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{{Short description|Theological treatise by King Henry VIII of England}}
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The '''''Defence of the Seven Sacraments''''' ({{lang-la|Assertio Septem Sacramentorum}}) is a theological [[treatise]] published in 1521, written by King [[Henry VIII of England]], allegedly with the assistance of Sir [[Thomas More]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ |title = The Defence of the Seven Sacraments|isbn = 9781538092026|last1 = O'Donovan|first1 = Louis|date = 5 November 2019}}</ref> The extent of More's involvement with this project has been a point of contention since its publication.<ref>Scarisbrick, ''Henry VIII'', 1968, pp.&nbsp;110&ndash;113.</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ |title = Defence of the Seven Sacraments |isbn = 9781538092026|last1 = Tudor|first1 = Henry VIII|date = 5 November 2019 }}</ref>
The '''''Defence of the Seven Sacraments''''' ({{langx|la|Assertio Septem Sacramentorum}}) is a theological [[treatise]] published in 1521, written by King [[Henry VIII of England]], allegedly with the assistance of Sir [[Thomas More]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ |title = The Defence of the Seven Sacraments|isbn = 9781538092026|last1 = O'Donovan|first1 = Louis|date = 5 November 2019| publisher=Dalcassian Publishing Company }}</ref> The extent of More's involvement with this project has been a point of contention since its publication.<ref>Scarisbrick, ''Henry VIII'', 1968, pp.&nbsp;110&ndash;113.</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ |title = Defence of the Seven Sacraments |isbn = 9781538092026|last1 = Tudor|first1 = Henry VIII|date = 5 November 2019 |publisher = Dalcassian Publishing Company }}</ref>


Henry started to write it in 1519 while he was reading [[Martin Luther]]'s [[The Ninety-Five Theses|attack on indulgences]].<ref>http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/defense.htm Henry VIII, King of England. Excerpt from "The Defense of the Seven Sacraments", ''English History in the Making'' Vol I., William L. Sachse, Ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967. pp. 182-183.</ref> By June of that year, he had shown it to [[Thomas Wolsey]], but it remained private until three years later when the earlier manuscript became the first two chapters of the ''Assertio'', the rest consisting of new material relating to Luther's ''[[On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church|De Captivitate Babylonica]]''.
Henry started to write it in 1519 while he was reading [[Martin Luther]]'s [[The Ninety-Five Theses|attack on indulgences]].<ref>http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/defense.htm Henry VIII, King of England. Excerpt from "The Defense of the Seven Sacraments", ''English History in the Making'' Vol I., William L. Sachse, Ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967. pp. 182-183.</ref> By June of that year, he had shown it to [[Thomas Wolsey]], but it remained private until three years later when the earlier manuscript became the first two chapters of the ''Assertio'', the rest consisting of new material relating to Luther's ''[[On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church|De Captivitate Babylonica]]''.
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Author [[J. J. Scarisbrick]] describes the work as "one of the most successful pieces of Catholic polemics produced by the first generation of anti-Protestant writers".<ref>Scarisbrick, J. J.. Henry VIII. 2 ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. 113</ref> It went through some twenty editions in the sixteenth century and, as early as 1522, had appeared in two different German translations.
Author [[J. J. Scarisbrick]] describes the work as "one of the most successful pieces of Catholic polemics produced by the first generation of anti-Protestant writers".<ref>Scarisbrick, J. J.. Henry VIII. 2 ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. 113</ref> It went through some twenty editions in the sixteenth century and, as early as 1522, had appeared in two different German translations.


The treatise was dedicated to [[Pope Leo X]], who rewarded Henry with the title ''[[Fidei Defensor]]'' (''Defender of the Faith'') in October 1521 (a title revoked following the king's [[English Reformation|break with the Catholic Church]] in the 1530s,<ref>Assertio septem sacramentorum adversus Martinum Lutherum, Henry VIII, King of England''; Pierre Fraenkel, Münster, Aschendorff, 1992, [[Corpus Catholicorum]], vol. 43. {{ISBN|3-402-03457-3}} {{ISBN|9783402034576}}</ref> but re-awarded to his heir by the English Parliament).<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ |title = Defence of the Seven Sacraments |isbn = 9781538092026|last1 = Tudor|first1 = Henry VIII|date = 5 November 2019 }}</ref>
The treatise was dedicated to [[Pope Leo X]], who rewarded Henry with the title ''[[Fidei Defensor]]'' (''Defender of the Faith'') in October 1521 (a title revoked following the king's [[English Reformation|break with the Catholic Church]] in the 1530s,<ref>Assertio septem sacramentorum adversus Martinum Lutherum, Henry VIII, King of England''; Pierre Fraenkel, Münster, Aschendorff, 1992, [[Corpus Catholicorum]], vol. 43. {{ISBN|3-402-03457-3}} {{ISBN|9783402034576}}</ref> but re-awarded to his heir by the English Parliament).<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ |title = Defence of the Seven Sacraments |isbn = 9781538092026|last1 = Tudor|first1 = Henry VIII|date = 5 November 2019 |publisher = Dalcassian Publishing Company }}</ref>


Luther's reply to the ''Assertio'' (''[[Against Henry, King of the English]]'') was, in turn, replied to by [[Thomas More]], who was one of the leaders of the Catholic [[Renaissance humanist]]s in England (''[[Responsio ad Lutherum]]'').<ref>Scarisbrick, J. J.. ''Henry VIII''. 2 ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. 113.</ref>
Luther's reply to the ''Assertio'' (''[[Against Henry, King of the English]]'') was, in turn, replied to by [[Thomas More]], who was one of the leaders of the Catholic [[Renaissance humanist]]s in England (''[[Responsio ad Lutherum]]'').<ref>Scarisbrick, J. J.. ''Henry VIII''. 2 ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. 113.</ref>
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==Editions and translations==
==Editions and translations==
[[File:Henry VIII- Defense of the Seven Sacraments. With the fervid refutations of Luther and Thomas More..webm|thumb|Readings from the {{lang|la|Assertio Septem Sacramentorum}} and the responses from Luther and More, with English subtitles.]]
* O'Donovan, L.O. & Gibbons, J. (1908). 'Assertio Septum Sacramentorum' (''English and Latin''). New York, NY, Benziger Bros. Publishing
* O'Donovan, L.O. & Curtin, D.P. (2018). 'Defense of the Seven Sacraments' (''with additional Papal correspondence''). Philadelphia, PA, Barnes & Noble Press
* O'Donovan, L. O. & Gibbons, J. (1908). 'Assertio Septem Sacramentorum' (''English and Latin''). New York, NY: Benziger Bros. Publishing
* O'Donovan, L. O. & Curtin, D. P. (2018). 'Defense of the Seven Sacraments' (''with additional Papal correspondence''). Philadelphia, PA: Barnes & Noble Press


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
*Vian, Nello (1962) ''La Presentazione e gli esemplari vaticani della “Assertio septem sacramentorum” di Enrico VIII. (E librorum qui dicuntur Collectanea Vaticana in honorem Anselmi M. Card. Albareda a Bibliotheca Apostolica edita altero.)'' In Civitate Vaticana

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[[Category:Books by Henry VIII]]

Latest revision as of 18:45, 29 November 2024

Defence of the Seven Sacraments
The title page of a printed edition of Henry VIII's Assertio septem sacramentum
AuthorHenry VIII, Thomas More
TranslatorLouis O'Donovan
LanguageLatin
SeriesTheology
PublisherKing's College Press
Publication date
1521
Publication placeKingdom of England
Media typePrint

The Defence of the Seven Sacraments (Latin: Assertio Septem Sacramentorum) is a theological treatise published in 1521, written by King Henry VIII of England, allegedly with the assistance of Sir Thomas More.[1] The extent of More's involvement with this project has been a point of contention since its publication.[2][3]

Henry started to write it in 1519 while he was reading Martin Luther's attack on indulgences.[4] By June of that year, he had shown it to Thomas Wolsey, but it remained private until three years later when the earlier manuscript became the first two chapters of the Assertio, the rest consisting of new material relating to Luther's De Captivitate Babylonica.

Author J. J. Scarisbrick describes the work as "one of the most successful pieces of Catholic polemics produced by the first generation of anti-Protestant writers".[5] It went through some twenty editions in the sixteenth century and, as early as 1522, had appeared in two different German translations.

The treatise was dedicated to Pope Leo X, who rewarded Henry with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) in October 1521 (a title revoked following the king's break with the Catholic Church in the 1530s,[6] but re-awarded to his heir by the English Parliament).[7]

Luther's reply to the Assertio (Against Henry, King of the English) was, in turn, replied to by Thomas More, who was one of the leaders of the Catholic Renaissance humanists in England (Responsio ad Lutherum).[8]

The British Library still has King Henry's personal copy of Marko Marulić's Evangelistiarium, a book that was read in English and much admired by Thomas More. Extensive margin notes in the king's own hand prove that Marulić's book was a major source used by the king in the writing of Defence of the Seven Sacraments.[9]

Editions and translations

[edit]
Readings from the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum and the responses from Luther and More, with English subtitles.
  • O'Donovan, L. O. & Gibbons, J. (1908). 'Assertio Septem Sacramentorum' (English and Latin). New York, NY: Benziger Bros. Publishing
  • O'Donovan, L. O. & Curtin, D. P. (2018). 'Defense of the Seven Sacraments' (with additional Papal correspondence). Philadelphia, PA: Barnes & Noble Press

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ O'Donovan, Louis (5 November 2019). The Defence of the Seven Sacraments. Dalcassian Publishing Company. ISBN 9781538092026.
  2. ^ Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, 1968, pp. 110–113.
  3. ^ Tudor, Henry VIII (5 November 2019). Defence of the Seven Sacraments. Dalcassian Publishing Company. ISBN 9781538092026.
  4. ^ http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/defense.htm Henry VIII, King of England. Excerpt from "The Defense of the Seven Sacraments", English History in the Making Vol I., William L. Sachse, Ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967. pp. 182-183.
  5. ^ Scarisbrick, J. J.. Henry VIII. 2 ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. 113
  6. ^ Assertio septem sacramentorum adversus Martinum Lutherum, Henry VIII, King of England; Pierre Fraenkel, Münster, Aschendorff, 1992, Corpus Catholicorum, vol. 43. ISBN 3-402-03457-3 ISBN 9783402034576
  7. ^ Tudor, Henry VIII (5 November 2019). Defence of the Seven Sacraments. Dalcassian Publishing Company. ISBN 9781538092026.
  8. ^ Scarisbrick, J. J.. Henry VIII. 2 ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. 113.
  9. ^ Franz Posset (2021), Catholic Advocate of the Evangelical Truth: Marcus Marullus (Marko Marulić) of Split (1450-1524), Wipf and Stock Publishers. Page 18.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Vian, Nello (1962) La Presentazione e gli esemplari vaticani della “Assertio septem sacramentorum” di Enrico VIII. (E librorum qui dicuntur Collectanea Vaticana in honorem Anselmi M. Card. Albareda a Bibliotheca Apostolica edita altero.) In Civitate Vaticana
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