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{{Short description|Former aerospace manufacturer}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
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}}
}}


'''Astrium''' was an [[aerospace manufacturer]] subsidiary of the [[EADS|European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company]] (EADS) that provided civil and military space systems and services from 2006 to 2013. In 2012, Astrium had a [[Revenue|turnover]] of €5.8 billion and 18,000 employees in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands. Astrium was a member of [[Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies]].
'''Astrium''' was a European [[aerospace manufacturer|aerospace]] company and subsidiary of the [[EADS|European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company]] (EADS), headquartered in [[Paris]]. It designed, developed and manufactured civil and military space systems and provided related services from 2006 to 2013. In 2012, Astrium had a [[Revenue|turnover]] of €5.8 billion and 18,000 employees in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands. Astrium was a member of [[Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies]].


In late 2013 Astrium was merged with [[Cassidian]], the defence division of EADS and [[Airbus Military]] to form [[Airbus Defence and Space]].<ref name=pa20140105/> EADS itself was reorganized as the [[Airbus|Airbus Group]], with three divisions that include [[Airbus]], [[Airbus Defence and Space]], and [[Airbus Helicopters]].<ref name=pa20140105>
In late 2013 Astrium was merged with [[Cassidian]], the defence division of EADS, as well as [[Airbus Military]] to form [[Airbus Defence and Space]].<ref name=pa20140105/> EADS itself was rebranded [[Airbus|Airbus Group]], with three divisions: [[Airbus Commercial Aircraft]], [[Airbus Defence and Space]], and [[Airbus Helicopters]].<ref name=pa20140105>
{{cite news |last=Messier|first=Doug |title=EADS Reorganizes, Acknowledges Success of SpaceX |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/01/05/spacex-effect-helps-spur/ |accessdate=2014-01-07 |newspaper=Parabolic Arc |date=2014-01-05 }}</ref>
{{cite news |last=Messier|first=Doug |title=EADS Reorganizes, Acknowledges Success of SpaceX |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/01/05/spacex-effect-helps-spur/ |access-date=2014-01-07 |newspaper=Parabolic Arc |date=2014-01-05 }}</ref>


==Business structure==
==Business structure==
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===Satellites===
===Satellites===
'''Astrium Satellites''' was one of the three business units of Astrium (now [[Airbus Defence and Space]]), a subsidiary of EADS (now [[Airbus]]). It is a European space manufacturer involved in the manufacturing of [[spacecraft]] used for science, [[Earth]] observation and telecommunications, as well as the equipment and subsystems used therein and related ground systems.
'''Astrium Satellites''' was one of the three business units of Astrium. It was specialized in the manufacturing of [[spacecraft]] used for science, [[Earth]] observation and telecommunications, as well as the equipment and subsystems used therein and related ground systems.


EADS Astrium Satellites employs around 8,348 people on nine sites in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Spain. As of 15 October 2012, the CEO of Astrium is Eric Beranger who took over from [[Evert Dudok]] who became [[Astrium Services]].
EADS Astrium Satellites employed around 8,348 people on nine sites in France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. As of 15 October 2012, the CEO of Astrium is Eric Beranger who took over from [[Evert Dudok]].


==History==
==History==
{{See also|History of Airbus}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2006}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2006}}
Astrium was formed in 2000 by the merger of [[Matra Marconi Space]] (itself formed from French and British companies) with the space division of [[DASA|DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG]] and [[CRISA|Computadores Redes e Ingeniería SA]]. Henceforth Astrium was a joint venture between EADS and [[BAE Systems]].
Astrium was formed in 2000 by the merger of [[Matra Marconi Space]] (itself formed from French and British companies) with the space division of [[DASA|DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG]] and [[CRISA|Computadores Redes e Ingeniería SA]]. Henceforth Astrium was a joint venture between EADS and [[BAE Systems]].
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CASA Espacio became part of EADS Astrium on 1 January 2004. EADS Astrium is the sole shareholder of [[Infoterra Ltd]].
CASA Espacio became part of EADS Astrium on 1 January 2004. EADS Astrium is the sole shareholder of [[Infoterra Ltd]].


On 1 July 2006, the French subsidiary of EADS Astrium, EADS Astrium SAS, merged with other French subsidiaries of EADS Space (especially EADS Space Transportation). The name of the new company is '''Astrium SAS'''. Equivalent mergers have been achieved in 2006 in the other countries. The EADS group does not communicate about these mergers, excepted when required by the law, such as in contractual documents.
On 1 July 2006, the French division of EADS Astrium, EADS Astrium SAS, merged with other French subsidiaries of EADS Space (especially EADS Space Transportation). The name of the new company thus became '''Astrium SAS'''. Equivalent mergers have been achieved in 2006 in the other countries.


==Space transportation==
==Space transportation==
'''EADS Astrium Space Transportation''' was formed in June 2003 from the Space Infrastructure division of Astrium (whose core was originally [[ERNO]]) and the EADS Launch Vehicles division (formerly [[Aérospatiale]]'s Space division). Until July 2006 it was called '''EADS Space Transportation''' and was a fully owned subsidiary of '''EADS Space'''. In July 2006 the three subsidiaries of EADS Space (EADS Space Transportation, EADS Astrium, and EADS Space Services) were reintegrated into one company, EADS Astrium, of which EADS Astrium Space Transportation is a business division. Currently 4397 employees work in the launcher segment.
'''EADS Astrium Space Transportation''' was formed in June 2003 from the consolidation of EADS' launch vehicles division (formerly [[Aérospatiale]]'s space division) and the space infrastructure division of Astrium (whose core was originally [[ERNO]]). Until July 2006 it was called '''EADS Space Transportation''' and was a fully owned subsidiary of '''EADS Space'''. In July 2006 the three subsidiaries of EADS Space (EADS Space Transportation, EADS Astrium, and EADS Space Services) were reintegrated into one company, EADS Astrium, of which EADS Astrium Space Transportation became a business division. Currently 4397 employees work in the launcher segment.


The Space Transportation company is the prime contractor for the [[Ariane 5]] launcher, the [[Columbus (ISS module)|Columbus]] Module of the [[International Space Station]], and the [[Automated Transfer Vehicle|ATV]], as well as a number of smaller projects (most notably [[EADS Phoenix|Phoenix]]). It also builds launchers for the French nuclear missile program (see also [[Military of France]]), such as the [[M51 SLBM]].
The Space Transportation company is the prime contractor for the [[Ariane 5]] launcher, the [[Columbus (ISS module)|Columbus]] Module of the [[International Space Station]], and the [[Automated Transfer Vehicle|ATV]], as well as a number of smaller projects (most notably [[EADS Phoenix|Phoenix]]). It also builds launchers for the French nuclear missile program (see also [[Military of France]]), such as the [[M51 SLBM]].
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==Programmes==
==Programmes==
===Telecoms===
===Telecoms===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Alphabus]]
* [[Alphabus]]
* [[Alphabus|Alphasat I-XL]]
* [[Alphabus|Alphasat I-XL]]
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===Military===
===Military===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* CSO (forthcoming)
* [[Composante Spatiale Optique|CSO (forthcoming)]]
* [[Essaim (satellites)|Essaim]]
* [[Essaim (satellites)|Essaim]]
* [[Helios 1B]]
* [[Helios 1B]]
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===Earth observation===
===Earth observation===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[EarthCARE]]
* [[ADM-Aeolus]]
* [[ADM-Aeolus]]
* Alsat
* Alsat
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* [[Envisat]]
* [[Envisat]]
* EOS Aqua HSB
* EOS Aqua HSB
* [[GOCE]]
* [[Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer|GOCE]]
* [[Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment|Grace]]
* [[Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment|Grace]]
* Kompsat-2
* Kompsat-2
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* [[FORMOSAT-2]] (ROCSAT-2)
* [[FORMOSAT-2]] (ROCSAT-2)
* [[Sentinel 2]]
* [[Sentinel 2]]
* [[Sentinel-5]] Percusor
* [[Sentinel-5 Precursor]]
* Silex
* Silex
* [[SPOT (satellites)|SPOT]] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
* [[SPOT (satellites)|SPOT]] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
* SSOT
* SSOT
* [[Swarm (spacecraft)|Swarm]]
* Theos
* Theos
* [[TerraSAR-X]], [[TanDEM-X]]
* [[TerraSAR-X]], [[TanDEM-X]]
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===Science===
===Science===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|


* [[BepiColombo]]
* [[BepiColombo]]
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===Navigation===
===Navigation===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service]] (EGNOS)
* [[European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service]] (EGNOS)
* [[Galileo positioning system|Galileo]]
* [[Galileo positioning system|Galileo]]
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Astrium Services is responsible for delivering the following services and systems:
Astrium Services is responsible for delivering the following services and systems:


{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[ASTEL-S]], France
* [[ASTEL-S]], France
* [[TELCOMARSAT]], France
* [[TELCOMARSAT]], France
* [[SATCOMBw]], Germany (2009)
* [[SATCOMBw]], Germany (2009)
* [[Skynet (satellite)|Skynet]]: provides all the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] satellite communications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.paradigmsecure.com/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-05-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028125235/https://www.paradigmsecure.com/ |archivedate=2014-10-28 }}</ref>
* [[Skynet (satellite)|Skynet]]: provides all the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] satellite communications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.paradigmsecure.com/ |title=Government Communications &#124; Paradigm Secure |access-date=2015-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028125235/https://www.paradigmsecure.com/ |archive-date=2014-10-28 }}</ref>
* [[NATO]] service provision to Portugal and Canada
* [[NATO]] service provision to Portugal and Canada
* [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] (2010)
* [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] (2010)
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[[File:EADS Astrium logo.svg|thumb|right|Logo used until 2010]]
[[File:EADS Astrium logo.svg|thumb|right|Logo used until 2010]]


In June 2007, EADS Astrium announced it would be entering the [[space tourism]] sector. On 20 June 2007 the company unveiled a model of the space jet, a one-stage [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital]] hybrid craft, utilising both jet and rocket engines. Carrying four passengers, the space jet would take off from regular airports using conventional jet engines. After flying to the needed altitude, the rockets would then be fired. After reaching its final altitude of 100&nbsp;km, passengers would experience weightlessness for three minutes. Tickets were expected to cost up to €200,000 with flights possibly beginning in 2012.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news | title = Firm rockets into space tourism | publisher = [[BBC Online]] | date =2007-06-13 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6749873.stm | accessdate = 2007-06-13 }}</ref> EADS estimated the development cost would approach 1 billion Euros. In March 2009 EADS Astrium confirmed that the programme had been placed on hold indefinitely; the decision had been made in January of that year.<ref>{{cite web|last=March |first=Rayon |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/hyperbola/2009/03/eads-astrium-puts-its-space-je.html |title=EADS Astrium puts its "space jet" on hold indefinitley - Hyperbola |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-27}}</ref>
In June 2007, EADS Astrium announced it would be entering the [[space tourism]] sector. On 20 June 2007 the company unveiled a model of the space jet, a one-stage [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital]] hybrid craft, utilising both jet and rocket engines. Carrying four passengers, the space jet would take off from regular airports using conventional jet engines. After flying to the needed altitude, the rockets would then be fired. After reaching its final altitude of 100&nbsp;km, passengers would experience weightlessness for three minutes. Tickets were expected to cost up to €200,000 with flights possibly beginning in 2012.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news | title = Firm rockets into space tourism | publisher = [[BBC Online]] | date =2007-06-13 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6749873.stm | access-date = 2007-06-13 }}</ref> EADS estimated the development cost would approach 1 billion Euros. In March 2009 EADS Astrium confirmed that the programme had been placed on hold indefinitely; the decision had been made in January of that year.<ref>{{cite web|last=March |first=Rayon |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/hyperbola/2009/03/eads-astrium-puts-its-space-je.html |title=EADS Astrium puts its "space jet" on hold indefinitley - Hyperbola |publisher=Flightglobal.com |access-date=2013-03-27}}</ref>


===On-orbit satellite servicing===
===On-orbit satellite servicing===
In September, 2012, Astrium won a €13 million mission definition and design contract from the [[German Aerospace Center|DLR Space Administration]] to build a two-vehicle set of [[spacecraft]] to demonstrate several technologies necessary for [[on-orbit satellite servicing]], including [[Propellant depot|spacecraft refuelling]], in order to enable satellite mission extension and also controlled disposal of a [[:Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth|defective satellite]]. The project is entitled "DEOS" (German orbital servicing mission), and consists of two satellites, a 'client' and a 'servicer'. The client acts as the satellite requiring maintenance or disposal. The servicer carries out the necessary work on the client. The two spacecraft will be launched together into [[low Earth orbit]] of {{convert|550|km}}. {{asof|2012}}, the mission "will be ready for launch in 2018."<ref name=ea20120913>
In September, 2012, Astrium won a €13 million mission definition and design contract from the [[German Aerospace Center|DLR Space Administration]] to build a two-vehicle set of [[spacecraft]] to demonstrate several technologies necessary for [[on-orbit satellite servicing]], including [[Propellant depot|spacecraft refuelling]], in order to enable satellite mission extension and also controlled disposal of a [[:Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth|defective satellite]]. The project is entitled "DEOS" (German orbital servicing mission), and consists of two satellites, a 'client' and a 'servicer'. The client acts as the satellite requiring maintenance or disposal. The servicer carries out the necessary work on the client. The two spacecraft will be launched together into [[low Earth orbit]] of {{convert|550|km}}. {{asof|2012}}, the mission "will be ready for launch in 2018."<ref name=ea20120913>
{{cite web |title=Astrium wins DEOS contract to demonstrate in-orbit servicing |url=http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/-kx9.html |work=Press Release |date=2012-09-13 |publisher=EADS Astrium |accessdate=2012-09-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016180335/http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/-kx9.html |archivedate=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
{{cite web |title=Astrium wins DEOS contract to demonstrate in-orbit servicing |url=http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/-kx9.html |work=Press Release |date=2012-09-13 |publisher=EADS Astrium |access-date=2012-09-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016180335/http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/-kx9.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>


===Partnership===
===Partnership===
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==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal |Spaceflight}}
{{Portal |Spaceflight}}
* [[EADS Astrium Space Transportation]]
* [[Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom]]
{{Clear}}


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|EADS Astrium}}
{{Commons category|EADS Astrium}}
* {{Official website|http://www.astrium.eads.net }}
* {{Official website|http://www.astrium.eads.net }}
* [http://www.route-to-space.eu/index.php/en/ Route To Space Alliance]
* [http://www.route-to-space.eu/index.php/en/ Route To Space Alliance]
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{{EADS}}
{{EADS}}
{{space tourism}}
{{space tourism}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Aerospace companies]]
[[Category:Defunct aerospace organizations]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:Spacecraft manufacturers]]
[[Category:Spacecraft manufacturers]]

Latest revision as of 18:36, 21 November 2024

Astrium
IndustrySpace industry, Space tourism
PredecessorEADS Space
FoundedDecember 2006
FounderEADS
Defunct2013
SuccessorAirbus Defence and Space
Headquarters
Paris
,
France
Revenue€ 5.8 billion (2012)
Number of employees
18,000 (as of 2012)
ParentEADS
Websitewww.astrium.eads.net

Astrium was a European aerospace company and subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), headquartered in Paris. It designed, developed and manufactured civil and military space systems and provided related services from 2006 to 2013. In 2012, Astrium had a turnover of €5.8 billion and 18,000 employees in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands. Astrium was a member of Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies.

In late 2013 Astrium was merged with Cassidian, the defence division of EADS, as well as Airbus Military to form Airbus Defence and Space.[1] EADS itself was rebranded Airbus Group, with three divisions: Airbus Commercial Aircraft, Airbus Defence and Space, and Airbus Helicopters.[1]

Business structure

[edit]

During 2006–2013, the three main areas of activity within Astrium were:[citation needed]

  • Astrium Satellites for spacecraft and ground segment
  • EADS Astrium Space Transportation for launchers and orbital infrastructure
  • Astrium Services for the development and delivery of satellite services.

Satellites

[edit]

Astrium Satellites was one of the three business units of Astrium. It was specialized in the manufacturing of spacecraft used for science, Earth observation and telecommunications, as well as the equipment and subsystems used therein and related ground systems.

EADS Astrium Satellites employed around 8,348 people on nine sites in France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. As of 15 October 2012, the CEO of Astrium is Eric Beranger who took over from Evert Dudok.

History

[edit]
See also: History of Airbus

Astrium was formed in 2000 by the merger of Matra Marconi Space (itself formed from French and British companies) with the space division of DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG and Computadores Redes e Ingeniería SA. Henceforth Astrium was a joint venture between EADS and BAE Systems.

On 16 June 2003 the minority shareholder, BAE Systems, sold its 25% share to EADS, making EADS the sole shareholder. Astrium became EADS Astrium Satellites and in a wider restructuring became the major constituent of EADS Astrium, which also included EADS Astrium Space Transportation and EADS Astrium Services. In this restructuring the former Astrium Space Infrastructure division merged with EADS Launchers & Vehicles division to form EADS SPACE Transportation, which became later EADS Astrium Space Transportation. Also, Paradigm Secure Communications, initially created by Astrium in the frame of the Skynet 5 contract for the UK Ministry of Defence became the major constituent of EADS SPACE Services.

CASA Espacio became part of EADS Astrium on 1 January 2004. EADS Astrium is the sole shareholder of Infoterra Ltd.

On 1 July 2006, the French division of EADS Astrium, EADS Astrium SAS, merged with other French subsidiaries of EADS Space (especially EADS Space Transportation). The name of the new company thus became Astrium SAS. Equivalent mergers have been achieved in 2006 in the other countries.

Space transportation

[edit]

EADS Astrium Space Transportation was formed in June 2003 from the consolidation of EADS' launch vehicles division (formerly Aérospatiale's space division) and the space infrastructure division of Astrium (whose core was originally ERNO). Until July 2006 it was called EADS Space Transportation and was a fully owned subsidiary of EADS Space. In July 2006 the three subsidiaries of EADS Space (EADS Space Transportation, EADS Astrium, and EADS Space Services) were reintegrated into one company, EADS Astrium, of which EADS Astrium Space Transportation became a business division. Currently 4397 employees work in the launcher segment.

The Space Transportation company is the prime contractor for the Ariane 5 launcher, the Columbus Module of the International Space Station, and the ATV, as well as a number of smaller projects (most notably Phoenix). It also builds launchers for the French nuclear missile program (see also Military of France), such as the M51 SLBM.

It joined the team led by Lockheed Martin for a bid on NASA's Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), being in charge of the craft's Mission Module. The team won a contract from NASA in June 2005.

In 2005, EADS Astrium Space Transportation started a campaign in favour of a project called LIFE, for astronomy from the Moon surface.

The company has facilities in France (Les Mureaux near Paris and Saint-Médard-en-Jalles near Bordeaux) and in Germany; the main facility in Germany is located in Bremen. These manufacturing facilities utilise specialist CTH03 and CTH04 high technology equipment containers which allow the safe transport of Airbus integrated spacecraft in a horizontal position when sending them worldwide to launch sites.

After Evert Dudok took over from Antoine Bouvier as Head of EADS Astrium Satellites on 11 June 2007, Alain Charmeau assumed responsibility of the management of EADS Astrium Space Transportation.

Programmes

[edit]

Telecoms

[edit]

Military

[edit]

Earth observation

[edit]

Science

[edit]
[edit]

Services

[edit]

Astrium Services is the services division of EADS Astrium.

The services division specializes in military satellite communications services and currently employs about 2,200 personnel.

Astrium Services is responsible for delivering the following services and systems:

Space tourism

[edit]
Main article: EADS Astrium Space Tourism Project
Logo used until 2010

In June 2007, EADS Astrium announced it would be entering the space tourism sector. On 20 June 2007 the company unveiled a model of the space jet, a one-stage sub-orbital hybrid craft, utilising both jet and rocket engines. Carrying four passengers, the space jet would take off from regular airports using conventional jet engines. After flying to the needed altitude, the rockets would then be fired. After reaching its final altitude of 100 km, passengers would experience weightlessness for three minutes. Tickets were expected to cost up to €200,000 with flights possibly beginning in 2012.[3] EADS estimated the development cost would approach 1 billion Euros. In March 2009 EADS Astrium confirmed that the programme had been placed on hold indefinitely; the decision had been made in January of that year.[4]

On-orbit satellite servicing

[edit]

In September, 2012, Astrium won a €13 million mission definition and design contract from the DLR Space Administration to build a two-vehicle set of spacecraft to demonstrate several technologies necessary for on-orbit satellite servicing, including spacecraft refuelling, in order to enable satellite mission extension and also controlled disposal of a defective satellite. The project is entitled "DEOS" (German orbital servicing mission), and consists of two satellites, a 'client' and a 'servicer'. The client acts as the satellite requiring maintenance or disposal. The servicer carries out the necessary work on the client. The two spacecraft will be launched together into low Earth orbit of 550 kilometres (340 mi). As of 2012, the mission "will be ready for launch in 2018."[5]

Partnership

[edit]
Taufkirchen, Germany: EADS Astrium (main building)

In 2010 Astrium signed with JSC NC Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary (KGS), the national company charged with the development of Kazakhstan's space programme, a contract for a Satellite Assembly, Integration and Test (AIT) Centre in Astana. Under the contract Astrium will provide and install the various test equipment (mechanical, radiometric, thermal and acoustic facilities) at the new AIT Centre. Astrium will also assist KGS in the construction of the AIT Centre to ensure coordination with the test equipment. The AIT Centre will form part of the Space City that the Kazakhstan space agency, Kazcosmos, is developing in Astana. The city will also include the ground segment for the two Astrium-built satellites, as well an administrative building and a space museum.[6]

Structural evolution of Airbus SE
Dec 1970 Jan 1992 July 2000 Sep 2000 Jan 2001 Dec 2006 Apr 2009 Sep 2010 Jan 2014 May 2015 Jan 2017 Apr 2017
    European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company NV Airbus Group NV Airbus Group SE Airbus SE   
Airbus Industrie GIE Airbus SAS     
  Airbus Military SAS Airbus Defence and Space SAS   
    EADS Defence and Security Cassidian SAS
    Astrium SAS EADS Astrium SAS
  Eurocopter SA Eurocopter SAS Airbus Helicopters SAS   
                       

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Messier, Doug (2014-01-05). "EADS Reorganizes, Acknowledges Success of SpaceX". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  2. ^ "Government Communications | Paradigm Secure". Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
  3. ^ "Firm rockets into space tourism". BBC Online. 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
  4. ^ March, Rayon. "EADS Astrium puts its "space jet" on hold indefinitley - Hyperbola". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  5. ^ "Astrium wins DEOS contract to demonstrate in-orbit servicing". Press Release. EADS Astrium. 2012-09-13. Archived from the original on 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
  6. ^ "Kazakhstan and EADS Plan Strategic Partnership". The Gazette of Central Asia. Satrapia. 23 November 2012.
[edit]
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