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[[File:2017 Stratton Student Center (MIT Building W20), 84 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1.jpg|alt=Eduardo Catalano: MIT Stratton Student Center, 1963, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts|thumb|325px|Eduardo Catalano: MIT Stratton Student Center, 1968, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
[[File:2017 Stratton Student Center (MIT Building W20), 84 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1.jpg|alt=Eduardo Catalano: MIT Stratton Student Center, 1963, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts|thumb|325px|Eduardo Catalano: MIT Stratton Student Center, 1968, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts]]


'''Eduardo Fernando Catalano''' (December 19, 1917 – January 28, 2010) was an [[Argentina|Argentine]] architect.
'''Eduardo Fernando Catalano''' (December 19, 1917 – January 28, 2010) was an Argentine architect.


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Born in [[Buenos Aires]], Catalano went to the [[United States]] on a scholarship to the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and [[Harvard Graduate School of Design]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/15/eduardo-catalano-obituary obituary]</ref> In 1945, after earning his second master's degree in architecture returned to Buenos Aires where he taught at the University of Buenos Aires and ran a private practice. Catalano then taught at the [[Architectural Association]] in London from 1950 to 1951, when he came back to the United States as a Professor of Architecture at the School of Design in Raleigh, [[North Carolina State University]]. In 1956 he began teaching in the graduate program for [[MIT]], until 1977, when he moved on "to discover and participate in other endeavors as rewarding as teaching".<ref name="Catalano, E pages 7">Catalano, E: "Eduardo Catalano", pages 7&ndash;10. Officina Edizioni, 1978</ref>
Born in [[Buenos Aires]], Catalano went to the United States on a scholarship to the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and [[Harvard Graduate School of Design]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eduardo Catalano obituary |date=2010-02-15 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101085125/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/15/eduardo-catalano-obituary |archive-date=2023-01-01 |url-status=live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/15/eduardo-catalano-obituary}}</ref> In 1945, after earning his second master's degree in architecture returned to Buenos Aires where he taught at the University of Buenos Aires and ran a private practice. Catalano then taught at the [[Architectural Association]] in London from 1950 to 1951, when he came back to the United States as a Professor of Architecture at the School of Design in Raleigh, [[North Carolina State University]]. In 1956 he began teaching in the graduate program for [[MIT]], until 1977, when he moved on "to discover and participate in other endeavors as rewarding as teaching".<ref name="Catalano, E pages 7">Catalano, E: "Eduardo Catalano", pages 7&ndash;10. Officina Edizioni, 1978</ref>


Catalano had an "understanding of the indivisible relationship between space and structure", which earned him praise from [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], who wrote to ''House and Home'' magazine when he saw the publishing of the "Raleigh House" AKA the [[Catalano House]] to say "It is refreshing to see that the shelter, which is the most important element in domestic [[architecture]], has been so imaginatively and skillfully treated as in the house by Eduardo Catalano".<ref name="Catalano, E pages 7"/> Catalano sold the house when he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to teach at MIT. Years of neglect at the end of the 20th century culminated in the house's demolition in 2001.<ref>[http://www.jetsetmodern.com/catalano.htm Jetset &ndash; Designs for Modern Living: Catalano House &ndash; Destroyed Forever<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106100500/http://www.jetsetmodern.com/catalano.htm |date=2012-01-06 }}</ref>
Catalano had an "understanding of the indivisible relationship between space and structure", which earned him praise from [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], who wrote to ''House and Home'' magazine when he saw the publishing of the "Raleigh House" AKA the [[Catalano House]] to say "It is refreshing to see that the shelter, which is the most important element in domestic architecture, has been so imaginatively and skillfully treated as in the house by Eduardo Catalano".<ref name="Catalano, E pages 7"/> Catalano sold the house when he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to teach at MIT. Years of neglect at the end of the 20th century culminated in the house's demolition in 2001.<ref>[http://www.jetsetmodern.com/catalano.htm Jetset &ndash; Designs for Modern Living: Catalano House &ndash; Destroyed Forever<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106100500/http://www.jetsetmodern.com/catalano.htm |date=2012-01-06 }}</ref>


Other buildings designed by Catalano include the US embassies in Buenos Aires, Argentina and in [[Pretoria]], [[South Africa]], the [[Juilliard School of Music]] at New York City's [[Lincoln Center]], Guilford County Courthouse in [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], [[North Carolina]], and the Stratton Student Center at [[MIT]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. (Catalano designed the Guilford County-Greensboro Government Center, not to be confused with the Guilford County Courthouse, designed by [[Harry Barton (architect)|Harry Barton]] from 1918 to 1920.)
Other buildings designed by Catalano include the US embassies in Buenos Aires, Argentina and in [[Pretoria]], South Africa, the [[Juilliard School of Music]] at New York City's [[Lincoln Center]], Guilford County Courthouse in [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], [[North Carolina]], and the Stratton Student Center at [[MIT]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. (Catalano designed the Guilford County-Greensboro Government Center, not to be confused with the Guilford County Courthouse, designed by [[Harry Barton (architect)|Harry Barton]] from 1918 to 1920.)


The [[Catalano House]], built in 1954 and which Catalano is best known for, was designed using a [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213051924/http://www.paisajismoargentino.com/proyectos/3.htm hyperbolic paraboloid roof.] Here is a picture of the original [https://web.archive.org/web/20070705212651/http://ncsudesign.org/PDFs/house_large.pdf House.] The roof of the house, a curved structure that is built from straight elements (tongue and groove boarding) evolved from his studies on geometric and structural properties of hyperbolic paraboloids. These studies, which included testing of new materials like aluminum and thin-shell concrete, were published by the University of North Carolina in ''Structures of Warped Surface.''
The [[Catalano House]], built in 1954 and which Catalano is best known for, was designed using a hyperbolic paraboloid roof. Here is a picture of the original [https://web.archive.org/web/20070705212651/http://ncsudesign.org/PDFs/house_large.pdf House.] The roof of the house, a curved structure that is built from straight elements (tongue and groove boarding) evolved from his studies on geometric and structural properties of hyperbolic paraboloids. These studies, which included testing of new materials like aluminum and thin-shell concrete, were published by the University of North Carolina in ''Structures of Warped Surface.''


Eduardo Catalano also created the environmental kinetic sculpture ''[[Floralis Genérica]]'' in [[Palermo, Buenos Aires|Palermo]], [[Buenos Aires]].
Eduardo Catalano also created the environmental kinetic sculpture ''[[Floralis Genérica]]'' in [[Palermo, Buenos Aires|Palermo]], Buenos Aires.


==Architectural Works==
==Architectural works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|+
! Year !! Building !! Address !! City !! State !! Notes !! Image !! Reference
! Year !! Building !! Address !! City !! State !! Notes !! Image !! Reference
|-
|1948
|[[Ariston Club]]
|
|[[Mar del Plata]]
|[[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] (Argentina)
|In association with [[Marcel Breuer]] and Carlos Coire
|[[File:Parador Ariston.jpg|100x100px]]
|<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |date=July 1948 |title=A beach club to sell a view |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/ext/resources/archives/backissues/1948-07.pdf?-678571200 |format=PDF |journal=[[Architectural Record]] |pages=134–139 |issn=0003-858X}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=April 1948 |title=Parador Ariston |url=https://biblioteca.fadu.uba.ar/tiki/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=2323 |format=PDF |journal=Nuestra Arquitectura |language=es-419 |location=Buenos Aires |issue=224}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 1953 || House for B. Richard Jackson || 1317 Westfield Ave || [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] || [[North Carolina]] || <!--Notes--> || <!--Image--> || <ref name="NCSU">"[https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/findingaids/mc00625 Eduardo Catalano Papers 1940-2017]", https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/, North Carolina State University Libraries, n.d.</ref>
| 1953 || House for B. Richard Jackson || 1317 Westfield Ave || [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] || [[North Carolina]] || <!--Notes--> || <!--Image--> || <ref name="NCSU">"[https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/findingaids/mc00625 Eduardo Catalano Papers 1940-2017]", https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/, North Carolina State University Libraries, n.d.</ref>
Line 33: Line 42:
| 1961 || Technology Square || Technology Sq || [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] || [[Massachusetts]] || In association with consulting architect [[Pietro Belluschi]]. || <!--Image--> || <ref name="Clausen"/>
| 1961 || Technology Square || Technology Sq || [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] || [[Massachusetts]] || In association with consulting architect [[Pietro Belluschi]]. || <!--Image--> || <ref name="Clausen"/>
|-
|-
| 1962 || Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences,<br>[[University of Buenos Aires]] || <!--Address--> || [[Buenos Aires]] || [[Argentina]] || In association with architect [[Horacio Caminos]]. || [[File:Buenos Aires - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Emanuel"/>
| 1962 || [[Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences]],<br>[[University of Buenos Aires]] || [[Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires|Ciudad Universitaria]] || [[Buenos Aires]] || [[Argentina]] || In association with architect [[Horacio Caminos]]. || [[File:Buenos Aires - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Emanuel"/>
|-
|-
| 1963 || Grover M. Hermann Building,<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] || 30 Wadsworth St || [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] || [[Massachusetts]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Dewey Library, MIT - Cambridge, MA - DSC05647.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Simha"/>
| 1963 || Grover M. Hermann Building,<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] || 30 Wadsworth St || [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] || [[Massachusetts]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Dewey Library, MIT - Cambridge, MA - DSC05647.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Simha"/>
Line 39: Line 48:
| 1965 || Eastgate,<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] || 60 Wadsworth St || [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] || [[Massachusetts]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Eastgate, MIT - Cambridge, MA - DSC05641.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Emanuel"/>
| 1965 || Eastgate,<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] || 60 Wadsworth St || [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] || [[Massachusetts]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Eastgate, MIT - Cambridge, MA - DSC05641.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Emanuel"/>
|-
|-
| 1965 || Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism,<br>[[University of Buenos Aires]] || <!--Address--> || [[Buenos Aires]] || [[Argentina]] || In association with architect [[Horacio Caminos]]. || [[File:Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Emanuel"/>
| 1965 || [[Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism, University of Buenos Aires|Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism]],<br>[[University of Buenos Aires]] || [[Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires|Ciudad Universitaria]] || [[Buenos Aires]] || [[Argentina]] || In association with architect [[Horacio Caminos]]. || [[File:Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Emanuel"/>
|-
|-
| 1966 || Tower Square || 1500 Main St || [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] || [[Massachusetts]] || In association with consulting architect [[Pietro Belluschi]]. || [[File:Tower Square (BayState West, MassMutual Tower), Springfield, Massachusetts.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Clausen"/>
| 1966 || Tower Square || 1500 Main St || [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] || [[Massachusetts]] || In association with consulting architect [[Pietro Belluschi]]. || [[File:Tower Square (BayState West, MassMutual Tower), Springfield, Massachusetts.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Clausen"/>
Line 53: Line 62:
| 1970 || Embassy of the United States || Av Colombia 4300 || [[Buenos Aires]] || [[Argentina]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Oficinas de la Embajada de Estados Unidos en Buenos Aires.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Loeffler">Jane C. Loeffler, ''The Architecture of Diplomacy: Building America's Embassies'' (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998)</ref>
| 1970 || Embassy of the United States || Av Colombia 4300 || [[Buenos Aires]] || [[Argentina]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Oficinas de la Embajada de Estados Unidos en Buenos Aires.jpg|100px]] || <ref name="Loeffler">Jane C. Loeffler, ''The Architecture of Diplomacy: Building America's Embassies'' (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998)</ref>
|-
|-
| 1970 || Gorton Corporation Headquarters || 128 Rogers St || [[Gloucester, Massachusetts|Gloucester]] || [[Massachusetts]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Gorton's, 128 Rogers Street, Gloucester MA.jpg|100px]] || <ref>"[http://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=GLO.1795 GLO.1795]", mhc-macris.net, Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.</ref>
| 1970 || Gorton Corporation Headquarters || 128 Rogers St || [[Gloucester, Massachusetts|Gloucester]] || [[Massachusetts]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Gorton's, 128 Rogers Street, Gloucester MA.jpg|100px]] || <ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=glo.1795 GLO.1795]", mhc-macris.net, Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.</ref>
|-
|-
| 1970 || Guilford County-Greensboro Government Center || 201 S Eugene St || [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]] || [[North Carolina]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Guilford County Courthouse County of Guilford Greensboro, NC - panoramio.jpg|100px]] || <ref>"[http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/n/north-carolina/guilford-county/ Guilford County]", http://www.courthouses.co/, American Courthouses, n.d.</ref>
| 1970 || Guilford County-Greensboro Government Center || 201 S Eugene St || [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]] || [[North Carolina]] || <!--Notes--> || [[File:Guilford County Courthouse County of Guilford Greensboro, NC - panoramio.jpg|100px]] || <ref>"[http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/n/north-carolina/guilford-county/ Guilford County]", http://www.courthouses.co/, American Courthouses, n.d.</ref>
Line 74: Line 83:


==Publications==
==Publications==
*Gubitosi, Camillo, and Izzo, Alberto, ''Eduardo Catalano - buildings and projects, Catalogue of the Exhihibition held in Naples'', 1978.
*Gubitosi, Camillo, and Izzo, Alberto, ''Eduardo Catalano - buildings and projects, Catalogue of the Exhibition held in Naples'', 1978.
*Catalano, Eduardo. ''Structure and Geometry'', Cambridge Architectural Press, 1986.
*Catalano, Eduardo. ''Structure and Geometry'', Cambridge Architectural Press, 1986.
*Catalano, Eduardo. ''the constant - dialogues on architecture in black and white'', Cambridge Architectural Press, 2000.
*Catalano, Eduardo. ''the constant - dialogues on architecture in black and white'', Cambridge Architectural Press, 2000.
Line 96: Line 105:
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Argentine architects]]
[[Category:Architects from Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:MIT School of Architecture and Planning faculty]]
[[Category:MIT School of Architecture and Planning faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Buenos Aires]]

Latest revision as of 12:50, 1 January 2025

Eduardo Catalano: MIT Stratton Student Center, 1963, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Eduardo Catalano: MIT Stratton Student Center, 1968, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Eduardo Fernando Catalano (December 19, 1917 – January 28, 2010) was an Argentine architect.

Life and career

[edit]

Born in Buenos Aires, Catalano went to the United States on a scholarship to the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard Graduate School of Design.[1] In 1945, after earning his second master's degree in architecture returned to Buenos Aires where he taught at the University of Buenos Aires and ran a private practice. Catalano then taught at the Architectural Association in London from 1950 to 1951, when he came back to the United States as a Professor of Architecture at the School of Design in Raleigh, North Carolina State University. In 1956 he began teaching in the graduate program for MIT, until 1977, when he moved on "to discover and participate in other endeavors as rewarding as teaching".[2]

Catalano had an "understanding of the indivisible relationship between space and structure", which earned him praise from Frank Lloyd Wright, who wrote to House and Home magazine when he saw the publishing of the "Raleigh House" AKA the Catalano House to say "It is refreshing to see that the shelter, which is the most important element in domestic architecture, has been so imaginatively and skillfully treated as in the house by Eduardo Catalano".[2] Catalano sold the house when he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to teach at MIT. Years of neglect at the end of the 20th century culminated in the house's demolition in 2001.[3]

Other buildings designed by Catalano include the US embassies in Buenos Aires, Argentina and in Pretoria, South Africa, the Juilliard School of Music at New York City's Lincoln Center, Guilford County Courthouse in Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Stratton Student Center at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. (Catalano designed the Guilford County-Greensboro Government Center, not to be confused with the Guilford County Courthouse, designed by Harry Barton from 1918 to 1920.)

The Catalano House, built in 1954 and which Catalano is best known for, was designed using a hyperbolic paraboloid roof. Here is a picture of the original House. The roof of the house, a curved structure that is built from straight elements (tongue and groove boarding) evolved from his studies on geometric and structural properties of hyperbolic paraboloids. These studies, which included testing of new materials like aluminum and thin-shell concrete, were published by the University of North Carolina in Structures of Warped Surface.

Eduardo Catalano also created the environmental kinetic sculpture Floralis Genérica in Palermo, Buenos Aires.

Architectural works

[edit]
Year Building Address City State Notes Image Reference
1948 Ariston Club Mar del Plata Buenos Aires (Argentina) In association with Marcel Breuer and Carlos Coire [4][5]
1953 House for B. Richard Jackson 1317 Westfield Ave Raleigh North Carolina [6]
1954 House for Eduardo Catalano Raleigh North Carolina Sold by Catalano in 1957, and ultimately demolished in 2001. [7]
1958 Juilliard School of Music 60 Lincoln Center Plaza New York New York In association with consulting architect Pietro Belluschi and supervising architect Helge Westermann. Remodeled in 2009 under the direction of Diller Scofidio + Renfro and FXFOWLE.[8] [9]
1960 Burton-Conner House,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology		 410 Memorial Dr Cambridge Massachusetts Addition of the Porter Room, a student commons, to a preexisting apartment building. [10]
1961 Julius Adams Stratton Building,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology		 84 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge Massachusetts [10]
1961 Technology Square Technology Sq Cambridge Massachusetts In association with consulting architect Pietro Belluschi. [9]
1962 Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences,
University of Buenos Aires		 Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina In association with architect Horacio Caminos. [7]
1963 Grover M. Hermann Building,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology		 30 Wadsworth St Cambridge Massachusetts [10]
1965 Eastgate,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology		 60 Wadsworth St Cambridge Massachusetts [7]
1965 Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism,
University of Buenos Aires		 Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina In association with architect Horacio Caminos. [7]
1966 Tower Square 1500 Main St Springfield Massachusetts In association with consulting architect Pietro Belluschi. [9]
1966 Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School 100 Amsterdam Ave New York New York In association with consulting architect Pietro Belluschi and supervising architect Helge Westermann. [9]
1967 Central Plaza 675 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge Massachusetts [11]
1968 Springfield Civic Center 1277 Main St Springfield Massachusetts In association with consulting architect Pietro Belluschi. Remodeled in 2003 and renamed the MassMutual Center. [9]
1969 Boston Public Library, Charlestown Branch 179 Main St Boston Massachusetts [7]
1970 Embassy of the United States Av Colombia 4300 Buenos Aires Argentina [12]
1970 Gorton Corporation Headquarters 128 Rogers St Gloucester Massachusetts [13]
1970 Guilford County-Greensboro Government Center 201 S Eugene St Greensboro North Carolina [14]
1971 Hampden County Hall of Justice 50 State St Springfield Massachusetts Now known as the Roderick L. Ireland Courthouse. [15]
1972 One Washington Mall 1 Washington St Boston Massachusetts [11]
1975 Cumberland County Civic Center 1 Civic Center Sq Portland Maine Now known as the Cross Insurance Arena. [7]
1977 Additions to Cambridge Rindge and Latin School 459 Broadway Cambridge Massachusetts Addition of wing along Cambridge Street. [11]
1980 House for Eduardo Catalano 44 Grozier Rd Cambridge Massachusetts [6]
1982 Embassy of the United States Pretoria South Africa [12]
2002 Floralis Genérica,
Plaza de las Naciones Unidas		 Buenos Aires Argentina

Publications

[edit]
  • Gubitosi, Camillo, and Izzo, Alberto, Eduardo Catalano - buildings and projects, Catalogue of the Exhibition held in Naples, 1978.
  • Catalano, Eduardo. Structure and Geometry, Cambridge Architectural Press, 1986.
  • Catalano, Eduardo. the constant - dialogues on architecture in black and white, Cambridge Architectural Press, 2000.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Eduardo Catalano obituary". The Guardian. 2010-02-15. Archived from the original on 2023-01-01.
  2. ^ a b Catalano, E: "Eduardo Catalano", pages 7–10. Officina Edizioni, 1978
  3. ^ Jetset – Designs for Modern Living: Catalano House – Destroyed Forever Archived 2012-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "A beach club to sell a view" (PDF). Architectural Record: 134–139. July 1948. ISSN 0003-858X.
  5. ^ "Parador Ariston" (PDF). Nuestra Arquitectura (in Latin American Spanish) (224). Buenos Aires. April 1948.
  6. ^ a b "Eduardo Catalano Papers 1940-2017", https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/, North Carolina State University Libraries, n.d.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "Catalano, Eduardo," Contemporary Architects, ed. Muriel Emanuel (London: Macmillan Press, 1980)
  8. ^ "Alice Tully Hall Lincoln Center", https://www.archdaily.com/, ArchDaily, June 22, 2009.
  9. ^ a b c d e Meredith L. Clausen, Pietro Belluschi: Modern American Architect (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994)
  10. ^ a b c O. Robert Simha, MIT Campus Planning, 1960-2000: An Annotated Chronology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001)
  11. ^ a b c Keith N. Morgan, Buildings of Massachusetts: Metropolitan Boston (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2009)
  12. ^ a b Jane C. Loeffler, The Architecture of Diplomacy: Building America's Embassies (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998)
  13. ^ "GLO.1795", mhc-macris.net, Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.
  14. ^ "Guilford County", http://www.courthouses.co/, American Courthouses, n.d.
  15. ^ "Hampden County", http://www.courthouses.co/, American Courthouses, n.d.
[edit]
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