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{{short description|American evangelical}}
'''Douglas E. Coe''' (born 1929) is leader of the Christian political organization known as [[The Family (Christian political organization)|The Family]]. Coe was born, raised and educated in Oregon, and is a graduate of Willamette University. A former banker, he became involved with Young Life, a campus youth ministry. In 1959 he joined The Family, and in 1969 he became its leader.<ref>http://www.harpers.org/archive/2003/03/0079525</ref> He was named one of the 25 most influential [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]]s in America in 2005 by [[Time (magazine)|Time]] magazine.<ref>Van Biema, David, etc ([[February 7]], [[2005]]) [http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050207/photoessay/4.html Douglas Coe] in "25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America" ''Time'' Retrieved on [[2008]]-[[June 14]]</ref>
{{Infobox person
| name = Douglas Evans Coe
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|10|20}}
| birth_place = [[Medford, Oregon]], US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|02|21|1928|10|20}}
| death_place = [[Annapolis, Maryland]], US
| occupation = {{plainlist|
* evangelist{{efn|serving under the [[Fellowship Foundation]]}}
* Christian lay minister{{efn|serving under the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]]}}
}}
| known_for = {{indented plainlist|
* affiliation with:<br />[[Fellowship Foundation]]<br />[[National Prayer Breakfast]]
}}
| title = {{indented plainlist|
* Associate Director<br />[[The Fellowship (Christian organization)|Fellowship Foundation]]
}}
| education = {{indented plainlist|
* [[Willamette University]]<br />[[Bachelor of Science|BS]] (1953)
}}
| spouse = Janice
| children = 6
}}


'''Douglas Evans Coe''' (October 20, 1928 – February 21, 2017) was an American evangelist who served as the associate director of the [[The Fellowship (Christian organization)|Fellowship Foundation]] (also known as The Fellowship), a religious and political organization known for hosting the annual [[National Prayer Breakfast]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Perry |first=Steve |url=http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/article/2008/06/17/imperial-jesus-family-author-jeff-shalet-secret-history-other-christian-right.htm |title=Imperial Jesus: 'Family" author Jeff Sharlet on the secret history of the other Christian right &#124; Twin Cities Daily Planet |publisher=Tcdailyplanet.net |date=2008-06-21 |accessdate=2017-02-22}}</ref> Coe has been referred to as the "stealth [[Billy Graham]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050207/photoessay/4.html |magazine=Time |title=25 Most Influential Evangelicals Photo Essay |date=July 2, 2005 |accessdate=May 1, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410040738/http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050207/photoessay/4.html |archivedate=April 10, 2010 }}</ref> In 2005, Coe was named one of the 25 most-influential [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]]s in the United States by [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']].<ref>Van Biema, David, etc. (February 7, 2005) [https://web.archive.org/web/20050203183121/http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050207/photoessay/4.html Douglas Coe] in "25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America" ''Time'' Retrieved on 2008 – June 14</ref> Coe was an ordained [[ruling elder]] and lay minister in the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]].<ref>''Presbytery of Washington'' Records of 1970 ordinations</ref>
In sermons, Coe repeatedly demands a fanatical and personal commitment to [[Jesus Christ]], which he has explained as "Jesus plus nothing."<ref>http://www.harpers.org/archive/2003/03/0079525</ref> Coe compares the level of commitment necessary to the blind devotion that [[Adolph Hitler]] demanded from his disciples.<ref>Mitchell, Andrea, etc ([[April 3]], [[2008]])[http://deepbackground.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/04/03/857959.aspx|NBC News Exclusive: Political ties to a secretive religious group]</ref> Coe avoids publicity and has been cited as a spiritual advisor to many politicians, ranging from [[Hilary Clinton]] to [[Mark Sanford]].<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106115324 'Family': Fundamentalism, Friends In High Places] NPR</ref>

==Early life and education==
Douglas Coe was born on October 20, 1928, in [[Medford, Oregon]].<ref name="NYTobit">{{cite web|author=Zach Montague|date=February 22, 2017|title=Doug Coe, Influential Evangelical Leader, Dies at 88|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/22/us/obituary-doug-coe-fellowship-foundation.html|accessdate=February 23, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from [[Willamette University]] in [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]] in 1953.<ref name="NCSbio">{{cite web|title=New Canaan Society - Douglas Coe|url=http://www.newcanaansociety.org/Resources/Speaker-Bios/C/Coe,-Douglas.aspx|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115062958/http://www.newcanaansociety.org/Resources/Speaker-Bios/C/Coe,-Douglas.aspx|archivedate=2010-11-15|accessdate=2009-08-26}}</ref>

While enrolled as a college student, Coe met dean of men and future fellowship associate Senator [[Mark O. Hatfield]]. Coe became involved with [[Young Life]], a campus youth ministry, in [[Salem, Oregon]], and started a chapter of [[InterVarsity Christian Fellowship]] with Roy Cook while enrolled at Willamette University.<ref name="normangrubb.com">{{cite web|date=|title=Microsoft Word - The Willowbank Story - Revised Pages.doc|url=http://www.normangrubb.com/PDF/The%20Willowbank%20Story.pdf|accessdate=2017-02-22}}</ref> Coe and Cook became involved in laymen's groups of various kinds and helped establish a "[[The Navigators (organization)|Navigator]] house" in Salem.<ref name="normangrubb.com"/> They met [[Abraham Vereide]] when he visited Salem, Oregon, for a Governor's prayer breakfast and were fascinated by his visionary communication of a "leadership led by God, empowered by His Spirit."<ref name="normangrubb.com"/>

==Career==
In 1958, Coe was employed by Vereide at the International Christian Leadership (ICL) on [[Dupont Circle]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], and served as aide de camp to Vereide. By 1963, Coe had become an assistant director of ICL. He worked alongside Vereide, Wallace Haines, Clifton Robinson and Richard C. Halverson, the clergy executives of the global ministry. Coe was trained by [[Jim Rayburn]] and Lorne Sanny in the methods of Bible memorization, study and teaching. Vereide also had Coe mentored by young [[Billy Graham]], a youth minister and former president (1948–1952) of [[Northwestern College (Minnesota)|Northwestern College]], and a frequent house guest of Vereide's.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/459.htm |title=Records of the Fellowship Foundation - Collection 459 |publisher=Wheaton.edu |date= |accessdate=2017-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103165138/http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/459.htm |archive-date=2017-01-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>''ICL Archives'' Dupont Circle office</ref><ref>Grubb, Norman (1961) ''Modern Viking'', page 192</ref><ref>Adair, Marian (2003) ''Window on Washington'', page28</ref> Halverson called Coe "...the godfather... but for good, not for bad."<ref name="worldmag.com">{{cite web|title=WORLD Magazine &#124; All in the family &#124; Emily Belz, Edward Lee Pitts &#124; Aug 29, 09|url=http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15778|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815192319/http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15778|archivedate=2009-08-15|accessdate=2009-08-14}}</ref>

Coe was a member of the planning committee for the National Student Leadership Forum on Faith and Values.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newcanaansociety.org/29/ |title=New Canaan Society: Coe, Douglas |accessdate=2012-10-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011153929/http://www.newcanaansociety.org/29/ |archivedate=2008-10-11 }}</ref>

===Political influence and private diplomacy===
The extent of Coe's influence in American politics is a subject of debate. Speaking at the 1990 [[National Prayer Breakfast]], President [[George H. W. Bush]] praised Coe for his "quiet diplomacy, I wouldn't say secret diplomacy".<ref name="Sharlet">{{cite book|last=Sharlet|first=Jeff|title=The Family: Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power|publisher=Harper-Collins|year=2008|isbn=978-0-06-055979-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/familysecretfund00shar_0}}</ref>

[[The Fellowship (Christian organization)|The Fellowship]] was a behind-the-scenes player at the [[Camp David Accords]] in 1978, working with President [[Jimmy Carter]] to issue a worldwide call to prayer with Israeli prime minister [[Menachem Begin]] and Egyptian president [[Anwar Sadat]]. In 2000, Coe met with top economic officials of [[Pakistan]] as a "special envoy" of U. S. Representative [[Joe Pitts (Pennsylvania politician)|Joe Pitts]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. Coe met with President [[George H. W. Bush]] as he hosted a luncheon with Iraq's ambassador to the United States in the mid-1980s{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. In 2001, [[The Fellowship (Christian organization)|The Fellowship]] helped arrange a private meeting at Cedars between two warring leaders, [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] President [[Joseph Kabila]] and [[Rwanda]]n President [[Paul Kagame]], one of the first of a series of discreet meetings between the two African leaders that eventually led to the signing of a peace accord.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toobeautiful.org/lat_020927.html |title=LA Times, 27 Sep 02: Showing Faith in Discretion -- 'The Fellowship' |accessdate=2009-12-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218083705/http://www.toobeautiful.org/lat_020927.html |archivedate=2009-12-18 }}</ref>
Coe was a member of the large United States Congressional and ministerial delegation which accompanied then First Lady [[Hillary Clinton]] to the 1997 funeral of the founder of the [[Missionaries of Charity]], [[Mother Teresa]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/09/11/email/funeral/ | work=CNN | accessdate=May 1, 2010 | title=In Other News}}</ref> He is mentioned by [[John Ortberg]] in his book ''[[If You Want to Walk on Water, You've Got to Get Out of the Boat]]'' as the pastor of a man, named only as 'Bob', who had great influence on bringing medicine and releasing political prisoners in Kenya.<ref>John Ortberg, "[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0310250560 If you want to walk on water, you've got to get out of the boat]", Zondervan 2001, pp91-93</ref>
Coe convened a meeting between Bob Mitchell, the president of [[Young Life]], [[Jay Kesler]], the president of [[Youth for Christ]], and Colonel James Meredith of [[United States Army]] at Vereide's Fellowship House in Washington, D.C., on July 29, 1980, which led to the formation of Military Community Youth Ministries (MCYM), a global program to spiritually and relationally care for children with parents in the military around the world in the similitude of Young Life and [[InterVarsity Christian Fellowship|InterVarsity]], organizations which Coe had served with early in his ministry career.<ref>http://mcym.org/page.asp?id=110&name=History+of+MCYM+Founding{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<nowiki/>{{Dead link|date=January 2023}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

In March 2009, Coe was a featured speaker at the Idaho State Prayer Breakfast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idahostateprayerbreakfast.org/ |title=Idaho State Prayer Breakfast |publisher=Idaho State Prayer Breakfast |date= |accessdate=2017-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idahostateprayerbreakfast.org/documents/2009Invitation.pdf
|title=Idaho State Prayer Breakfast - invitation
|access-date=2009-08-21
|date=2009-03-07
|url-status=dead
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726170529/http://www.idahostateprayerbreakfast.org/documents/2009Invitation.pdf
|archive-date=2011-07-26
}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|Speakers at the 48th annual Idaho State Prayer Breakfast challenged an audience of more than 600 Saturday to discover Jesus Christ through individual attention, small group fellowships and statewide prayer for leaders.

Former Idaho governor Cecil Andrus introduced Doug Coe. Andrus said the Camp David accords would not have been accomplished without Coe.

Doug Coe told of how people of all cultures and religious backgrounds can be joined by Jesus' teachings. Coe said small group fellowships have taken place all over the world with communists, atheists, Hindus and Muslims agreeing on the teachings of Jesus.

For example, at one small group fellowship meeting, Cecil Andrus asked Arthur Burns, a Jew, to speak. Burns prayed, "Dear God, I pray that all the Jewish people in the world will come to know Jesus. Dear God, I pray that all the Muslims in the world will come to know Jesus. Dear God, I pray that all the Christians in the world will come to know Jesus. Dear God, I pray that everyone in the world will come to know Jesus."

Doug Coe, former [[Young Life]] and [[InterVarsity Christian Fellowship|InterVarsity]] leader, told Saturday's audience: "That's the message for our kids, for our country. Jesus is the answer."<ref>[http://www.idahostatesman.com/localnews/story/691096.html ]{{dead link|date=February 2017}}</ref>{{cn|date=May 2023}}
}}

==Personal life==
[[File:Douglas Evans Coe and Jonathan R. R. Coe.jpg|thumb|right|Grave of Coe at Columbia Gardens Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia]]
When he was not traveling, Coe resided in [[Arlington, Virginia]], with his wife, Janice, in a house located on the grounds of the former Doubleday Mansion, renamed the Cedars. He and his wife had six children<ref name="NCSbio" /> and 21 grandchildren.<ref name="NCSbio" />

Reluctant to speak in public, Coe routinely denied requests for interviews and speeches to large audiences.<ref name="worldmag.com" />

Coe died at age 88 in [[Annapolis, Maryland]], on February 21, 2017, from complications of a [[heart attack]].<ref name="NYTobit" />

==Media portrayals==
In August 2019, Netflix released a five-part, original documentary series titled ''[[The Family (miniseries)|The Family]]'' which features Coe as the central figure of what it describes as "an enigmatic conservative Christian group ... [that] wields enormous influence in Washington, D.C."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/title/80063867 |title=Watch the Family &#124; Netflix Official Site |website=www.netflix.com |access-date=Aug 13, 2019}}</ref> He is portrayed by [[James Cromwell]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicolaou |first=Elena |title=Donald Trump Just Called Himself The Chosen One & This Netflix Documentary Might Explain Why |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/08/241076/the-family-netflix-donald-trump-chosen-jesse-interview |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www.refinery29.com |language=en}}</ref> The series is based on the 2008 book ''[[The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power]]'' by [[Jeff Sharlet (writer)|Jeff Sharlet]].

In 1978, Coe was portrayed by Ned Wilson in the film, ''[[Born Again (film)|Born Again]]'', concerning his work in converting [[Charles Colson]] to Christianity and supporting him through his incarceration following [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Douglas Evans Coe}}
*[http://www.newsweek.com/id/214986?from=rss House of Worship] by Lisa Miller, ''Newsweek'', Sep 8, 2009
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170223044211/http://alarryross.com/doug-coe-unassuming-spiritual-mentor-to-national-international-leadership-dies-at-88/ Doug Coe, Unassuming Spiritual Mentor to National, International Leadership, dies at 88], by A. Larry Ross, Feb. 21, 2017

{{The Fellowship |expanded}}
{{Conservatism footer}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Coe, Douglas}}
{{Christianity-bio-stub}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
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{{Lifetime||LIVING|Coe, Douglas}}
[[Category:American Evangelicals]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:International Christian Leadership]]
[[Category:20th-century American Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:21st-century American Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:American evangelicals]]
[[Category:American evangelists]]
[[Category:People from Medford, Oregon]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Oregon]]
[[Category:Willamette University alumni]]

Latest revision as of 16:55, 20 October 2024

Douglas Evans Coe
Born(1928-10-20)October 20, 1928
Medford, Oregon, US
DiedFebruary 21, 2017(2017-02-21) (aged 88)
Annapolis, Maryland, US
Education
Occupations
  • evangelist[a]
  • Christian lay minister[b]
Known for
Title
SpouseJanice
Children6

Douglas Evans Coe (October 20, 1928 – February 21, 2017) was an American evangelist who served as the associate director of the Fellowship Foundation (also known as The Fellowship), a religious and political organization known for hosting the annual National Prayer Breakfast.[1] Coe has been referred to as the "stealth Billy Graham".[2] In 2005, Coe was named one of the 25 most-influential evangelicals in the United States by Time.[3] Coe was an ordained ruling elder and lay minister in the Presbyterian Church (USA).[4]

Early life and education

[edit]

Douglas Coe was born on October 20, 1928, in Medford, Oregon.[5] He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Willamette University in Salem in 1953.[6]

While enrolled as a college student, Coe met dean of men and future fellowship associate Senator Mark O. Hatfield. Coe became involved with Young Life, a campus youth ministry, in Salem, Oregon, and started a chapter of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship with Roy Cook while enrolled at Willamette University.[7] Coe and Cook became involved in laymen's groups of various kinds and helped establish a "Navigator house" in Salem.[7] They met Abraham Vereide when he visited Salem, Oregon, for a Governor's prayer breakfast and were fascinated by his visionary communication of a "leadership led by God, empowered by His Spirit."[7]

Career

[edit]

In 1958, Coe was employed by Vereide at the International Christian Leadership (ICL) on Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., and served as aide de camp to Vereide. By 1963, Coe had become an assistant director of ICL. He worked alongside Vereide, Wallace Haines, Clifton Robinson and Richard C. Halverson, the clergy executives of the global ministry. Coe was trained by Jim Rayburn and Lorne Sanny in the methods of Bible memorization, study and teaching. Vereide also had Coe mentored by young Billy Graham, a youth minister and former president (1948–1952) of Northwestern College, and a frequent house guest of Vereide's.[8][9][10][11] Halverson called Coe "...the godfather... but for good, not for bad."[12]

Coe was a member of the planning committee for the National Student Leadership Forum on Faith and Values.[13]

Political influence and private diplomacy

[edit]

The extent of Coe's influence in American politics is a subject of debate. Speaking at the 1990 National Prayer Breakfast, President George H. W. Bush praised Coe for his "quiet diplomacy, I wouldn't say secret diplomacy".[14]

The Fellowship was a behind-the-scenes player at the Camp David Accords in 1978, working with President Jimmy Carter to issue a worldwide call to prayer with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat. In 2000, Coe met with top economic officials of Pakistan as a "special envoy" of U. S. Representative Joe Pitts[citation needed]. Coe met with President George H. W. Bush as he hosted a luncheon with Iraq's ambassador to the United States in the mid-1980s[citation needed]. In 2001, The Fellowship helped arrange a private meeting at Cedars between two warring leaders, Democratic Republic of Congo President Joseph Kabila and Rwandan President Paul Kagame, one of the first of a series of discreet meetings between the two African leaders that eventually led to the signing of a peace accord.[15] Coe was a member of the large United States Congressional and ministerial delegation which accompanied then First Lady Hillary Clinton to the 1997 funeral of the founder of the Missionaries of Charity, Mother Teresa.[16] He is mentioned by John Ortberg in his book If You Want to Walk on Water, You've Got to Get Out of the Boat as the pastor of a man, named only as 'Bob', who had great influence on bringing medicine and releasing political prisoners in Kenya.[17] Coe convened a meeting between Bob Mitchell, the president of Young Life, Jay Kesler, the president of Youth for Christ, and Colonel James Meredith of United States Army at Vereide's Fellowship House in Washington, D.C., on July 29, 1980, which led to the formation of Military Community Youth Ministries (MCYM), a global program to spiritually and relationally care for children with parents in the military around the world in the similitude of Young Life and InterVarsity, organizations which Coe had served with early in his ministry career.[18][citation needed]

In March 2009, Coe was a featured speaker at the Idaho State Prayer Breakfast.[19][20]

Speakers at the 48th annual Idaho State Prayer Breakfast challenged an audience of more than 600 Saturday to discover Jesus Christ through individual attention, small group fellowships and statewide prayer for leaders.

Former Idaho governor Cecil Andrus introduced Doug Coe. Andrus said the Camp David accords would not have been accomplished without Coe.

Doug Coe told of how people of all cultures and religious backgrounds can be joined by Jesus' teachings. Coe said small group fellowships have taken place all over the world with communists, atheists, Hindus and Muslims agreeing on the teachings of Jesus.

For example, at one small group fellowship meeting, Cecil Andrus asked Arthur Burns, a Jew, to speak. Burns prayed, "Dear God, I pray that all the Jewish people in the world will come to know Jesus. Dear God, I pray that all the Muslims in the world will come to know Jesus. Dear God, I pray that all the Christians in the world will come to know Jesus. Dear God, I pray that everyone in the world will come to know Jesus."

Doug Coe, former Young Life and InterVarsity leader, told Saturday's audience: "That's the message for our kids, for our country. Jesus is the answer."[21][citation needed]

Personal life

[edit]
Grave of Coe at Columbia Gardens Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia

When he was not traveling, Coe resided in Arlington, Virginia, with his wife, Janice, in a house located on the grounds of the former Doubleday Mansion, renamed the Cedars. He and his wife had six children[6] and 21 grandchildren.[6]

Reluctant to speak in public, Coe routinely denied requests for interviews and speeches to large audiences.[12]

Coe died at age 88 in Annapolis, Maryland, on February 21, 2017, from complications of a heart attack.[5]

Media portrayals

[edit]

In August 2019, Netflix released a five-part, original documentary series titled The Family which features Coe as the central figure of what it describes as "an enigmatic conservative Christian group ... [that] wields enormous influence in Washington, D.C."[22] He is portrayed by James Cromwell.[23] The series is based on the 2008 book The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power by Jeff Sharlet.

In 1978, Coe was portrayed by Ned Wilson in the film, Born Again, concerning his work in converting Charles Colson to Christianity and supporting him through his incarceration following Watergate.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ serving under the Fellowship Foundation
  2. ^ serving under the Presbyterian Church (USA)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Perry, Steve (2008-06-21). "Imperial Jesus: 'Family" author Jeff Sharlet on the secret history of the other Christian right | Twin Cities Daily Planet". Tcdailyplanet.net. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  2. ^ "25 Most Influential Evangelicals Photo Essay". Time. July 2, 2005. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  3. ^ Van Biema, David, etc. (February 7, 2005) Douglas Coe in "25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America" Time Retrieved on 2008 – June 14
  4. ^ Presbytery of Washington Records of 1970 ordinations
  5. ^ a b Zach Montague (February 22, 2017). "Doug Coe, Influential Evangelical Leader, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c "New Canaan Society - Douglas Coe". Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  7. ^ a b c "Microsoft Word - The Willowbank Story - Revised Pages.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  8. ^ "Records of the Fellowship Foundation - Collection 459". Wheaton.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  9. ^ ICL Archives Dupont Circle office
  10. ^ Grubb, Norman (1961) Modern Viking, page 192
  11. ^ Adair, Marian (2003) Window on Washington, page28
  12. ^ a b "WORLD Magazine | All in the family | Emily Belz, Edward Lee Pitts | Aug 29, 09". Archived from the original on 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
  13. ^ "New Canaan Society: Coe, Douglas". Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
  14. ^ Sharlet, Jeff (2008). The Family: Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power. Harper-Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-055979-3.
  15. ^ "LA Times, 27 Sep 02: Showing Faith in Discretion -- 'The Fellowship'". Archived from the original on 2009-12-18. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
  16. ^ "In Other News". CNN. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  17. ^ John Ortberg, "If you want to walk on water, you've got to get out of the boat", Zondervan 2001, pp91-93
  18. ^ http://mcym.org/page.asp?id=110&name=History+of+MCYM+Founding[permanent dead link‍][dead link‍]
  19. ^ "Idaho State Prayer Breakfast". Idaho State Prayer Breakfast. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  20. ^ "Idaho State Prayer Breakfast - invitation" (PDF). 2009-03-07. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2009-08-21.
  21. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  22. ^ "Watch the Family | Netflix Official Site". www.netflix.com. Retrieved Aug 13, 2019.
  23. ^ Nicolaou, Elena. "Donald Trump Just Called Himself The Chosen One & This Netflix Documentary Might Explain Why". www.refinery29.com. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
[edit]
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