French-Canadian Americans: Difference between revisions

French-Canadian Americans
Américains franco-canadiens (French)
Total population
	1,998,012 (2020)
Regions with significant populations
	New England (especially Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont), New York, Michigan, California and Louisiana
Languages
	French (Canadian and American) · English · Franglais
Religion
	Predominantly Roman Catholicism, minority of Protestantism
Related ethnic groups
	French Canadians, French Americans, Canadian Americans, Breton Canadians, French people, Cajuns, Métis Americans, Métis

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French-Canadian Americans (French: Américains franco-canadiens; also referred to as Franco-Canadian Americans or Canadien Americans) are Americans of French-Canadian descent. About 2 million U.S. residents cited this ancestry in the 2020 census. In the 2010 census, the majority of respondents reported speaking French at home.^[2] Americans of French-Canadian descent are most heavily concentrated in New England, New York State, Louisiana and the Midwest. Their ancestors mostly arrived in the United States from Quebec between 1840 and 1930, though some families became established as early as the 17th and 18th centuries.

The term Canadien (French for "Canadian") may be used either in reference to nationality or ethnicity in regard to this population group. French-Canadian Americans, because of their proximity to Canada and Quebec, kept their language, culture, and religion alive much longer than any other ethnic group in the United States apart from Mexican Americans.^[3] Many "Little Canada" neighborhoods developed in New England cities, but gradually disappeared as their residents eventually assimilated into the American mainstream. A revival of the Canadian identity has taken place in the Midwestern states, where some families of French descent have lived for many generations. These states had been considered part of Canada until 1783. A return to their roots seems to be taking place, with a greater interest in all things that are Canadian or Québécois.^[4]

French-Canadian population in New England

In the late 19th century, many Francophones arrived in New England from Quebec and New Brunswick to work in textile mill cities in New England. In the same period, Francophones from Quebec soon became a majority of the workers in the saw mill and logging camps in the Adirondack Mountains and their foothills. Others sought opportunities for farming and other trades such as blacksmiths in Upstate New York. By the mid-20th century, French-Canadian Americans comprised 30 percent of Maine's population. Some migrants became lumberjacks but most concentrated in industrialized areas and into enclaves known as Little Canadas in cities like Lewiston, Maine, Holyoke, Massachusetts, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island.^[5]^[6]

Driven by depleted farmlands, poverty and a lack of local economic opportunitunities, rural inhabitants of these areas sought work in the expanding mill industries. Newspapers in New England carried advertisements touting the desirability of wage labor work in the textile mills. In addition to industry's organized recruitment campaigns, the close kinship network of French-Canadians facilitated transnational communication and the awareness of economic opportunity for their friends and relatives. Individual French-Canadian families who desired dwellings developed French Canadian neighborhoods, called Petit Canadas, and sought out local financing. Most arrived through railroads such as the Grand Trunk Railroad.^[7]

French-Canadian women saw New England as a place of opportunity and possibility where they could create economic alternatives for themselves distinct from the expectations of their farm families in Canada. By the early 20th century some saw temporary migration to the United States to work as a rite of passage and a time of self-discovery and self-reliance. Most moved permanently to the United States, using the inexpensive railroad system to visit Quebec from time to time. When these women did marry, they had fewer children with longer intervals between children than their Canadian counterparts. Some women never married, and oral accounts suggest that self-reliance and economic independence were important reasons for choosing work over marriage and motherhood. These women conformed to traditional gender ideals in order to retain their 'Canadienne' cultural identity, but they also redefined these roles in ways that provided them increased independence in their roles as wives and mothers.^[8]^[9]

The French-Canadians became active in the Catholic Church where they tried with little success to challenge its domination by Irish clerics.^[10] They founded such newspapers as 'Le Messager' and 'La Justice.' The first hospital in Lewiston, Maine, became a reality in 1889 when the Sisters of Charity of Montreal, the "Grey Nuns", opened the doors of the Asylum of Our Lady of Lourdes. This hospital was central to the Grey Nuns' mission of providing social services for Lewiston's predominately French-Canadian mill workers. The Grey Nuns struggled to establish their institution despite meager financial resources, language barriers, and opposition from the established medical community.^[11] Immigration dwindled with the U.S. immigration restrictions after World War I.

The French-Canadian community in New England tried to preserve some of its cultural norms. This doctrine, like efforts to preserve Francophone culture in Quebec, became known as la Survivance.^[12]

Cities

City	Percentage of population^[13]^{[full citation needed]}
Madawaska, Maine	75.%
Frenchville, Maine	70.%
Van Buren, Maine	65.%
Fort Kent, Maine	63.%
Berlin, New Hampshire	53.4%
Lewiston, Maine	50.%
Auburn, Maine	46.2%
Biddeford, Maine	46.%
Greene, Maine	43.1%
Hallandale Beach, Florida	42.1%

States

State	^{[clarification needed]}^[13]^{[full citation needed]}
Maine	23.9%
New Hampshire	23.2%
Vermont	21.1%
Rhode Island	17.2%
Massachusetts	12.9%
Connecticut	9.9%

French Canadian immigration to New England

Distribution of French Canadians in New England, 1860–1880^[14]
State	Francophones	Percentage	Francophones	Percentage
Maine	7,490	20.0%	29,000	13.9%
New Hampshire	1,780	4.7%	26,200	12.6%
Vermont	16,580	44.3%	33,500	16.1%
Massachusetts	7,780	20.8%	81,000	38.9%
Rhode Island	1,810	5.0%	19,800	9.5%
Connecticut	1,980	5.3%	18,500	8.9%
Total	37,420	100%	208,100	100%

Distribution of French Canadians in New England, 1900–1930^[15]
State	Francophones	Percentage	Francophones	Percentage
Maine	58,583	11.3%	99,765	13.4%
New Hampshire	74,598	14.4%	101,324	13.6%
Vermont	41,286	8.0%	46,956	6.4%
Massachusetts	250,024	48.1%	336,871	45.3%
Rhode Island	56,382	10.9%	91,173	12.3%
Connecticut	37,914	7.3%	67,130	9.0%
Total	518,887	100%	743,219	100%

American cities founded by or named after French Canadians

Distribution of Franco Americans according to the 2000 census

Biloxi, founded by Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville
Bourbonnais named after François Bourbonnais
Davenport, Iowa founded by Antoine LeClaire
Detroit, Michigan, named by French explorer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac*
Dubuque, named after Julien Dubuque
Huron, founded by Jean-Baptiste Flemmond
Juneau, named after Joe Juneau
La Barge, Wyoming, named after Joseph Marie La Barge
Laramie, Wyoming, named after Jacques La Remee
Milwaukee, founded by Solomon Juneau
Mobile, founded by Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville
New Orleans, founded by Lemoyne de Bienville
Portage Des Sioux founded by Zenon Trudeau and François Saucier
Provo, Utah, named for Etienne Provost
Saint Joseph, founded by Joseph Robidoux
Saint Paul, first settled by Pierre Parrant
Vincennes founded by François-Marie Bissot

Notable French Canadian Americans

John C. Frémont, first Republican nominee for President of the United States, former United States senator from California, former Military Governor of California, former Governor of the Arizona Territory^[16]
John Cena, professional wrestler; has French-Canadian ancestry through his mother^[17]
Ross Perot, business magnate, politician, and philanthropist
Alex Trebek, former host of Jeopardy!^[18]
Annie Proulx, prolific writer, winner of the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel, Postcards. Her second novel, The Shipping News (1993), won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction^[19] and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. Her short story "Brokeback Mountain" was adapted as an Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning motion picture released in 2005.
Madonna - Has French-Canadian ancestry through her mother. ^[20]

References

^ "Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
^ "Languages Used at home" (PDF). 2010 U.S. Census. U.S. Census Bureau. October 2010.
^ l’Actualité économique, Vol. 59, No 3, (september 1983): 423-453 and Yolande LAVOIE, L’Émigration des Québécois aux États-Unis de 1840 à 1930, Québec, Conseil de la langue française, 1979.
^ Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups,Stephan Thernstorm, Harvard College, 1980, p 392
^ Mark Paul Richard, From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present, PhD dissertation, Duke U., 2002; Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.
^ "The Little Canadas of New England". November 17, 2015.
^ Hudson, Susan (2013), The Quiet Revolutionaries: How the Grey Nuns Changed the Social Welfare, 1870–1930, Routledge
^ Waldron, Florencemae (2005), "The Battle Over Female (In)Dependence: Women In New England Québécois Migrant Communities, 1870–1930", Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 26 (2): 158–205, doi:10.1353/fro.2005.0032, S2CID 161455771
^ Waldron, Florencemae (2005), "'I've Never Dreamed It Was Necessary To 'Marry!': Women And Work In New England French Canadian Communities, 1870–1930", Journal of American Ethnic History, 24 (2): 34–64, doi:10.2307/27501562, JSTOR 27501562, S2CID 254493034^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Richard, Mark Paul (2002). "The Ethnicity of Clerical Leadership: The Dominicans in Francophone Lewiston, Maine, 1881–1986". Quebec Studies. 33: 83–101. doi:10.3828/qs.33.1.83.
^ Hudson, Susan (2001–2002), "Les Sœurs Grises of Lewiston, Maine 1878–1908: An Ethnic Religious Feminist Expression", Maine History, 40 (4): 309–332
^ Stewart, Alice R. (1987), "The Franco-Americans of Maine: A Historiographical Essay", Maine Historical Society Quarterly, 26 (3): 160–179
^ ^a ^b According to the U.S. Census Bureau of 2000
^ Ralph D. VICERO, Immigration of French Canadians to New England, 1840–1900, Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 275; as given in Yves ROBY, Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle Angleterre, 1776–1930, Sillery, Septentrion, 1990, p. 47
^ Leon E. Truesdell, The Canadian Born in the United States, New Haven, 1943, p. 77; as given in Yves ROBY, Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, Sillery, Septentrion, 1990, p. 282.
^ Chaffin, pp. 21–22
^ "John Cena | Actor, Producer, Writer". IMDb.
^ "Alex Trebek: Who Is America's Favorite Game Show Host?". Forbes. June 12, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
^ "Fiction". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
^ "Madonna's French-Canadian Ancestry". The French-Canadian Genealogist. Retrieved October 1, 2024.

External links

American-French Genealogical Society A genealogical and historical organization for French-Canadian research

[ACS2020-1] "Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.

[2] "Languages Used at home" (PDF). 2010 U.S. Census. U.S. Census Bureau. October 2010.

[3] ’Actualité économique, Vol. 59, No 3, (september 1983): 423-453 and Yolande LAVOIE, L’Émigration des Québécois aux États-Unis de 1840 à 1930, Québec, Conseil de la langue française, 1979.

[4] Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups,Stephan Thernstorm, Harvard College, 1980, p 392

[Richard_2002-5] Mark Paul Richard, From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present, PhD dissertation, Duke U., 2002; Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.

[6] "The Little Canadas of New England". November 17, 2015.

[7] Hudson, Susan (2013), The Quiet Revolutionaries: How the Grey Nuns Changed the Social Welfare, 1870–1930, Routledge

[8] Waldron, Florencemae (2005), "The Battle Over Female (In)Dependence: Women In New England Québécois Migrant Communities, 1870–1930", Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 26 (2): 158–205, doi:10.1353/fro.2005.0032, S2CID 161455771

[9] Waldron, Florencemae (2005), "'I've Never Dreamed It Was Necessary To 'Marry!': Women And Work In New England French Canadian Communities, 1870–1930", Journal of American Ethnic History, 24 (2): 34–64, doi:10.2307/27501562, JSTOR 27501562, S2CID 254493034^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Richard-10] Richard, Mark Paul (2002). "The Ethnicity of Clerical Leadership: The Dominicans in Francophone Lewiston, Maine, 1881–1986". Quebec Studies. 33: 83–101. doi:10.3828/qs.33.1.83.

[11] Hudson, Susan (2001–2002), "Les Sœurs Grises of Lewiston, Maine 1878–1908: An Ethnic Religious Feminist Expression", Maine History, 40 (4): 309–332

[Stewart-12] Stewart, Alice R. (1987), "The Franco-Americans of Maine: A Historiographical Essay", Maine Historical Society Quarterly, 26 (3): 160–179

[ReferenceA-13] According to the U.S. Census Bureau of 2000

[14] Ralph D. VICERO, Immigration of French Canadians to New England, 1840–1900, Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 275; as given in Yves ROBY, Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle Angleterre, 1776–1930, Sillery, Septentrion, 1990, p. 47

[15] Leon E. Truesdell, The Canadian Born in the United States, New Haven, 1943, p. 77; as given in Yves ROBY, Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, Sillery, Septentrion, 1990, p. 282.

[16] Chaffin, pp. 21–22

[17] "John Cena | Actor, Producer, Writer". IMDb.

[18] "Alex Trebek: Who Is America's Favorite Game Show Host?". Forbes. June 12, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2021.

[pulitzer-19] "Fiction". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.

[20] "Madonna's French-Canadian Ancestry". The French-Canadian Genealogist. Retrieved October 1, 2024.

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{Infobox ethnic group
 | group = French-Canadian Americans
-| native_name = Américains canadiens
+| native_name = {{native name|fr|Américains franco-canadiens}}
 | image =
 | caption =
 | population = 1,998,012 (2020)<ref name="ACS2020">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Ancestry&tid=ACSDT5Y2020.B04006|title=Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 12, 2022|archive-url=|archive-date= }}</ref>
-| popplace = [[New England]] (especially [[Maine]], [[New Hampshire]] and [[Vermont]]), [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Michigan]], [[California]] and [[Louisiana]]
+| popplace = [[New England]] (especially [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New Hampshire]] and [[Vermont]]), [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Michigan]], [[California]] and [[Louisiana]]
 | langs = [[American French|French]] ([[Canadian French|Canadian]] and [[French language in the United States|American]]){{·}}[[North American English|English]]{{·}}[[Franglais]]
 | rels = Predominantly [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], minority of [[Protestantism]]
-| related-c = [[French Canadians]], [[French Americans]], [[Canadian Americans]], [[Breton Canadians]], [[French people]], [[Cajuns]], [[Métis in the United States|Métis Americans]]
+| related-c = [[French Canadians]], [[French Americans]], [[Canadian Americans]], [[Breton Canadians]], [[French people]], [[Cajuns]], [[Métis in the United States|Métis Americans]], [[Métis]]
 }}
 {{French people}}
-'''French-Canadian Americans''' (also referred to as '''Franco-Canadian Americans''' or '''Canadien Americans''') are Americans of [[French Canadians|French-Canadian]] descent. About 2.1 million U.S. residents cited this ancestry in the 2010 U.S. Census; the majority of them speak [[French language|French]] at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_5YR_B16001&prodType=table|title=Languages Used at home|date=October 2010 |format=PDF |work=2010 U.S. Census |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref>
+'''French-Canadian Americans''' ({{langx|fr|Américains franco-canadiens}}; also referred to as '''Franco-Canadian Americans''' or '''Canadien Americans''') are Americans of [[French Canadians|French-Canadian]] descent. About 2 million U.S. residents cited this ancestry in the 2020 census. In the 2010 census, the majority of respondents reported speaking [[French language|French]] at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_5YR_B16001&prodType=table|title=Languages Used at home|date=October 2010 |format=PDF |work=2010 U.S. Census |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref>
 Americans of French-Canadian descent are most heavily concentrated in [[New England]], [[New York State]], [[Louisiana]] and the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]. Their ancestors mostly arrived in the United States from [[Quebec]] between 1840 and 1930, though some families became established as early as the 17th and 18th centuries.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 == French-Canadian population in New England ==
+{{seealso|Acadians}}
-In the late 19th century, many Francophones arrived in New England from [[Quebec]] and [[New Brunswick]] to work in [[textile mill]] cities in New England.  In the same period, Francophones from Quebec soon became a majority of the workers in the saw mill and logging camps in the [[Adirondack Mountains]] and their foothills. Others sought opportunities for farming and other trades such as blacksmiths in [[Upstate New York]].  By the mid-20th century French-Canadian Americans comprised 30 percent of [[Maine]]'s population.  Some migrants became [[lumberjack]]s but most concentrated in industrialized areas and into enclaves known as [[Little Canada (term)|Little Canada]]s in cities like [[Lewiston, Maine]], [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], and [[Woonsocket, Rhode Island]].<ref name="Richard 2002">Mark Paul Richard, ''From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present'', PhD dissertation, Duke U., 2002; ''Dissertation Abstracts International'', 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-little-canadas-of-new-england/|title=The Little Canadas of New England|date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
+In the late 19th century, many Francophones arrived in New England from [[Quebec]] and [[New Brunswick]] to work in [[textile mill]] cities in New England.  In the same period, Francophones from Quebec soon became a majority of the workers in the saw mill and logging camps in the [[Adirondack Mountains]] and their foothills. Others sought opportunities for farming and other trades such as blacksmiths in [[Upstate New York]].  By the mid-20th century, French-Canadian Americans comprised 30 percent of [[Maine]]'s population.  Some migrants became [[lumberjack]]s but most concentrated in industrialized areas and into enclaves known as [[Little Canada (term)|Little Canada]]s in cities like [[Lewiston, Maine]], [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], and [[Woonsocket, Rhode Island]].<ref name="Richard 2002">Mark Paul Richard, ''From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present'', PhD dissertation, Duke U., 2002; ''Dissertation Abstracts International'', 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-little-canadas-of-new-england/|title=The Little Canadas of New England|date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
 Driven by depleted farmlands, poverty and a lack of local economic opportunitunities, rural inhabitants of these areas sought work in the expanding mill industries.  Newspapers in [[New England]] carried advertisements touting the desirability of wage labor work in the [[textile mill]]s.  In addition to industry's organized recruitment campaigns, the close kinship network of French-Canadians facilitated transnational communication and the awareness of economic opportunity for their friends and relatives. Individual French-Canadian families who desired dwellings developed French Canadian neighborhoods, called [[Little Canada (term)|Petit Canadas]], and sought out local financing. Most arrived through railroads such as the [[Grand Trunk Railroad]].<ref>{{Citation |first=Susan |last=Hudson |title=The Quiet Revolutionaries: How the Grey Nuns Changed the Social Welfare, 1870–1930 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}}</ref>
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 == Cities ==
-{| style="background:none;"
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
+! City || Percentage of population<ref name="ReferenceA">According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] of 2000</ref>{{fcn|date=December 2023|reason=Specific and verifiable source is needed}}
 |-
-| [[Booneshire, Oregon]] || 75.% </tr>
+| [[Madawaska, Maine]] || 75.%
+|-
-| [[Frenchville, Maine]] || 70.% </tr>
-| [[Van Buren, Maine]] || 65.% </tr>
+| [[Frenchville, Maine]] || 70.%
+|-
-| [[Fort Kent, Maine]] || 63.% </tr>
-| [[Berlin, New Hampshire]]{{nbsp|2}} || 53.4% </tr>
+| [[Van Buren, Maine]] || 65.%
+|-
-| [[Lewiston, Maine]]{{nbsp|2}} || 50.% </tr>
-| [[Auburn, Maine]]{{nbsp|2}} || 46.2% </tr>
+| [[Fort Kent, Maine]] || 63.%
+|-
-| [[Biddeford, Maine]]{{nbsp|2}} || 46.% </tr>
-| [[Greene, Maine]]{{nbsp|2}} || 43.1% </tr>
+| [[Berlin, New Hampshire]] || 53.4%
+|-
-| [[Hallandale Beach, Florida]]{{nbsp|2}} || 42.1% </tr>
+| [[Lewiston, Maine]] || 50.%
-|}<ref name="ReferenceA">According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] of 2000</ref>
+|-
+| [[Auburn, Maine]] || 46.2%
+|-
+| [[Biddeford, Maine]] || 46.%
+|-
+| [[Greene, Maine]] || 43.1%
+|-
+| [[Hallandale Beach, Florida]] || 42.1%
+|-
+|}
 == States ==
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
+! State || {{huh|date=December 2023|reason=What does this column show? Percentage of what?}}<ref name="ReferenceA"/>{{fcn|date=December 2023|reason=Specific and verifiable source is needed}}
-{| style="background:none;"
 |-
-| [[Maine]] || 23.9% </tr>
+| [[Maine]] || 23.9%
+|-
-| [[New Hampshire]] || 23.2% </tr>
-| [[Vermont]]         || 21.1% </tr>
+| [[New Hampshire]] || 23.2%
+|-
-| [[Rhode Island]]  || 58.2% </tr>
-| [[Massachusetts]]{{nbsp|2}} || 12.9% </tr>
+| [[Vermont]] || 21.1%
+|-
-| [[Connecticut]]{{nbsp|2}} || 9.9% </tr>
+| [[Rhode Island]]  || 17.2%
-|}<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
+|-
+| [[Massachusetts]] || 12.9%
+|-
+| [[Connecticut]] || 9.9%
+|-
+|}
 == French Canadian immigration to New England ==
@@ Line 186: / Line 204: @@
 {{see also|Category:American people of French-Canadian descent}}
 * [[John C. Frémont]], first [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[President of the United States]], former [[List of United States senators from California|United States senator from California]], former [[List of governors of California before 1850|Military Governor of California]], former [[List of governors of Arizona|Governor of the Arizona Territory]]<ref>Chaffin, pp. 21–22</ref>
+* [[John Cena]], professional wrestler; has French-Canadian ancestry through his mother<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1078479/ | title=John Cena &#124; Actor, Producer, Writer | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>
 * [[Ross Perot]], business magnate, politician, and philanthropist
 * [[Alex Trebek]], former host of [[Jeopardy!]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/06/12/alex-trebek-who-is-americas-favorite-game-show-host/?sh=120542038fdf|title=Alex Trebek: Who Is America's Favorite Game Show Host?|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=September 1, 2021|date=June 12, 2019}}</ref>
+* [[Annie Proulx]], prolific writer, winner of the [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction]] for her first novel, ''[[Postcards (novel)|Postcards]]''. Her second novel, ''[[The Shipping News]]'' (1993), won both the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<ref name=pulitzer>[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.</ref> and the U.S. [[National Book Award for Fiction]]. Her short story "[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]" was adapted as an [[Academy Award]], [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] and [[Golden Globe Award]]-winning [[Brokeback Mountain|motion picture]] released in 2005.
+* [[Madonna]] - Has French-Canadian ancestry through her mother. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Madonna's French-Canadian Ancestry |url=https://www.tfcg.ca/madonna-french-canadian-ancestry#:~:text=Madonna's%20French-Canadian%20Ancestry%20%E2%80%94%20The%20French-Canadian%20Genealogist.%20Did%20you%20know |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=The French-Canadian Genealogist |language=en-CA}}</ref>
 ==See also==
 {{Portal|France|Canada|United States}}
+* [[Francophone Canadians]]
 * [[History of the Franco-Americans]]
+* [[Canadian ethnicity]]
 == References ==
@@ Line 243: / Line 266: @@
 {{Authority control}}
-[[Category:European-American society]]
+[[Category:French-Canadian diaspora in the United States| ]]
-[[Category:French-Canadian American| ]]
 [[Category:American people of French-Canadian descent| ]]
-[[Category:French American]]
+[[Category:French diaspora in the United States]]
+[[Category:Canadian diaspora in the United States]]

v t e Canadian diaspora
Africa	Sierra Leone
The Americas	Brazil Chile Haiti Mexico United States Cajun French Canadian Métis
Asia	China Hong Kong India Lebanon Pakistan Turkey United Arab Emirates
Europe	France United Kingdom
Oceania	Australia New Zealand
See also: Quebec diaspora and Canadians

v t e French diaspora
Africa	Algeria Angola Benin French Dahomey Burkina Faso French Upper Volta Cameroon French Cameroon Central African Republic Ubangi-Shari Chad French Chad Comoros French Comoros Republic of the Congo Brazzaville Djibouti French Somaliland Gabon French Gabon The Gambia James Island Albreda Ghana (White Ghanaian) Guinea French Guinea Côte d'Ivoire Madagascar Mali French Sudan Mauritius Morocco Namibia (Afrikaners) Niger Colony of Niger Réunion¹ Senegal Seychelles Somalia South Africa (Afrikaners) Togo French Togoland Tunisia
Asia	Hong Kong India Japan Korea Pakistan
Middle East	Israel Lebanon Turkey United Arab Emirates
Europe	Hungary Netherlands (Huguenots) Poland (Huguenots) United Kingdom (Huguenots)
North America	Canada Acadians Brayon Basque Franco-Albertans Franco-Columbian Franco-Manitoban Franco-Nunavois Franco-Ontarian Franco-Ténois Franco-Newfoundlander Franco-Yukonnais Fransaskois Québécois Cuba French Antilles¹ Guatemala Haiti Jamaica Mexico Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis United States Cajuns French Canadians Huguenots Breton Corsican Basque
Oceania	Australia New Caledonia New Zealand
South America	Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Uruguay
See also	Basques Bretons Walloons Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
¹Overseas parts of France proper Migration of minorities in France (i.e. Basques) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).

Authority control databases
International	FAST
National	United States France BnF data Israel