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{{short description|American film director}} |
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'''Jack Hill''' (b. [[January 28]], [[1933]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[film director]], noted for his work in the [[exploitation film]] genre. |
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{{Other uses}} |
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== Filmography as director == |
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{{Infobox person |
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* Sorceress (1982) (as Brian Stuart) |
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| name = Jack Hill |
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* ''[[Switchblade Sisters]]'' (1975) |
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| image = JackHill1968.jpg |
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* The Swinging Cheerleaders (1974) |
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| caption = Hill in the editing room during production of ''[[Pit Stop (1969 film)|Pit Stop]]'' in 1968 |
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* ''[[Foxy Brown (1974 film)|Foxy Brown]]'' (1974) |
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1933|1|28}} |
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* ''[[Coffy]]'' (1973) |
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| birth_place = [[Los Angeles, California]], U.S. |
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* The Big Bird Cage (1972) |
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| yearsactive = 1960–82 |
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* ''[[The Big Doll House]]'' (1971) |
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| occupation = [[Film director]] |
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* The Fear Chamber (1971) (US scenes) |
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| education = [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]] |
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* The Incredible Invasion (1971) (US scenes) |
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| spouse = <!--{{marriage|Elke Norma|1958}}--> |
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* The Snake People (1971) (US scenes) |
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| notable_works = ''[[The Big Bird Cage]]'' (1972)<br />''[[Coffy]]'' (1973)<br />''[[Foxy Brown (film)|Foxy Brown]]'' (1974) |
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* House of Evil (1971) (US scenes) |
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}} |
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* Ich, ein Groupie (1970) (uncredited) |
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'''Jack Hill''' (born January 28, 1933) is an American [[film director]] in the [[exploitation film]] genre. Several of Hill's later films have been characterized as [[feminism|feminist]] works.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sadiemagazine.com/past-issues/issue-no-7/top-that/a-top-ten-of-feminist-minded-films |title=A Top Ten of Feminist-Minded Films |work=Sadie Magazine| first=Sara|last= Freeman| issue=12 |date= Spring 2013|access-date=2012-05-18|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130714011238/http://sadiemagazine.com/past-issues/issue-no-7/top-that/a-top-ten-of-feminist-minded-films |archive-date= July 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first = Jerry|last= Renshaw | title= ''Foxy Brown'': Directed by Jack Hill | url = http://www.filmvault.com/filmvault/austin/f/foxybrown1.html |publisher=(review) Filmvault.com ([[The Austin Chronicle]]) |date= December 29, 1997 | access-date=2012-05-18 |archive-date= March 25, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120325191913/http://www.filmvault.com/filmvault/austin/f/foxybrown1.html}}</ref> |
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* Pit Stop | The Winner (1969) |
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* ''[[Spider Baby]]'', aka The Maddest Story Ever Told (1968) |
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* ''[[Blood Bath]]'' (aka Track of the Vampire) (1966) |
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* Mondo Keyhole (1966) |
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* The Raw Ones (1965) |
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* The Terror (1963) |
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* The Bellboy and the Playgirls |
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* The Wasp Woman (1960) (uncredited) |
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* The Host (1960) |
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==Early life== |
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[[Category:1933 births|Hill, Jack]] |
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Hill was born January 28, 1933, in [[Los Angeles]], California.<ref name=lincolncenter>{{cite web | url = http://www.filmlinc.com/films/directors/jack-hill | title= Jack Hill | publisher = [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]] | date= n.d.|access-date= November 1, 2014| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141101152800/http://www.filmlinc.com/films/directors/jack-hill | archive-date= November 1, 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Gladys L.|title=Female Action Heroes: A Guide to Women in Comics, Video Games, Film, and Television|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=Greenwood Press|date=2010|isbn=9780313376122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PKSFHwhTGYC|page=129}}</ref> His mother, Mildred (née Pannill, b. February 1, 1907; death date n.a.),<ref name=mildred>{{cite book | url= http://www.newenglandballproject.com/g0/p760.htm#i18978| chapter=Mildred Pannill | last=Stone| first= Frank Bush, compiler | title= The Family History of James Ball, Senior|publisher= (Manuscript; Summit, NJ: Frank Bush Stone, June 2, 1995) via New England Ball Project | access-date= November 1, 2014 | archive-date= November 1, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141101144234/http://www.newenglandballproject.com/g0/p760.htm | url-status=live}}</ref> was a music teacher.<ref name=lowcut /> His father, Roland Everett Hill (February 5, 1895 – November 10, 1986),<ref name=roland>Stone (1995), "[http://www.newenglandballproject.com/g0/p760.htm#i18976 Roland Everett Hill]". Retrieved November 1, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141101144234/http://www.newenglandballproject.com/g0/p760.htm Archived] from the original on November 1, 2014.</ref> worked as a set designer and art director for [[First National Pictures]] and [[Warner Bros.]]<ref name=lowcut>Jack Hill interview, {{cite web | url = http://www.lowcut.dk/007_lc/movies/01.htm <!--|title=lowcut.dk--> |work=LowCut <!--sp solid, cap C--> Magazine | title= Confessions of a B-Movie King|issue =7|date=n.d. |access-date=2012-05-18| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040904033711/http://www.lowcut.dk/007_lc/movies/01.htm | archive-date= September 4, 2004|quote= My father Roland Hill went to work as a set designer for First National Studios [sic] around 1925 and stayed on when it became Warner Bros. He later became an art director there, specializing in period architecture and ships. ...My mother is now 94 years old and has about 50 students on violin and piano.}}</ref> on films including ''[[The Jazz Singer]]'', ''[[Captain Blood (1960 film)|Captain Blood]]'', ''[[Action in the North Atlantic]]'', and ''[[Captain Horatio Hornblower]]'', and as well was an architect who designed the centerpiece [[Sleeping Beauty Castle]] at [[Disneyland]] in California.<ref name=cityplanning>{{cite web| url = http://cityplanning.lacity.org/staffrpt/CHC/1-24-08/CHC-2007-5437.pdf | title=Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the Roland E. Hill House | publisher= Los Angeles Department of City Planning | date=January 24, 2008 |quote= The proposed Roland E. Hill House historic monument was designed by its original owner, architect Roland E. Hill ... [who] worked as a set designer and art director for the film industry.... Hill also designed attractions for Disneyland in Anaheim, CA, designing the iconic Sleeping Beauty Castle, the centerpiece of the theme park.| page= 2 | access-date= November 1, 2014 | archive-date=October 7, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121007082858/http://cityplanning.lacity.org/staffrpt/CHC/1-24-08/CHC-2007-5437.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[Category:Living people|Hill, Jack]] |
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[[Category:American film directors|Hill, Jack]] |
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[[Category:English-language film directors|Hill, Jack]] |
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Hill attended [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]], which he attended, he said, for "a couple of years" before leaving to get married and then returning to earn a degree in music.<ref name=waddell-p8>{{cite book| first=Calum | last=Waddell | title=Jack Hill: The Exploitation and Blaxploitation Master, Film by Film| url=https://archive.org/details/jackhillexploita00wadd| url-access=limited| publisher= [[McFarland & Company]] | year = 2009 | isbn= 978-0786436095 | page =[https://archive.org/details/jackhillexploita00wadd/page/n16 8]}}</ref> While a student, he played in a [[symphony orchestra]] that performed for the soundtracks of ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' and ''[[The Brothers Karamazov]]'', and he arranged music for burlesque performers; through this he met comedian [[Lenny Bruce]], whose daughter Kitty Bruce would act in Hill's 1975 film ''[[Switchblade Sisters]]''.<ref name=waddell-p8 /> He went on to postgraduate studies at [[UCLA Film School]], where instructor and former movie director [[Dorothy Arzner]] encouraged Hill and his classmate and friend [[Francis Ford Coppola]]. Hill worked as a cameraman, a sound recorder (including on Coppola's student short ''Ayamonn the Terrible''), and an editor on student films.<ref name=waddell-p8 /> His short ''The Host'' starred [[Sid Haig]], an acting student at the [[Pasadena Playhouse]] under teacher Arzner, who introduced them;<ref name=waddell-p8 /> this marked the first of several films together. |
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[[de:Jack Hill]] |
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[[it:Jack Hill]] |
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==Career== |
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{{US-film-director-stub}} |
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{{expand section|date=November 2014}} |
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Hill went on to work with Coppola on several of Coppola's early movies, including producer [[Roger Corman]]'s 1963 movie ''[[The Terror (1963 film)|The Terror]]''.<ref name=seattletimes /> He added 20 minutes to 1960's ''[[The Wasp Woman|Wasp Woman]]'' for its eventual [[television syndication]] release, shooting without access to any original cast-member.<ref name=seattletimes /> |
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==Legacy== |
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[[Quentin Tarantino]]'s company [[Rolling Thunder Pictures]] re-released ''[[Switchblade Sisters]]'' theatrically in 1996.<ref name=seattletimes>{{cite news | url = https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19960620/2335436/not-yet-over-the-hill | title=Not Yet Over The Hill -- Director of Campy 'Sisters' in Comeback| first= John | last= Hartl | work=[[The Seattle Times]] | date=June 20, 1996 | access-date=November 1, 2014 | archive-date= November 1, 2014| url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141101154926/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960620&slug=2335436}}</ref> In the introduction to the film's DVD release, Tarantino calls Hill " “the Howard Hawks of exploitation filmmaking”.<ref>Waddell, p. 2</ref> |
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Hill's discoveries include [[Pam Grier]], who starred in four of his films from ''[[The Big Doll House]]'' through ''[[Foxy Brown (film)|Foxy Brown]]''; [[Sid Haig]], who acts in most of Hill's films, beginning with ''[[Spider Baby]]''; and [[Ellen Burstyn]], who starred in ''[[Pit Stop (1969 film)|Pit Stop]]''. |
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His student film ''The Host'' was a partial influence on former classmate [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s ''[[Apocalypse Now]]''.<ref name=lincolncenter /><ref name=seattletimes /> Hill recalled in a 2000s interview that when he made ''The Host'', |
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{{blockquote|I had been reading [[James Frazer]] ... and I had enjoyed his best-known book, ''[[The Golden Bough]]''; in fact, my writing teacher said of 'The Host', “This is the story that Frazer forgot to tell.” It was influenced by his writing and if you see ''Apocalypse Now'' and look at the very last act of the movie, the camera explores Kurtz’s hideaway and you see a stack of books on his shelf. Very prominently featured there is ''The Golden Bough.'' When I saw the movie, my jaw dropped because Francis knew very well that my story was adapted from that. ... The third act [of ''Apocalypse Now''] didn’t work but that was mine—that was my story [laughs]. ... [[John Milius]] wrote the script and Francis thought it was great but he did not like the ending. In fact, he didn’t come up with the right ending until he was over in the Philippines shooting it. So he knew my student film very well and I got this straight from Steve Burum, who ... was my cameraman on ''The Host'' and he was the [[second unit]] cameraman on ''Apocalypse Now'' and he said, 'We were all laughing and saying that we were doing Jack Hill’s student film.'<ref>Waddell, pp. 9-10</ref>}} |
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Film scholar [[Wheeler Winston Dixon]] believed that for Hill and fellow low-budget auteur [[Monte Hellman]], film was primarily a means of personal expression while remaining a "deeply financially dependent medium". Dixon wrote that Hill and Hellman's movies often were sufficiently successful while remaining true to their personal vision.<ref>{{cite book| author-link=Wheeler Winston Dixon| first=Wheeler Winston |last=Dixon| publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] | year= 2007| title= Film Talk: Directors at Work| page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=bgXQ7qaC7nYC&dq=%22For+Jack+Hill+and+Monte+Hellman%22&pg=PR11 xi, Introduction] |isbn= 978-0-8135-4077-1}}</ref> |
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==Archive== |
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The moving image collection of Jack Hill is held at the Academy Film Archive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Hill Collection|url=http://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/jack-hill-collection-0|website=Academy Film Archive}}</ref> The Academy Film Archive preserved ''Spider Baby'' in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Preserved Projects|url=http://www.oscars.org/academy-film-archive/preserved-projects?title=&filmmaker=jack+hill&category=All&collection=All|website=Academy Film Archive}}</ref> |
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== Filmography == |
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Film crew |
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*''[[Battle Beyond the Sun]]'' (1962) - additional cinematography |
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* ''[[The Wasp Woman]]'' (1962) (uncredited) - 20-minute introduction for TV syndication, shot in 1962<ref>Waddell, p.11</ref> |
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* ''[[The Bellboy and the Playgirls]]'' (1963) - editor |
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* ''[[The Terror (1963 film)|The Terror]]'' (1963) - uncredited director and co-writer |
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* ''[[City on Fire (1979 film)|City on Fire]]'' (1979) - writer |
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* ''[[Death Ship (1980 film)|Death Ship]]'' (1980) - writer |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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As director |
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* ''The Host'' (short; made 1960-61) - director<ref>Waddell, p. 9, which notes "The Host" received a public release in 2000 as an extra on the ''[[Switchblade Sisters]]'' DVD, with new titles, sound recording and music. Waddell calls "The Host" a 1961 film on page 9, but then asks, "Why was 'The Host' not finished back in 1960?" on page 10.</ref> |
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* ''[[Mondo Keyhole]]'' (1966) - director |
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* ''[[Blood Bath]]'' (a.k.a. ''Track of the Vampire'') (1966) - co-director |
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* ''[[Spider Baby]]'' (a.k.a. ''The Maddest Story Ever Told'') (1967) - writer, director |
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* ''[[House of Evil]]'' (1968) (US scenes) - director |
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* ''[[Fear Chamber]]'' (1968) (US scenes) - director |
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* ''[[Pit Stop (1969 film)|Pit Stop]]'' (1969) - director |
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* ''Ich, ein Groupie'' (a.k.a. ''Higher and Higher'') (1970) (uncredited) - co-director{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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* ''[[Isle of the Snake People|The Snake People]]'' (1971) (US scenes) - director |
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* ''[[The Incredible Invasion]]'' (a.k.a. ''Alien Terror'') (1971) (US scenes) - director |
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* ''[[The Big Doll House]]'' (1971) - director |
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* ''[[The Big Bird Cage]]'' (1972) - director |
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* ''[[Coffy]]'' (1973) - writer, director |
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* ''[[Foxy Brown (film)|Foxy Brown]]'' (1974) - director |
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* ''[[The Swinging Cheerleaders]]'' (1974) - writer, director |
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* ''[[Switchblade Sisters]]'' (1975) - writer, director |
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* ''[[Sorceress (1982 film)|Sorceress]]'' (1982) - writer, director (as Brian Stuart) |
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{{div col end}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{IMDb name|384335}} |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090213155210/http://www.cultreviews.com/video/jack-hill-interview/ Interview with Jack Hill] |
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{{Jack Hill}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hill, Jack}} |
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[[Category:1933 births]] |
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<!--[[Category:Jersey Village High School alumni]]--> |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:Girls with guns films]] |
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<!--[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni]] |
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[[Category:UCLA Film School alumni]]--> |
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[[Category:Film directors from Texas]] |
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[[Category:Blaxploitation film directors]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:20, 13 November 2024
Jack Hill | |
|---|---|
 Hill in the editing room during production of Pit Stop in 1968 | |
| Born | January 28, 1933 Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Education | UCLA |
| Occupation | Film director |
| Years active | 1960–82 |
| Notable work | The Big Bird Cage (1972) Coffy (1973) Foxy Brown (1974) |
Jack Hill (born January 28, 1933) is an American film director in the exploitation film genre. Several of Hill's later films have been characterized as feminist works.[1][2]
Early life
[edit]Hill was born January 28, 1933, in Los Angeles, California.[3][4] His mother, Mildred (née Pannill, b. February 1, 1907; death date n.a.),[5] was a music teacher.[6] His father, Roland Everett Hill (February 5, 1895 – November 10, 1986),[7] worked as a set designer and art director for First National Pictures and Warner Bros.[6] on films including The Jazz Singer, Captain Blood, Action in the North Atlantic, and Captain Horatio Hornblower, and as well was an architect who designed the centerpiece Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland in California.[8]
Hill attended UCLA, which he attended, he said, for "a couple of years" before leaving to get married and then returning to earn a degree in music.[9] While a student, he played in a symphony orchestra that performed for the soundtracks of Doctor Zhivago and The Brothers Karamazov, and he arranged music for burlesque performers; through this he met comedian Lenny Bruce, whose daughter Kitty Bruce would act in Hill's 1975 film Switchblade Sisters.[9] He went on to postgraduate studies at UCLA Film School, where instructor and former movie director Dorothy Arzner encouraged Hill and his classmate and friend Francis Ford Coppola. Hill worked as a cameraman, a sound recorder (including on Coppola's student short Ayamonn the Terrible), and an editor on student films.[9] His short The Host starred Sid Haig, an acting student at the Pasadena Playhouse under teacher Arzner, who introduced them;[9] this marked the first of several films together.
Career
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2014) |
Hill went on to work with Coppola on several of Coppola's early movies, including producer Roger Corman's 1963 movie The Terror.[10] He added 20 minutes to 1960's Wasp Woman for its eventual television syndication release, shooting without access to any original cast-member.[10]
Legacy
[edit]Quentin Tarantino's company Rolling Thunder Pictures re-released Switchblade Sisters theatrically in 1996.[10] In the introduction to the film's DVD release, Tarantino calls Hill " “the Howard Hawks of exploitation filmmaking”.[11]
Hill's discoveries include Pam Grier, who starred in four of his films from The Big Doll House through Foxy Brown; Sid Haig, who acts in most of Hill's films, beginning with Spider Baby; and Ellen Burstyn, who starred in Pit Stop.
His student film The Host was a partial influence on former classmate Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now.[3][10] Hill recalled in a 2000s interview that when he made The Host,
I had been reading James Frazer ... and I had enjoyed his best-known book, The Golden Bough; in fact, my writing teacher said of 'The Host', “This is the story that Frazer forgot to tell.” It was influenced by his writing and if you see Apocalypse Now and look at the very last act of the movie, the camera explores Kurtz’s hideaway and you see a stack of books on his shelf. Very prominently featured there is The Golden Bough. When I saw the movie, my jaw dropped because Francis knew very well that my story was adapted from that. ... The third act [of Apocalypse Now] didn’t work but that was mine—that was my story [laughs]. ... John Milius wrote the script and Francis thought it was great but he did not like the ending. In fact, he didn’t come up with the right ending until he was over in the Philippines shooting it. So he knew my student film very well and I got this straight from Steve Burum, who ... was my cameraman on The Host and he was the second unit cameraman on Apocalypse Now and he said, 'We were all laughing and saying that we were doing Jack Hill’s student film.'[12]
Film scholar Wheeler Winston Dixon believed that for Hill and fellow low-budget auteur Monte Hellman, film was primarily a means of personal expression while remaining a "deeply financially dependent medium". Dixon wrote that Hill and Hellman's movies often were sufficiently successful while remaining true to their personal vision.[13]
Archive
[edit]The moving image collection of Jack Hill is held at the Academy Film Archive.[14] The Academy Film Archive preserved Spider Baby in 2013.[15]
Filmography
[edit]Film crew
- Battle Beyond the Sun (1962) - additional cinematography
- The Wasp Woman (1962) (uncredited) - 20-minute introduction for TV syndication, shot in 1962[16]
- The Bellboy and the Playgirls (1963) - editor
- The Terror (1963) - uncredited director and co-writer
- City on Fire (1979) - writer
- Death Ship (1980) - writer
As director
- The Host (short; made 1960-61) - director[17]
- Mondo Keyhole (1966) - director
- Blood Bath (a.k.a. Track of the Vampire) (1966) - co-director
- Spider Baby (a.k.a. The Maddest Story Ever Told) (1967) - writer, director
- House of Evil (1968) (US scenes) - director
- Fear Chamber (1968) (US scenes) - director
- Pit Stop (1969) - director
- Ich, ein Groupie (a.k.a. Higher and Higher) (1970) (uncredited) - co-director[citation needed]
- The Snake People (1971) (US scenes) - director
- The Incredible Invasion (a.k.a. Alien Terror) (1971) (US scenes) - director
- The Big Doll House (1971) - director
- The Big Bird Cage (1972) - director
- Coffy (1973) - writer, director
- Foxy Brown (1974) - director
- The Swinging Cheerleaders (1974) - writer, director
- Switchblade Sisters (1975) - writer, director
- Sorceress (1982) - writer, director (as Brian Stuart)
References
[edit]- ^ Freeman, Sara (Spring 2013). "A Top Ten of Feminist-Minded Films". Sadie Magazine. Archived from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
- ^ Renshaw, Jerry (December 29, 1997). "Foxy Brown: Directed by Jack Hill". (review) Filmvault.com (The Austin Chronicle). Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
- ^ a b "Jack Hill". Film Society of Lincoln Center. n.d. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ Knight, Gladys L. (2010). Female Action Heroes: A Guide to Women in Comics, Video Games, Film, and Television. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780313376122.
- ^ Stone, Frank Bush, compiler. "Mildred Pannill". The Family History of James Ball, Senior. (Manuscript; Summit, NJ: Frank Bush Stone, June 2, 1995) via New England Ball Project. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Jack Hill interview, "Confessions of a B-Movie King". LowCut Magazine. n.d. Archived from the original on September 4, 2004. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
My father Roland Hill went to work as a set designer for First National Studios [sic] around 1925 and stayed on when it became Warner Bros. He later became an art director there, specializing in period architecture and ships. ...My mother is now 94 years old and has about 50 students on violin and piano.
- ^ Stone (1995), "Roland Everett Hill". Retrieved November 1, 2014. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014.
- ^ "Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the Roland E. Hill House" (PDF). Los Angeles Department of City Planning. January 24, 2008. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
The proposed Roland E. Hill House historic monument was designed by its original owner, architect Roland E. Hill ... [who] worked as a set designer and art director for the film industry.... Hill also designed attractions for Disneyland in Anaheim, CA, designing the iconic Sleeping Beauty Castle, the centerpiece of the theme park.
- ^ a b c d Waddell, Calum (2009). Jack Hill: The Exploitation and Blaxploitation Master, Film by Film. McFarland & Company. p. 8. ISBN 978-0786436095.
- ^ a b c d Hartl, John (June 20, 1996). "Not Yet Over The Hill -- Director of Campy 'Sisters' in Comeback". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ Waddell, p. 2
- ^ Waddell, pp. 9-10
- ^ Dixon, Wheeler Winston (2007). Film Talk: Directors at Work. Rutgers University Press. p. xi, Introduction. ISBN 978-0-8135-4077-1.
- ^ "Jack Hill Collection". Academy Film Archive.
- ^ "Preserved Projects". Academy Film Archive.
- ^ Waddell, p.11
- ^ Waddell, p. 9, which notes "The Host" received a public release in 2000 as an extra on the Switchblade Sisters DVD, with new titles, sound recording and music. Waddell calls "The Host" a 1961 film on page 9, but then asks, "Why was 'The Host' not finished back in 1960?" on page 10.
