Mertensia maritima: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae}} |
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{{taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Samuel Frederick Gray|Gray]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] |
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|ordo = (unplaced) |
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|familia = [[Boraginaceae]] |
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|binomial_authority = Gray |
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'''''Mertensia maritima''''' is a species of flowering plant in the [[Boraginaceae|borage family]], and is known by the common names '''oyster leaf''' in [[North America]], '''oyster plant''' in the [[British Isles]], and '''sea bluebells'''. |
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'''''Mertensia maritima''''' a species of flowering plant in the [[Boraginaceae|borage family]] known by the common names '''oysterleaf''', '''oysterplant''' or '''sea bluebells'''. It grows on gravel ground in the Northern hemisphere, reaching north to the northern parts of Canada, Greenland and Svalbard. It is a perennial herb producing a stem approaching 50 centimeters in maximum length. The [[inflorescence]] forms a cluster of flowers which are first reddish, and later bright blue.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=østersurt |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Godal | editor-first=Anne Marit | editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=http://snl.no/%C3%B8stersurt |language=Norwegian |accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MEMA3 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) |title=Plants Profile}}</ref> |
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It is restricted to gravelly sea shores, usually within reach of the highest winter tides in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], reaching north to the northern parts of [[Canada]], [[Greenland]] and [[Svalbard]]. |
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It is a perennial herb producing a stem approaching 50 centimeters in maximum length. The [[inflorescence]] forms a cluster of flowers which are first reddish, and later bright blue. |
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==Description== |
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''Mertensia maritima'' is known as the oyster leaf or oyster plant because it gives off a faint smell of mushrooms and when eaten it tastes vaguely of [[oyster]]s.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Delort E, Jaquier A, Chapuis C, Rubin M, Starkenmann C | title = Volatile composition of oyster leaf (Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray) | journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | volume = 60 | issue = 47 | pages = 11681–90 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23140514 | doi = 10.1021/jf303395q | url = https://doi.org/10.1021/jf303395q }}</ref> The chemical that gives this plant the oyster-like odour when its leaves are crushed is dimethyl sulphide, a compound that is noted for being a major part of the odour profile of raw oysters. .<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wood W | title = Dimethyl Sulphide: The Oyster-like Odourant of Mertensia maritima) | journal = Biosystematics and Ecology | volume = 2 | pages = 7–8_ _| date = November 2023 | pmid = 23140514 | DOI =10.1553/biosystecol.2.e113169| doi-access = free }}</ref> It is native to Britain and Northern Europe; however, populations in the British Isles are decreasing. There are two other [[Variety (botany)|varieties]] that exist: |
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*''M. maritima'' var. ''tenella'' is found in Canada and [[Spitsbergen|Spitzbergen]] |
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*''M. maritima'' var. ''asiatica'' is found in Alaska and Northeastern Asia<ref name=":0" /> |
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This plant grows on sand or shingle beaches where the ground can be [[siliceous]] or [[calcareous]], and contains [[humus]] from decaying seaweed.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Scott GA |date= 1963 |title=Mertensia Maritima (L.) S. F. Gray | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/2257760|journal=Journal of Ecology|volume=51|issue=3|pages=733–742|doi=10.2307/2257760|jstor= 2257760 |issn=0022-0477}}</ref> It mainly grows in a [[Subarctic|sub-Arctic]] climate and is exposed to very cold temperatures, waves that crash on the shore and strong winds.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Alton S, FitzGerald R |title= 644. Mertensia Maritima |date= April 2009 |journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine|language=en|volume=26|issue=1–2|pages=96–110|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8748.2009.01640.x}}</ref> Since the plant grows in a cold climate, the seeds remain dormant.{{clarify|date=March 2023}} Skarpaas and Stabbetorp{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} noted that a cold period (about {{cvt|2|C|F|abbr=on}}) was needed to break this dormancy.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Park HY, Kim DH, Saini RK, Gopal J, Keum YS, Sivanesan I | title = Micropropagation and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in ''Mertensia maritima'' (L.) Gray | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 20 | issue = 9 | pages = 2141 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 31052234 | pmc = 6540335 | doi = 10.3390/ijms20092141 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[File:Mertensia maritima upernavik kujalleq 2007-07-25 1.jpg|thumb|'''''Mertensia maritima''''' growing on a beach.]] |
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*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Mertensia+maritima Photo gallery] |
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* {{Commons-inline}} |
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* {{Wikispecies-inline}} |
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* {{CalPhotos|Mertensia|maritima}} |
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* [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/boragina/merte/mertmarv.jpg Global distribution] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1444376}} |
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[[Category:Mertensia|maritima]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Greenland]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Northern Canada]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Svalbard]] |
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[[Category:Leaf vegetables]] |
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[[da:Almindelig Hestetunge]] |
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[[fr:Mertensie maritime]] |
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[[is:Blálilja]] |
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[[nn:Østersurt]] |
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[[ru:Мертензия приморская]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:52, 28 November 2023
| Mertensia maritima | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | Mertensia |
| Species: | M. maritima
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| Binomial name | |
| Mertensia maritima | |
Mertensia maritima is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, and is known by the common names oyster leaf in North America, oyster plant in the British Isles, and sea bluebells.
It is restricted to gravelly sea shores, usually within reach of the highest winter tides in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching north to the northern parts of Canada, Greenland and Svalbard.
It is a perennial herb producing a stem approaching 50 centimeters in maximum length. The inflorescence forms a cluster of flowers which are first reddish, and later bright blue.
Description
[edit]Mertensia maritima is known as the oyster leaf or oyster plant because it gives off a faint smell of mushrooms and when eaten it tastes vaguely of oysters.[1] The chemical that gives this plant the oyster-like odour when its leaves are crushed is dimethyl sulphide, a compound that is noted for being a major part of the odour profile of raw oysters. .[2] It is native to Britain and Northern Europe; however, populations in the British Isles are decreasing. There are two other varieties that exist:
- M. maritima var. tenella is found in Canada and Spitzbergen
- M. maritima var. asiatica is found in Alaska and Northeastern Asia[1]
This plant grows on sand or shingle beaches where the ground can be siliceous or calcareous, and contains humus from decaying seaweed.[3] It mainly grows in a sub-Arctic climate and is exposed to very cold temperatures, waves that crash on the shore and strong winds.[4] Since the plant grows in a cold climate, the seeds remain dormant.[clarification needed] Skarpaas and Stabbetorp[citation needed] noted that a cold period (about 2 °C (36 °F)) was needed to break this dormancy.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Delort E, Jaquier A, Chapuis C, Rubin M, Starkenmann C (November 2012). "Volatile composition of oyster leaf (Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60 (47): 11681–90. doi:10.1021/jf303395q. PMID 23140514.
- ^ Wood W (November 2023). "Dimethyl Sulphide: The Oyster-like Odourant of Mertensia maritima)". Biosystematics and Ecology. 2: 7–8_ _. doi:10.1553/biosystecol.2.e113169. PMID 23140514.
- ^ Scott GA (1963). "Mertensia Maritima (L.) S. F. Gray". Journal of Ecology. 51 (3): 733–742. doi:10.2307/2257760. ISSN 0022-0477. JSTOR 2257760.
- ^ Alton S, FitzGerald R (April 2009). "644. Mertensia Maritima". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 26 (1–2): 96–110. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8748.2009.01640.x.
- ^ Park HY, Kim DH, Saini RK, Gopal J, Keum YS, Sivanesan I (April 2019). "Micropropagation and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (9): 2141. doi:10.3390/ijms20092141. PMC 6540335. PMID 31052234.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Mertensia maritima at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Mertensia maritima at Wikispecies- "Mertensia maritima". Plants for a Future.
- Mertensia maritima in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
- Global distribution
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