Hot cross bun: Difference between revisions

Hot cross bun
	Homemade hot cross buns
Type	Spiced bun
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Region or state	England
Main ingredients	Wheat flour, currants or raisins with spices
	Media: Hot cross bun;

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A hot cross bun is a spiced bun, usually containing small pieces of raisins and marked with a cross on the top, which has been traditionally eaten on Good Friday in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, India, Pakistan, Malta, United States and the Commonwealth Caribbean.^[1]^[2]^[3] They are available all year round in some countries, including the UK.^[4]^[5]

The bun marks the end of the season of Lent and different elements of the hot cross bun each have a specific meaning, such as the cross representing the crucifixion of Jesus, the spices inside signifying the spices used to embalm him and sometimes also orange peel reflecting the bitterness of his time on the cross.^[6]^[7]

History

The Greeks in the 6th century AD may have marked cakes with a cross.^[8]^[9]

In the Christian tradition, the making of buns with a cross on them and consuming them after breaking the fast on Good Friday, along with "crying about 'Hot cross buns'", is done in order to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus.^[10] It is hypothesised that the contemporary hot cross bun of Christianity derives at some distance from a bun developed in St Albans in England. There in 1361, Brother Thomas Rodcliffe, a Christian monk at St Albans Abbey, developed a similar recipe called an "Alban Bun" and distributed the bun to the poor on Good Friday.^[11]

In 1592, during the reign of Elizabeth I of England, the London Clerk of Markets issued a decree forbidding the sale of spiced buns and other spiced breads, except at burials, on Good Friday, or at Christmas. The punishment for transgressing the decree was forfeiture of all the forbidden product to the poor. As a result, hot cross buns at the time were primarily made in domestic kitchens. Further attempts to suppress the sale of these items outside of these holy days took place during the reign of James I of England (1603–1625).^[12]

The first definite record of hot cross buns comes from a London street cry: "Good Friday comes this month, the old woman runs. With one or two a penny hot cross buns", which appeared in Poor Robin's Almanac for 1733.^[13] The line "One a penny, two a penny, hot cross-buns" appears in the English nursery rhyme "Hot Cross Buns" published in the London Chronicle for 2–4 June 1767.^[14] Food historian Ivan Day states, "The buns were made in London during the 18th century. But when you start looking for records or recipes earlier than that, you hit nothing."^[4]

Traditions

English folklore includes many superstitions surrounding hot cross buns. One is that if the bun was made from dough kneaded for the host and baked and served on Good Friday, it would not spoil or grow mouldy during the subsequent year. Much the same was claimed for sacrificial bread in Classical times before Christianity.^[15] Another belief encourages keeping such a bun for medicinal purposes. A piece of it given to someone who is ill is said to help them recover.^[16]

If taken on a sea voyage, hot cross buns are said to protect against shipwreck. If hung in the kitchen, they are said to protect against fire and ensure that all breads turn out perfectly. The hanging bun is replaced each year.^[16]

Other versions

In the United Kingdom, the major supermarkets produce variations on the traditional recipe such as toffee, orange-cranberry, salted caramel and chocolate, and apple-cinnamon.^[17]

In Australia, recent variations of the Hot Cross Bun by major supermarkets have included chocolate chip, sour cherry, burger sauce, Iced VoVo, Pizza Shapes, Vegemite and cheese, jalapeño and cheese, and others.^[18]

In Jamaica and some Commonwealth Caribbean islands, the hot cross bun has over time evolved into a spiced Easter bun with the addition of molasses, spices and a loaf shape.^[19]^[20] This bun is eaten with cheese in islands such as Jamaica and Guyana and served with beverages such as mauby or ginger beer.^[21]

In Slovakia and in the Czech Republic, mazanec is a similar cake or sweet bread eaten at Easter. It often has a cross marked on top.^[22]

The cross

The traditional method for making the cross on top of the bun is to use shortcrust pastry,^[23]^[24] though some 21st century recipes recommended a paste of flour and water.^[25]

References

^ Alexander, Deepa (10 April 2017). "Season's eatings". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
^ "Caribbean Easter meals to keep families together during covid-19 | Loop Caribbean News". Loop News. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ "Hot Cross Buns, A Caribbean Easter Tradition". Global Voices. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ ^a ^b Rohrer, Finlo (1 April 2010). "BBC - How did hot cross buns become two a penny?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
^ "Always a good time for hot cross buns | Coles". Coles. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
^ Turner, Ina; Taylor, Ina (1999). Christianity. Nelson Thornes. p. 50. ISBN 9780748740871. To mark the end of the Lent fast Christians eat hot cross buns. These have a special meaning. The cross in the middle shows how Jesus died. Spices inside remind Christians of the spices put on the body of Jesus. Sweet fruits in the bun show that Christians no longer have to eat plain foods.
^ Fakes, Dennis R. (1 January 1994). Exploring Our Lutheran Liturgy. CSS Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 9781556735967. Since people often gave up meat during Lent, bread became one of the staples of Lent. Bakers even began making dough pretzels--a knotted length of dough that represented a Christian praying, with arms crossed and hands placed on opposite shoulders. Hot cross buns are popular during Lent. The cross of course reminds the eater of Christ's cross.
^ "Who Were The First To Cry "Hot Cross Buns?"". The New York Times. 31 March 1912. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
^ Elwes, Annunciata (13 April 2019). "Curious Questions: Why do we eat hot cross buns at Easter?". Country Life.
^ The Origin of the Fasts and Festivals of the Church. London: Thomas Hatton. 1843. p. 28.
^ "The City of St Albans Claims the Original Hot Cross Bun". St Albans Cathedral. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ David, Elizabeth (1980). "Yeast Buns and Small Tea Cakes". English Bread and Yeast Cookery. New York: The Viking Press. pp. 473–474. ISBN 0670296538.
^ Charles Hindley (2011). "A History of the Cries of London: Ancient and Modern". p. 218. Cambridge University Press,
^ Encyclopedia of Easter Celebrations Worldwide. McFarland. 2021. p. 130.
^ Brewer's Concise Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Cassell Publishers, 1992, p. 151
^ ^a ^b "Hot Cross Buns". Practically Edible: The Web's Biggest Food Encyclopedia. Practically Edible. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
^ Roxburgh, Lucy (13 February 2024). "Best hot cross buns, simnel cake and Easter desserts 2024". BBC Good Food. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
^ Hrovat, Bianca (16 February 2024). "We taste-tested novelty hot cross buns so you don't have to (and Pizza Shapes weren't even the worst)". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^ Anne-Parkes, Tiffany (27 April 2022). "Perspective | Making Jamaican spiced bun for my mother was a final act of love". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ Hutchinson, Brittny (1 April 2021). "Supermarkets report mixed Easter bun sales". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ De Shong, Dillon (10 April 2020). "Caribbean Easter meals to keep families together during covid-19". caribbean.loopnews. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ "Easter in Czech Republic". Iloveindia. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
^ Berry, Mary (1996). Mary Berry's Complete Cookbook (First edition (2nd reprint) ed.). Godalming, Surrey: Dorling Kindersley. p. 386. ISBN 1858335671.
^ Smith, Delia (1986). Delia Smith's Cookery Course (First edition (8th reprint) ed.). London: British Broadcasting Corporation. p. 62. ISBN 0563162619.
^ "The Great British Bake-off: Paul Holywood's Hot Cross Bun", Easy Cook (magazine), no. 60, p. 38, April 2013.

[Alexander2017-1] Alexander, Deepa (10 April 2017). "Season's eatings". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2021.

[2] "Caribbean Easter meals to keep families together during covid-19 | Loop Caribbean News". Loop News. Retrieved 3 April 2023.

[3] "Hot Cross Buns, A Caribbean Easter Tradition". Global Voices. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2023.

[news.bbc.co.uk-4] Rohrer, Finlo (1 April 2010). "BBC - How did hot cross buns become two a penny?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2014.

[5] "Always a good time for hot cross buns | Coles". Coles. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.

[TurnerTaylor1999-6] Turner, Ina; Taylor, Ina (1999). Christianity. Nelson Thornes. p. 50. ISBN 9780748740871. To mark the end of the Lent fast Christians eat hot cross buns. These have a special meaning. The cross in the middle shows how Jesus died. Spices inside remind Christians of the spices put on the body of Jesus. Sweet fruits in the bun show that Christians no longer have to eat plain foods.

[Fakes1994-7] Fakes, Dennis R. (1 January 1994). Exploring Our Lutheran Liturgy. CSS Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 9781556735967. Since people often gave up meat during Lent, bread became one of the staples of Lent. Bakers even began making dough pretzels--a knotted length of dough that represented a Christian praying, with arms crossed and hands placed on opposite shoulders. Hot cross buns are popular during Lent. The cross of course reminds the eater of Christ's cross.

[8] "Who Were The First To Cry "Hot Cross Buns?"". The New York Times. 31 March 1912. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2010.

[9] Elwes, Annunciata (13 April 2019). "Curious Questions: Why do we eat hot cross buns at Easter?". Country Life.

[Hatton-10] The Origin of the Fasts and Festivals of the Church. London: Thomas Hatton. 1843. p. 28.

[11] "The City of St Albans Claims the Original Hot Cross Bun". St Albans Cathedral. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[12] David, Elizabeth (1980). "Yeast Buns and Small Tea Cakes". English Bread and Yeast Cookery. New York: The Viking Press. pp. 473–474. ISBN 0670296538.

[13] Charles Hindley (2011). "A History of the Cries of London: Ancient and Modern". p. 218. Cambridge University Press,

[14] Encyclopedia of Easter Celebrations Worldwide. McFarland. 2021. p. 130.

[15] Brewer's Concise Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Cassell Publishers, 1992, p. 151

[practically-16] "Hot Cross Buns". Practically Edible: The Web's Biggest Food Encyclopedia. Practically Edible. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2009.

[17] Roxburgh, Lucy (13 February 2024). "Best hot cross buns, simnel cake and Easter desserts 2024". BBC Good Food. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

[18] Hrovat, Bianca (16 February 2024). "We taste-tested novelty hot cross buns so you don't have to (and Pizza Shapes weren't even the worst)". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.

[19] Anne-Parkes, Tiffany (27 April 2022). "Perspective | Making Jamaican spiced bun for my mother was a final act of love". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2023.

[20] Hutchinson, Brittny (1 April 2021). "Supermarkets report mixed Easter bun sales". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2023.

[21] De Shong, Dillon (10 April 2020). "Caribbean Easter meals to keep families together during covid-19". caribbean.loopnews. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2023.

[22] "Easter in Czech Republic". Iloveindia. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2007.

[23] Berry, Mary (1996). Mary Berry's Complete Cookbook (First edition (2nd reprint) ed.). Godalming, Surrey: Dorling Kindersley. p. 386. ISBN 1858335671.

[24] Smith, Delia (1986). Delia Smith's Cookery Course (First edition (8th reprint) ed.). London: British Broadcasting Corporation. p. 62. ISBN 0563162619.

[25] "The Great British Bake-off: Paul Holywood's Hot Cross Bun", Easy Cook (magazine), no. 60, p. 38, April 2013.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Baked good for Easter season}}
-{{about|the food|the nursery rhyme|Hot Cross Buns}}
+{{Other uses|Hot Cross Buns (disambiguation)}}
 {{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
-{{Infobox prepared food
+{{Infobox food
 | name             = Hot cross bun
 | image            = File:Hot cross buns - fig and pecan.jpg
 | image_size       = 300
 | caption          = Homemade hot cross buns
 | alternate_name   =
-| country          = United Kingdom
+| country          = [[United Kingdom]]
-| region           =
+| region           = [[England]]
 | creator          =
 | course           =
 | type             = [[Spiced bun]]
 | served           =
-| main_ingredient  = [[Zante currant|currants]] or [[raisin]]s
+| main_ingredient  = [[Wheat flour]], [[Zante currant|currants]] or [[raisin]]s with [[spice]]s
 | variations       =
 | calories         =
 | other            =
 }}
-A '''hot cross bun''' is a [[spiced bun|spiced sweet bun]] made with [[Zante currant|currants]] or [[raisin]]s, marked with a cross on the top, and traditionally eaten on [[Good Friday]] in the British Isles, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and some parts of the Americas. The cake marks the end of [[Lent]] and different parts of the hot cross bun have a certain meaning, including the [[Christian cross|cross]] representing the [[crucifixion of Jesus]], and the spices inside signifying the spices used to embalm him at his burial.<ref name="TurnerTaylor1999">{{cite book|last1=Turner|first1=Ina|last2=Taylor|first2=Ina|title=Christianity|year=1999|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=9780748740871|page=50|quote=To mark the end of the Lent fast Christians eat hot cross buns. These have a special meaning. The cross in the middle shows how Jesus died. Spices inside remind Christians of the spices put on the body of Jesus. Sweet fruits in the bun show that Christians no longer have to eat plain foods.}}</ref><ref name="Fakes1994">{{cite book|last=Fakes|first=Dennis R.|title=Exploring Our Lutheran Liturgy|date=1 January 1994|publisher=CSS Publishing|isbn=9781556735967|page=33|quote=Since people often gave up meat during Lent, bread became one of the staples of Lent. Bakers even began making dough pretzels--a knotted length of dough that referente a a tutto  a Christian praying, with arms crossed and hands placed on opposite shoulders. Hot cross buns are popular during Lent. The cross of course reminds the eater of Christ's cross.}}</ref> They are now available all year round in some places.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite web|last=Rohrer |first=Finlo |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8598312.stm |title=BBC - How did hot cross buns become two a penny? |publisher=BBC News |date=1 April 2010 |accessdate=26 April 2014}}</ref> Hot cross buns may go on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand as early as [[New Year's Day]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=au.tv.yahoo.com |url=http://au.tv.yahoo.com/sunrise/soapbox/article/-/12491864/hot-cross-buns-on-sale-already-is-this-wrong/ |title=Hot Cross Buns on sale already |date=4 January 2012 |accessdate=28 December 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016032108/https://au.tv.yahoo.com/sunrise/soapbox/article/-/12491864/hot-cross-buns-on-sale-already-is-this-wrong/ |archivedate=16 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> or after [[Christmas]].<ref name=chron-xmas>{{cite news |author=Dodd, Kate |url=http://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/were-only-just-getting-over-christmas-and-new-year/2130077/ |title=Easter's come early: hot cross buns already on shelves |work=The Toowoomba Chronicle |date=3 January 2014 |accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref>
+A '''hot cross bun''' is a [[spiced bun]], usually containing small pieces of raisins and marked with a [[Christian cross|cross]] on the top, which has been traditionally eaten on [[Good Friday]] in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Ireland]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]], [[Canada]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Malta]], [[United States]] and the [[Commonwealth Caribbean]].<ref name="Alexander2017">{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Deepa |title=Season's eatings |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/hot-cross-buns-fresh-off-the-oven-in-chennai/article17907662.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=13 March 2021 |language=English |date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117203350/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/hot-cross-buns-fresh-off-the-oven-in-chennai/article17907662.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Easter meals to keep families together during covid-19 {{!}} Loop Caribbean News |url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/caribbean-easter-meals-keep-families-together-during-covid-19 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=Loop News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-25 |title=Hot Cross Buns, A Caribbean Easter Tradition |url=https://globalvoices.org/2016/03/25/hot-cross-buns-a-caribbean-easter-tradition/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=Global Voices |language=en}}</ref> They are available all year round in some countries, including the UK.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Finlo |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8598312.stm |title=BBC - How did hot cross buns become two a penny? |publisher=BBC News |date=1 April 2010 |access-date=26 April 2014 |archive-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613213448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8598312.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Always a good time for hot cross buns {{!}} Coles |url=https://www.coles.com.au/whats-happening/inspire-and-create/always-a-good-time-for-hot-cross-buns |website=Coles |access-date=27 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226094914/https://www.coles.com.au/whats-happening/inspire-and-create/always-a-good-time-for-hot-cross-buns |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The bun marks the end of the season of [[Lent]] and different elements of the hot cross bun each have a specific meaning, such as the cross representing the [[crucifixion of Jesus]], the [[spice]]s inside signifying the spices used to [[embalming|embalm]] him  and sometimes also [[orange peel]] reflecting the bitterness of his time on the cross.<ref name="TurnerTaylor1999">{{cite book|last1=Turner|first1=Ina|last2=Taylor|first2=Ina|title=Christianity|year=1999|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=9780748740871|page=50|quote=To mark the end of the Lent fast Christians eat hot cross buns. These have a special meaning. The cross in the middle shows how Jesus died. Spices inside remind Christians of the spices put on the body of Jesus. Sweet fruits in the bun show that Christians no longer have to eat plain foods.}}</ref><ref name="Fakes1994">{{cite book|last=Fakes|first=Dennis R.|title=Exploring Our Lutheran Liturgy|date=1 January 1994|publisher=CSS Publishing|isbn=9781556735967|page=33|quote=Since people often gave up meat during Lent, bread became one of the staples of Lent. Bakers even began making dough pretzels--a knotted length of dough that represented  a Christian praying, with arms crossed and hands placed on opposite shoulders.  Hot cross buns are popular during Lent.  The cross of course reminds the eater of Christ's cross.}}</ref>
 ==History==
+The [[Greeks]] in the 6th century AD may have marked cakes with a cross.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9806E3D7133AE633A25752C3A9659C946396D6CF |work=The New York Times |title=Who Were The First To Cry "Hot Cross Buns?" |date=31 March 1912 |access-date=4 May 2010 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082159/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9806E3D7133AE633A25752C3A9659C946396D6CF |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.countrylife.co.uk/food-drink/the-history-of-the-hot-cross-bun-1496|title=Curious Questions: Why do we eat hot cross buns at Easter?|first=Annunciata|last=Elwes|date=13 April 2019|website=Country Life}}</ref>
-In many historically Christian countries, plain buns made without dairy products (forbidden in [[Lent]] until [[Palm Sunday]]) are traditionally eaten hot or toasted during Lent, beginning with the evening of [[Shrove Tuesday]] (the evening before [[Ash Wednesday]]) to midday Good Friday.
+In the [[Christianity|Christian]] tradition, the making of buns with a cross on them and consuming them after [[Lenten supper|breaking the fast]] on Good Friday, along with "crying about 'Hot cross buns{{'"}}, is done in order to commemorate the [[crucifixion of Jesus]].<ref name="Hatton">{{cite book |title=The Origin of the Fasts and Festivals of the Church |date=1843 |publisher=Thomas Hatton |location=London |page=28 |language=en}}</ref> It is hypothesised that the contemporary hot cross bun of Christianity derives at some distance from a bun developed in [[St Albans]] in [[England]]. There in 1361, Brother Thomas Rodcliffe, a Christian [[monk]] at [[St Albans Abbey]], developed a similar recipe called an "Alban Bun" and distributed the bun to the poor on [[Good Friday]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stalbanscathedral.org/news/archive/2014/the-city-of-st-albans-claims-the-original-hot-cross-bun |work=St Albans Cathedral |title=The City of St Albans Claims the Original Hot Cross Bun |access-date=7 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316214718/https://www.stalbanscathedral.org/news/archive/2014/the-city-of-st-albans-claims-the-original-hot-cross-bun |archive-date=16 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-The [[ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] may have marked cakes with a cross.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9806E3D7133AE633A25752C3A9659C946396D6CF | work=The New York Times |title=Who Were The First To Cry "Hot Cross Buns?" |date=31 March 1912 |accessdate=4 May 2010}}</ref>
+In 1592, during the reign of [[Elizabeth I of England]], the London Clerk of Markets issued a decree forbidding the sale of spiced buns and other spiced breads, except at burials, on Good Friday, or at Christmas. The punishment for transgressing the decree was forfeiture of all the forbidden product to the poor. As a result, hot cross buns at the time were primarily made in domestic kitchens. Further attempts to suppress the sale of these items outside of these holy days took place during the reign of [[James I of England]] (1603–1625).<ref>{{cite book | last1 = David | first1 = Elizabeth | author-link1 = Elizabeth David | title = English Bread and Yeast Cookery | chapter = Yeast Buns and Small Tea Cakes | publisher = The Viking Press | year = 1980 | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/englishbreadyeas00davi/page/473 473–474] | isbn = 0670296538 | chapter-url-access = registration | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/englishbreadyeas00davi | url = https://archive.org/details/englishbreadyeas00davi/page/473 }}</ref>
-One theory is that the Hot Cross Bun originates from [[St Albans]], where Brother Thomas Rocliffe, a 14th Century monk at [[St Albans Abbey]], developed a similar recipe called an 'Alban Bun' and distributed the bun to the local poor on Good Friday, starting in 1361.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stalbanscathedral.org/news/archive/2014/the-city-of-st-albans-claims-the-original-hot-cross-bun | work=St Albans Cathedral | title=The City of St Albans Claims the Original Hot Cross Bun}}</ref>
-In the time of [[Elizabeth I of England]] (1592), the London Clerk of Markets issued a decree forbidding the sale of hot cross buns and other spiced breads, except at burials, on Good Friday, or at Christmas. The punishment for transgressing the decree was forfeiture of all the forbidden product to the poor. As a result of this decree, hot cross buns at the time were primarily made in home kitchens. Further attempts to suppress the sale of these items took place during the reign of [[James I of England]]/[[James VI of Scotland]] (1603–1625).<ref>{{cite book | last1 = David | first1 = Elizabeth | authorlink1 = Elizabeth David | title = English Bread and Yeast Cookery | chapter = Yeast Buns and Small Tea Cakes | publisher = The Viking Press | year = 1980 | location = New York | pages = 473–474 | isbn = 0670296538}}</ref> The first definite record of hot cross buns comes from a London street cry: "Good Friday comes this month, the old woman runs. With one or two a penny hot cross buns", which appeared in ''[[Poor Robin's Almanack]]'' for 1733.<ref>Charles Hindley (2011). "A History of the Cries of London: Ancient and Modern". p. 218. Cambridge University Press,</ref> Food historian Ivan Day states, "The buns were made in London during the 18th century. But when you start looking for records or recipes earlier than that, you hit nothing."<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/>
+The first definite record of hot cross buns comes from a London street cry: "Good Friday comes this month, the old woman runs. With one or two a penny hot cross buns", which appeared in ''[[Poor Robin|Poor Robin's Almanac]]'' for 1733.<ref>Charles Hindley (2011). "A History of the Cries of London: Ancient and Modern". p. 218. Cambridge University Press,</ref> The line "One a penny, two a penny, hot cross-buns" appears in the English nursery rhyme "[[Hot Cross Buns (song)|Hot Cross Buns]]" published in the ''[[London Chronicle]]'' for 2–4 June 1767.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Easter Celebrations Worldwide |date=2021 |publisher=McFarland |page=130}}</ref> Food historian Ivan Day states, "The buns were made in London during the 18th century. But when you start looking for records or recipes earlier than that, you hit nothing."<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/>
 ==Traditions==
 [[File:Hot Cross Buns Ad for Good Friday 1884.jpg|thumb|An 1884 advertisement announcing the sale of hot cross buns for Good Friday in a Hawaiian newspaper.]]
-English folklore includes many superstitions surrounding hot cross buns. One of them says that buns baked and served on [[Good Friday]] will not spoil or grow mouldy during the subsequent year. Another encourages keeping such a bun for medicinal purposes. A piece of it given to someone ill is said to help them recover.<ref name='practically'>{{cite web |url=http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/hotcrossbuns |title=Hot Cross Buns |accessdate=9 March 2009 |work=Practically Edible: The Web's Biggest Food Encyclopedia |publisher=Practically Edible |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403185509/http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/hotcrossbuns |archivedate=3 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> If taken on a sea voyage, hot cross buns are said to protect against shipwreck. If hung in the kitchen, they are said to protect against fires and ensure that all breads turn out perfectly. The hanging bun is replaced each year.<ref name="practically"/>
+[[English folklore]] includes many [[superstitions]] surrounding hot cross buns. One is that if the bun was made from dough kneaded for the [[Sacramental bread|host]]
+and baked and served on Good Friday, it would not spoil or grow mouldy during the subsequent year. Much the same was claimed  for sacrificial bread in Classical times before Christianity.<ref>''Brewer's Concise Dictionary of Phrase and Fable'', Cassell Publishers, 1992, p. 151</ref> Another belief encourages keeping such a bun for medicinal purposes. A piece of it given to someone who is ill is said to help them recover.<ref name='practically'>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/hotcrossbuns |title=Hot Cross Buns |access-date=9 March 2009 |encyclopedia=Practically Edible: The Web's Biggest Food Encyclopedia |publisher=Practically Edible |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403185509/http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/hotcrossbuns |archive-date=3 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
+If taken on a sea voyage, hot cross buns are said to protect against [[shipwreck]]. If hung in the kitchen, they are said to protect against fire and ensure that all breads turn out perfectly. The hanging bun is replaced each year.<ref name="practically"/>
 ==Other versions==
-In the United Kingdom, the major supermarkets produce variations on the traditional recipe such as [[toffee]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]]-[[cranberry]], and [[apple]]-[[cinnamon]].<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/>
+In the United Kingdom, the major supermarkets produce variations on the traditional recipe such as [[toffee]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]]-[[cranberry]], salted [[caramel]] and [[chocolate]], and [[apple]]-[[cinnamon]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Best hot cross buns, simnel cake and Easter desserts 2024 |url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/content/our-top-hot-cross-bun-picks |access-date=1 July 2019 |work=[[BBC Good Food]] |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330061030/https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/review/our-top-hot-cross-bun-picks |first=Lucy |last=Roxburgh |date=13 February 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In Australia, recent variations of the Hot Cross Bun by major supermarkets have included [[chocolate chip]], sour [[cherry]], burger sauce, [[Iced VoVo]], [[Arnott's Shapes|Pizza Shapes]], [[Vegemite]] and cheese, [[jalapeño]] and [[cheese]], and others.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/goodfood/tips-and-advice/we-taste-tested-novelty-hot-cross-buns-so-you-don-t-have-to-and-pizza-shapes-weren-t-even-the-worst-20240215-p5f55m.html | title=We taste-tested novelty hot cross buns so you don’t have to (and Pizza Shapes weren’t even the worst) |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |first=Bianca |last=Hrovat |date=16 February 2024 | access-date=30 March 2024 | archive-date=30 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330052156/https://www.smh.com.au/goodfood/tips-and-advice/we-taste-tested-novelty-hot-cross-buns-so-you-don-t-have-to-and-pizza-shapes-weren-t-even-the-worst-20240215-p5f55m.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
-On the UK territory of [[Bermuda]], hot-cross buns are typically eaten with, or alongside fishcakes during the Easter weekend - which are fried patties of salted cod and potato, mashed together with curry spices.
+In [[Jamaica]] and some Commonwealth Caribbean islands, the hot cross bun has over time evolved into a ''spiced [[Easter]] bun'' with the addition of molasses, spices and a loaf shape.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Perspective {{!}} Making Jamaican spiced bun for my mother was a final act of love |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2022/04/27/jamaican-spiced-buns-recipe/ |archive-date=30 March 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330060044/https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2022/04/27/jamaican-spiced-buns-recipe/ |first=Tiffany |last=Anne-Parkes |date=27 April 2022  |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-04-03 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-01 |title=Supermarkets report mixed Easter bun sales |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/supermarkets-report-mixed-easter-bun-sales/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330061532/https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2021/04/01/supermarkets-report-mixed-easter-bun-sales/ |archive-date=30 March 2024 |url-status=live |first=Brittny |last=Hutchinson |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=[[Jamaica Observer]] |language=en-US}}</ref> This bun is eaten with cheese in islands such as Jamaica and [[Guyana]] and served with beverages such as [[mauby]] or [[ginger beer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Easter meals to keep families together during covid-19 |url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/caribbean-easter-meals-keep-families-together-during-covid-19 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=caribbean.loopnews |first=Dillon |last=De Shong |date=10 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20240330060319/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/caribbean-easter-meals-keep-families-together-during-covid-19 }}</ref>
-In Australia and New Zealand, a [[chocolate]] version of the bun has become popular; [[coffee]]-flavoured buns are also sold in some Australian bakeries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jeanniebayb.livejournal.com/90073.html |title=Easter Baking: Hot Cross Buns |date=24 March 2008 |publisher=jeanniebayb.livejournal.com |accessdate=26 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405042353/http://jeanniebayb.livejournal.com/90073.html |archivedate=5 April 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> They generally contain the same mixture of spices, but chocolate chips are used instead of currants. There are also sticky date and caramel versions, as well as mini versions of the chocolate and traditional bun.<ref Name=woolies-versions>{{cite web| title=Yummy Hot Cross Buns |url=http://www2.woolworthsonline.com.au/Shop/Seasonal/Easter-Hot-Cross-Buns |accessdate=30 April 2014| publisher=Woolworths (Australia)}}</ref>
+In [[Slovakia]] and in the [[Czech Republic]], ''mazanec'' is a similar cake or sweet bread eaten at Easter. It often has a cross marked on top.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://festivals.iloveindia.com/easter/traditions/easter-in-czech-republic.html |title=Easter in Czech Republic |access-date=7 December 2007 |publisher=Iloveindia |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115554/http://festivals.iloveindia.com/easter/traditions/easter-in-czech-republic.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The [[not cross bun]] is a variation on the hot cross bun. It uses the same ingredients but instead of having a "cross" on top, it has a smiley face in reference to it being "not cross" in the sense of not angry. The not cross bun was first sold commercially in 2014 by an Australian bakery, Ferguson Plarre Bakehouses, in response to supermarkets selling hot cross buns as early as [[Boxing Day]] (26 December).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfood.com.au/good-food/food-news/baker-launches-war-on-supermarkets-early-hot-cross-bun-sales-20151203-gle47f.html|title=Baker launches war on supermarkets' early hot cross bun sales|work=Good Food|accessdate=15 March 2016}}</ref>
-In the Czech Republic, ''mazanec'' is a similar cake or sweet bread eaten at [[Easter]]. It often has a cross marked on top.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://festivals.iloveindia.com/easter/traditions/easter-in-czech-republic.html |title=Easter in Czech Republic |accessdate=7 December 2007 |publisher=iloveindia.com}}</ref>
-In the Bremen area in northern Germany, a "Hedwig" (lower Saxon: ''heet week'') was an ancient Shrove Tuesday meal. On Shrove Tuesday, the top of a Hedwig was cut off and the Hedwig was filled with a tablespoon of hot butter and cinnamon-powder. The top was put back again and the Hedwig was served in a soup plate filled with hot milk or cream. Lastly, a tablespoon of cinnamon-sugar was mulled over the Hedwig, then eaten with a tablespoon. Today, a Hedwig is the sweet part of a Sunday breakfast in northern Germany.
-In [[Frisia]], the northern part of the Netherlands, there are "Hite wigge". They are very close to the original hot cross bun and Bremen's ''Hedwig''.
-The Netherlands also has "krentenbollen", which are similar but do not have the cross on top.
 ==The cross==
-[[File:Hot Cross Buns detail, March 2008.jpg|thumb|Hot cross buns with the cross made with cuts]]
+[[File:Hot cross buns for Easter, April 2006.jpg|thumb|Hot cross bun, with a piped cross made from flour paste, cut in two and toasted]]
-The traditional method for making the cross on top of the bun is to use [[shortcrust pastry]];<ref>{{cite book
+The traditional method for making the cross on top of the bun is to use [[shortcrust pastry]],<ref>{{cite book
- | last = Berry | first = Mary | authorlink = Mary Berry (food writer) | title = Mary Berry's Complete Cookbook | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | edition = First edition (2nd reprint) | year = 1996 | location = Godalming, Surrey | page = 386 | language = | isbn = 1858335671 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
+ | last = Berry | first = Mary | author-link = Mary Berry (food writer) | title = Mary Berry's Complete Cookbook | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | edition = First edition (2nd reprint) | year = 1996 | location = Godalming, Surrey | page = 386 | isbn = 1858335671 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
- | last = Smith | first = Delia | authorlink = Delia Smith | title = Delia Smith's Cookery Course | publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation | edition = First edition (8th reprint) | year = 1986 | location = London | page = 62 | language = | isbn = 0563162619 }}</ref> however, more recently recipes have recommended a paste consisting of flour and water.<ref>{{Citation | title = The Great British Bake-off: Paul Holywood's Hot Cross Bun | newspaper = Easy Cook (magazine) | page = 38  | date = April 2013 | issue = 60}}</ref>
+ | last = Smith | first = Delia | author-link = Delia Smith | title = Delia Smith's Cookery Course | publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation | edition = First edition (8th reprint) | year = 1986 | location = London | page = 62 | isbn = 0563162619 }}</ref> though some 21st century recipes recommended a paste of flour and water.<ref>{{Citation | title = The Great British Bake-off: Paul Holywood's Hot Cross Bun | newspaper = Easy Cook (magazine) | page = 38  | date = April 2013 | issue = 60}}.</ref>
 ==See also==
+{{div-col}}
-{{wikibooks|Cookbook:Hot Cross Bun}}
+* [[Pesaha Appam]]
-{{Commons category|Hot cross buns}}
 * [[Bath bun]]
 * [[Fruit bun]]
@@ Line 66: / Line 65: @@
 * [[List of buns]]
 * [[List of foods with religious symbolism]]
+* [[Semla]]
-{{-}}
+{{div-col-end}}
 ==References==
 {{reflist|30em}}
 {{Baked goods with religious iconography}}
 {{British bread}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Hot Cross Bun}}
+[[Category:Australian breads]]
+[[Category:British breads]]
+[[Category:Buns]]
+[[Category:Canadian cuisine]]
+[[Category:Catholic cuisine]]
+[[Category:Easter bread]]
+[[Category:English cuisine]]
+[[Category:English traditions]]
+[[Category:New Zealand breads]]
 [[Category:Sweet breads]]
 [[Category:Yeast breads]]
-[[Category:British breads]]
-[[Category:Easter food]]
-[[Category:English traditions]]
-[[Category:English cuisine]]
-[[Category:Buns]]
-[[Category:Christmas food]]

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