accurately "delivered up", is one that will reappear frequently in the reports of Jesus' own imprisonment.<ref>Harrington, Daniel J., ''The Gospel of Matthew'', Liturgical Press, 1991 pg. 66</ref> Though Nolland notes that Matthew does not contain the same extensive John/Jesus parallels as Mark.<ref>Nolland, John, ''The Gospel of Matthew: a commentary on the Greek text'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 pg. 169</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Jesus |
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==Commentary from the Church Fathers== |
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Matthew also says nothing about what occurred between the temptation and arrest of John. Jones, and most others readers, believe that some months likely elapse.<ref>Jones, Alexander. ''The Gospel According to St. Matthew.'' London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1965.</ref> There is no historical record of exactly when John was arrested, which would clarify the dating.<ref>[[R. T. France|France, R.T.]]. ''The Gospel of Matthew.'' Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007 pg. 140</ref> |
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[[Rabanus Maurus]]: Matthew having related the forty days’ fast, the temptation of Christ, and the ministry of Angels, proceeds, Jesus having heard that John was cast into prison.<ref name="Commentary"/> |
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[[Pseudo-Chrysostom]]: By God without doubt, for none can effect anything against a holy man, unless God deliver him up. He withdrew into Galilee, that is, out of Judæa; both that He might reserve His passion to the fit time, and that He might set us an example of flying from danger.<ref name="Commentary"/> |
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| ⚫ | Jesus is often portrayed as serving as one of John's disciples during this period. France agrees with this theory. He thus sees the arrest as causing an important change in Jesus' ministry. In the area by the Jordan it is presumed that Jesus adopted John's baptism |
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[[Chrysostom]]: It is not blameworthy not to throw one's self into peril, but when one has fallen into it, not to endure manfully. He departed from Judæa both to soften Jewish animosity, and to fulfil a [[prophecy]], seeking moreover to fish for those masters of the world who dwelt in Galilee. Note also how when He would depart to the Gentiles, He received good cause from the Jews; His forerunner was thrown into prison, which compelled Jesus to pass into Galilee of the Gentiles.<ref name="Commentary">{{citation-attribution|1={{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/p1catenaaureacom01thomuoft/page/n19/mode/2up|title=Catena Aurea: commentary on the four Gospels; collected out of the works of the Fathers. Oxford: Parker, 1874. Thomas Aquinas|year=1874 |publisher=Oxford, Parker }} }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The term translated as "cast into prison |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 06:22, 29 June 2024
| Matthew 4:12 | |
|---|---|
← 4:11 4:13 → | |
 Ruins of Fortress Machaerus on the hilltop with the Dead Sea in the background. John the Baptist was imprisoned and executed here, according to Josephus.[1] | |
| Book | Gospel of Matthew |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
Matthew 4:12 is the twelfth verse of the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The temptation scene has just ended, and this verse begins the introduction to the discussion of the Ministry of Jesus, which makes up the bulk of the gospel narrative. Jesus' ministry in Galilee extends from this verse as far as Matthew 18:35.
Content
[edit]The text in Koine Greek, according to the Textus Receptus, reads:[2]
- Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν
In the King James Version of the Bible, the text reads:
- Now when Jesus had heard that John was
- cast into prison, he departed into Galilee;
The World English Bible translates this verse as:
- Now when Jesus heard that John was
- delivered up, he withdrew into Galilee.
For a collection of other versions, see BibleHub Matthew 4:12.
Textual witnesses
[edit]Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse in Greek are:
- Papyrus 102 (3rd century)[3][4]
- Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Bezae (~400)
- Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450)
Analysis
[edit]According to the theory of Markan Priority, this verse is based closely on the very similar Mark 1:14. The verse refers to John the Baptist, the central character of Matthew 3, and to his arrest by Herod Antipas. The Gospel of Matthew does not go into greater detail about John's arrest until chapter 14.
Although verse 11 refers to the end of Jesus' period of temptation in the wilderness, there is not necessarily an immediate connection between this episode and his return north from Judea to Galilee, where he had lived since his childhood.[5] E. H. Plumptre argues that "there is a great break", although he sees some of the events of John's opening chapters filling this gap.[6] However, Heinrich Meyer holds that "a longer intervening period between the temptation and the return to Galilee is not hinted at by Matthew (nor even by Mark)", and he notes that Luke's narrative (Luke 4:13-14) more closely connects the defeat of the tempter with Jesus' return north.[7] Jones, and most others readers,[who?] believe that some months likely elapsed.[8] There is no historical record of exactly when John was arrested, which would clarify the dating.[9]
Jesus had left Galilee to be baptized in Matthew 3:13. Schweizer notes that the text does not make clear that the arrest of John the Baptist was the cause of Jesus' return to Galilee, only that the two events occurred at the same time.[10] However, France notes that the word withdrew in Matthew almost always refers to a retreat from hostile forces, implying that is what is happening here.[11] Both Judea and Galilee were under the control of Herod Antipas at this point, so unlike Matthew 2:22 this is not a move to the domain of a different ruler, but it is perfectly plausible [according to whom?] that distant Galilee would be safer for John's followers than the area around the Jordan.
Matthew also says nothing about what occurred between the temptation and arrest of John. Jesus is often portrayed [by whom?] as serving as one of John's disciples during this period. France agrees with this theory. He thus sees the arrest as causing an important change in Jesus' ministry. In the area by the Jordan it is presumed that Jesus adopted John's baptism-based ministry. France argues the flight to Galilee induced a transition to a ministry based on itinerant preaching.[11]
The term translated as "cast into prison", or more accurately "delivered up", is one that will reappear frequently in the reports of Jesus' own imprisonment.[12] Though Nolland notes that Matthew does not contain the same extensive John/Jesus parallels as Mark.[13]
Commentary from the Church Fathers
[edit]Rabanus Maurus: Matthew having related the forty days’ fast, the temptation of Christ, and the ministry of Angels, proceeds, Jesus having heard that John was cast into prison.[14]
Pseudo-Chrysostom: By God without doubt, for none can effect anything against a holy man, unless God deliver him up. He withdrew into Galilee, that is, out of Judæa; both that He might reserve His passion to the fit time, and that He might set us an example of flying from danger.[14]
Chrysostom: It is not blameworthy not to throw one's self into peril, but when one has fallen into it, not to endure manfully. He departed from Judæa both to soften Jewish animosity, and to fulfil a prophecy, seeking moreover to fish for those masters of the world who dwelt in Galilee. Note also how when He would depart to the Gentiles, He received good cause from the Jews; His forerunner was thrown into prison, which compelled Jesus to pass into Galilee of the Gentiles.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 2000 ISBN 90-5356-503-5 p. 583
- ^ Greek Text Analysis: Matthew 4:12. Biblehub
- ^ Thomas, J. David. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri LXIV (London: 1997), pp. 4–5.
- ^ "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
- ^ Matthew 2:23
- ^ Plumptre, E. H. (1905), Matthew 4 in Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers, accessed on 29 June 2024
- ^ Meyer, H. A. W., (1880), Meyer's NT Commentary on Matthew 4, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed on 29 June 2024
- ^ Jones, Alexander, The Gospel According to St. Matthew, London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1965.
- ^ France, R.T. The Gospel of Matthew. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007 pg. 140
- ^ Schweizer, Eduard, The Good News According to Matthew, Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975
- ^ a b France, R.T. The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.
- ^ Harrington, Daniel J., The Gospel of Matthew, Liturgical Press, 1991 pg. 66
- ^ Nolland, John, The Gospel of Matthew: a commentary on the Greek text, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 pg. 169
- ^ a b c
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Catena Aurea: commentary on the four Gospels; collected out of the works of the Fathers. Oxford: Parker, 1874. Thomas Aquinas". Oxford, Parker. 1874.
| Preceded by Matthew 4:11 |
Gospel of Matthew Chapter 4 |
Succeeded by Matthew 4:13 |