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Count Alexander Philipp Konstantin Ludwig von Benckendorff (Russian: Александр Константинович Бенкендорф, Alexander Konstantinovich Benkendorf; 1 August 1849 – 11 January 1917) was a Russian diplomat, of Baltic German heritage, who served as ambassador to Denmark and the United Kingdom.

Biography

He was born in 1849, the son of Count Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Maximilian von Benckendorff (Berlin, 22 October 1816 – Paris, 29 January 1858) and wife (Potsdam, 20 June 1848) Princess Louise Constantine Nathalie Johanne von Croÿ-Dülmen (Anholt, 2 November 1825 – Meran, 8 January 1890), grandson of General Konstantin von Benckendorff and grandnephew of General Count Alexander von Benckendorff. He was also the second cousin of Archduchess Isabella of Teschen through his mother's family.

Alexander Konstantinovich was educated in France and Germany before entering the diplomatic service in 1869. He began as an attaché in Florence, and eventually served in Rome. He resigned in 1876 and lived nearly ten years on his estates, in St. Petersburg and abroad. Returning to diplomacy in 1886, he became First Secretary at the Embassy in Vienna, and from 1897 to 1903 he was the Ambassador to Denmark. The Copenhagen post gave him a vantage point for watching the principal moving powers of European politics since the matrimonial alliances of the Danish royal family occasionally brought together in a friendly family circle the widow of Alexander III, Nicholas II and the Prince of Wales who was to become King Edward VII. In this way, Count von Benckendorff received his initiation into the spirit of an Anglo-Russian rapprochement even before it actually resulted in an entente.

From January 1903^[1] until his death in 1917, he was the Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, the chief Russian diplomat in the United Kingdom. His major achievement was to organize the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907, which solidified relations between the two countries and helped create the Triple Entente, which, unlike the Triple Alliance or the Franco-Russian Alliance itself, was not an alliance of mutual defense. This broad diplomatic alignment would later form the Allies of World War I. He also formally proposed the agenda for the Second Hague Conference of 1907.^[2]

Death

Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from influenza^[3]^[4] and was buried in Westminster Cathedral, where he had worshipped weekly. Von Benckendorff was a convert to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism.^[5]

Family

Alexander married on 16 October 1879 in St. Petersburg Countess Sophie Shuvalova (St. Petersburg, 16 October 1857 – Ipswich, 28 May 1928), a granddaughter of Lev Naryshkin and Olga Potocka. They had three children:

Count Constantine Alexandrovich (15 September 1880 – 25 September 1959), married in 1922 to Maria Korchinska, had issue.
Count Peter Alexandrovich (19 January 1882 – 27 May 1915), married in 1909 to Elena Naryshkina, no issue.
Countess Nathalie Louise Alexandrovna (20 May 1886 – 14 March 1968), married in 1911 to Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley, had issue.

Alexander's daughter Nathalie married Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley, and they had five children. Their son Jasper Maurice Alexander Ridley (London, 20 April 1913 – Killed in Italy, 13 December 1943) married Helen Laura Cressida Bonham Carter (London, 22 April 1917 – Salisbury, 10 June 1998), a granddaughter of former British Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith. Jasper Maurice was also the father of economist Adam Ridley.^[6]

The eldest son Constantine married harpist Maria Korchinska.^[7] A younger son Peter was killed in one of the first battles of World War I on the East Prussian front.

Honours and awards

Russian

Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds "for ex-zealous service."
Order of the White Eagle
Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd and 3rd classes
Order of St. Anna, 1st degree
Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree

Foreign

United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 18 November 1907^[8]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Alexander von Benckendorff (diplomat)

8. Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff

4. Konstantin Christoforovich von Benkendorff

9. Baroness Anna Juliane Schilling von Cannstatt

2. Count Konstantin Alexander von Benckendorff

10. Count Maximilian von Alopaeus

5. Natalia von Alopaeus

11. Friederike Wilhelmine von Quast

1. Count Alexander Konstantinovich von Benckendorff

12. Auguste, 9th Duke of Croÿ

6. Prince Philippe von Croÿ-Dülmen

13. Anne-Victurnienne-Henriette de Rochechouart de Mortemart

3. Princess Louise Johanne von Croÿ-Dülmen

14. Konstantin, 3rd Prince of Salm-Salm

7. Princess Johanna Wilhelmine Auguste of Salm-Salm

15. Countess Maria Walburga von Sternberg-Manderscheid

References

Obituary: p. 153-4, The Annual Register: a review of public events at home and abroad, for the year 1917. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1918.

Vinogradoff, Paul (1922). "Benckendorff, Alexander, Count" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

Sources

^ "No. 27518". The London Gazette. 23 January 1903. p. 465.
^ A Pearce Higgins, "The Hague Peace Conferences", (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1999), pp. 53–5.
^ "The lamplighters of London". Embassy Network. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
^ Oxford, John S.; Gill, Douglas (23 May 2019). "A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 15 (9): 2009–2012. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 6773402. PMID 31121112.
^ Mark Langham (14 December 2007). "Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt". Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
^ Charles Mosley, ed., Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, vol. 1 (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage, 1999), p. 30
^ "Obituary: Nathalie Brooke, a leading figure in the preservation of Venice". www.theartnewspaper.com. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
^ The London Gazette, issue 28082, p. 7895

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Russian diplomat}}
-[[Image:Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff.jpg|thumb|right|Count Benckendorff]]
+[[Image:Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff.jpg|thumb|right|Count von Benckendorff]]
-Count '''Alexander Philipp Konstantin Ludwig von Benckendorff''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Александр Константинович Бенкендорф}}, Alexander Konstantinovich Benkendorf; 1 August 1849 – 11 January 1917) was a Russian diplomat, of [[Baltic German]] heritage, who served as ambassador to Denmark and the United Kingdom.
+Count '''Alexander Philipp Konstantin Ludwig von Benckendorff''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Александр Константинович Бенкендорф}}, Alexander Konstantinovich Benkendorf; 1 August 1849 – 11 January 1917) was a [[Russian Empire|Russian]] diplomat, of [[Baltic German]] heritage, who served as ambassador to Denmark and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].
-==Biography==
+== Biography ==
-He was born in 1849, the son of Count Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Maximilian von Benckendorff ([[Berlin]], 22 October 1816 – [[Paris]], 29 January 1858) and wife ([[Potsdam]], 20 June 1848) Princess Louise Constantine Nathalie Johanne de Croy ([[Anholt, Germany|Anholt]], 2 November 1825 – [[Meran]], 8 January 1890), grandson of General Count [[Konstantin von Benckendorff]] and grandnephew of General Count [[Alexander von Benckendorff]], and was educated in France and Germany before entering the diplomatic service in 1869. He began as an attaché in [[Florence, Italy|Florence]], and eventually served in Rome. He resigned in 1876 and lived nearly ten years on his estates, in [[St. Petersburg]] and abroad.
+He was born in 1849, the son of Count Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Maximilian von Benckendorff ([[Berlin]], 22 October 1816 – [[Paris]], 29 January 1858) and wife ([[Potsdam]], 20 June 1848) Princess Louise Constantine Nathalie Johanne von Croÿ-Dülmen ([[Anholt, Germany|Anholt]], 2 November 1825 – [[Meran]], 8 January 1890), grandson of General [[Konstantin von Benckendorff]] and grandnephew of General Count [[Alexander von Benckendorff]]. He was also the second cousin of [[Princess Isabella of Croÿ|Archduchess Isabella of Teschen]] through his mother's family.
-Returning to diplomacy in 1886, he became First Secretary at the [[Embassy of Russia in Vienna|Embassy in Vienna]], and from 1897 to 1903 he was the Ambassador to [[Denmark]]. The [[Copenhagen]] post gave him a vantage point for watching the principal moving powers of European politics since the matrimonial alliances of the Danish royal family occasionally brought together in a friendly family circle the widow of [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] and the [[Prince of Wales]] who was to become King [[Edward VII]]. In this way, Count Benckendorff received his initiation into the spirit of an Anglo-Russian rapprochement even before it actually resulted in an [[wikt:entente|entente]].
+Alexander Konstantinovich was educated in France and Germany before entering the diplomatic service in 1869. He began as an attaché in [[Florence, Italy|Florence]], and eventually served in [[Rome]]. He resigned in 1876 and lived nearly ten years on his estates, in [[St. Petersburg]] and abroad. Returning to diplomacy in 1886, he became First Secretary at the [[Embassy of Russia in Vienna|Embassy in Vienna]], and from 1897 to 1903 he was the Ambassador to [[Denmark]]. The [[Copenhagen]] post gave him a vantage point for watching the principal moving powers of European politics since the matrimonial alliances of the Danish royal family occasionally brought together in a friendly family circle the widow of [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] and the [[Prince of Wales]] who was to become King [[Edward VII]]. In this way, Count von Benckendorff received his initiation into the spirit of an Anglo-Russian rapprochement even before it actually resulted in an [[wikt:entente|entente]].
-From 1903 until his death in 1917, he was the Ambassador to the [[Court of St. James's]], the chief Russian diplomat in the United Kingdom. His major achievement was to organize the signing of the [[Anglo-Russian Entente]] in 1907, which solidified relations between the two nations and helped create the [[Triple Entente]], which, unlike the Triple Alliance or the Franco-Russian Alliance itself, was not an alliance of mutual defense. This broad diplomatic alignment would later form the Allied Powers of the [[First World War]]. He also formally proposed the agenda for the Second Hague Conference of 1907.<ref>A Pearce Higgins, "The Hague Peace Conferences", (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1999), pp. 53–5.</ref>
+From January 1903<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27518|page=465|date=23 January 1903}}</ref> until his death in 1917, he was the Ambassador to the [[Court of St. James's]], the chief Russian diplomat in the United Kingdom. His major achievement was to organize the signing of the [[Anglo-Russian Entente]] in 1907, which solidified relations between the two countries and helped create the [[Triple Entente]], which, unlike the [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] or the [[Franco-Russian Alliance]] itself, was not an alliance of mutual defense. This broad diplomatic alignment would later form the [[Allies of World War I]]. He also formally proposed the agenda for the [[Second Hague Conference]] of 1907.<ref>A Pearce Higgins, "The Hague Peace Conferences", (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1999), pp. 53–5.</ref>
-==Death==
+== Death ==
-Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from [[influenza]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=nish@gangbee.com|first=Nish de silva|date=2015-10-30|title=The lamplighters of London|url=https://embassymagazine.com/the-lamplighters-of-london/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Embassy Network|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oxford|first1=John S.|last2=Gill|first2=Douglas|date=2019-05-23|title=A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian|journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics|volume=15|issue=9|pages=2009–2012|doi=10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711|issn=2164-5515|pmc=6773402|pmid=31121112}}</ref> and was buried in [[Westminster Cathedral]], where he had worshipped weekly. Benckendorff was a convert to [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] from [[Lutheranism]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Langham |url=http://westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br/2007/12/russian-in-crypt.html |title=Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt |publisher=Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br |date=14 December 2007 |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>
+Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from [[influenza]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-30|title=The lamplighters of London|url=https://embassymagazine.com/the-lamplighters-of-london/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Embassy Network|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oxford|first1=John S.|last2=Gill|first2=Douglas|date=2019-05-23|title=A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian|journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics|volume=15|issue=9|pages=2009–2012|doi=10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711|issn=2164-5515|pmc=6773402|pmid=31121112}}</ref> and was buried in [[Westminster Cathedral]], where he had worshipped weekly. Von Benckendorff was a convert to [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] from [[Lutheranism]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Langham |url=http://westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br/2007/12/russian-in-crypt.html |title=Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt |publisher=Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br |date=14 December 2007 |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>
-==Family==
+== Family ==
-Alexander married on 16 October 1879 in St. Petersburg Countess Sophie [[Shuvalov|Shuvalova]] (St. Petersburg, 16 October 1857 – [[Ipswich]], 28 May 1928), granddaughter of [[Lev Naryshkin]] and [[Olga Potocka]]. They had three children:
+Alexander married on 16 October 1879 in St. Petersburg Countess Sophie [[Shuvalov]]a (St. Petersburg, 16 October 1857 – [[Ipswich]], 28 May 1928), a granddaughter of [[Lev Naryshkin]] and [[Olga Potocka]]. They had three children:
-*Count Constantine Alexandrovich (15 September 1880 – 25 September 1959), Married in 1922 to [[Maria Korchinska]], had issue.
+* Count Constantine Alexandrovich (15 September 1880 – 25 September 1959), married in 1922 to [[Maria Korchinska]], had issue.
-*Count Peter Alexandrovich (19 January 1882 – 27 May 1915), Married in 1909 to Elena Naryshkina, no issue.
+* Count Peter Alexandrovich (19 January 1882 – 27 May 1915), married in 1909 to Elena Naryshkina, no issue.
-*Countess Nathalie Louise Alexandrovna (20 May 1886 – 14 March 1968), Married in 1911 to Sir [[Jasper Nicholas Ridley]], had issue.
+* Countess Nathalie Louise Alexandrovna (20 May 1886 – 14 March 1968), married in 1911 to Sir [[Jasper Nicholas Ridley]], had issue.
-Alexander's daughter Nathalie married British banker Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley, and they had five children. Their son Jasper Maurice Ridley (1913–1944) married Helen Laura Cressida Bonham Carter (1917–1999), the granddaughter of former British [[Prime Minister of United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Herbert Henry Asquith]], 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith. Jasper Maurice was also the father of economist [[Adam Ridley]].<ref>Charles Mosley, ed., ''Burke's Peerage and Baronetage'', 106th edition, vol. 1 (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage, 1999), p. 30</ref>
+Alexander's daughter Nathalie married Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley, and they had five children. Their son Jasper Maurice Alexander Ridley (London, 20 April 1913 – Killed in Italy, 13 December 1943) married Helen Laura Cressida Bonham Carter (London, 22 April 1917 – [[Salisbury]], 10 June 1998), a granddaughter of former British [[Prime Minister of United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Herbert Henry Asquith]], 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith. Jasper Maurice was also the father of economist [[Adam Ridley]].<ref>Charles Mosley, ed., ''Burke's Peerage and Baronetage'', 106th edition, vol. 1 (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage, 1999), p. 30</ref>
-The eldest son Constantine married harpist Maria Korchinska.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary: Nathalie Brooke, a leading figure in the preservation of Venice|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/feature/nathalie-brooke|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.theartnewspaper.com}}</ref> A younger son Peter was died in one of the first battles of World War I on the East Prussian front.
+The eldest son Constantine married harpist Maria Korchinska.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary: Nathalie Brooke, a leading figure in the preservation of Venice|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/feature/nathalie-brooke|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|date=25 October 2019 }}</ref> A younger son Peter was killed in one of the first battles of World War I on the East Prussian front.
-==Honours and awards==
+== Honours and awards ==
+=== Russian ===
 * [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]] with diamonds "for ex-zealous service."
-* [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]
+* [[Order of the White Eagle (Russian Empire)|Order of the White Eagle]]
 * [[Order of St. Vladimir]], 2nd and 3rd classes
 * [[Order of St. Anna]], 1st degree
 * [[Order of St. Stanislaus]], 1st degree
-* Foreign awards
-==Notes==
+=== Foreign ===
+* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''18 November 1907''<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28082/page/7895 ''The London Gazette''], issue 28082, p. 7895</ref>
-{{more footnotes|date=February 2014}}
-{{reflist}}
-==References==
+== Ancestry ==
+{{ahnentafel
+|collapsed=yes |align=center
+|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
+|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
+|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
+|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
+|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
+|1= 1. '''Count Alexander Konstantinovich von Benckendorff'''
+|2= 2. Count Konstantin Alexander von Benckendorff
+|3= 3. Princess Louise Johanne von Croÿ-Dülmen
+|4= 4. [[Konstantin von Benckendorff|Konstantin Christoforovich von Benkendorff]]
+|5= 5. Natalia von Alopaeus
+|6= 6. Prince Philippe von Croÿ-Dülmen
+|7= 7. Princess Johanna Wilhelmine Auguste of Salm-Salm
+|8= 8. Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff
+|9= 9. Baroness Anna Juliane Schilling von Cannstatt
+|10= 10. [[Maximilian von Alopaeus|Count Maximilian von Alopaeus]]
+|11= 11. Friederike Wilhelmine von Quast
+|12= 12. Auguste, 9th Duke of Croÿ
+|13= 13. Anne-Victurnienne-Henriette de Rochechouart de Mortemart
+|14= 14. Konstantin, 3rd Prince of Salm-Salm
+|15= 15. Countess Maria Walburga von Sternberg-Manderscheid
+}}
+== References ==
 *Obituary: p.&nbsp;153-4, ''The Annual Register: a review of public events at home and abroad, for the year 1917''. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1918.
 {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
 *{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Benckendorff, Alexander, Count|volume=30|first=Paul|last=Vinogradoff|authorlink=Paul Vinogradoff}}
+;Sources
-==Further reading==
+{{reflist}}
+== Further reading ==
 * {{cite web |last=Lundy |first =Darryl |date=20 June 2005 |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p9760.htm#i97593 |title=Alexander Graf von Benckendorff |page=9760 §97593 |publisher=peerage.com}}
 *{{cite web|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=Woe%3D123219116&method=simpleSearch |title=DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek |language=de |publisher=Portal.dnb.de |access-date=1 February 2014}}
@@ Line 52: / Line 80: @@
 [[Category:Deaths from influenza]]
 [[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism]]
-[[Category:Russian nobility]]
+[[Category:Counts of the Russian Empire]]
 [[Category:Diplomats of the Russian Empire]]
 [[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]

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