Jump to content

Campus Martius (Ohio): Difference between revisions

Add links
Coordinates: 39°25′17″N 81°27′40″W / 39.42139°N 81.46111°W / 39.42139; -81.46111
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →Bibliography: Remove stub template(s). Page is start class or higher. Also check for and do General Fixes + Checkwiki fixes using AWB
Fixing the infobox
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
|partof = the [[Northwest Territory]] of the United States
|partof = the [[Northwest Territory]] of the United States
|location = [[Marietta, Ohio]]
|location = [[Marietta, Ohio]]
|image = [[File:CampusMartius.jpg|300px]]
|image = CampusMartius.jpg
|image_size = 300px
|caption = Campus Martius fortification at Marietta, Ohio
|caption = Campus Martius fortification at Marietta, Ohio
|coordinates = {{coord|39|25|17|N|81|27|40|W|display=title}}
|map_type =
|latitude =
|map_type =
|longitude =
|map_size =
⚫
|map_caption =
|map_size =
⚫
|map_caption =
|type =
|type =
|code =
|coordinates =
|code =
|built = 1788–91
|built = 1788-91
|builder =
|builder =
|demolished =
|demolished =
|commanders = [[Rufus Putnam]], [[Anselm Tupper]]
|past_commanders = [[Rufus Putnam]], [[Anselm Tupper]]
|occupants = [[Ohio Company of Associates]]
|occupants = [[Ohio Company of Associates]]
|battles = [[Northwest Indian War]]
|battles = [[Northwest Indian War]]
}}
}}
[[Image:CampusMartius plaque.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Campus Martius plaque at Marietta, Ohio]]
[[File:CampusMartius plaque.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Campus Martius plaque at Marietta, Ohio]]
[[File:Campus Martius - Lossing.jpg|thumb|300px|Campus Martius<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lossing |first=Benson |title=The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 |publisher=Harper & Brothers, Publishers |year=1868 |page=37}}</ref>]]

'''Campus Martius''' was a defensive fortification at the [[Marietta, Ohio]] settlement, and was home to [[Rufus Putnam]], [[Benjamin Tupper]], [[Arthur St. Clair]], and other [[American pioneers to the Northwest Territory|pioneers]] from the [[Ohio Company of Associates]] during the [[Northwest Indian War]]. Major [[Anselm Tupper]] was commander of the Campus Martius during the war.<ref name = "Cutler 26">Cutler, ''The Founders of Ohio'', 26.</ref><ref name = "Howe 509">Howe, ''Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. III'', 509.</ref> Construction began in 1788 and was fully completed in 1791. The Campus Martius was located on the east side of the [[Muskingum River]], and upriver from its confluence with the [[Ohio River]]. A firsthand description of the fort is provided in Hildreth's ''Pioneer History'',
'''Campus Martius''' was a defensive fortification at the [[Marietta, Ohio]] settlement. It was home to [[Rufus Putnam]], [[Benjamin Tupper]], [[Arthur St. Clair]], and other [[American pioneers to the Northwest Territory|pioneers]] from the [[Ohio Company of Associates]] during the [[Northwest Indian War]]. Major [[Anselm Tupper]] was commander of the Campus Martius during the war.<ref name = "Cutler 26">Cutler, ''The Founders of Ohio'', 26.</ref><ref name = "Howe 509">Howe, ''Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. III'', 509.</ref> Construction began in 1788 and was fully completed in 1791. The Campus Martius was located on the east side of the [[Muskingum River]] and upriver from its confluence with the [[Ohio River]]. A firsthand description of the fort is provided in Hildreth's ''Pioneer History'',
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
Campus Martius is the handsomest pile of buildings on this side of the Alleghany mountains, and in a few days will be the strongest fortification in the territory of the United States. It stands on the margin of the elevated plain on which are the remains of the ancient works [[Mound builder (people)|[mounds]]], mentioned in my letter of May last, thirty feet above the high bank of the Muskingum, twenty-nine perches distant from the river, and two hundred and seventy-six from the Ohio. It consists of a regular square, having a block house at each angle, eighteen feet square on the ground, and two stories high; the upper story on the outside or face, jutting over the lower one, eighteen inches. These block houses serve as bastions to a regular fortification of four sides. The curtains are composed of dwelling houses two stories high, eighteen feet wide, and of different lengths.<ref name = "Hildreth 227">Hildreth, ''Pioneer History'', 227-28.</ref>
Campus Martius is the most handsome pile of buildings on this side of the Alleghany mountains, and in a few days, it will be the strongest fortification in the territory of the United States. It stands on the margin of the elevated plain on which are the remains of the ancient works [[Mound builder (people)|[mounds]]], mentioned in my letter of May last, thirty feet above the high bank of the Muskingum, twenty-nine perches distant from the river, and two hundred and seventy-six from the Ohio. It consists of a regular square, with a block house at each angle, eighteen feet square on the ground, and two stories high; the upper story is on the outside or face, jutting over the lower one, eighteen inches. These blockhouses serve as bastions to a regular fortification of four sides. The curtains comprise dwelling houses two stories high, eighteen feet wide, and of different lengths.<ref name = "Hildreth 227">Hildreth, ''Pioneer History'', 227-28.</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


The Campus Martius site is now occupied by the [[Campus Martius Museum]]. The [[Rufus Putnam House]], part of the original Campus, is enclosed in the museum. Campus Martius was located around {{coord|39|25|17|N|81|27|40|W|region:US-OH_scale:2000|display=inline}}.
The [[Campus Martius Museum]] now occupies the Campus Martius site. The [[Rufus Putnam House]], part of the original Campus, is enclosed in the museum. Campus Martius was located around {{coord|39|25|17|N|81|27|40|W|region:US-OH_scale:2000}}.


== Other Marietta forts ==
== Other Marietta forts ==
The other fortification at the Marietta settlement was the [[Picketed Point Stockade]], built by [[Ohio Company of Associates|associates]] during 1791 on the east side of the mouth of the Muskingum River at its confluence with the Ohio, and directly across the Muskingum from [[Fort Harmar]]. Fort Harmar was constructed several years earlier in 1785 by United States troops, on the west side of the mouth of the Muskingum River.
The other fortification at the Marietta settlement was the [[Picketed Point Stockade]], built by [[Ohio Company of Associates|associates]] in 1791 on the east side of the mouth of the Muskingum River at its confluence with the Ohio and directly across the Muskingum from [[Fort Harmar]]. Fort Harmar was constructed several years earlier, in 1785, by United States troops on the west side of the mouth of the Muskingum River.
<gallery perRow="5">
<gallery perRow="5">
Image:PicketedPointMariettaOH.jpg|[[Picketed Point Stockade|Picketed Point]]
File:PicketedPointMariettaOH.jpg|[[Picketed Point Stockade|Picketed Point]]
Image:FortHarmar.jpg|[[Fort Harmar]]
File:FortHarmar.jpg|[[Fort Harmar]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Regional forts ==
== Regional forts ==
Two additional forts, somewhat distant from Marietta, were also built by settlers from the Ohio Company of Associates. A group of associates moved about 15 miles down the Ohio River from Marietta, opposite the mouth of the [[Little Kanawha River]]; the settlers constructed the fortification of [[Farmer's Castle]] for protection during the Indian war at the sight of modern day [[Belpre, Ohio]].
Two additional forts, distant from Marietta, were also built by settlers from the Ohio Company of Associates. A group of associates moved about 15 miles down the Ohio River from Marietta, opposite the mouth of the [[Little Kanawha River]]; the settlers constructed the fortification of [[Farmer's Castle]] for protection during the Indian War at the site of modern-day [[Belpre, Ohio]].


Another group of associates moved about 20 miles up the Muskingum River from Marietta, near the mouth of [[Wolf Creek (Muskingum River)|Wolf Creek]]; they built [[Fort Frye]] for protection during the war at the site of modern day [[Beverly, Ohio]].
Another group of associates moved about 20 miles up the Muskingum River from Marietta, near the mouth of [[Wolf Creek (Muskingum River)|Wolf Creek]]; they built [[Fort Frye]] for protection during the war at the site of modern-day [[Beverly, Ohio]].


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 49: Line 48:


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* Cutler, Julia Perkins: ''The Founders of Ohio, Brief Sketches of the Forty-Eight Pioneers'', Robert Clarke and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1888).
* {{cite book |last=Cutler |first= Julia Perkins |title=The Founders of Ohio, Brief Sketches of the Forty-Eight Pioneers|publisher=[[Robert Clarke and Company]] | location= Cincinnati, Ohio |year= 1888 |url=https://archive.org/details/foundersofohiobr00cutl }}
* Hildreth, S. P.: ''Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory'', H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848).
* {{cite book |last= Hildreth |first= S. P. |authorlink=Samuel Prescott Hildreth | title= Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory | publisher= H. W. Derby and Co. |location= Cincinnati, Ohio |year= 1848 | url= https://archive.org/details/pioneerhistorybe00hild }}
* {{cite book |first=Henry|last=Howe |authorlink=Henry Howe |title=[[Historical Collections of Ohio]] |volume=III |publisher=Henry Howe and Son |location=Columbus, Ohio|year=1891}}
* {{cite book |first=Henry|last=Howe |authorlink=Henry Howe |title=[[Historical Collections of Ohio]] |volume=III |publisher=Henry Howe and Son |location=Columbus, Ohio|year=1891}}


Line 57: Line 56:
[[Category:Pre-statehood history of Ohio]]
[[Category:Pre-statehood history of Ohio]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Marietta, Ohio]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Marietta, Ohio]]
[[Category:1788 establishments in the Northwest Territory]]

Latest revision as of 14:44, 18 December 2024

Campus Martius
Part of the Northwest Territory of the United States
Marietta, Ohio
Campus Martius fortification at Marietta, Ohio
Coordinates39°25′17″N 81°27′40″W / 39.42139°N 81.46111°W / 39.42139; -81.46111
Site history
Built1788–91
Battles/warsNorthwest Indian War
Garrison information
Past
commanders		Rufus Putnam, Anselm Tupper
OccupantsOhio Company of Associates
Campus Martius plaque at Marietta, Ohio
Campus Martius[1]

Campus Martius was a defensive fortification at the Marietta, Ohio settlement. It was home to Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper, Arthur St. Clair, and other pioneers from the Ohio Company of Associates during the Northwest Indian War. Major Anselm Tupper was commander of the Campus Martius during the war.[2][3] Construction began in 1788 and was fully completed in 1791. The Campus Martius was located on the east side of the Muskingum River and upriver from its confluence with the Ohio River. A firsthand description of the fort is provided in Hildreth's Pioneer History,

Campus Martius is the most handsome pile of buildings on this side of the Alleghany mountains, and in a few days, it will be the strongest fortification in the territory of the United States. It stands on the margin of the elevated plain on which are the remains of the ancient works [mounds], mentioned in my letter of May last, thirty feet above the high bank of the Muskingum, twenty-nine perches distant from the river, and two hundred and seventy-six from the Ohio. It consists of a regular square, with a block house at each angle, eighteen feet square on the ground, and two stories high; the upper story is on the outside or face, jutting over the lower one, eighteen inches. These blockhouses serve as bastions to a regular fortification of four sides. The curtains comprise dwelling houses two stories high, eighteen feet wide, and of different lengths.[4]

The Campus Martius Museum now occupies the Campus Martius site. The Rufus Putnam House, part of the original Campus, is enclosed in the museum. Campus Martius was located around 39°25′17″N 81°27′40″W / 39.42139°N 81.46111°W / 39.42139; -81.46111.

Other Marietta forts

[edit]

The other fortification at the Marietta settlement was the Picketed Point Stockade, built by associates in 1791 on the east side of the mouth of the Muskingum River at its confluence with the Ohio and directly across the Muskingum from Fort Harmar. Fort Harmar was constructed several years earlier, in 1785, by United States troops on the west side of the mouth of the Muskingum River.

Regional forts

[edit]

Two additional forts, distant from Marietta, were also built by settlers from the Ohio Company of Associates. A group of associates moved about 15 miles down the Ohio River from Marietta, opposite the mouth of the Little Kanawha River; the settlers constructed the fortification of Farmer's Castle for protection during the Indian War at the site of modern-day Belpre, Ohio.

Another group of associates moved about 20 miles up the Muskingum River from Marietta, near the mouth of Wolf Creek; they built Fort Frye for protection during the war at the site of modern-day Beverly, Ohio.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Lossing, Benson (1868). The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 37.
  2. ^ Cutler, The Founders of Ohio, 26.
  3. ^ Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. III, 509.
  4. ^ Hildreth, Pioneer History, 227-28.

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campus_Martius_(Ohio)&oldid=1263768601"