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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Bluethroat
| image = Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) at Ichkeul NP.jpg
| image = Luscinia svecica volgae.jpg
| image_caption = Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) at Ichkeul
⚫
| image2 = Luscinia svecica.ogg
| image_caption = Male (''L. s. volgae''), Russia, Moscow Region, Elektrougli town
| image2_caption = Song recorded in Chukotka, Russia
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22709707/0 |title=''Cyanecula svecica'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013|ref=harv}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International. |year=2019 |title=''Cyanecula svecica'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T22709707A137567006 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22709707A137567006.en |access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref>
| genus = Luscinia
| genus = Luscinia
| species = svecica
| species = svecica
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| range_map = Luscinia svecica distribution.png
| range_map = Luscinia svecica map.svg
| range_map_caption = Distribution of the bluethroat subspecies
| range_map_caption = Distribution of the bluethroat (orange: breeding range; blue: non-breeding range)
| synonyms = ''Motacilla svecica'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}
| synonyms = *''Motacilla svecica'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}
*''[[Cyanecula]] svecica''
}}
}}


The '''bluethroat''' (''Luscinia svecica'') is a small passerine [[bird]] that was formerly classed as a member of the [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]] family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an [[Old World flycatcher]], Muscicapidae. It, and similar small [[Europe]]an species, are often called [[chat (bird)|chat]]s.
The '''bluethroat''' ('''''Luscinia svecica''''') is a small passerine [[bird]] that was formerly classed as a member of the [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]] family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an [[Old World flycatcher]], Muscicapidae. It, and similar small European species, are often called [[chat (bird)|chat]]s.


It is a [[bird migration|migratory]] insectivorous species breeding in wet [[birch]] wood or bushy swamp in [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] with a foothold in western [[Alaska]]. It nests in tussocks or low in dense bushes. It winters in north [[Africa]] and the [[Indian subcontinent]].
It is a [[bird migration|migratory]] insectivorous species breeding in wet [[birch]] wood or bushy swamp in Europe and across the [[Palearctic]] with a foothold in western [[Alaska]]. It nests in tussocks or low in dense bushes. It winters in the [[Iberian Peninsula]], the northern half of Africa, and in southern Asia (among others including the [[Indian subcontinent]]).


⚫
The bluethroat bird is similar in size to the [[European robin]] at 13–14&nbsp;cm. It is plain brown above except for the distinctive black tail with red side patches. It has a strong white supercilium. Despite the distinctive appearance of the males, recent genetic studies show only limited variation between the forms, and confirm that this is a single species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zink RM |author2=Drovetski SV |author3=Questiau S |author4=Fadeev IV |author5=Nesterov EV |author6=Westberg MC |author7=Rohwer S. |year=2003 |title=Recent evolutionary history of the bluethroat (''Luscinia svecica'') across Eurasia. |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=3069–75 |url=http://www.cbs.umn.edu/eeb/faculty/ZinkRobert/Recentevolutionary.pdf |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01981.x |pmid=14629386 |first1=RM |bibcode=2003MolEc..12.3069Z |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404052745/http://www.cbs.umn.edu/eeb/faculty/ZinkRobert/Recentevolutionary.pdf |archive-date=2005-04-04 }}</ref> Moults begins in July after breeding and are completed in 40–45 days, before the birds migrate.<ref>RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). UK {{ISBN|978-1-4729-0647-2}}.</ref>
The bluethroat is similar in size to the [[European robin]] at 13–14&nbsp;cm. It is plain brown above except for the distinctive black tail with red side patches. It has a strong white supercilium.
The male has an iridescent blue bib edged below with successive black, white and rust coloured borders. Some races, such as ''L. svecica svecica'' ('''red-spotted bluethroat''') of northern Eurasia, have a red spot in the centre of the blue bib.


⚫
The male has a varied and very imitative song.<ref>Metzmacher M. (2008) Les Grillons, muses de la Gorgebleue à miroir blanc (''Luscinia svecica cyanecula'') ? ''Parcs & Réserves'', 63 : 17-19.</ref> Its call is a typical chat ''chack'' noise.
Others, such as ''L. svecica cyanecula '' ('''white-spotted bluethroat''') of southern and central Europe, have a white spot in the centre of the blue bib. ''L. svecica magna '' in Turkey has no central spot.


==Subspecies==
⚫
Females of all races usually have just a blackish crescent on an otherwise cream throat and breast. Newly fledged juveniles are freckled and spotted dark brown above.
[[File:Luscinia svecica distribution.png|thumb|Breeding distribution of the bluethroat subspecies]]
See the [https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Luscinia_svecica Wikispecies page].


⚫
Females of all subspecies usually have just a blackish crescent on an otherwise cream throat and breast. Newly fledged juveniles are freckled and spotted dark brown above.
⚫
Despite the distinctive appearance of the males, recent genetic studies show only limited variation between the forms, and confirm that this is a single species.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zink RM |author2=Drovetski SV |author3=Questiau S |author4=Fadeev IV |author5=Nesterov EV |author6=Westberg MC |author7=Rohwer S. |year=2003 |title=Recent evolutionary history of the bluethroat (''Luscinia svecica'') across Eurasia. |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=3069–75 |url=http://www.cbs.umn.edu/eeb/faculty/ZinkRobert/Recentevolutionary.pdf |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01981.x |pmid=14629386 |first1=RM |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404052745/http://www.cbs.umn.edu/eeb/faculty/ZinkRobert/Recentevolutionary.pdf |archivedate=2005-04-04 }}</ref>

Moults begins in July after breeding and is completed in 40–45 days, before the birds migrate.<ref>RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). UK {{ISBN|978-1-4729-0647-2}}.</ref>

⚫
The male has a varied and very imitative song.<ref>Metzmacher M. (2008) Les Grillons, muses de la Gorgebleue à miroir blanc (''Luscinia svecica cyanecula'') ? ''Parcs & Réserves'', 63 : 17-19.</ref> Its call is a typical chat ''chack'' noise.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
[[File:Blue throat at Rajkot.jpg|thumb|Calling]]
[[File:Blue throat at Rajkot.jpg|thumb|Calling]]
The genus name ''Luscinia'' is [[Latin]] for the [[common nightingale]] and ''svecica'' is [[New Latin]]. The colours of the male's breast were thought to evoke the Swedish flag, the yellow in the flag being more orange hued in the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=233, 375 }}</ref>
The genus name ''Luscinia'' is [[Latin]] for the [[common nightingale]]. The [[specific epithet]] ''svecica'' is from [[Neo-Latin]] ''Suecicus'' meaning "Swedish". The colours of the male's breast were thought to evoke the [[Flag of Sweden|Swedish flag]], the yellow in the flag being more orange hued in the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997 | url-access= limited | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997/page/n233 233], 375 }}</ref>


==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Luscinia svecica volgae.jpg|Male (''L. s. volgae''), Elektrougli, Russia
File:Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) male Biebrzaski 2.jpg|Male (''L. s. cyanecula''), Biebrzaski, Poland
File:Bluethroat AMSM6577.jpg|Bluethroat male calling at [[Jamnagar]], [[India]]
Image:Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)- Female at Bharatpur I IMG 5484.jpg|Female at [[Keoladeo National Park]], [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
Image:Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)- Female at Bharatpur I IMG 5484.jpg|Female at [[Keoladeo National Park]], [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
Image:Bluethroatred.JPG|Red-spotted race
Image:Bluethroatred.JPG|Red-spotted race
File:Luscinia svecica MWNH 1799.JPG|Eggs, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden, Germany]]
File:Luscinia svecica MWNH 1799.JPG|Eggs, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden, Germany]]
Image:Bluethroat.ogg|Riyadh, KSA 1992
Image:Bluethroat.ogv|[[Riyadh]], [[KSA]] 1992
</gallery>
</gallery>


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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Wikispecies|Luscinia svecica}}
⚫
{{Commons|Luscinia svecica}}

*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/bluethroat-luscinia-svecica Bluethroat videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/bluethroat-luscinia-svecica Bluethroat videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072725/http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/330_BluethroatLsvecica.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF; 3.4 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072725/http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/330_BluethroatLsvecica.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF; 3.4 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze]
*[http://www.birdsnetherlands.nl/bluethroat%20luscinia%20svecica%20netherlands.htm Information and pictures about the Bluethroat in the Netherlands]
*[http://www.birdsnetherlands.nl/bluethroat%20luscinia%20svecica%20netherlands.htm Information and pictures about the Bluethroat in the Netherlands]
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2268/162545 Metzmacher M. (2008) Les Grillons, muses de la Gorgebleue à miroir blanc (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) ? Parcs & Réserves, 63 : 17-19.]
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2268/162545 Metzmacher M. (2008) Les Grillons, muses de la Gorgebleue à miroir blanc (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) ? Parcs & Réserves, 63 : 17-19.] (in [[French language|French]])


{{Taxonbar|from=Q26578}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q26578}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}



[[Category:Luscinia]]
[[Category:Luscinia]]
[[Category:Birds of Eurasia]]
[[Category:Holarctic birds]]
[[Category:Birds of Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of Africa]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1758]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1758]]

Latest revision as of 14:38, 22 December 2024

Bluethroat
Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) at Ichkeul
Song recorded in Chukotka, Russia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Muscicapidae
Genus: Luscinia
Species:
L. svecica
Binomial name
Luscinia svecica
Distribution of the bluethroat (orange: breeding range; blue: non-breeding range)
Synonyms
  • Motacilla svecica Linnaeus, 1758
  • Cyanecula svecica

The bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and similar small European species, are often called chats.

It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in wet birch wood or bushy swamp in Europe and across the Palearctic with a foothold in western Alaska. It nests in tussocks or low in dense bushes. It winters in the Iberian Peninsula, the northern half of Africa, and in southern Asia (among others including the Indian subcontinent).

The bluethroat bird is similar in size to the European robin at 13–14 cm. It is plain brown above except for the distinctive black tail with red side patches. It has a strong white supercilium. Despite the distinctive appearance of the males, recent genetic studies show only limited variation between the forms, and confirm that this is a single species.[2] Moults begins in July after breeding and are completed in 40–45 days, before the birds migrate.[3]

The male has a varied and very imitative song.[4] Its call is a typical chat chack noise.

Subspecies

[edit]
Breeding distribution of the bluethroat subspecies

See the Wikispecies page.

Females of all subspecies usually have just a blackish crescent on an otherwise cream throat and breast. Newly fledged juveniles are freckled and spotted dark brown above.

Etymology

[edit]
Calling

The genus name Luscinia is Latin for the common nightingale. The specific epithet svecica is from Neo-Latin Suecicus meaning "Swedish". The colours of the male's breast were thought to evoke the Swedish flag, the yellow in the flag being more orange hued in the 17th and 18th centuries.[5]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International. (2019). "Cyanecula svecica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22709707A137567006. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22709707A137567006.en. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  2. ^ Zink RM, RM; Drovetski SV; Questiau S; Fadeev IV; Nesterov EV; Westberg MC; Rohwer S. (2003). "Recent evolutionary history of the bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) across Eurasia" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 12 (11): 3069–75. Bibcode:2003MolEc..12.3069Z. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01981.x. PMID 14629386. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-04-04.
  3. ^ RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). UK ISBN 978-1-4729-0647-2.
  4. ^ Metzmacher M. (2008) Les Grillons, muses de la Gorgebleue à miroir blanc (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) ? Parcs & Réserves, 63 : 17-19.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 233, 375. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luscinia svecica.
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