Jump to content

GKN Simba: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Not in citation
 
(43 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{About|the military vehicle||Simba (disambiguation)}}
{{About|the military vehicle||Simba (disambiguation)}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name=GKN Simba
|name=GKN Simba
| image= A GKN Simba of the Philippine Army, 8 December 2013.jpg
| image= File:PA Simba APC.jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_size = 300
|caption = A GKN Simba in a live public exhibition.
|caption = GKN Simba "Cebu"
|origin= [[United Kingdom]]
|origin= United Kingdom
|type=[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
|type=[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->
Line 25: Line 25:
|manufacturer=[[GKN]]
|manufacturer=[[GKN]]
|production_date= 1993-1997
|production_date= 1993-1997
|number=152 (2003)<ref name="FIR">{{cite web|url=https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_pdf.cfm?DACH_RECNO=424 |title=Forecast |publisher=www.forecastinternational.com |date= |accessdate=2020-03-08}}</ref>
|number=152 (2003)<ref name="FIR">{{cite web|url=https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_pdf.cfm?DACH_RECNO=424 |title=Forecast |publisher=www.forecastinternational.com |access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref>
|variants= See ''[[GKN Simba#Variants]]''
|variants= See ''[[GKN Simba#Variants|Variants]]''
<!-- General specifications -->
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight=11.2 - 11.9 tons (Depending on role)
|weight=11.2 - 11.9 tons (Depending on role)
Line 75: Line 75:
}}
}}


The '''Simba''' is a wheeled [[armoured personnel carrier]] designed by [[GKN|GKN Sankey]] (acquired since then by [[Alvis plc]] and now part of [[BAE Systems]])<ref name="GS">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/simba.htm|title=GKN Simba|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> and is currently in service with the [[Philippine Army]].<ref>{{cite book | title =Philippines Army Weapon Systems Handbook | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fol3VuSS9BkC&pg=PA52 | accessdate = 2013-03-14}}</ref>
The '''Simba''' is a wheeled [[armoured personnel carrier]] designed by [[GKN|GKN Sankey]].<ref name="GS">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/simba.htm|title=GKN Simba|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> It is currently in service with the [[Philippine Army]].<ref>{{cite book | title =Philippines Army Weapon Systems Handbook | date=May 2007 | publisher=International Business Publications, USA | isbn=9781433061981 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fol3VuSS9BkC&pg=PA52 | access-date = 2013-03-14}}</ref>


Any export sales are dormant as of 2020 since production for the Simba has ceased.<ref name="FIR"/>
Any export sales are dormant as of 2020 since production for the Simba has ceased.<ref name="FIR"/>


==History==
==History==
The Simba Light Combat Vehicle (LCV) was designed by [[GKN]] primarily for export market sales, originally meant to complement the GKN Saxon.<ref name="FIR"/> A prototype was first displayed in 1978 at the Aldershot Exhibition.<ref name="ARSimba">{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/simba_variants_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_fr/simba_gkn_defence_alvis_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_personnel_carrier_british_army_united_kingdom_techn.html |title=Simba GKN Defence Alvis wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier British army United Kingdom techn &#124; Simba variants wheeled armoured vehicle FR &#124; United Kingdom British army military equipment |publisher=Armyrecognition.com |date=2009-02-10 |accessdate=2020-03-08}}</ref> In June 1982, it was seen again with a 90mm Cockerill gun.<ref name="ARSimba"/>
The Simba Light Combat Vehicle (LCV) was designed by [[GKN]] primarily for export market sales, originally meant to complement the [[GKN Saxon]].<ref name="FIR"/> A prototype was first displayed in 1978 at the Aldershot Exhibition.<ref name="ARSimba">{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/simba_variants_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_fr/simba_gkn_defence_alvis_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_personnel_carrier_british_army_united_kingdom_techn.html |title=Simba GKN Defence Alvis wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier British army United Kingdom techn &#124; Simba variants wheeled armoured vehicle FR &#124; United Kingdom British army military equipment |publisher=Armyrecognition.com |date=2009-02-10 |access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref> In June 1982, it was seen again with a 90mm Cockerill gun.<ref name="ARSimba"/>


Trials in Fort Magsaysay where the Simba was tested against American, British, French and German armored vehicles as reported on January 19, 1990,<ref name="AWR">Manila's Blazing Lion of Iron, page 60, Asiaweek, January 19, 1990.</ref> it was selected by the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] which placed an initial order of 150 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/1/1393/s1.html|title=An Appraisal Of Technologies Of Political Control|accessdate=2009-04-12|date=1998-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020103433/http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/1/1393/s1.html|archivedate=2008-10-12}}</ref> On July 14, 1991, [[Malaya (newspaper)|Malaya]] reported that the acquisition was done at a cost of $USD54 million.<ref name="Malaya91">RP to acquire British Simba by Noel Bartolome, July 14, 1991, Malaya.</ref>
Trials in Fort Magsaysay where the Simba was tested against American, British, French and German armored vehicles as reported on January 19, 1990,<ref name="AWR">Manila's Blazing Lion of Iron, page 60, Asiaweek, January 19, 1990.</ref> it was selected by the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] which placed an initial order of 150 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/1/1393/s1.html|title=An Appraisal Of Technologies Of Political Control|access-date=2009-04-12|date=1998-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020103433/http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/1/1393/s1.html|archive-date=2008-10-20}}</ref> On July 14, 1991, the ''[[Malaya (newspaper)|Malaya]]'' reported that the acquisition was done at a cost of $USD54 million.<ref name="Malaya91">RP to acquire British Simba by Noel Bartolome, July 14, 1991, Malaya.</ref>


Of the 150 vehicles ordered, eight were delivered in complete kit form from GKN, two in knocked-down kit form and another two in kit form.<ref name="FIR"/> The remainder were later assembled in the [[Philippines]] in a facility owned by the joint venture company Asian Armoured Technologies Corporation in [[Subic Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2001/07/03/94009/kickbacks-negotiated-deals-mar-afp-procurement-setup|title=Kickbacks, negotiated deals mar AFP procurement setup|website=philstar.com}}</ref><ref name="FIR"/> The Simba was then valued at $USD360,000 each.<ref name="Malaya91"/>
Of the 150 vehicles ordered, eight were delivered in complete kit form from GKN, two in knocked-down kit form and another two in kit form.<ref name="FIR"/> The remainder were later assembled in the [[Philippines]] in a facility owned by the joint venture company Asian Armored Vehicle Technologies Corporation in [[Subic Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2001/07/03/94009/kickbacks-negotiated-deals-mar-afp-procurement-setup|title=Kickbacks, negotiated deals mar AFP procurement setup|website=philstar.com}}</ref><ref name="FIR"/> The Simba was then valued at $USD360,000 each.<ref name="Malaya91"/>


While the Philippiine Army adopted it, a small number was pressed into service with the Presidential Security Group.<ref name="GS"/> It's known to be used currently by the Army's Armor Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1080864|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308151918/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1080864|archivedate=2020-03-08|title=PH Armor Division showcases new capabilities, equipment &#124; Philippine News Agency|date=8 March 2020|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
While the Philippine Army adopted it, a small number was pressed into service with the [[Presidential Security Group]].<ref name="GS"/> It is known to be used currently by the Army's Armor Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1080864|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308151918/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1080864|archive-date=2020-03-08|title=PH Armor Division showcases new capabilities, equipment &#124; Philippine News Agency|website=Philippine News Agency |date=8 March 2020}}</ref>


The vehicle was proposed to the Malaysian Army, but they decided to adopt the SIBMAS instead.<ref name="GS"/>
The vehicle was proposed to the Malaysian Army, but they decided to adopt the much heavier, six-wheeled [[SIBMAS]] instead.<ref name="GS"/>


==Controversy==
==Controversy==
Line 96: Line 96:


==Design==
==Design==
[[File:9992Philippine Independence Day, Rizal Park 13.jpg|thumb|left|300px|A Simba’s open hatch.]]
[[File:9992Philippine Independence Day, Rizal Park 13.jpg|thumb|left|A Simba’s open hatch.]]


The driver is seated conventionally front-left with the Perkins deisel [[Powerpack (drivetrain)|powerpack]]<ref name="ARSimba"/> to his right and the troop compartment extending up to the rear of the vehicle.<ref name="FIR"/> The gearbox is a semi-automatic Clark 13.1 HR 28422, with four forward and two reverse gears.<ref name="ARSimba"/> This is combined with a transfer box which allows to go from 4 x 4 to 4 x 2.<ref name="ARSimba"/> Its LHD configuration is a sign that GKN has produced the vehicle with foreign exports in mind.<ref name="ARSimba"/>
The driver is seated conventionally front-left with the Perkins diesel [[Powerpack (drivetrain)|powerpack]]<ref name="ARSimba"/> to his right and the troop compartment extending up to the rear of the vehicle.<ref name="FIR"/> The gearbox is a semi-automatic Clark 13.1 HR 28422, with four forward and two reverse gears.<ref name="ARSimba"/> This is combined with a transfer box which allows to go from 4 x 4 to 4 x 2.<ref name="ARSimba"/> Its LHD configuration is a sign that GKN has produced the vehicle with foreign exports in mind.<ref name="ARSimba"/>


The troops on seats down either side can dismount the vehicle via large door in the rear or the door in the left side of the hull.<ref name="ARSimba"/> The driver and commander can dismount via the cupola hatch and the driver's side door. Around 10 persons are seated inside, although eight persons are an ideal load.<ref name="MT">{{cite web|author=ARG |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/simba.htm |title=Simba Armored Personnel Carrier |publisher=Military-Today.com |date= |accessdate=2020-03-08}}</ref>
The troops on seats down either side can dismount the vehicle via large door in the rear or the door in the left side of the hull.<ref name="ARSimba"/> The driver and commander can dismount via the cupola hatch and the driver's side door. Around 10 persons are seated inside, although eight persons are an ideal load.<ref name="MT">{{cite web|author=ARG |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/simba.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518164122/http://www.military-today.com/apc/simba.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 May 2007 |title=Simba Armored Personnel Carrier |publisher=Military-Today.com |access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref>


The vehicle usually has a one-man turret armed with a [[.50 BMG]] (12.7x99mm NATO) [[M2 Browning]] [[heavy machine gun]].<ref name="MT"/> Some vehicles were fitted with a one-person [[gun turret]] armed with a 25mm cannon and a co-axial 7.62mm [[General-purpose machine gun]].<ref name="MT"/> The turrets can be retrofitted with an automatic grenade launcher via pintle mount.<ref name="GS"/> The Simba was made by fabricated conventional steel alloy allor, meant to protect the occupants from 7.62mm ammo.<ref name="FIR"/>
The vehicle usually has a one-man turret armed with a [[.50 BMG]] (12.7x99mm NATO) [[M2 Browning]] [[heavy machine gun]].<ref name="MT"/> Some vehicles were fitted with a one-person [[gun turret]] armed with a 25mm cannon and a co-axial 7.62mm [[General-purpose machine gun]].<ref name="MT"/> The turrets can be retrofitted with an automatic grenade launcher via pintle mount.<ref name="GS"/> The Simba was made by fabricated conventional steel alloy allor, meant to protect the occupants from 7.62mm ammo.<ref name="FIR"/>


A wide range of optional equipment can be fitted to the vehicle including run flat tires, front-mounted [[winch]], heater/air-conditioning system, and various weapon systems.<ref name="FIR"/><ref name=""GKNSimbaJTCV">Foss, page. 326.</ref>
A wide range of optional equipment can be fitted to the vehicle including run flat tires, front-mounted [[winch]], heater/air-conditioning system, and various weapon systems.<ref name="FIR"/><ref name="GKNSimbaJTCV">Foss, page. 326.</ref>


==Variants==
==Variants==
The following variants were known to be in production/service:
The following variants were known to have been offered:


In Service:
* APC<ref name="MT"/>
* Armored Personnel Carrier - 123 units delivered.<ref name="MT"/> 1 Prototype retained by Manufacturer in the United Kingdom.
* Ambulance<ref name="ARSimba"/>
* Infantry Fighting Vehicle with 20m/25m gun<ref name="MT"/>
* Ambulance - 17 delivered.<ref name="ARSimba"/>
* Fire Support Vehicle with 90mm gun<ref name="MT"/>
* Infantry Fighting Vehicle 25m gun - 9 used by [[Presidential Security Group]]<ref name="GS"/>
* Command and Control - 1 in use.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Proposed:
* Fire Support Vehicle with 90mm gun- 1 Prototype retained by Manufacturer in the United Kingdom<ref name="MT"/>
* Anti-tank variant with TOW/HOT launcher<ref name="GS"/><ref name="ARSimba"/>
* Anti-tank variant with TOW/HOT launcher<ref name="GS"/><ref name="ARSimba"/>
* Anti-Aircraft with 20mm cannons<ref name="GS"/>
* Anti-Aircraft with 20mm cannons<ref name="GS"/>
* 81mm Mortar Carrier<ref name="MT"/>
* 81mm Mortar Carrier<ref name="MT"/>
* Internal Security Vehicle equipped with dozer, side-mounted anti-riot screens and loudspeaker<ref name="MT"/>
* Internal Security Vehicle equipped with dozer, side-mounted anti-riot screens and loudspeaker<ref name="MT"/>

==Operators==
<!-- READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

* {{PHL}}:
** [[Philippine Army]]: 141 Units
** [[Presidential Security Group]]: 9 Units armed with 25&nbsp;mm Bushmaster Cannon<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/491751/stalled-simba-puts-palace-guards-manila-police-on-anticoup-mode | title=Stalled 'Simba' puts Palace guards, Manila police on anticoup mode | date=20 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tvd.im/land-systems/5088-gkn-simba.html | title=GKN Simba }}</ref>

==Preserved Vehicles==

* 1 Simba in Olive Drab colors preserved at [[Philippine Military Academy]], Fort Del Pilar, Baguio City Philippines.<ref>https://www.pma.edu.ph/gallery.php{{failed verification|date=June 2024}}</ref>
* 1 Simba in Armor "Pambato" Division Colors at Camp O'Donnell, Brgy. Sta. Lucia, Capas, Tarlac, Central Luzon, Luzon Philippines.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}
* 1 Simba damaged by [[Improvised Explosive Device]] was retired and serves as Gate Guard at Camp Siongco, Maguindanao.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}


==References==
==References==
Line 122: Line 139:


===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
⚫
{{commons category|GKN Simba}}

* {{citation |title=Jane's Tank and Combat Vehicle Recognition Guide (Second Edition) |first=Christopher F. |last=Foss |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-472452-6 |year=2000}}
* {{citation |title=Jane's Tank and Combat Vehicle Recognition Guide (Second Edition) |first=Christopher F. |last=Foss |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-472452-6 |year=2000}}


{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{GKN}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

⚫
{{commons category|GKN Simba}}


[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Armored personnel carriers of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Armored personnel carriers of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 07:30, 9 January 2025

This article is about the military vehicle. For other uses, see Simba (disambiguation).

GKN Simba
GKN Simba "Cebu"
TypeArmoured personnel carrier
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1990s-Present
Used byPhilippines
WarsAnti-guerilla operations in the Philippines
Production history
DesignerGKN
ManufacturerGKN
Produced1993-1997
No. built152 (2003)[1]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass11.2 - 11.9 tons (Depending on role)
Length5.35 m (17 ft 7 in)
Width2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Height2.19 m (7 ft 2 in) low profile cupola
Crew3+8/10
Armor8 mm steel armor (maximum estimate)
Main
armament
1 x 7.62 mm Machinegun
Secondary
armament
40 mm grenade launchers
EnginePerkins 210 Ti diesel turbo charged intercooler engine
210 bhp
Power/weight18.75 bhp/ton
Operational
range
660 km (410 mi)
Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph)

The Simba is a wheeled armoured personnel carrier designed by GKN Sankey.[2] It is currently in service with the Philippine Army.[3]

Any export sales are dormant as of 2020 since production for the Simba has ceased.[1]

History

[edit]

The Simba Light Combat Vehicle (LCV) was designed by GKN primarily for export market sales, originally meant to complement the GKN Saxon.[1] A prototype was first displayed in 1978 at the Aldershot Exhibition.[4] In June 1982, it was seen again with a 90mm Cockerill gun.[4]

Trials in Fort Magsaysay where the Simba was tested against American, British, French and German armored vehicles as reported on January 19, 1990,[5] it was selected by the Armed Forces of the Philippines which placed an initial order of 150 vehicles.[6] On July 14, 1991, the Malaya reported that the acquisition was done at a cost of $USD54 million.[7]

Of the 150 vehicles ordered, eight were delivered in complete kit form from GKN, two in knocked-down kit form and another two in kit form.[1] The remainder were later assembled in the Philippines in a facility owned by the joint venture company Asian Armored Vehicle Technologies Corporation in Subic Bay.[8][1] The Simba was then valued at $USD360,000 each.[7]

While the Philippine Army adopted it, a small number was pressed into service with the Presidential Security Group.[2] It is known to be used currently by the Army's Armor Division.[9]

The vehicle was proposed to the Malaysian Army, but they decided to adopt the much heavier, six-wheeled SIBMAS instead.[2]

Controversy

[edit]

Congressman Rodolfo Albano questioned the adoption of the Simba in the 1990s, suggesting that it was done due to cronyism since Multiparts Motors International President Antonio Lopa was related to President Cory Aquino by marriage.[5] Lopa denies direct relations, but has mentioned that a relative is married to her elder sister.[5]

JUSMAG officer Major General Thomas Harvey questioned the AFP's purchase, saying that the vehicle was never in full production at the time it was being tested in the Philippines.[5] While the V-150 was a bit more expensive that the Simba, the former was made available with American military aid assistance after they withdrew from Clark and Subic Bay.[5]

Design

[edit]
A Simba’s open hatch.

The driver is seated conventionally front-left with the Perkins diesel powerpack[4] to his right and the troop compartment extending up to the rear of the vehicle.[1] The gearbox is a semi-automatic Clark 13.1 HR 28422, with four forward and two reverse gears.[4] This is combined with a transfer box which allows to go from 4 x 4 to 4 x 2.[4] Its LHD configuration is a sign that GKN has produced the vehicle with foreign exports in mind.[4]

The troops on seats down either side can dismount the vehicle via large door in the rear or the door in the left side of the hull.[4] The driver and commander can dismount via the cupola hatch and the driver's side door. Around 10 persons are seated inside, although eight persons are an ideal load.[10]

The vehicle usually has a one-man turret armed with a .50 BMG (12.7x99mm NATO) M2 Browning heavy machine gun.[10] Some vehicles were fitted with a one-person gun turret armed with a 25mm cannon and a co-axial 7.62mm General-purpose machine gun.[10] The turrets can be retrofitted with an automatic grenade launcher via pintle mount.[2] The Simba was made by fabricated conventional steel alloy allor, meant to protect the occupants from 7.62mm ammo.[1]

A wide range of optional equipment can be fitted to the vehicle including run flat tires, front-mounted winch, heater/air-conditioning system, and various weapon systems.[1][11]

Variants

[edit]

The following variants were known to have been offered:

In Service:

  • Armored Personnel Carrier - 123 units delivered.[10] 1 Prototype retained by Manufacturer in the United Kingdom.
  • Ambulance - 17 delivered.[4]
  • Infantry Fighting Vehicle 25m gun - 9 used by Presidential Security Group[2]
  • Command and Control - 1 in use.[citation needed]

Proposed:

  • Fire Support Vehicle with 90mm gun- 1 Prototype retained by Manufacturer in the United Kingdom[10]
  • Anti-tank variant with TOW/HOT launcher[2][4]
  • Anti-Aircraft with 20mm cannons[2]
  • 81mm Mortar Carrier[10]
  • Internal Security Vehicle equipped with dozer, side-mounted anti-riot screens and loudspeaker[10]

Operators

[edit]

Preserved Vehicles

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Forecast". www.forecastinternational.com. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "GKN Simba". www.globalsecurity.org.
  3. ^ Philippines Army Weapon Systems Handbook. International Business Publications, USA. May 2007. ISBN 9781433061981. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Simba GKN Defence Alvis wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier British army United Kingdom techn | Simba variants wheeled armoured vehicle FR | United Kingdom British army military equipment". Armyrecognition.com. 10 February 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e Manila's Blazing Lion of Iron, page 60, Asiaweek, January 19, 1990.
  6. ^ "An Appraisal Of Technologies Of Political Control". 6 January 1998. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
  7. ^ a b RP to acquire British Simba by Noel Bartolome, July 14, 1991, Malaya.
  8. ^ "Kickbacks, negotiated deals mar AFP procurement setup". philstar.com.
  9. ^ "PH Armor Division showcases new capabilities, equipment | Philippine News Agency". Philippine News Agency. 8 March 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g ARG. "Simba Armored Personnel Carrier". Military-Today.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  11. ^ Foss, page. 326.
  12. ^ "Stalled 'Simba' puts Palace guards, Manila police on anticoup mode". 20 September 2013.
  13. ^ "GKN Simba".
  14. ^ https://www.pma.edu.ph/gallery.php[failed verification]

Bibliography

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to GKN Simba.
  • Foss, Christopher F. (2000), Jane's Tank and Combat Vehicle Recognition Guide (Second Edition), HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-472452-6
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GKN_Simba&oldid=1268337925"