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{{Short description|British navy officer (1776–1841)}}
{{Similar names}}
{{Similar names}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|width_style = person
| width_style = person
|honorific_prefix = Sir
| honorific_prefix = Rear-Admiral
|name = Philip Broke
| name = Sir Philip Broke
|honorific_suffix = {{postnom|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB}}
| honorific_suffix = {{postnom|country=GBR|size=100%|Bt|KCB}}
|image = Philip Broke.tiff
| image = File:Samuel Lane (1780-1859) (style of) - Captain Sir Philip Bowes Vere de Broke (1776–1841) - BHC2575 - Royal Museums Greenwich.jpg
| image_size =
⚫
|birth_date = {{birth date|1776|09|09|df=y}}
| caption = ''Captain Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke'', by [[Samuel Lane (painter)|Samuel Lane]]
|birth_place = [[Nacton]], [[Suffolk]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1841|01|02|1776|09|09|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1776|09|09|df=y}}
|death_place = [[London]], [[Middlesex]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|U.K.]]
| birth_place = [[Nacton]], [[Suffolk]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1841|01|02|1776|09|09|df=y}}
|allegiance = {{flagcountry|UKGBI|1801}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[Middlesex]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|U.K.]]
⚫
|branch_label = Branch
| allegiance = [[United Kingdom]]
|branch = {{navy|UKGBI|government}}
⚫
| branch_label = Branch
⚫
|serviceyears_label = Service years
|serviceyears = 1792–1841
| branch = [[Royal Navy]]
⚫
| serviceyears_label = Service years
|rank = [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear admiral]]
| serviceyears = 1792–1841
⚫
|battles_label = Wars
|battles = '''[[French Revolutionary Wars]]'''
| rank = [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]]
⚫
| battles_label = Wars
⚫
* [[Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797)|Battle of Cape St. Vincent]]
| battles = {{Tree list}}
⚫
'''[[War of 1812]]'''
*[[French Revolutionary Wars]]
⚫
* [[Capture of USS Chesapeake]]
⚫
**[[Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797)|Battle of Cape St. Vincent]]
⚫
|awards = [[Naval Gold Medal]]
*[[Napoleonic Wars]]
⚫
|spouse = Sarah Louisa Middleton
⚫
*[[War of 1812]]
⚫
|children = [[George Broke-Middleton]]
⚫
**[[Capture of USS Chesapeake|Capture of USS ''Chesapeake'']]
{{tree list/end}}
⚫
| awards = [[Naval Gold Medal]]
⚫
| spouse = Sarah Louisa Middleton
⚫
| children = [[George Broke-Middleton]]
}}
}}


'''Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, 1st Baronet''' {{postnom|country=GBR|KCB}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|ʊ|k}}; 9 September 1776 – 2 January 1841) was a distinguished officer in the British [[Royal Navy]]. During his lifetime he was often referred to as Broke of the Shannon, a reference to his notable command of {{HMS|Shannon|1806|6}} in the [[War of 1812]]. His most famous military achievement was [[Capture of USS Chesapeake|defeating and capturing the American frigate, USS Chesapeake]].
'''Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, 1st Baronet''' {{postnom|country=GBR|KCB}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|ʊ|k}}; 9 September 1776 – 2 January 1841) was a British naval officer who served with distinction in the [[Royal Navy]]. During his lifetime, he was often referred to as "Broke of the ''Shannon''", a reference to his notable command of {{HMS|Shannon|1806|6}} in the [[War of 1812]]. His most famous military achievement was [[Capture of USS Chesapeake|defeating and capturing the American frigate, USS ''Chesapeake'']].


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Broke was born at [[Broke Hall]], [[Nacton]], near [[Ipswich]], the eldest son of Philip Bowes Broke, grandson of [[Philip Broke (Ipswich MP)|Philip Broke]] and descendant of Sir [[Richard Broke]], who served as [[Chief Baron of the Exchequer]]. He was educated at [[Ipswich School]], where a house was later named in his honour.
Broke was born at [[Broke Hall]], [[Nacton]], near [[Ipswich]], the eldest son of Philip Bowes Broke, grandson of [[Philip Broke (Ipswich MP)|Philip Broke]] and descendant of Sir [[Richard Broke (judge)|Richard Broke]], who served as [[Chief Baron of the Exchequer]]. He was educated at [[Ipswich School]], where a house was later named in his honour.


==Naval career==
==Naval career==
Broke joined the [[Royal Naval Academy]] at [[Portsmouth Dockyard]] in 1788, and began active service as a midshipman in 1792. It was rather unusual for him to receive formal naval education &mdash; most of his contemporaries had only "on the job" training. He served as third lieutenant on the frigate {{HMS|Southampton|1757|6}} during the [[Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797)|battle of Cape St. Vincent]] in February 1797. He was promoted to commander in 1799 and captain on 14 February 1801.<ref>''The Navy List'', 1831</ref>
Broke joined the [[Royal Naval Academy]] at [[Portsmouth Dockyard]] in 1788, and began active service as a midshipman in 1792. It was rather unusual for him to receive formal naval education – most of his contemporaries had only "on the job" training. He served as third lieutenant on the frigate {{HMS|Southampton|1757|6}} during the [[Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797)|battle of Cape St. Vincent]] in February 1797. He was promoted to commander in 1799 and captain on 14 February 1801.<ref>''The Navy List'', 1831</ref>


On 25 November 1802, Broke married Sarah Louisa Middleton, daughter of Sir [[William Fowle Middleton]] 1st Baronet of [[Crowfield, Suffolk]]. They had 11 children, including Philip Broke, 2nd Baronet, [[George Broke-Middleton]], and Charles Acton Broke.<ref>Walford Dakin Selby, ed., ''The Genealogist'', vol. 23 (1907), p. 143</ref>
On 25 November 1802, Broke married Sarah Louisa Middleton, daughter of Sir [[William Fowle Middleton]] 1st Baronet of [[Crowfield, Suffolk]]. They had 11 children, including Philip Broke, 2nd Baronet, [[George Broke-Middleton]], and Charles Acton Broke.<ref>Walford Dakin Selby, ed., ''The Genealogist'', vol. 23 (1907), p. 143</ref>
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===Capture of USS ''Chesapeake''===
===Capture of USS ''Chesapeake''===
{{main|Capture of USS Chesapeake}}
{{main|Capture of USS Chesapeake}}
His most notable accomplishment was his victory while commanding {{HMS|Shannon|1806|6}}, over the {{USS|Chesapeake|1799|6}} on 1 June 1813, during the [[War of 1812]]. Broke took command of the ''Shannon'', a 38-gun frigate, on 31 August 1806. Broke was ordered to [[City of Halifax|Halifax, Nova Scotia]], in 1811 as the diplomatic position between America and Britain deteriorated. The [[United States Congress]] declared war on 18 June 1812.
His most notable accomplishment was his victory while commanding {{HMS|Shannon|1806|6}}, over the {{USS|Chesapeake|1799|6}} on 1 June 1813, during the [[War of 1812]]. Broke took command of the ''Shannon'', a 38-gun [[Frigate#Heavy frigate|frigate]], on 31 August 1806. Broke was ordered to [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], in 1811 as the diplomatic position between America and Britain deteriorated. The [[United States Congress]] declared war on 18 June 1812.


There were half a dozen naval battles between Royal Navy and [[United States Navy]] frigates in 1812 and the early months 1813. The Americans won every one of those six encounters, which came as a surprise to the Royal Navy. The British and American ships were of the same rate, yet they were not of the same size or power. In each case the American ships were larger than the British vessels, had larger crews and had a heavier broadside, and fought better. The Americans had a main battery of 24-pounder long guns compared with the smaller 18-pounders mounted on the British ships; the weight refers to the size of the cannonballs.<ref>Lambert, Andrew (2012) ''The Challenge: Britain Against America in the Naval War of 1812'', Faber and Faber. p. 1</ref>
There were half a dozen naval battles between Royal Navy and [[United States Navy]] frigates in 1812 and the early months 1813. The Americans won every one of those six encounters, which came as a surprise to the Royal Navy. The British and American ships were of the same [[Rating system of the Royal Navy|rate]], yet they were not of the same size or power. In each case the American ships were larger than the British vessels, had larger crews and had a heavier [[Broadside (naval)|broadside]]. The Americans had a main battery of 24-pounder [[Naval long gun|long guns]] compared with the smaller 18-pounders mounted on the British ships; the weight refers to the size of the cannonballs.<ref>Lambert, Andrew (2012) ''The Challenge: Britain Against America in the Naval War of 1812'', Faber and Faber. p. 1</ref>


Matters changed when ''Shannon'' met ''Chesapeake'' off [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. The captain of the Chesapeake responded to a challenge to a single ship action made by Broke. Although ''Chesapeake'' was a slightly larger craft and had a substantially larger crew, the armament of the two ships was evenly matched. However, gunnery was Broke's area of expertise, and the crew of ''Shannon'' were exceptionally well drilled for the era.
Matters changed when ''Shannon'' met ''Chesapeake'' off [[Boston, Massachusetts]] in a single ship action. Although ''Chesapeake'' was a slightly larger craft and had a substantially larger crew, the armament of the two ships was evenly matched. However, gunnery was Broke's area of expertise, and the crew of ''Shannon'' were exceptionally well drilled for the era.


At the time the official rating of a ship did not accurately reflect the number of cannon mounted. Thus HMS ''Shannon'' (1065 tons burthen) was classed as a 38 gun ship but mounted 48 guns in total. USS ''Chesapeake'' (1135 tons burthen) was variously rated a 36 or 38 gun ship but mounted 49 guns in total. Broke mounted a number of very small carronades in order that ships' boys and younger midshipmen could have cannon light enough for them to practise on. The force of a ship was usually calculated as "weight of metal." This was the aggregate of the weight of all the cannonballs capable of being fired in one broadside (i.e., when half of the cannon, all the guns on the same side, were fired). The British weight of metal was 547 pounds, the American weight of metal was 581 pounds. The two ships were very well matched with no preponderance of force on either side.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardiner |first=R |year=2006 |title=Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars |publisher=Chatham Publishing |pages=25, 32 |isbn=1-86176-135-X}}</ref><ref>
At the time the official rating of a ship did not accurately reflect the number of cannon mounted. Thus HMS ''Shannon'' (1065 tons burthen) was classed as a 38 gun ship but mounted 48 guns in total. USS ''Chesapeake'' (1135 tons burthen) was variously rated a 36 or 38 gun ship but mounted 49 guns in total. Broke mounted a number of very small carronades in order that ships' boys and younger midshipmen could have cannon light enough for them to practise on. The force of a ship was usually calculated as "weight of metal." This was the aggregate of the weight of all the cannonballs capable of being fired in one broadside (i.e., when half of the cannon, all the guns on the same side, were fired). The British weight of metal was 547 pounds, the American weight of metal was 581 pounds. The two ships were very well matched with no preponderance of force on either side.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardiner |first=R |year=2006 |title=Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars |publisher=Chatham Publishing |pages=25, 32 |isbn=1-86176-135-X}}</ref><ref>
Line 49: Line 55:
|location=London |publisher= Hodder and Stoughton}}</ref>
|location=London |publisher= Hodder and Stoughton}}</ref>


''Chesapeake'' was disabled by gunfire, boarded and captured within 15 minutes of opening fire. Fifty-six sailors on ''Chesapeake'' were killed and eighty-five wounded including her captain [[James Lawrence]], who died of his wounds on 4 June. Lawrence's last command was reported to be, "Don't give up the ship". On the ''Shannon'', 24 were killed and 59 wounded, including Broke who sustained a serious head wound while leading the boarding party. The head wound from a cutlass blow, which had exposed the brain, had been very severe accompanied by great blood loss. Therapeutic bleeding, routinely employed at the time, was not performed by ''Shannon''{{'}}s surgeon Mr Alexander Jack, which was to Broke's advantage. The report of the surgeon described the wound as "a deep cut on the parietal bone, extending from the top of the head&nbsp;... towards the left ear, [the bone] penetrated for at least three inches in length."<ref>Voelcker, Tim (2013) ''Broke of the Shannon: and the War of 1812'', Seaforth Publishing {{ISBN|1473831326}}, 9781473831322, pp. 152–153</ref>
''Chesapeake'' was disabled by gunfire, boarded and captured within 15 minutes of opening fire. Fifty-six sailors on ''Chesapeake'' were killed and eighty-five wounded including her captain [[James Lawrence]], who died of his wounds on 4 June. Lawrence's last command was reported to be, "Don't give up the ship". On the ''Shannon'', 24 were killed and 59 wounded, including Broke who sustained a serious head wound while leading the boarding party. The head wound from a cutlass blow, which had exposed the brain, had been very severe accompanied by great blood loss. [[Bloodletting|Therapeutic bleeding]], routinely employed at the time, was not performed by ''Shannon''{{'}}s surgeon Mr Alexander Jack, which was to Broke's advantage. The report of the surgeon described the wound as "a deep cut on the [[parietal bone]], extending from the top of the head&nbsp;... towards the left ear, [the bone] penetrated for at least three inches in length."<ref>Voelcker, Tim (2013) ''Broke of the Shannon: and the War of 1812'', Seaforth Publishing {{ISBN|1473831326}}, 9781473831322, pp. 152–153</ref>


Lieutenant [[Provo Wallis]], a Nova Scotian, took command of ''Shannon'' as the frigate and her prize returned to [[City of Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] as surgeons worked to save Broke. In Halifax, Broke recovered at the Commissioner's residence in the [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax|Halifax Naval Yard]].
Lieutenant [[Provo Wallis]], a Nova Scotian, took command of ''Shannon'' as the frigate and her prize returned to [[City of Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] as surgeons worked to save Broke. In Halifax, Broke recovered at the Commissioner's residence in the [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax|Halifax Naval Yard]].


''Shannon''{{'}}s victory created a sensation in both the United States and the United Kingdom, especially in the newspapers of the era. In recognition, Broke was created a [[baronet]] on 25 September 1813.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16779|page=1890|date=21 September 1813}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16852|page=280|date=5 February 1814}}</ref> He became a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] on 3 January 1815.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16972|page=19|date=4 January 1815}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17032|page=1277|date=1 July 1815}}</ref> He was also awarded a [[Naval Gold Medal]], one of only eight awarded for single ship actions between 1794 and 1816. While his wounds precluded further active service, Broke served as a naval gunnery specialist in the Royal Navy. He was promoted to rear admiral of the red on 22 July 1830.
''Shannon''{{'}}s victory created a sensation in both the United States and the United Kingdom, especially in the newspapers of the era. In recognition, Broke was created a [[baronet]] on 25 September 1813.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16779|page=1890|date=21 September 1813}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16852|page=280|date=5 February 1814}}</ref> He became a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] on 3 January 1815.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16972|page=19|date=4 January 1815}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17032|page=1277|date=1 July 1815}}</ref> He was also awarded a [[Naval Gold Medal]], one of only eight awarded for single ship actions between 1794 and 1816. While his wounds precluded further active service, Broke served as a [[Naval artillery#Age of Sail|naval gunnery]] specialist in the Royal Navy. He was promoted to [[Rear-Admiral of the Red|rear admiral of the red]] on 22 July 1830.


His younger brother, Charles Broke, later [[Charles Broke Vere]], joined the [[British Army]]. Charles served under the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]]. He ended as a major general and was knighted.
His younger brother, Charles Broke, later [[Charles Broke Vere]], joined the [[British Army]]. Charles served under the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]]. He ended as a [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|major general]] and was knighted.

Sir Philip Broke Bt. died on 2 January 1841 and is buried in [[Nacton]] in [[Suffolk]] with a monument sculpted by [[Thomas Denman (sculptor)|Thomas Denman]].<ref>Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis p.127</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Philip Broke}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Philip Broke}}

* {{Worldcat id|lccn-no2014019973}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{s-new|Creation}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Broke-Middleton baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Broke Hall)''' | years=1813–1841}}
{{s-aft|after=Philip Broke}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:People educated at Ipswich School]]
[[Category:People educated at Ipswich School]]
[[Category:People from Nacton]]
[[Category:People from Nacton]]
[[Category:Royal Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Royal Navy rear admirals]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:British people of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Suffolk]]
[[Category:Burials in Suffolk]]

Latest revision as of 18:56, 30 November 2024

For other people with similar names, see Philip Broke (disambiguation).

Rear-Admiral

Sir Philip Broke

Bt KCB
Captain Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, by Samuel Lane
Born(1776-09-09)9 September 1776
Nacton, Suffolk, Great Britain
Died2 January 1841(1841-01-02) (aged 64)
London, Middlesex, U.K.
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
BranchRoyal Navy
Service years1792–1841
RankRear-Admiral
Wars
AwardsNaval Gold Medal
Spouse(s)Sarah Louisa Middleton
ChildrenGeorge Broke-Middleton

Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, 1st Baronet KCB (/ˈbrʊk/; 9 September 1776 – 2 January 1841) was a British naval officer who served with distinction in the Royal Navy. During his lifetime, he was often referred to as "Broke of the Shannon", a reference to his notable command of HMS Shannon in the War of 1812. His most famous military achievement was defeating and capturing the American frigate, USS Chesapeake.

Early life

[edit]

Broke was born at Broke Hall, Nacton, near Ipswich, the eldest son of Philip Bowes Broke, grandson of Philip Broke and descendant of Sir Richard Broke, who served as Chief Baron of the Exchequer. He was educated at Ipswich School, where a house was later named in his honour.

[edit]

Broke joined the Royal Naval Academy at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1788, and began active service as a midshipman in 1792. It was rather unusual for him to receive formal naval education – most of his contemporaries had only "on the job" training. He served as third lieutenant on the frigate HMS Southampton during the battle of Cape St. Vincent in February 1797. He was promoted to commander in 1799 and captain on 14 February 1801.[1]

On 25 November 1802, Broke married Sarah Louisa Middleton, daughter of Sir William Fowle Middleton 1st Baronet of Crowfield, Suffolk. They had 11 children, including Philip Broke, 2nd Baronet, George Broke-Middleton, and Charles Acton Broke.[2]

Capture of USS Chesapeake

[edit]
Main article: Capture of USS Chesapeake

His most notable accomplishment was his victory while commanding HMS Shannon, over the USS Chesapeake on 1 June 1813, during the War of 1812. Broke took command of the Shannon, a 38-gun frigate, on 31 August 1806. Broke was ordered to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1811 as the diplomatic position between America and Britain deteriorated. The United States Congress declared war on 18 June 1812.

There were half a dozen naval battles between Royal Navy and United States Navy frigates in 1812 and the early months 1813. The Americans won every one of those six encounters, which came as a surprise to the Royal Navy. The British and American ships were of the same rate, yet they were not of the same size or power. In each case the American ships were larger than the British vessels, had larger crews and had a heavier broadside. The Americans had a main battery of 24-pounder long guns compared with the smaller 18-pounders mounted on the British ships; the weight refers to the size of the cannonballs.[3]

Matters changed when Shannon met Chesapeake off Boston, Massachusetts in a single ship action. Although Chesapeake was a slightly larger craft and had a substantially larger crew, the armament of the two ships was evenly matched. However, gunnery was Broke's area of expertise, and the crew of Shannon were exceptionally well drilled for the era.

At the time the official rating of a ship did not accurately reflect the number of cannon mounted. Thus HMS Shannon (1065 tons burthen) was classed as a 38 gun ship but mounted 48 guns in total. USS Chesapeake (1135 tons burthen) was variously rated a 36 or 38 gun ship but mounted 49 guns in total. Broke mounted a number of very small carronades in order that ships' boys and younger midshipmen could have cannon light enough for them to practise on. The force of a ship was usually calculated as "weight of metal." This was the aggregate of the weight of all the cannonballs capable of being fired in one broadside (i.e., when half of the cannon, all the guns on the same side, were fired). The British weight of metal was 547 pounds, the American weight of metal was 581 pounds. The two ships were very well matched with no preponderance of force on either side.[4][5]

Chesapeake was disabled by gunfire, boarded and captured within 15 minutes of opening fire. Fifty-six sailors on Chesapeake were killed and eighty-five wounded including her captain James Lawrence, who died of his wounds on 4 June. Lawrence's last command was reported to be, "Don't give up the ship". On the Shannon, 24 were killed and 59 wounded, including Broke who sustained a serious head wound while leading the boarding party. The head wound from a cutlass blow, which had exposed the brain, had been very severe accompanied by great blood loss. Therapeutic bleeding, routinely employed at the time, was not performed by Shannon's surgeon Mr Alexander Jack, which was to Broke's advantage. The report of the surgeon described the wound as "a deep cut on the parietal bone, extending from the top of the head ... towards the left ear, [the bone] penetrated for at least three inches in length."[6]

Lieutenant Provo Wallis, a Nova Scotian, took command of Shannon as the frigate and her prize returned to Halifax as surgeons worked to save Broke. In Halifax, Broke recovered at the Commissioner's residence in the Halifax Naval Yard.

Shannon's victory created a sensation in both the United States and the United Kingdom, especially in the newspapers of the era. In recognition, Broke was created a baronet on 25 September 1813.[7][8] He became a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 3 January 1815.[9][10] He was also awarded a Naval Gold Medal, one of only eight awarded for single ship actions between 1794 and 1816. While his wounds precluded further active service, Broke served as a naval gunnery specialist in the Royal Navy. He was promoted to rear admiral of the red on 22 July 1830.

His younger brother, Charles Broke, later Charles Broke Vere, joined the British Army. Charles served under the Duke of Wellington. He ended as a major general and was knighted.

Sir Philip Broke Bt. died on 2 January 1841 and is buried in Nacton in Suffolk with a monument sculpted by Thomas Denman.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Navy List, 1831
  2. ^ Walford Dakin Selby, ed., The Genealogist, vol. 23 (1907), p. 143
  3. ^ Lambert, Andrew (2012) The Challenge: Britain Against America in the Naval War of 1812, Faber and Faber. p. 1
  4. ^ Gardiner, R (2006). Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars. Chatham Publishing. pp. 25, 32. ISBN 1-86176-135-X.
  5. ^ Padfield, P (1968). Broke and the Shannon. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 140.
  6. ^ Voelcker, Tim (2013) Broke of the Shannon: and the War of 1812, Seaforth Publishing ISBN 1473831326, 9781473831322, pp. 152–153
  7. ^ "No. 16779". The London Gazette. 21 September 1813. p. 1890.
  8. ^ "No. 16852". The London Gazette. 5 February 1814. p. 280.
  9. ^ "No. 16972". The London Gazette. 4 January 1815. p. 19.
  10. ^ "No. 17032". The London Gazette. 1 July 1815. p. 1277.
  11. ^ Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis p.127
[edit]
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baronet
(of Broke Hall)
1813–1841 		Succeeded by
Philip Broke
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