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In the 11th and 12th centuries the Countship of Penthièvre (Breton: Penteur) in Brittany (now in the department of Côtes-d'Armor) belonged to a branch of the sovereign House of Brittany. It initially belonged to the House of Rennes. Alan III, Duke of Brittany, gave it to his brother Eudes in 1035, and his descendants formed a cadet branch of the ducal house.

The geographical region of Brittany that constituted the holdings of Penthièvre correlate closely with the territories that constituted the early Breton kingdom of Domnonée.

The history of the title Count of Penthièvre included frequent dispossessions and restorations. Henri d'Avaugour, heir of this family, was dispossessed of the countship in 1235. The Duke of Brittany, Pierre Mauclerc, founder of the Breton House of Dreux, gave it as dowry to his daughter, Yolande, on her marriage in 1238 to Hugh XI of Lusignan, Count of La Marche. John I, Duke of Brittany, Yolande's brother, seized the countship on her death in 1272.^[1] After the Breton War of Succession the title was dispossessed twice by the reigning Dukes of Brittany, once by John V and another time by Francis II.

Disputed heirs to the Ducal Crown of Brittany

In 1337 Joan the Lame, Duchess of Brittany, brought Penthièvre to her husband, Charles de Châtillon, Count of Blois.^[1] Joan was the daughter of Guy de Penthièvre, the younger full brother of John III.

When John III died a dispute emerged regarding the inheritance of the Duchy of Brittany. John III had tried to prevent the inheritance of the duchy by his half brother John of Montfort. Joan and Charles claimed the ducal crown and were subsequently proclaimed the Duchess and Duke of Brittany, which John of Montfort also claimed. Their dispute prompted the War of the Breton Succession. In 1352, during that war, the Estates of Brittany were established. In 1364, Charles died and John IV, Duke of Brittany, John of Montfort's son, was confirmed as duke. Joan was permitted to keep Penthièvre and use the title Duchess of Brittany until her death.

Under the Treaty of Guerande (1365), Joan recognized John IV as the undisputed duke. When John went into exile in England in 1373, Charles V of France named his brother Louis, Duke of Anjou lieutenant-general of Brittany. Louis was also a son-in-law of Joan de Penthièvre. Under the Second Treaty of Guerande (1381), it was agreed that, in the event the House of Montfort failed to produce a male heir, the senior male heir of Joan would be recognized as duke.

Joan died in 1384 and left Penthièvre to her oldest son, John (1340–1404). In turn, John left the county to his son, Olivier, Count of Penthièvre (1389–1433), who forfeited the title in 1421 after kidnapping and attempting to blackmail John V, Duke of Brittany.

Olivier's brother John II (1393–1454) recovered the county but died childless, passing his titles on to Nicole (1424–1480), daughter of his brother Charles, Lord of Avaugour (1396–1434).

In 1437, Nicole married Jean II de Brosse. She was deprived of Penthièvre by Francis II, Duke of Brittany in 1465, thus undermining the Penthièvre family's position in the duchy. When Francis died in 1488, Nicole's eldest son Jean III de Brosse (d. 1502) asserted his family's claim to the duchy against those of Anne, Duchess of Brittany, who ultimately ascended to the title.

As Dukes of Penthièvre

The countship of Penthièvre was restored to Sébastien de Luxembourg, heir of the Brosse family through his mother, Charlotte de Brosse (1506-1540), great-granddaughter of Nicole de Blois through her son Jean (d. 1502) and grandson Rene (1470-1524). The countship was erected for him into a duchy in the peerage of France in 1569.^[1] Afterwards it was held by Sebastian's daughter, Marie de Luxembourg, (1562-1623), who also became Duchess of Mercœur by marriage.

Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, brother-in-law of Henry III of France (last living male-line grandson of Claude, Duchess of Brittany), and a leader of the Catholic League, was made governor of Brittany by the king in 1582. Invoking the hereditary rights of his wife, Marie de Luxembourg, he endeavoured to make himself independent in that province from 1589 onwards, and organized a government at Nantes, proclaiming their young son, Philippe de Lorraine-Mercœur, (d. 1590), "prince and duke of Brittany". He allied with Spain and defeated Henry IV of France's attempts to subjugate Brittany until 20 March 1598 when Mercœur was forced to surrender and subsequently went in exile to Hungary. Philippe died young, leaving his sister, Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur the duchy of Penthièvre.

Later dukes from various houses

The Duchess of Vendôme's grandson, Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme, inherited Penthièvre in 1669, but it was taken from him by decree in 1687 and adjudged to Marie Anne de Bourbon, Princess de Conti. In 1696, it was sold to Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Count de Toulouse, whose son, Louis de Bourbon, bore the title Duke de Penthièvre. This title passed by inheritance to the House of Orléans.^[1]

Counts of Penthièvre

House de Rennes

Eudes (1035–1079), son of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Geoffrey I (1079–1093), son of Eudes
Stephen I (1093–1125), son of Eudes, brother of Geoffrey I
Geoffrey II (1125–1148), son of Stephen I
Rivallo (1148–1162), son of Geoffrey II
Stephen II (1162–1164), son of Rivallo
Geoffrey III (1164–1177), son of Geoffrey II, brother of Stephen II
Alan I (1177–1212), cousin of Geoffrey III, grandson of Stephen I through his son Henry, called Henry I
Henry II of Avagour (1212–1230), son of Alan I, was dispossessed of Penthièvre by Peter I, Duke of Brittany, who gave it to his daughter Yolande on her marriage to Hugh XI of Lusignan

Lords of Avaugour

Alan II (1230–1267), son of Henry II
Henry III (1267–1301), son of Alan II
Henry IV (1301–1334), son of Henry III
Joan (1334–1384), granddaughter of Henry IV

Capetian House of Dreux

Peter Mauclerc (1230–1237), son of Robert II of Dreux
Yolande (1237-1272), daughter of Peter
John I (1272–1286), son of Peter
John II (1286–1305), son of John I
Arthur II (1305–1312), son of John II
Guy (1312–1331), son of Arthur II
Joan (1331–1384), Countess of Penthièvre suo jure; daughter of Guy, granddaughter of Henry IV of Avagour, married Charles de Blois-Châtillon, lost Breton War of Succession, but retained the county with all rights under the Treaty of Guerande of 1365

House of Blois-Châtillon

John I (1384–1404), son of Joan; his widow would join in attempting the abduction and imprisonment of the duke of Brittany, only to be imprisoned herself by the duchess.
Olivier (1404–1433), son of John - lost the countship and the rights of Penthièvre to the duke of Brittany after attempting his imprisonment and presumed overthrow in 1420.
John II (1433–1454), second son of John - some aspects of Penthièvre were restored.
Nicole (1454–1479), granddaughter of John through his third son, Charles. She married Jean II de Brosse

House of Brosse

John (1454–1482), husband of Nicole, Count of Penthièvre jure uxoris
John III (1482–1502), son of John V and Nicole
René (1502–1524), son of John VI
John IV (1524–1566), son of René

Dukes of Penthièvre

House of Luxembourg

Sebastian (1566–1569), nephew of John IV. Sebastian was son of Charlotte de Brosse, daughter of René.
Marie (1569–1623), daughter of Sebastian, married Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine.

House of Lorraine

Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine (1576–1602)
Françoise de Lorraine (1602–1669), married César de Bourbon

House of Bourbon-Vendôme

César de Bourbon (1608–1665), legitimised son of Henry IV of France
Louis II de Bourbon-Vendôme (1665–1669), son of César de Vendôme
Louis III Joseph de Vendôme (1669–1712), son of Louis II de Bourbon-Vendôme
- Sold to Marie Anne, légitimée de Bourbon in 1696.

House of Bourbon-Penthièvre

Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (1697–1737), Count of Toulouse, Duke of Rambouillet, legitimised son of Louis XIV of France
Louis de Bourbon (1737–1793), son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse

House of Orléans

Second Restoration

Charles d'Orléans (1820–1828), son of Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (the future King of the French)

July Monarchy

Pierre d'Orléans (1845–1919), son of François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Penthièvre, Counts of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 124.

[EB1911-1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Penthièvre, Counts of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 124.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{More references needed|date=June 2022}}
-In the 11th and 12th centuries the '''countship of Penthièvre''' (''[[Breton language|Breton]]: Penteur'') in [[Brittany]] (now in the department of [[Côtes-d'Armor]]) belonged to a branch of the sovereign [[Duke of Brittany|House of Brittany]]. It initially belonged to the family of Rennes; [[Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany]], gave it to his brother [[Eudes, Count of Penthièvre|Eudes]] in 1035, and his descendants formed a [[cadet branch]] of the ducal house. Henri d'Avaugour, heir of this family, was dispossessed of the countship in 1235. The [[Duke of Brittany]], [[Peter I, Duke of Brittany|Pierre Mauclerc]], founder of the Breton House of Dreux, gave it as dowry to his daughter, Yolande, on her marriage in 1238 to [[Hugh XI of Lusignan]], [[Count of La Marche]]. [[John I, Duke of Brittany]], Yolande's brother, seized the countship on her death in 1272.
+[[File:Bannière Maison Penthièvre.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|Heraldic [[banner of arms]]]]
+In the 11th and 12th centuries the '''Countship of Penthièvre''' (''[[Breton language|Breton]]: Penteur'') in [[Brittany]] (now in the department of [[Côtes-d'Armor]]) belonged to a branch of the sovereign [[Duke of Brittany|House of Brittany]]. It initially belonged to the [[Count of Rennes|House of Rennes]]. [[Alan III, Duke of Brittany]], gave it to his brother [[Eudes, Count of Penthièvre|Eudes]] in 1035, and his descendants formed a [[cadet branch]] of the ducal house.
+The geographical region of Brittany that constituted the holdings of Penthièvre correlate closely with the territories that constituted the early Breton kingdom of [[Domnonée]].
-==Heirs of Brittany==
-In 1337 [[Joan, Duchess of Brittany|Joan the Lame, Duchess of Brittany]], brought Penthièvre to her husband, [[Charles de Châtillon-Blois|Charles de Châtillon, Count of Blois]]. They were subsequently proclaimed the Duchess and Duke of Brittany, prompting the [[Breton War of Succession]]. In 1352, during that war, the [[Estates of the realm#Kingdom of France|Estates]] of Brittany were established, eventually developing the region's ''[[parlement]]''. In 1364, Joan and Charles lost the Breton civil war decisively; while they lost the duchy, they were permitted to keep Penthièvre, and Joan was permitted to keep the empty title Duchess of Brittany until her death.
+The history of the title Count of Penthièvre included frequent dispossessions and restorations. Henri d'Avaugour, heir of this family, was dispossessed of the countship in 1235. The [[Duke of Brittany]], [[Peter I, Duke of Brittany|Pierre Mauclerc]], founder of the Breton House of Dreux, gave it as dowry to his daughter, Yolande, on her marriage in 1238 to [[Hugh XI of Lusignan]], [[Count of La Marche]]. [[John I, Duke of Brittany]], Yolande's brother, seized the countship on her death in 1272.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Penthièvre, Counts of |volume=21 |page=124}}</ref> After the [[Breton War of Succession]] the title was dispossessed twice by the reigning Dukes of Brittany, once by [[John V, Duke of Brittany|John V]] and another time by [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany|Francis II]].
-When [[John V, Duke of Brittany]] in 1373 went in exile to England,  [[Charles V of France]] named his brother [[Louis I of Naples|Louis, Duke of Anjou]], as [[lieutenant-general]] of Brittany; Louis was also a son-in-law of Joan de Penthièvre. Joan's eldest son Jean de Blois (1340-1404) left Penthièvre to his son,  Olivier (1389-1433), who would forfeit it to the Duke of Brittany in 1420.
+==Disputed heirs to the [[Duchy of Brittany|Ducal Crown of Brittany]]==
-In 1420, [[John VI, Duke of Brittany|Duke John the Wise]] was kidnapped by the Count of Penthièvre, son of Joan de Penthièvre. John's wife, [[Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany|Joan of France]], besieged the rebels and set free her husband, who confiscated the Penthièvres' goods.
+In 1337 [[Joan, Duchess of Brittany|Joan the Lame, Duchess of Brittany]], brought Penthièvre to her husband, [[Charles de Châtillon-Blois|Charles de Châtillon, Count of Blois]].<ref name="EB1911"/> Joan was the daughter of Guy de Penthièvre, the younger full brother of [[John III, Duke of Brittany|John III]].
+When John III died a dispute emerged regarding the inheritance of the Duchy of Brittany. John III had tried to prevent the inheritance of the duchy by his half brother [[John of Montfort]]. Joan and Charles claimed the ducal crown and were subsequently proclaimed the Duchess and Duke of Brittany, which John of Montfort also claimed. Their dispute prompted the [[War of the Breton Succession]]. In 1352, during that war, the [[Estates of Brittany]] were established. In 1364, Charles died and [[John IV, Duke of Brittany]], [[John of Montfort]]'s son, was confirmed as duke. Joan was permitted to keep Penthièvre and use the title Duchess of Brittany until her death.
-Olivier and his brother Jean de Blois (1393-1454) died childless, passing the recovered countship to Nicole de Blois (1424-1480), daughter of their brother Charles, seigneur of Avaugour (1396-1434).
+Under the Treaty of Guerande (1365), Joan recognized John IV as the undisputed duke. When John went into exile in England in 1373, [[Charles V of France]] named his brother [[Louis I of Naples|Louis, Duke of Anjou]] [[lieutenant-general]] of Brittany. Louis was also a son-in-law of Joan de Penthièvre. Under the Second Treaty of Guerande (1381), it was agreed that, in the event the House of Montfort failed to produce a male heir, the senior male heir of Joan would be recognized as duke.
-In 1437 Nicole married [[Jean II de Brosse]]. She was deprived of Penthièvre by [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany]] in 1465 - thus undermining the Penthièvre family's position in the country. In 1488, at the death of the last Breton duke, Francis II, the head of the Penthièvre family was Jean de Brosse (died 1502), grandson of Nicole de Blois, who asserted his family's claim to the duchy, but Francis' daughter Anne succeeded.
+Joan died in 1384 and left Penthièvre to her oldest son, [[John I, Count of Penthièvre|John]] (1340–1404). In turn, John left the county to his son, [[Olivier, Count of Penthièvre]] (1389–1433), who forfeited the title in 1421 after kidnapping and attempting to blackmail [[John V, Duke of Brittany]].
-The countship of Penthièvre was restored to [[Sebastian of Luxemburg]], heir of the Brosse family through his mother, Charlotte de Brosse (1506-1540), great-granddaughter of Nicole de Blois through her son Jean (d. 1502) and grandson Rene (1470-1524). The countship was erected for him into a duchy in the [[peerage of France]] in 1569. Afterwards it was held by Sebastian's daughter, Marie de Luxembourg, (1562-1623), who also became [[Duke of Mercœur|Duchess of Mercœur]] by marriage.
+Olivier's brother [[John II, Count of Penthièvre|John II]] (1393–1454) recovered the county but died childless, passing his titles on to [[Nicole, Countess of Penthièvre|Nicole]] (1424–1480), daughter of his brother Charles, Lord of Avaugour (1396–1434).
+In 1437, Nicole married [[Jean II de Brosse]]. She was deprived of Penthièvre by [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany]] in 1465, thus undermining the Penthièvre family's position in the duchy. When Francis died in 1488, Nicole's eldest son [[Jean III de Brosse]] (d. 1502) asserted his family's claim to the duchy against those of [[Anne, Duchess of Brittany]], who ultimately ascended to the title.
+==As Dukes of Penthièvre==
+The countship of Penthièvre was restored to [[Sébastien de Luxembourg]], heir of the Brosse family through his mother, Charlotte de Brosse (1506-1540), great-granddaughter of Nicole de Blois through her son Jean (d. 1502) and grandson Rene (1470-1524). The countship was erected for him into a duchy in the [[peerage of France]] in 1569.<ref name="EB1911"/> Afterwards it was held by Sebastian's daughter, Marie de Luxembourg, (1562-1623), who also became [[Duke of Mercœur|Duchess of Mercœur]] by marriage.
 [[Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur]], brother-in-law of [[Henry III of France]] (last living male-line grandson of [[Claude, Duchess of Brittany]]), and a leader of the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]], was made [[governor of Brittany]] by the king in 1582. Invoking the hereditary rights of his wife, Marie de Luxembourg, he endeavoured to make himself independent in that province from 1589 onwards, and organized a government at [[Nantes]], proclaiming their young son, Philippe de Lorraine-Mercœur, (d. 1590), "prince and duke of Brittany". He allied with Spain and defeated [[Henry IV of France]]'s attempts to subjugate Brittany until 20 March 1598 when Mercœur was forced to surrender and subsequently went in exile to Hungary. Philippe died young, leaving his sister, [[Françoise de Lorraine|Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur]] the duchy of Penthièvre.
 ==Later dukes from various houses==
-The Duchess of Vendôme's grandson, [[Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme]], inherited Penthièvre in 1669, but it was taken from him by decree in 1687 and adjudged to [[Anne Marie de Bourbon]], Princess de [[Prince of Conti|Princess de Conti]]. In 1696, it was sold to [[Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de Toulouse|Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Count de Toulouse]], whose son, [[Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre|Louis de Bourbon]], bore the title Duke de Penthièvre. This title passed by inheritance to the House of Orléans.
+The Duchess of Vendôme's grandson, [[Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme]], inherited Penthièvre in 1669, but it was taken from him by decree in 1687 and adjudged to [[Marie Anne de Bourbon|Marie Anne de Bourbon, Princess de Conti]]. In 1696, it was sold to [[Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de Toulouse|Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Count de Toulouse]], whose son, [[Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre|Louis de Bourbon]], bore the title Duke de Penthièvre. This title passed by inheritance to the House of Orléans.<ref name="EB1911"/>
 ==Counts of Penthièvre==
 ===House de Rennes===
 *[[Eudes, Count of Penthièvre|Eudes]] (1035–1079), son of [[Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany]]
@@ Line 33: / Line 43: @@
 ====Lords of Avaugour====
 *Alan II (1230–1267), son of Henry II
-*Henry III (1267–1304), son of Alan II
+*Henry III (1267–1301), son of Alan II
 *Henry IV (1301–1334), son of Henry III
 *[[Joanna of Dreux|Joan]] (1334–1384), granddaughter of Henry IV
@@ Line 44: / Line 54: @@
 *[[Arthur II, Duke of Brittany|Arthur II]] (1305–1312), son of John II
 *Guy (1312–1331), son of Arthur II
-*[[Joanna of Dreux|Joan]] (1331–1384), daughter of Guy, granddaughter of Henry IV of Avagour, married [[Charles, Duke of Brittany|Charles de Blois-Châtillon]], Claimant as [[Duchy of Brittany|Hereditary Duchess of Brittany]], lost [[Breton War of Succession]]; became Titular Duchess of Brittany, and retained title Countess of Penthièvre with all rights under the Treaty of Guerande of 1365
+*[[Joanna of Dreux|Joan]] (1331–1384), Countess of Penthièvre ''[[suo jure]]''; daughter of Guy, granddaughter of Henry IV of Avagour, married [[Charles, Duke of Brittany|Charles de Blois-Châtillon]], lost [[Breton War of Succession]], but retained the county with all rights under the Treaty of Guerande of 1365
 ===House of Blois-Châtillon===
+* [[John I, Count of Penthièvre|John I]] (1384–1404), son of Joan; his widow would join in attempting the abduction and imprisonment of the duke of Brittany, only to be imprisoned herself by the duchess.
-*John III (1384–1404), son of Joan
-*Olivier (1404–1433), son of John III - lost the Countship and the rights of Penthievre to the Duke of Brittany after attempting his imprisonment in 1420, and presumed overthrow.
+* [[Olivier, Count of Penthièvre|Olivier]] (1404–1433), son of John - lost the countship and the rights of Penthièvre to the duke of Brittany after attempting his imprisonment and presumed overthrow in 1420.
-*John IV (1433–1454), son of John III, brother of Olivier - some aspects of Penthièvre were restored.
+* [[John II, Count of Penthièvre|John II]] (1433–1454), second son of John - some aspects of Penthièvre were restored.
-*Nicole (1454–1479), niece of John IV, married [[Jean II de Brosse]]
+* [[Nicole, Countess of Penthièvre|Nicole]] (1454–1479), granddaughter of John through his third son, Charles. She married [[Jean II de Brosse]]
 ===House of Brosse===
-*[[Jean II de Brosse|John V]] (1454–1482), husband of Nicole
+*[[Jean II de Brosse|John]] (1454–1482), husband of Nicole, Count of Penthièvre ''jure uxoris''
-*[[Jean III de Brosse|John VI]] (1482–1502), son of John V
+*[[Jean III de Brosse|John III]] (1482–1502), son of John V and Nicole
 *[[René de Brosse|René]] (1502–1524), son of John VI
-*[[Jean IV de Brosse|John VII]] (1524–1566), son of René
+*[[Jean IV de Brosse|John IV]] (1524–1566), son of René
 ==Dukes of Penthièvre==
 ===House of Luxembourg===
-*[[Sébastien, Duke of Penthièvre|Sebastian]] (1566–1569), nephew of John VII
+*[[Sébastien, Duke of Penthièvre|Sebastian]] (1566–1569), nephew of John IV. Sebastian was son of Charlotte de Brosse, daughter of René.
-*Marie (1569–1623), married [[Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur|Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine]]
+*[[Marie of Luxembourg, Duchess of Penthièvre|Marie]] (1569–1623), daughter of Sebastian, married [[Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur|Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine]].
 ===[[House of Lorraine]]===
@@ Line 72: / Line 83: @@
 *[[Louis II de Bourbon-Vendôme]] (1665–1669), son of César de Vendôme
 *[[Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme|Louis III Joseph de Vendôme]] (1669–1712), son of Louis II de Bourbon-Vendôme
+**Sold to [[Marie Anne de Bourbon|Marie Anne, ''légitimée'' de Bourbon]] in 1696.
-**Sold to [[Marie Anne de Bourbon]] in 1696.
 ===House of [[Bourbon-Penthièvre]]===
-*[[Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse|Louis Alexandre de Bourbon]] (1697–1737), [[Count of Toulouse]], Duke of Rambouillet, [[legitimation#family law|legitimised]] son of [[Louis XIV of France]]
+*[[Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse|Louis Alexandre de Bourbon]] (1697–1737), [[Count of Toulouse]], Duke of Rambouillet, [[legitimation#Family law|legitimised]] son of [[Louis XIV of France]]
 *[[Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre|Louis de Bourbon]] (1737–1793), son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse
 ===[[House of Orléans]]===
 ====[[Second Restoration]]====
-*[[Charles d'Orléans (1820-1828)]], son of [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans]] (the future King of the French)
+*[[Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Penthièvre|Charles d'Orléans]] (1820–1828), son of [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans]] (the future King of the French)
 ====[[July Monarchy]]====
-*Pierre d'Orléans (1845–1919), son of [[François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville]]
+*[[Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre|Pierre d'Orléans]] (1845–1919), son of [[François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville]]
-{{Portal|Brittany}}
-==References==
-*{{1911}}
 ==See also==
+* [[Duchy of Brittany]]
 * [[Earl of Richmond]]
 * [[Dukes of Brittany family tree]]
 * [[Eudes, Count of Penthièvre]]
+* [[Joan, Duchess of Brittany|Joanna, Countess of Penthièvre ''suo jure'']]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Counts and dukes of Penthievre}}
 [[Category:Counts of Penthièvre| ]]
 [[Category:Dukes of Penthièvre| ]]
-[[ca:Comtat de Penthièvre]]
-[[de:Herzogtum Penthièvre]]
-[[fr:Liste des comtes et ducs de Penthièvre]]
-[[it:Penthièvre]]
-[[nl:Lijst van graven en hertogen van Penthièvre]]
-[[pl:Władcy Penthievre]]
-[[ru:Список графов и герцогов Пентьевр]]