Jump to content

Paleosuchus: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Genus of reptiles}}
{{italic title}}{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Paleosuchus''
| fossil_range = [[Late Pleistocene]] - [[Holocene|Recent]], {{fossilrange|0.1|0|ref=<ref name="Rio2021">{{cite journal |last1=Rio |first1=Jonathan P. |last2=Mannion |first2=Philip D. |date=6 September 2021 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=9 |pages=e12094 |doi=10.7717/peerj.12094 |pmid=34567843 |pmc=8428266 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
| image = Brauen Glattstirnkaiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus.jpg
| image = Brauen Glattstirnkaiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Paleosuchus palpebrosus]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Paleosuchus palpebrosus]]''
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| taxon = Paleosuchus
⚫
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1862
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
| classis = [[Reptilia|Sauropsida]]
|subdivision =
| ordo = [[Crocodilia]]
* ''[[Paleosuchus palpebrosus]]''
⚫
| familia = [[Alligatoridae]]
| genus = '''''Paleosuchus'''''
* ''[[Paleosuchus trigonatus]]''
⚫
| genus_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1862
}}
}}

'''''Paleosuchus''''' is a [[South America]]n [[genus]] of [[reptile]] in the family [[Alligatoridae]]. They are the smallest members of the order [[Crocodilia]] in the [[Americas]].<ref> Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey (2014). The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at http://animaldiversity.org.</ref>
'''''Paleosuchus''''' is a [[South America]]n [[genus]] of [[reptile]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Caimaninae]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Alligatoridae]]. They are the smallest members of the order [[Crocodilia]] in the [[Americas]].<ref>Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey (2014). The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at http://animaldiversity.org.</ref>
The genus contains two species:<ref>Alderton, D. (1991). ''Crocodiles and Alligators of the World.'' New York: Facts on File Publications.</ref>

⚫
* [[Cuvier's dwarf caiman]] – ''P. palpebrosus''
==Classification==
⚫
* [[Smooth-fronted caiman]] – ''P. trigonatus''
The [[genus]] name ''Paleosuchus'' is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''palaios'' meaning "ancient" and ''soukhos'' meaning "crocodile god [[Sobek]]". This refers to the belief that this crocodile comes from an ancient lineage that diverged from other species of caimans some 30 million years ago.<ref name=Britton>{{cite web |url=http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csp_ppal.htm |title=''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'' (Cuvier, 1807) |author=Britton, Adam |date=2009-01-01 |work=Crocodilian species list |access-date=2013-10-28}}</ref>
<!--Bot notice: new species go here-->

At present, ''Paleosuchus'' contains only two members: the [[Smooth-fronted caiman|smooth-fronted]] or Schneider's dwarf caiman (''[[Paleosuchus trigonatus]]'') and [[Cuvier's dwarf caiman]] (''[[Paleosuchus palpebrosus]]''), both from South America.

''Paleosuchus'' is distinguished from other caimans in the [[subfamily]] [[Caimaninae]] by the absence of an interorbital ridge and the presence of four teeth in the [[premaxilla]] region of the jaw, where other species of caimans have five.<ref name="Britton" /> The relationships of [[extant taxon|extant]] (living) caimans can be shown in the [[cladogram]] below, based on molecular DNA-based [[phylogenetic]] studies:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bittencourt |first1=Pedro Senna |last2=Campos |first2=Zilca |last3=Muniz |first3=Fabio de Lima |last4=Marioni |first4=Boris |last5=Souza |first5=Bruno Campos |last6=Da Silveira |first6=Ronis |last7=de Thoisy |first7=Benoit |last8=Hrbek |first8=Tomas |last9=Farias |first9=Izeni Pires |date=22 March 2019 |title=Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider’s dwarf caiman ''Paleosuchus trigonatus'' (Alligatoridae: Caimaninae) |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=7 |page=e6580 |doi=10.7717/peerj.6580 |pmid=30931177 |pmc=6433001 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
{{clade
⚫
|label1=[[Alligatoridae]]
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Caimaninae]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'' [[Cuvier's dwarf caiman]]
|2=''Paleosuchus trigonatus'' [[Schneider's dwarf caiman]] }}
|label2=[[Jacarea]]
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''Caiman crocodilus'' [[Spectacled caiman]]
|2=''Caiman yacare'' [[Yacare caiman]] }}
|2=''Caiman latirostris'' [[Broad-snouted caiman]] }}
|2=''Melanosuchus niger'' [[Black caiman]] }} }}
|label2=[[Alligatorinae]]
|2={{clade
|1=''Alligator sinensis'' [[Chinese alligator]]
|2=''Alligator mississippiensis'' [[American alligator]] }} }} }}

==Species==
The genus contains the following two extant species<ref>Alderton, D. (1991). ''Crocodiles and Alligators of the World.'' New York: Facts on File Publications.</ref> and a yet unnamed fossil species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Salas-Gismondi|first1=Rodolfo|last2=Flynn|first2=John J.|last3=Baby|first3=Patrice|last4=Tejada-Lara|first4=Julia V.|last5=Wesselingh|first5=Frank P.|last6=Antoine|first6=Pierre-Olivier|date=2015-04-07|title=A Miocene hyperdiverse crocodylian community reveals peculiar trophic dynamics in proto-Amazonian mega-wetlands|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=282|issue=1804|pages=20142490|doi=10.1098/rspb.2014.2490|pmid=25716785 |pmc=4375856 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{Species table |genus= Paleosuchus |authority-name=[[John Edward Gray|Gray]] |authority-year= 1862|species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row
⚫
|name=[[Cuvier's dwarf caiman]] |binomial=[[Paleosuchus palpebrosus]]
|image=File:Paleosuchus palpebrosus 01.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Cuvier |authority-year=1807 |authority-not-original=
|range= Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, and Venezuela
|range-image=File:The range of the Dwarf caiman.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
⚫
|name=[[Smooth-fronted caiman]] |binomial=[[Paleosuchus trigonatus]]
|image=File:Paleosuchus trigonatus.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Schneider |authority-year=1801 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Amazon and Orinoco Basins
|range-image=File:Paleosuchus trigonatus Distribution.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/end}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{wikispecies}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{Commons category-inline}}


{{Crocodilia|A.}}
{{Crocodilia|A.}}
{{Crocs}}
{{Crocs}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1529935}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Alligatoridae]]
[[Category:Alligatoridae]]
[[Category:Crocodilians of Brazil]]
[[Category:Reptile genera]]
[[Category:Reptile genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]



{{paleo-archosaur-stub}}
{{Archosaur-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:18, 17 November 2024

Paleosuchus
Temporal range: Late Pleistocene - Recent, 0.1–0 Ma[1]
↓
Paleosuchus palpebrosus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauromorpha
Clade: Archosauriformes
Order: Crocodilia
Family: Alligatoridae
Subfamily: Caimaninae
Genus: Paleosuchus
Gray, 1862
Species

Paleosuchus is a South American genus of reptiles in the subfamily Caimaninae of the family Alligatoridae. They are the smallest members of the order Crocodilia in the Americas.[2]

Classification

[edit]

The genus name Paleosuchus is derived from the Greek palaios meaning "ancient" and soukhos meaning "crocodile god Sobek". This refers to the belief that this crocodile comes from an ancient lineage that diverged from other species of caimans some 30 million years ago.[3]

At present, Paleosuchus contains only two members: the smooth-fronted or Schneider's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus) and Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), both from South America.

Paleosuchus is distinguished from other caimans in the subfamily Caimaninae by the absence of an interorbital ridge and the presence of four teeth in the premaxilla region of the jaw, where other species of caimans have five.[3] The relationships of extant (living) caimans can be shown in the cladogram below, based on molecular DNA-based phylogenetic studies:[4]

Alligatoridae
Caimaninae

Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier's dwarf caiman

Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider's dwarf caiman

Jacarea

Caiman crocodilus Spectacled caiman

Caiman yacare Yacare caiman

Caiman latirostris Broad-snouted caiman

Melanosuchus niger Black caiman

Alligatorinae

Alligator sinensis Chinese alligator

Alligator mississippiensis American alligator

Species

[edit]

The genus contains the following two extant species[5] and a yet unnamed fossil species.[6]

Genus Paleosuchus – Gray, 1862 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Cuvier's dwarf caiman

Paleosuchus palpebrosus
Cuvier, 1807 		Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Smooth-fronted caiman

Paleosuchus trigonatus
(Schneider, 1801) 		Amazon and Orinoco Basins
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
  2. ^ Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey (2014). The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at http://animaldiversity.org.
  3. ^ a b Britton, Adam (2009-01-01). "Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807)". Crocodilian species list. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  4. ^ Bittencourt, Pedro Senna; Campos, Zilca; Muniz, Fabio de Lima; Marioni, Boris; Souza, Bruno Campos; Da Silveira, Ronis; de Thoisy, Benoit; Hrbek, Tomas; Farias, Izeni Pires (22 March 2019). "Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider's dwarf caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus (Alligatoridae: Caimaninae)". PeerJ. 7: e6580. doi:10.7717/peerj.6580. PMC 6433001. PMID 30931177.
  5. ^ Alderton, D. (1991). Crocodiles and Alligators of the World. New York: Facts on File Publications.
  6. ^ Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Flynn, John J.; Baby, Patrice; Tejada-Lara, Julia V.; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2015-04-07). "A Miocene hyperdiverse crocodylian community reveals peculiar trophic dynamics in proto-Amazonian mega-wetlands". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1804): 20142490. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2490. PMC 4375856. PMID 25716785.
[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Paleosuchus.

Media related to Paleosuchus at Wikimedia Commons


Stub icon

This article about an archosaur is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paleosuchus&oldid=1258059712"