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{{Short description|Type of federal subject of Russia}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
{{Infobox subdivision type
|name = Krai
|name = Krais
|alt_name = Kray
|alt_name = Krays
|map = [[File:Krais of Russia.png|330px]]{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
|map = [[File:Krais of Russia.png|330px]]{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
1. [[Altai Krai]]
1. [[Altai Krai]]
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{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
|category = [[Federated state]]
|category = [[Federated state]]
|territory = [[Russian Federation]]
|territory = {{flag|Russian Federation}}
|start_date =
|start_date =
|current_number = 9
|current_number = 9
|number_date =
|number_date =
|population_range = 322,079 ([[Kamchatka Krai]]) – 5,404,300 ([[Krasnodar Krai]])
|population_range = 322,079 ([[Kamchatka Krai]]) – 5,404,300 ([[Krasnodar Krai]])
|area_range = {{Convert|304500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} ([[Stavropol Krai]]) – {{Convert|2,339,700|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]])<ref name=UScen2000>{{cite web|title=United States Summary: 2000|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf|work=U.S. Census 2000|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |accessdate=June 19, 2018|date=April 2004}}</ref>
|area_range = {{Convert|66,160|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} ([[Stavropol Krai]]) – {{Convert|2,339,700|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]])<ref name=UScen2000>{{cite web|title=United States Summary: 2000|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf|work=U.S. Census 2000|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=June 19, 2018|date=April 2004}}</ref>
|government = Krai Government
|government = Krai Government
|subdivision = [[Raion]], [[urban-type settlements]], [[Selsovet]], [[Closed city#Russia|Closed City]]
|subdivision = [[Raion]], [[urban-type settlements]], [[Selsovet]], [[Closed city#Russia|Closed City]]
}}
}}


A '''krai''' ({{lang-rus|край|r=kray|p=kraj}}) is a type of [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]]. The country is divided into 85&nbsp;federal subjects, of which nine are krais. [[Oblasts of Russia|Oblasts]], another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional, similar to the [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|commonwealths]] in the [[United States]]; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]. During the [[Soviet era]], the [[autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblasts]] could be subordinated to [[Republics of the Soviet Union|republics]] or krais, but not to oblasts.
A '''krai''' ({{lang-rus|край|r=kray|p=kraj|t=region, edge}}) is a type of [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The country is divided into 85&nbsp;federal subjects, of which nine are krais.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Heaney|editor-first=Dominic|title=The Territories of the Russian Federation 2023|edition=24th|year=2023|isbn=9781032469744|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Territories-of-the-Russian-Federation-2023/Publications/p/book/9781032469744|chapter=The Government of the Russian Federation|pages=43–51|location=Abingdon|publisher=[[Routledge]]|quote=Including the two territories in Crimea, the 85 territories comprise 22 republics, nine krais (provinces), 46 oblasts (regions), three cities of federal status (Moscow, St Petersburg and Sevastopol), one autonomous oblast and four autonomous okrugs.}}</ref> [[Oblasts of Russia|Oblasts]], another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]. During the [[Soviet era]], the [[autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblasts]] could be subordinated to [[Republics of the Soviet Union|republics]] or krais, but not to oblasts. Outside of political terminology, both words have a very similar general meaning ("region" or "area" in English) and can often be used interchangeably. When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory",<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-17 |title=Russian tower block in flames as aircraft crashes |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63292320 |access-date=2022-10-17}}</ref> (closer to "edge" in literal translation, what's more related with the [[March (territory)|March]] meaning as a "borderland") while "oblast" can variously be translated to "province" or "region", but both of these translations are also reasonable interpretations of "krai".


==Overview==
Each krai features a [[state government]] holding authority over a defined geographic territory, with a [[state legislature]], the Legislative Assembly, that is [[Democracy|democratically]] elected. The [[Governor (Russia)|Governor]] is the highest [[Executive (government)|executive]] position of the state government in a Krai, and is directly appointed by the [[President of Russia]]. Krais can be divided into [[Raion#Russian_Federation|raions]] (districts), [[City of federal subject significance|cities/towns of krai significance]], and [[okrug]]s. Krais previously featured [[Autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]] until the formation of [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] on March 1, 2008, when the last remaining autonomous okrug of a krai was abolished.
Each krai features a [[state government]] holding authority over a defined geographic territory, with a [[Regional parliaments of Russia|state legislature]], the Legislative Assembly, that is [[Democracy|democratically]] elected. The [[Governor (Russia)|Governor]] is the highest [[Executive (government)|executive]] position of the state government in a Krai, and is elected by people. Krais can be divided into [[Raion#Russian_Federation|raions]] (districts), [[City of federal subject significance|cities/towns of krai significance]], and [[okrug]]s. Krais previously featured [[Autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]] until the formation of [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] on March 1, 2008, when the last remaining autonomous okrug of a krai was abolished.


The term ''[[krai]]'' or ''kray'' is derived from the Russian word for an [[edge (geometry)|edge]] and can be translated into [[English language|English]] as "[[frontier]]" or "territory". The largest krai by geographic size is [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] at {{convert|2339700|km2|sp=us}} and the smallest is [[Stavropol Krai]] at {{convert|66500|km2|sp=us}}.<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name=UScen2000/> The most populous krai is [[Krasnodar Krai]] at 5,404,300 ([[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]]) and the least populous is [[Kamchatka Krai]] at 322,079 (2010).<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name=UScen2000/>
The term ''[[krai]]'' or ''kray'' is derived from the Russian word for an [[edge (geometry)|edge]], and can be translated into English as '[[frontier]]' or 'territory'. The largest krai by geographic size is [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] at {{convert|2339700|km2|sp=us}} and the smallest is [[Stavropol Krai]] at {{convert|66500|km2|sp=us}}.<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name=UScen2000/> The most populous krai is [[Krasnodar Krai]] at 5,404,300 ([[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]]) and the least populous is [[Kamchatka Krai]] at 322,079 (2010).<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name=UScen2000/>


Historically, krais were massive first-level administrative divisions in the [[Russian Empire]], divided into large ''[[guberniyas]]'' (governorates). Following the numerous administration reforms during the [[Soviet era]], the guberniyas were abolished and krais were reshaped into smaller, more numerous divisions. Eventually, krais and oblasts became almost totally equal as the top-level administrative division of the [[Soviet Socialist Republics]] (SSRs), the constituent political entities of the [[Soviet Union]], with the only difference being [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblasts]] could be subordinated to krais but not to oblasts. The krais were unique to the [[Russian SFSR]] and held very little [[autonomy]] or power, but when the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union dissolved]] into [[sovereign states]] along the lines of the SSRs, they became first-level administrative divisions of the Russian Federation and received much greater [[devolved power]].
Historically, krais were massive first-level administrative divisions in the [[Russian Empire]], divided into large {{lang|ru|[[guberniyas]]}} (governorates). Following the numerous administration reforms during the [[Soviet era]], the guberniyas were abolished and krais were reshaped into smaller, more numerous divisions. Eventually, krais and oblasts became almost totally equal as the top-level administrative division of the [[Soviet Socialist Republics]] (SSRs), the constituent political entities of the [[Soviet Union]], with the only difference being [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblasts]] could be subordinated to krais but not to oblasts. The krais were unique to the [[Russian SFSR]], and held very little autonomy or power, but when the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union dissolved]] into [[sovereign states]] along the lines of the SSRs, they became first-level administrative divisions of the Russian Federation and received much greater [[devolved power]].

==List==
Below is a list of the krais of Russia, listed in alphabetical order:
* [[Altai Krai]]
* [[Kamchatka Krai]]
* [[Khabarovsk Krai]]
* [[Krasnodar Krai]]
* [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
* [[Perm Krai]]
* [[Primorsky Krai]]
* [[Stavropol Krai]]
* [[Zabaykalsky Krai]]


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Russia}}
*[[Krais of the Russian Empire]]
*[[Krais of the Russian Empire]]
*[[Krajina]]
*[[Oblasts of Russia]]
*[[Republics of Russia]]
*[[Autonomous okrugs of Russia]]
*[[Federal cities of Russia]]
*[[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]


==References==
==References==
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{{Subdivisions of Russia}}
{{Subdivisions of Russia}}
{{Soviet Union topics}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}


Latest revision as of 10:07, 25 December 2024

Krais
  • Also known as:
  • Krays
CategoryFederated state
Location Russian Federation
Number9
Populations322,079 (Kamchatka Krai) – 5,404,300 (Krasnodar Krai)
Areas25,540 sq mi (66,160 km2) (Stavropol Krai) – 903,400 sq mi (2,339,700 km2) (Krasnoyarsk Krai)[1]
Government
  • Krai Government
Subdivisions

A krai (Russian: край, romanized: kray, IPA: [kraj], lit. 'region, edge') is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 85 federal subjects, of which nine are krais.[2] Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the Federation Council. During the Soviet era, the autonomous oblasts could be subordinated to republics or krais, but not to oblasts. Outside of political terminology, both words have a very similar general meaning ("region" or "area" in English) and can often be used interchangeably. When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory",[3] (closer to "edge" in literal translation, what's more related with the March meaning as a "borderland") while "oblast" can variously be translated to "province" or "region", but both of these translations are also reasonable interpretations of "krai".

Overview

[edit]

Each krai features a state government holding authority over a defined geographic territory, with a state legislature, the Legislative Assembly, that is democratically elected. The Governor is the highest executive position of the state government in a Krai, and is elected by people. Krais can be divided into raions (districts), cities/towns of krai significance, and okrugs. Krais previously featured autonomous okrugs until the formation of Zabaykalsky Krai on March 1, 2008, when the last remaining autonomous okrug of a krai was abolished.

The term krai or kray is derived from the Russian word for an edge, and can be translated into English as 'frontier' or 'territory'. The largest krai by geographic size is Krasnoyarsk Krai at 2,339,700 square kilometers (903,400 sq mi) and the smallest is Stavropol Krai at 66,500 square kilometers (25,700 sq mi).[4][1] The most populous krai is Krasnodar Krai at 5,404,300 (2010 Census) and the least populous is Kamchatka Krai at 322,079 (2010).[4][1]

Historically, krais were massive first-level administrative divisions in the Russian Empire, divided into large guberniyas (governorates). Following the numerous administration reforms during the Soviet era, the guberniyas were abolished and krais were reshaped into smaller, more numerous divisions. Eventually, krais and oblasts became almost totally equal as the top-level administrative division of the Soviet Socialist Republics (SSRs), the constituent political entities of the Soviet Union, with the only difference being autonomous oblasts could be subordinated to krais but not to oblasts. The krais were unique to the Russian SFSR, and held very little autonomy or power, but when the Soviet Union dissolved into sovereign states along the lines of the SSRs, they became first-level administrative divisions of the Russian Federation and received much greater devolved power.

List

[edit]

Below is a list of the krais of Russia, listed in alphabetical order:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "United States Summary: 2000" (PDF). U.S. Census 2000. U. S. Census Bureau. April 2004. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  2. ^ Heaney, Dominic, ed. (2023). "The Government of the Russian Federation". The Territories of the Russian Federation 2023 (24th ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 43–51. ISBN 9781032469744. Including the two territories in Crimea, the 85 territories comprise 22 republics, nine krais (provinces), 46 oblasts (regions), three cities of federal status (Moscow, St Petersburg and Sevastopol), one autonomous oblast and four autonomous okrugs.
  3. ^ "Russian tower block in flames as aircraft crashes". BBC News. October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.

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