Rohde & Schwarz: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|German electronics company}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{Prose|date=November 2021}} |
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{{Third-party|date=November 2021}} |
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{{Self-published|date=November 2021}} |
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}} |
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{{Infobox company |
{{Infobox company |
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| name = Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG |
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| logo = RS Logo.jpg |
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| foundation = 17 November 1933 |
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| foundation = 17 November 1933 |
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| founder = Dr. Lothar Rohde & Dr. Hermann Schwarz |
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| founder = Lothar Rohde & Hermann Schwarz |
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| location = [[Munich]], [[Germany]] |
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| location = [[Munich]], Germany |
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| key_people = Christian Leicher, President & CEO, Peter Riedel, President & COO |
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| key_people = Christian Leicher, President & CEO, Markus Fischer, COO, Andreas Pauly, CTO <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/us/about/overview/company-profile/company-profile_229412.html|title=Company profile}}</ref> |
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| num_employees = Around 13,800(FY 2022/23)<ref name="auto"/> |
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| revenue = [[Euro|€]]2.53 [[1000000000 (number)|Billion]] (FY 2021/22)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/about/news-press/all-news/rohde-schwarz-closes-fiscal-year-successfully-despite-global-uncertainty-press-release-detailpage_229356-1292032.html?change_c=true |title = Rohde & Schwarz consistently aligns business performance for further growth}}</ref> |
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| revenue = [[Euro|€]]2.78 billion (FY 2022/23)<ref name="auto"/> |
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| homepage = [https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/ www.rohde-schwarz.com] |
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| homepage = [https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/ www.rohde-schwarz.com] |
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}} |
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'''Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|d|ə|...|ˈ|ʃ|w|ɔr|t|s}}, {{IPA |
'''Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|d|ə|...|ˈ|ʃ|w|ɔr|t|s}} {{respell|ROH|də|_..._|SHWORTS}}, {{IPA|de|ˈʁoːdə ʔʊnt ˈʃvaʁts|lang}}) is an international [[electronics]] group specializing in the fields of [[electronic test equipment]], broadcast & media, [[cybersecurity]], radiomonitoring and [[radiolocation]], and [[radiocommunication]]. The company provides also products for the wireless communications, [[electronics industry]], aerospace and defense, homeland security and critical infrastructures. |
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In addition to the [[Munich]] headquarters, there are regional headquarters in the [[United States]] ([[Columbia, Maryland]]) and in Asia ([[Singapore]]) |
In addition to the [[Munich]] headquarters, there are regional headquarters in the [[United States]] ([[Columbia, Maryland]]) and in Asia ([[Singapore]]). Worldwide the company has a total of around 13,800 employees<ref name="auto"/> in over 70 countries. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The company was founded by [[:de:Lothar Rohde|Lothar Rohde]] and [[:de:Hermann Schwarz (Industrieller)|Hermann Schwarz]] who met while studying physics in [[Jena]]. They built their first T&M instrument in 1932, and in August 1933, the ''Physikalisch-Technisches Entwicklungslabor Dr. Rohde & Dr. Schwarz'' (known as ''PTE'') started in business.{{cn}} |
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=== PTE and World War 2 === |
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In May 2022, Rohde & Schwarz announced the acquisition of UK based technology training and development company The Technology Academy. The Technology company specialises in web-based training in the fields of radio frequency, wireless and microwave engineering technology.<ref>{{cite journal|date=4 May 2022|url= https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/18080/rohde-schwarz-enhances-digital-training-offerings-through-acquisition-of-the-technology-academy|title=Rohde & Schwarz enhances digital training offerings through acquisition of The Technology Academy|journal=Electronics360|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> |
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The company was founded by [[:de:Lothar Rohde|Lothar Rohde]] and [[:de:Hermann Schwarz (Industrieller)|Hermann Schwarz]] who met while studying physics in [[Jena]]. They built their first T&M instrument in 1932, and in August 1933, the ''Physikalisch-Technisches Entwicklungslabor Dr. Rohde & Dr. Schwarz'' (known as ''PTE'') started in business. |
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Ceramic insulation for frequencies above 1 MHz were improved in second half of the 1920s when German firm Hermsdorf-Schomburg-Isolatoren-Gesellschaft, also known as Hescho produced new types of ceramic material with very low loss at RF, due to the absence of iron. These parts were difficult to measure, but PTE developed suitable test equipment. |
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== Product areas == |
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In 1934, a British manufacturer of electrical insulation placed an order with them for a similar device. In 1937, the small laboratory moved into a former bakery on Tassiloplatz, not far from [[Ostbahnhof (Munich U-Bahn)|Munich's Ostbahnhof]]. Rohde & Schwarz already employed 35 workers and offered 24 different devices in its catalog at this time. In 1938, it manufactured the first portable quartz clock with a weight of 36 kg. |
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=== T&M equipment=== |
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Rohde & Schwarz provides T&M [[Innovation|solution]]s for all mobile radio and wireless technologies, from [[6G (network)|6G]], [[5G]], [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]], [[UMTS]]/[[Evolved HSPA|HSPA(+)]], [[GSM]] and [[CDMA2000]] to [[Bluetooth]], [[GPS]] and wireless internet access via [[WLAN]] and [[WiMAX]]TM. |
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PTE Started a second factory "Messgerätebau GmbH" in 1941 in [[Allgäu]] on the Swiss border. The Wehrmacht's sustained demand for radio equipment forced manufacturers to concede their production as part of the militarization of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich's Economy]]. The measurement equipment for HF-technology promoted the development of radar and radio systems of [[Wehrmacht]] in [[World War II|WW2]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About WWII RADIO SETS |url=https://www.kriegsfunker.com/german_radios.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |website= kriegsfunker.com}}</ref> |
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The company offers products needed in the development and manufacturing of chipsets, mobile devices and base stations, as well as network operations. Rohde & Schwarz developed [[signal generators]] and analyzers for the specific requirements of [[5G]] and [[LTE-Advanced]]. |
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[[File:Echelon Field Station 81 in Bad Aibling.jpg|thumb|BND / NSA Bad Aibling station, also used as [[ECHELON|Echelon]] Field Station 81 equipped with Rohde & Schwarz RF-Sattelit interception technology]] |
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=== Internationalisation after 1945 === |
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For the aerospace and defense industry, Rohde & Schwarz develops [[Electronic test equipment]] for microwave links as well as for radar and satellite communications systems. In addition, the company provides complete systems for [[Electromagnetic compatibility|EMC]] and field strength testing, for example to detect electromagnetic disturbance in automotive electronics. |
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After business activities were resumed in 1945, the [[United States Army|US Army]] placed a major order to equip the then [[Erding Air Base|United States Air Force base in Erding]] that ensured the company's continued existence. In the same year the company was renamed Rohde & Schwarz (R&S).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lothar Rohde |url=https://www.rohde-stiftung.de/de/rohde-stiftung/lothar-rohde.html |access-date=2023-10-10 |website= Rohde-Stiftung |language=de}}</ref> |
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The company became one of the most important suppliers for radar and reconnaissance companies of the newly founded [[Bundeswehr]]. The company also quickly worked closely with the [[Federal Intelligence Service|German Federal Intelligence Service]], which was founded in 1956. |
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In 2010, Rohde & Schwarz launched the world's first [[oscilloscope]] with a digital trigger.<ref>[http://www.microwave-eetimes.com/en/real-time-oscilloscopes-from-rohde-schwarz-boast-the-first-digital-trigger-and-long-acquisition-times.html?cmp_id=71&news_id=222900900 Microwave Engineering]</ref> |
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=== Since 2000 === |
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Although the US secret services operated [[Signals intelligence|SIGINT]] reconnaissance stations in cooperation with BND, for example in [[Bad Aibling Station|Bad Aibling]], Rohde & Schwarz's communications were also intercepted by NSA. Rohde & Schwarz is or was on an NSA hit list made public by [[2010s global surveillance disclosures|2010 surveillance disclosures]] of [[2010s global surveillance disclosures|Edward Snowden]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-04 |title=BND Intelligence Scandal Puts Merkel in Tight Place |language=en |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/bnd-intelligence-scandal-puts-merkel-in-tight-place-a-1031944.html |access-date=2023-10-15 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref><ref>https://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/135322467 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> |
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The company has been active in TV and sound [[broadcasting]]. Rohde & Schwarz transmitters and T&M equipment are in use for analog and digital television. Rohde & Schwarz supports the world's most common [[digital broadcasting]] standards. The company offers equipment for [[ATSC-M/H|ATSC Mobile DTV]] in North America, [[ISDB-T]] in Asia and Latin America and [[DVB-T2]] in Europe. In 2018 Rohde & Schwarz transmitters were installed on One World Trade Center in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|title=Broadcasters move to One World Trade Center with Rohde & Schwarz transmitters|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/de/unternehmen/news-und-presse/details/pressebereich/pressemitteilungen-detailseiten/pressemitteilungen-detailseite_229356-524865.html|access-date=2021-12-09|last=|date=2018-02-01|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> |
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[[File:HAMEG scope dual logo.JPG|thumb|HAMEG scope with dual logo in 2012]] |
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In 2012 R&S acquired the traditional German manufacturer for oscilloscope technology [[Hameg|HAMEG]]. In 2016 the company was fully integrated to R&S and the products only branded with "Rohde & Schwarz". |
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In 2018 a joint venture with [[Rheinmetall]] was established: RRS-MITCOS was designed to develop digital solutions for the German Bundeswehr.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vernetzte Waffenschmieden – Rüstungsindustrie in Deutschland |url=https://www.rosalux.de/vernetzte-waffenschmieden |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung |language=de-DE}}</ref> |
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In the field of [[mobile TV]], Rohde & Schwarz sells T&M equipment for the installation, maintenance and monitoring of broadcasting networks. It also supplies consumer electronics manufacturers with the T&M equipment they need for the development and production of [[satellite receivers]] and TV sets, including for HD and 3D formats. |
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In 2022 R&S acquired the Siegburger company Schönhofer Sales and Engineering GmbH, SSE. The company develops analytic systems for IT and integration of KI analytic tools.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bundeswehr-journal.de/2022/signal-intelligence-rohde-schwarz-uebernimmt-sse/#more-14787 | title=Signal Intelligence: Rohde & Schwarz übernimmt SSE - bundeswehr-journal | date=17 July 2022 }}</ref> |
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At the end of 2010, Rohde & Schwarz acquired DVS Digital Video Systems GmbH which was fully integrated in 2016 and ceased existing. In May 2017, Rohde & Schwarz acquired the technology of Motama GmbH.,<ref name="auto1"/> which expands the company's product portfolio for interruption-free transmission of audio and video content in IP networks. Furthermore in November 2018, Pixel Power Ltd. was acquired to enhance television branding, graphics, automation, master control and playout.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/about/news-press/all-news/rohde-schwarz-acquires-pixel-power-limited-and-strengthens-its-broadcast-media-business-press-release-detailpage_229356-596120.html?change_c=true|title=Rohde & Schwarz acquires Pixel Power Limited and strengthens its Broadcast & Media business|website=www.rohde-schwarz.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref> Thus the portfolio now includes solutions for the entire transmission chain for audiovisual content – from camera output and terrestrial broadcasting to transmission via satellites and IP networks. |
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In May 2022, Rohde & Schwarz announced the acquisition of UK based technology training and development company The Technology Academy. The technology company specialises in web-based training in the fields of radio frequency, wireless and microwave engineering technology.<ref>{{cite journal|date=4 May 2022|url= https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/18080/rohde-schwarz-enhances-digital-training-offerings-through-acquisition-of-the-technology-academy|title=Rohde & Schwarz enhances digital training offerings through acquisition of The Technology Academy|journal=Electronics360|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> |
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=== Networks and Cybersecurity === |
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This business field offers secure WAN, LAN and WLAN network infrastructure components and products to protect data transmission, devices and applications. |
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R&S has grown from just over 6,500 employees in 2010 to over 13,000 in 2022 and is represented at 70 locations worldwide. This growth was not exclusively organic, but also included company acquisitions such as Lancom - one of the leading manufacturers of network infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unternehmensbesuch bei Rohde & Schwarz |url=https://www.reservistenverband.de/bayern/muenchen-ost/aktuelles/unternehmensbesuch-bei-rohde-schwarz/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Reservistenverband |language=de-DE}}</ref> |
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=== Secure communications === |
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Rohde & Schwarz supplies interoperable radiocommunications systems for military, government and civil applications. It also worked on the development of [[software defined radio]] (SDR). At the end of 2008 the German armed forces commissioned the company to develop an SDR base unit for their future joint radio system (SVFuA). |
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In 2023, R&S received a comprehensive contract worth several billion to update the [[Communication systems of the Bundeswehr|communications systems]] and equip almost all military units in the German [[Bundeswehr]] with its SOVERON digital radio system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundeswehr-Sondervermögen und Digitalfunk: Geld allein macht nicht glücklich – Augen geradeaus! |url=https://augengeradeaus.net/2023/06/bundeswehr-sondervermoegen-und-digitalfunk-geld-allein-macht-nicht-gluecklich/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=augengeradeaus.net}}</ref> |
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== Products == |
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[[File:Hameg HM203-6 front.jpg|thumb|Typical two channel oscilloscope by HAMEG, HM203-6 ]] |
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With its three Test & Measurement, Technology Systems and Networks & Cybersecurity divisions the company generated net revenue of EUR 2.78 billion in the 2022/23 fiscal year.<ref>[https://www.connect-professional.de/markt/rohde-schwarz-beendet-geschaeftsjahr-erfolgreich.328023.html Connect professional]</ref> |
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R&S subsidiary for oscilloscopes HAMEG was producing the standard testing equipment for companies, schools and universities in Germany. In 2010, Rohde & Schwarz launched the world's first [[oscilloscope]] with a digital trigger.<ref>[http://www.microwave-eetimes.com/en/real-time-oscilloscopes-from-rohde-schwarz-boast-the-first-digital-trigger-and-long-acquisition-times.html?cmp_id=71&news_id=222900900 Microwave Engineering]</ref> |
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More than 200 airports deploy Rohde & Schwarz radiocommunications systems. In 2011, the company began selling voice communications systems for [[air traffic control]] (ATC). These systems are based on a product from Topex SA, a company in which Rohde & Schwarz acquired a majority interest in 2010.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217031727/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=22681075 Bloomberg businessweek]</ref> |
More than 200 airports deploy Rohde & Schwarz radiocommunications systems. In 2011, the company began selling voice communications systems for [[air traffic control]] (ATC). These systems are based on a product from Topex SA, a company in which Rohde & Schwarz acquired a majority interest in 2010.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217031727/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=22681075 Bloomberg businessweek]</ref> |
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Rohde & Schwarz SIT GmbH develops crypto products and systems for government agencies, the German armed forces, authorities, the military and private industry. The subsidiary's high-security encryption technology is used for both wireless and wireline communications. As early as 2001, Rohde & Schwarz SIT launched the world's first [[crypto phone]] TopSec GSM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ia.nato.int/niapc/Product/TopSec-GSM-VIP_323|title=NIA - NATO Information Assurance}}</ref> |
Rohde & Schwarz SIT GmbH develops crypto products and systems for government agencies, the German armed forces, authorities, the military and private industry. The subsidiary's high-security encryption technology is used for both wireless and wireline communications. As early as 2001, Rohde & Schwarz SIT launched the world's first [[crypto phone]] TopSec GSM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ia.nato.int/niapc/Product/TopSec-GSM-VIP_323|title=NIA - NATO Information Assurance}}</ref> |
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=== IT-Network technology and cybersecurity === |
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R&S provides product families for secure communication via WAN-, LAN- and WiFi-networks for business and state authorities. |
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Rohde & Schwarz develops stationary and mobile systems for detecting, locating and analyzing radiocommunications signals.<ref name="rohde-schwarz-analyzers">{{cite web| url=http://dmliefer.ru/content/rohde-schwarz| title=Rohde & Schwarz products| access-date=2013-12-18}}</ref> Rohde & Schwarz provides authorities and services with [[Innovation|solution]]s for identifying and locating suspicious communications activities. The company sells products such as [[Receiver (radio)|receivers]], [[Radio direction finder|direction finders]], [[signal analyzer]]s and antennas, as well as customized systems. |
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=== Military SIGINT, ELINT and EW technology === |
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[[Satellite monitoring]] also plays an important role at Rohde & Schwarz. [[Innovation|Solution]]s include both stationary and mobile systems enabling government agencies worldwide to intercept satellite-based voice and data communications. In this field, Rohde & Schwarz is supported by its French subsidiary Arpège SAS. |
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R&S provides [[ELINT]] systems for comprehensive intelligence gathering capability especially for modern radar signals. Digital wideband recording preserves all signal properties such as instantaneous amplitude, frequency and phase and detects also [[Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave|frequency-modulated continuous wave]] (FMCW) radars and [[Solid-state electronics|solid-state radars]] operating at very low power level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KG |first=Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co |title=Strategic SIGINT solutions |url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/at/loesungen/aerospace-defense-security/defense/signal-intelligence-electronic-warfare/strategic-sigint/strategische-sigint-loesungen_91494.html |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.rohde-schwarz.com |language=de-at}}</ref> |
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=== Radio communication networks for armed forces === |
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In 2011, Rohde & Schwarz acquired ipoque GmbH, which develops software solutions used to detect and monitor network applications online. |
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R&S supplies interoperable radio communication systems for military, government and civilian use. Like its competitor [[Thales Group|Thales]], [[Elbit Systems|Elbit]] etc, the company develops [[Software-defined radio|software-defined radio devices]] (SDR). At R&S, radio and telecommunications reconnaissance have always been the highest-earning business areas with a small number of customers. |
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==== SOVERON ==== |
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Soveron is a family of SDR radios for military tactical communication, developed by R&S. The radios work at HF, UHF and VHF spectrums and are based on an internationally common [[Software Communications Architecture]] standard with backward compatibility. The frequency spectrum ranges from 30 to 600 MHz; simultaneous transmission of voice and data in each radio channel with up to two voice channels is possible. The "Transect" fast frequency hopping technology provides robustness against jamming attacks. For bandwidth efficient voice compression is a [[MELPe]] codec used.<ref>https://scdn.rohde-schwarz.com/ur/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/SOVERON_D_fly_en_3609-2500-32_v0100_120dpi.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> Soveron is already used by a number of NATO and non-NATO forces.<ref>{{Cite web |last=André |date=2020-10-13 |title=Erster Exporterfolg für Soveron Funkgeräte |url=https://zur-lage.com/2020/10/erster-exporterfolg-fuer-soveron-funkgeraete/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Zur Lage |language=de-DE}}</ref> |
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Rohde & Schwarz developed a detection system called ADRONIS which monitors UAVs and features a direction finding function. The technology can be used to interrupt the control signal and prevent drones carrying out manoeuvres. The R&S "Guardion" Anti UAV-System is based on the "Adronis" System but provides a [[Diehl Defence]] developed electromagnetic countermeasure capability. GUARDION operates against drones in stationary, mobile or deployable configurations by detecting the Uplink-signals and Downlink-Signals of the UAV at 433 MHz, 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz. The system is backed by a library of Drone-Controllsignals to classify any UAV.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KG |first=Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co |title=R&S®ARDRONIS stellt sich der C-UAS-Herausforderung |url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/de/unternehmen/stories/r-s-ardronis-meets-the-c-uas-challenge/r-s-ardronis-meets-c-uas-challenge_251861.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=www.rohde-schwarz.com |language=de-de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Butterworth-Hayes |first=Philip |date=2019-08-21 |title=Rohde & Schwarz, ESG and Diehl Defence offer multi-sensor C-UAS solution |url=https://www.unmannedairspace.info/counter-uas-systems-and-policies/rohde-schwarz-esg-and-diehl-defence-offer-multi-sensor-c-uas-solution/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Unmanned airspace |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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When the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian war of aggression on Ukraine]] started in 2022, the [[Cabinet of Germany|German government]] under Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] (SPD) decided on an [[Off-budget fund (Germany)|off-budget fund]] ("Sondervermögen") for fitting of German armed forces for example by a state of the art command and information system''.'' Rohde & Schwarz was awarded the contract for 2.9 billion EUR in 2022 for ''Armed Forces Joint Connected Radio Equipment'' (Streitkräftegemeinsame verbundfähige Funkausstattung (SVFuA)) and will deliver its Soveron program. |
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=== Service, support and system integration === |
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Rohde & Schwarz has a service and sales network. |
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Public known users of Soveron are the [[Portuguese Army]], the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] and an unidentified Asian armed force. |
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R&S Systems GmbH develops and integrates turnkey systems within the Rohde & Schwarz business fields and puts them into operation at customer premises. The system portfolio includes infotainment test systems for automobile production, mobile ATC systems as well as complete electronics workshops for technical service. R&S Systems also offers customized [[Innovation|solution]]s in addition to standard products. |
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=== Civil analytic and electronic test equipment for microwave and HF === |
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Gedis GmbH is another Rohde & Schwarz system house. This subsidiary specializes in automatic test equipment (ATE) for testing electronic assemblies and modules. Its product portfolio ranges from compact manual test systems to turnkey, automatic in-line systems. |
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The company supplies measurement solutions for cellular and wireless technologies from [[6G]], 5G, LTE, [[GSM]], UMTS/HSPA(+), [[CDMA2000]] to Bluetooth, [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] and wireless Internet access via WLAN and [[WiMAX]]. It offers devices for the development and production of chipsets, mobile devices and base stations. Network operators use Rohde & Schwarz products to plan, build and monitor their networks. R&S has developed suitable signal generators and analyzers for 5G and LTE Advanced. |
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Rohde & Schwarz develops measuring devices for radio links as well as radar and satellite communication systems for the aviation and defense industries. The company also offers complete systems for [[Electromagnetic compatibility|EMC]] and [[field strength meter]]s. These are used for example to detect electromagnetic interference in automotive electronics. |
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== Products == |
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* [[Electronic test equipment|Test and measurement]] |
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=== Broadcast technology === |
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* [[Spectrum analyzer]] |
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From the early days R&S developed transmitter for various use. After WW II the company developed transmitters and instruments for radio and TV broadcasting. Rohde & Schwarz provides transmitters for analog and digital TV; in the US also in the [[ATSC standards|ATSC]] standard, in Asia and South-America for [[ISDB-T International|ISDB-T]] and in [[DVB-T2]] for europe. |
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* [[Signal generator]]s |
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* [[Network analyzer (electrical)|Network analyzer]]s |
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By acquiring smaller companies since 2015, R&S could offer a whole portfolio also for TV- and radio production, as well as transmitting the program. |
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* [[Oscilloscope]] |
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* Analog and Digital Audio and TV Broadcast [[Transmitters]] |
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=== Body scanner === |
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* Professional radio systems |
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Since 2016, Rohde & Schwarz has been manufacturing [[Full body scanner|body scanners]] under the product name QPS (Quick Personnel Security Scanner). The devices are used in addition to baggage screening in airport check-in areas and other access-controlled areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohde & Schwarz awarded major security scanner contract {{!}} 2016-08-11 {{!}} Microwave Journal |url=https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/26957-rohde-schwarz-awarded-major-security-scanner-contract |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.microwavejournal.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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* Secure Communication |
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* Radiomonitoring |
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== Customer == |
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* [[radiolocation|Radiolocation systems]] |
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R&S is equipping German Bundeswehr and German Intelligent agency as well as military and state agencies worldwide. According to their own webpage, R&S has delivered technology to more than 40 navies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KG |first=Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co |title=Communication systems {{!}} Naval systems |url=https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/at/loesungen/aerospace-defense-security/defense/naval-systems/communications-systems/communications-systems-overview_251501.html |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.rohde-schwarz.com |language=de-at}}</ref> |
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* Full security scanners |
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* Software for technical documentations ([[S1000D]], BESTD, IETD) |
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In 2013 it became known that R&S was seeking to sell measurement technology to [[Iran]] for its [[Iran's Missile Program|missile program]]. Rohde and Schwarz wanted to sell its technology to Iran through an intermediary in the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news | url=https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/2013-12/nsa-deutsche_unternehmen-handel | title=Geheimdienst-Überwachung: NSA überführt deutsche Firmen bei Geschäften mit Iran | newspaper=Die Zeit | date=15 December 2013 }}</ref> |
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The NSA spied on a number of German companies, including R&S, and passed this information on to the [[Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)|German Federal Prosecutor's Office]] and the [[Customs Investigation Bureau (Germany)|Customs Criminal Investigation Bureau]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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* {{official|https://www.rohde-schwarz.com}} |
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* [https://www.b-tu.de/ag-hochfrequenztechnik Prof. Dr. Ulrich L. Rohde at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg] |
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* [http://www.scope-of-the-art.com/ Oscilloscopes by Rohde & Schwarz] |
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* [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Rohde-amp;-Schwarz-GmbH-amp;-Co-KG-Company-History.html Rohde& Schwarz History (from Funding Universe)] |
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* [http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/6586-a-test-and-measurement-retrospective-75-years-of-rohde-schwarz Microwave Journal Article on Rohde & Schwarz] |
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* [http://www.ipoque.com ipoque company website] |
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* [http://www.topex.ro Topex company website] |
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* [https://cybersecurity.rohde-schwarz.com Rohde & Schwarz Cybersecurity company website] |
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{{Oscilloscopes}} |
{{Oscilloscopes}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:12, 22 November 2024
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| Founded | 17 November 1933 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Lothar Rohde & Hermann Schwarz |
| Headquarters | Munich, Germany |
Key people | Christian Leicher, President & CEO, Markus Fischer, COO, Andreas Pauly, CTO [1] |
| Revenue | €2.78 billion (FY 2022/23)[1] |
Number of employees | Around 13,800(FY 2022/23)[1] |
| Website | www.rohde-schwarz.com |
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG (/ˈroʊdə ... ˈʃwɔːrts/ ROH-də ... SHWORTS, German: [ˈʁoːdə ʔʊnt ˈʃvaʁts]) is an international electronics group specializing in the fields of electronic test equipment, broadcast & media, cybersecurity, radiomonitoring and radiolocation, and radiocommunication. The company provides also products for the wireless communications, electronics industry, aerospace and defense, homeland security and critical infrastructures.
In addition to the Munich headquarters, there are regional headquarters in the United States (Columbia, Maryland) and in Asia (Singapore). Worldwide the company has a total of around 13,800 employees[1] in over 70 countries.
History
[edit]PTE and World War 2
[edit]The company was founded by Lothar Rohde and Hermann Schwarz who met while studying physics in Jena. They built their first T&M instrument in 1932, and in August 1933, the Physikalisch-Technisches Entwicklungslabor Dr. Rohde & Dr. Schwarz (known as PTE) started in business.
Ceramic insulation for frequencies above 1 MHz were improved in second half of the 1920s when German firm Hermsdorf-Schomburg-Isolatoren-Gesellschaft, also known as Hescho produced new types of ceramic material with very low loss at RF, due to the absence of iron. These parts were difficult to measure, but PTE developed suitable test equipment.
In 1934, a British manufacturer of electrical insulation placed an order with them for a similar device. In 1937, the small laboratory moved into a former bakery on Tassiloplatz, not far from Munich's Ostbahnhof. Rohde & Schwarz already employed 35 workers and offered 24 different devices in its catalog at this time. In 1938, it manufactured the first portable quartz clock with a weight of 36 kg.
PTE Started a second factory "Messgerätebau GmbH" in 1941 in Allgäu on the Swiss border. The Wehrmacht's sustained demand for radio equipment forced manufacturers to concede their production as part of the militarization of the Third Reich's Economy. The measurement equipment for HF-technology promoted the development of radar and radio systems of Wehrmacht in WW2.[2]
Internationalisation after 1945
[edit]After business activities were resumed in 1945, the US Army placed a major order to equip the then United States Air Force base in Erding that ensured the company's continued existence. In the same year the company was renamed Rohde & Schwarz (R&S).[3]
The company became one of the most important suppliers for radar and reconnaissance companies of the newly founded Bundeswehr. The company also quickly worked closely with the German Federal Intelligence Service, which was founded in 1956.
Since 2000
[edit]Although the US secret services operated SIGINT reconnaissance stations in cooperation with BND, for example in Bad Aibling, Rohde & Schwarz's communications were also intercepted by NSA. Rohde & Schwarz is or was on an NSA hit list made public by 2010 surveillance disclosures of Edward Snowden.[4][5]
In 2012 R&S acquired the traditional German manufacturer for oscilloscope technology HAMEG. In 2016 the company was fully integrated to R&S and the products only branded with "Rohde & Schwarz".
In 2018 a joint venture with Rheinmetall was established: RRS-MITCOS was designed to develop digital solutions for the German Bundeswehr.[6]
In 2022 R&S acquired the Siegburger company Schönhofer Sales and Engineering GmbH, SSE. The company develops analytic systems for IT and integration of KI analytic tools.[7]
In May 2022, Rohde & Schwarz announced the acquisition of UK based technology training and development company The Technology Academy. The technology company specialises in web-based training in the fields of radio frequency, wireless and microwave engineering technology.[8]
R&S has grown from just over 6,500 employees in 2010 to over 13,000 in 2022 and is represented at 70 locations worldwide. This growth was not exclusively organic, but also included company acquisitions such as Lancom - one of the leading manufacturers of network infrastructure.[9]
In 2023, R&S received a comprehensive contract worth several billion to update the communications systems and equip almost all military units in the German Bundeswehr with its SOVERON digital radio system.[10]
Products
[edit]
With its three Test & Measurement, Technology Systems and Networks & Cybersecurity divisions the company generated net revenue of EUR 2.78 billion in the 2022/23 fiscal year.[11]
R&S subsidiary for oscilloscopes HAMEG was producing the standard testing equipment for companies, schools and universities in Germany. In 2010, Rohde & Schwarz launched the world's first oscilloscope with a digital trigger.[12]
More than 200 airports deploy Rohde & Schwarz radiocommunications systems. In 2011, the company began selling voice communications systems for air traffic control (ATC). These systems are based on a product from Topex SA, a company in which Rohde & Schwarz acquired a majority interest in 2010.[13]
Rohde & Schwarz SIT GmbH develops crypto products and systems for government agencies, the German armed forces, authorities, the military and private industry. The subsidiary's high-security encryption technology is used for both wireless and wireline communications. As early as 2001, Rohde & Schwarz SIT launched the world's first crypto phone TopSec GSM.[14]
IT-Network technology and cybersecurity
[edit]R&S provides product families for secure communication via WAN-, LAN- and WiFi-networks for business and state authorities.
Military SIGINT, ELINT and EW technology
[edit]R&S provides ELINT systems for comprehensive intelligence gathering capability especially for modern radar signals. Digital wideband recording preserves all signal properties such as instantaneous amplitude, frequency and phase and detects also frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars and solid-state radars operating at very low power level.[15]
Radio communication networks for armed forces
[edit]R&S supplies interoperable radio communication systems for military, government and civilian use. Like its competitor Thales, Elbit etc, the company develops software-defined radio devices (SDR). At R&S, radio and telecommunications reconnaissance have always been the highest-earning business areas with a small number of customers.
SOVERON
[edit]Soveron is a family of SDR radios for military tactical communication, developed by R&S. The radios work at HF, UHF and VHF spectrums and are based on an internationally common Software Communications Architecture standard with backward compatibility. The frequency spectrum ranges from 30 to 600 MHz; simultaneous transmission of voice and data in each radio channel with up to two voice channels is possible. The "Transect" fast frequency hopping technology provides robustness against jamming attacks. For bandwidth efficient voice compression is a MELPe codec used.[16] Soveron is already used by a number of NATO and non-NATO forces.[17]
When the Russian war of aggression on Ukraine started in 2022, the German government under Chancellor Olaf Scholz (SPD) decided on an off-budget fund ("Sondervermögen") for fitting of German armed forces for example by a state of the art command and information system. Rohde & Schwarz was awarded the contract for 2.9 billion EUR in 2022 for Armed Forces Joint Connected Radio Equipment (Streitkräftegemeinsame verbundfähige Funkausstattung (SVFuA)) and will deliver its Soveron program.
Public known users of Soveron are the Portuguese Army, the Canadian Armed Forces and an unidentified Asian armed force.
Civil analytic and electronic test equipment for microwave and HF
[edit]The company supplies measurement solutions for cellular and wireless technologies from 6G, 5G, LTE, GSM, UMTS/HSPA(+), CDMA2000 to Bluetooth, GPS and wireless Internet access via WLAN and WiMAX. It offers devices for the development and production of chipsets, mobile devices and base stations. Network operators use Rohde & Schwarz products to plan, build and monitor their networks. R&S has developed suitable signal generators and analyzers for 5G and LTE Advanced.
Rohde & Schwarz develops measuring devices for radio links as well as radar and satellite communication systems for the aviation and defense industries. The company also offers complete systems for EMC and field strength meters. These are used for example to detect electromagnetic interference in automotive electronics.
Broadcast technology
[edit]From the early days R&S developed transmitter for various use. After WW II the company developed transmitters and instruments for radio and TV broadcasting. Rohde & Schwarz provides transmitters for analog and digital TV; in the US also in the ATSC standard, in Asia and South-America for ISDB-T and in DVB-T2 for europe.
By acquiring smaller companies since 2015, R&S could offer a whole portfolio also for TV- and radio production, as well as transmitting the program.
Body scanner
[edit]Since 2016, Rohde & Schwarz has been manufacturing body scanners under the product name QPS (Quick Personnel Security Scanner). The devices are used in addition to baggage screening in airport check-in areas and other access-controlled areas.[18]
Customer
[edit]R&S is equipping German Bundeswehr and German Intelligent agency as well as military and state agencies worldwide. According to their own webpage, R&S has delivered technology to more than 40 navies.[19]
In 2013 it became known that R&S was seeking to sell measurement technology to Iran for its missile program. Rohde and Schwarz wanted to sell its technology to Iran through an intermediary in the UAE.[20]
The NSA spied on a number of German companies, including R&S, and passed this information on to the German Federal Prosecutor's Office and the Customs Criminal Investigation Bureau.[20]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Company profile".
- ^ "About WWII RADIO SETS". kriegsfunker.com. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Lothar Rohde". Rohde-Stiftung (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
- ^ "BND Intelligence Scandal Puts Merkel in Tight Place". Der Spiegel. 2015-05-04. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ https://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/135322467 [bare URL]
- ^ "Vernetzte Waffenschmieden – Rüstungsindustrie in Deutschland". Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
- ^ "Signal Intelligence: Rohde & Schwarz übernimmt SSE - bundeswehr-journal". 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Rohde & Schwarz enhances digital training offerings through acquisition of The Technology Academy". Electronics360. 4 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Unternehmensbesuch bei Rohde & Schwarz". Reservistenverband (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ "Bundeswehr-Sondervermögen und Digitalfunk: Geld allein macht nicht glücklich – Augen geradeaus!". augengeradeaus.net. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Connect professional
- ^ Microwave Engineering
- ^ Bloomberg businessweek
- ^ "NIA - NATO Information Assurance".
- ^ KG, Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. "Strategic SIGINT solutions". www.rohde-schwarz.com (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ https://scdn.rohde-schwarz.com/ur/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/SOVERON_D_fly_en_3609-2500-32_v0100_120dpi.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ André (2020-10-13). "Erster Exporterfolg für Soveron Funkgeräte". Zur Lage (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-12.
- ^ "Rohde & Schwarz awarded major security scanner contract | 2016-08-11 | Microwave Journal". www.microwavejournal.com. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ KG, Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. "Communication systems | Naval systems". www.rohde-schwarz.com (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ a b "Geheimdienst-Überwachung: NSA überführt deutsche Firmen bei Geschäften mit Iran". Die Zeit. 15 December 2013.
External links
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