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'''DGC Records''' (an initialism for the '''David Geffen Company''') was an American [[record label]] that operated as a division of [[Interscope Geffen A&M Records]], which is owned by[[Universal Music Group]].
'''DGC Records''' (an initialism for the '''David Geffen Company''') was an American [[record label]] that operated as a division of [[Interscope Geffen A&M Records]], which is owned by [[Universal Music Group]].



In 1999, after the [[PolyGram]] merger into UMG which created the Interscope Geffen A&M unit,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Philips |first=Chuck |date=1998-12-10 |title=Merger Puts Seagram at Top of Music Charts |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-10-fi-52395-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Strauss |first=Neil |date=1998-12-21 |title=A Major Merger Shakes Up the World of Rock |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/21/arts/a-major-merger-shakes-up-the-world-of-rock.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> DGC was absorbed into [[Geffen Records]], but was later revived in 2007 before being merged into Geffen again in September 2021 following eight years of inactivity.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-10 |title=Interscope Records (biography section) |url=https://www.avid.wiki/Interscope_Records |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Audiovisual Identity Database |language=en}}</ref>
In 1999, after the [[PolyGram]] merger into UMG which created the Interscope Geffen A&M unit,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Philips |first=Chuck |date=1998-12-10 |title=Merger Puts Seagram at Top of Music Charts |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-10-fi-52395-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Strauss |first=Neil |date=1998-12-21 |title=A Major Merger Shakes Up the World of Rock |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/21/arts/a-major-merger-shakes-up-the-world-of-rock.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> DGC was absorbed into [[Geffen Records]], but was later revived in 2007 before being merged into Geffen again in September 2021 following eight years of inactivity.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-10 |title=Interscope Records (biography section) |url=https://www.avid.wiki/Interscope_Records |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Audiovisual Identity Database |language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
DGC Records (The 'DGC' portion of the name was then known as the '''David Geffen Company''') was launched in 1990 by [[David Geffen]] as a subsidiary label of [[Geffen Records]] and was distributed by [[Warner Bros. Records]] until 1991, when it was acquired by MCA Music Entertainment Group, a division of [[MCA Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1990-03-21 |title=Geffen Launches New Label: Music mogul David... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-21-fi-802-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JUBE SHIVER |last2=Cieply |first2=Michael |date=1990-03-15 |title=MCA Buys Out Last Major Independent Record Label : Entertainment: In a much anticipated deal, the giant conglomerate will get Geffen Records for stock worth $545 million. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-15-fi-389-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Stevenson |first=Richard W. |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=1990-03-15 |title=Geffen Records Sold to MCA For Stock Worth $550 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/15/business/geffen-records-sold-to-mca-for-stock-worth-550-million.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The label was created as a response to the success Geffen had with the harder rock acts on its roster. Though it initially focused on more progressive rock and heavy metal, as the decade progressed it also embraced the emergence of (and become a seminal label of) [[alternative rock]], with influential acts like [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Sonic Youth]], [[Hole (band)|Hole]], [[Weezer]] and [[Beck]]. The label also released early titles by [[Philadelphia]] [[Alternative hip hop|alternative]] [[hip hop music|hip hop]] band [[The Roots]].
DGC Records (The 'DGC' portion of the name was then known as the '''David Geffen Company''') was launched in 1990 by [[David Geffen]] as a subsidiary label of [[Geffen Records]] and was distributed by [[Warner Bros. Records]] until 1991, when it was acquired by MCA Music Entertainment Group, a division of [[MCA Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1990-03-21 |title=Geffen Launches New Label: Music mogul David... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-21-fi-802-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jr |first1=JUBE SHIVER |last2=Cieply |first2=Michael |date=1990-03-15 |title=MCA Buys Out Last Major Independent Record Label : Entertainment: In a much anticipated deal, the giant conglomerate will get Geffen Records for stock worth $545 million. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-15-fi-389-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stevenson |first1=Richard W. |date=1990-03-15 |title=Geffen Records Sold to MCA For Stock Worth $550 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/15/business/geffen-records-sold-to-mca-for-stock-worth-550-million.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The label was created as a response to the success Geffen had with the harder rock acts on its roster. Though it initially focused on more progressive rock and heavy metal, as the decade progressed it also embraced the emergence of (and become a seminal label of) [[alternative rock]], with influential acts like [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Sonic Youth]], [[Hole (band)|Hole]], [[Weezer]] and [[Beck]]. The label also released early titles by [[Philadelphia]] [[Alternative hip hop|alternative]] [[hip hop music|hip hop]] band [[the Roots]].


In 1996, a year after Matsushita Corporation (now [[Panasonic]]) sold off 80% of MCA Inc. To Canadian distillery and media conglomerate [[Seagram]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=James |date=1995-04-07 |title=Matsushita to Sell 80% of MCA to Seagram Co. : Business: Distiller to pay about $7.1 billion. Japanese owner and Hollywood giant clashed often over five years. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-04-07-mn-52060-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> the company name was reincorporated as Universal Studios, Inc. (later doing business as [[Universal Pictures]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Anita M. |date=1996-12-10 |title=A whole new U for MCA |url=https://variety.com/1996/scene/vpage/a-whole-new-u-for-mca-1117466464/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Even so, MCA Music Entertainment also rebranded as [[Universal Music Group]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=James |date=1996-12-10 |title=Name Dropping : Parent Firm Won't Be 'MCA' Anymore |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-12-10-fi-7695-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> DGC, and its sister labels, Geffen, [[Interscope Records]], [[DreamWorks Records]], [[MCA Records]], [[Universal Records (1995−2006)|Universal Records]] and [[Republic Records]], would now operate under the new music company name. However, despite the parent company name changing, chances of DGC performing as a label proved less fruitful as its record sales started to see a small 19% decrease in the first quarter of 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Timberg |first=Scott |date=2017-10-25 |title=The life and death of the indie-rock heyday |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/10/25/16070928/peak-indie-rock-1997 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref>
In 1994, Nirvana, which became one of DGC's most promising sources of revenue following the release of their 1991 album ''[[Nevermind]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/nirvana-kurt-cobain-sign-to-geffen-the-real-story/|title=Grunge goes mainstream: 30 years on from when Nirvana signed to Geffen|first=Joe|last=Taysom|publisher=Far Out Magazine|date=2021-04-30|access-date=2024-07-17}}</ref> would disband.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-06-ca-42770-story.html|title=Nirvana Pulls Out of Tour Plan : Pop music: Amid reports of a breakup, the band withdraws from talks about headlining this summer's 'Lollapalooza '94,' citing singer Kurt Cobain's health problems.|first=Steve|last=Hochman|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 6, 1994|accessdate=July 17, 2024}}</ref> In 1995, [[David Geffen]] would leave Geffen Records to help form DreamWorks SKG (later [[DreamWorks Pictures]]) with [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendelson |first=Scott |title=15 Years Of DreamWorks Animation And Its Complicated Legacy |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/10/02/15-years-of-dreamworks-animation-and-its-complicated-legacy/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> In 1996, a year after Matsushita Corporation (now [[Panasonic]]) sold off 80% of MCA Inc. To Canadian distillery and media conglomerate [[Seagram]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=James |date=1995-04-07 |title=Matsushita to Sell 80% of MCA to Seagram Co. : Business: Distiller to pay about $7.1 billion. Japanese owner and Hollywood giant clashed often over five years. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-04-07-mn-52060-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> the company name was reincorporated as Universal Studios, Inc. (later doing business as [[Universal Pictures]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Anita M. |date=1996-12-10 |title=A whole new U for MCA |url=https://variety.com/1996/scene/vpage/a-whole-new-u-for-mca-1117466464/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Even so, MCA Music Entertainment also rebranded as [[Universal Music Group]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=James |date=1996-12-10 |title=Name Dropping : Parent Firm Won't Be 'MCA' Anymore |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-12-10-fi-7695-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> DGC, and its sister labels, Geffen, [[Interscope Records]], [[DreamWorks Records]], [[MCA Records]], [[Universal Records (1995−2006)|Universal Records]] and [[Republic Records]], would now operate under the new music company name. However, despite the parent company name changing, chances of DGC performing as a label proved less fruitful as its record sales started to see a small 19% decrease in the first quarter of 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Timberg |first=Scott |date=2017-10-25 |title=The life and death of the indie-rock heyday |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/10/25/16070928/peak-indie-rock-1997 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref>


On December 10, 1998, Seagram completed its seven-month $10.6 billion plan to acquire [[PolyGram]], merging its music division's operations into Universal Music.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandler |first=Adam |date=1998-12-11 |title=Music will boot 3,000 |url=https://variety.com/1998/music/news/music-will-boot-3-000-1117489335/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Following so, on time for New Year's Day 1999, UMG combined the operations of Interscope, Geffen and now-inactive sister label [[A&M Records]] into [[Interscope Geffen A&M Records]], a newly formed one out of the four label groups under UMG (the other three being the [[Verve Records|Verve Label Group]], [[Universal Motown Republic Group]] and the [[The Island Def Jam Music Group|Island Def Jam Music Group]]).<ref name=":0" /> DGC would have been a sister label to newly acquired A&M, [[Island Records]], [[Def Jam Recordings]], [[Mercury Records]] and [[Motown]] (which had previously been a part of UMG during its preceding MCA era from 1988-91), but later in 1999, the label's operations were folded into Geffen Records, as was A&M (which itself would be absorbed into Geffen's parenting label, Interscope).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hilburn |first=Robert |last2=Boucher |first2=Geoff |last3=Philips |first3=Chuck |date=1999-01-22 |title=A & M Records Closes; Geffen Lays Off 110 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-22-mn-524-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The retained acts went on to record for the main Geffen imprint. However, [[Beck]] and [[Sonic Youth]] would remain recording for DGC until August 2003, during a reorganization at IGA, which finally fulfilled both acts' involvement with the imprint when they altogether would finally be drafted into Geffen, effectively ending the label name,{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} at the same time as MCA and DreamWorks Records being absorbed into the label as well,<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCA, GEFFEN TO MERGE |url=https://hitsdailydouble.com/news&id=276833&title=MCA-GEFFEN-TO-MERGE |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=HITS Daily Double |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UMG buys DreamWorks Records |url=https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/11/12/umg-buys-dreamworks-records/28774491007/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> expanding Geffen's artist roster.
On December 10, 1998, Seagram completed its seven-month $10.6 billion plan to acquire [[PolyGram]], merging its music division's operations into Universal Music.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandler |first=Adam |date=1998-12-11 |title=Music will boot 3,000 |url=https://variety.com/1998/music/news/music-will-boot-3-000-1117489335/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Following so, on time for New Year's Day 1999, UMG combined the operations of Interscope, Geffen and now-inactive sister label [[A&M Records]] into [[Interscope Geffen A&M Records]], a newly formed one out of the four label groups under UMG (the other three being the [[Verve Records|Verve Label Group]], [[Universal Motown Republic Group]] and the [[The Island Def Jam Music Group|Island Def Jam Music Group]]).<ref name=":0" /> DGC would have been a sister label to newly acquired A&M, [[Island Records]], [[Def Jam Recordings]], [[Mercury Records]] and [[Motown]] (which had previously been a part of UMG during its preceding MCA era from 1988 to 1991), but later in 1999, the label's operations were folded into Geffen Records, as was A&M (which itself would be absorbed into Geffen's parenting label, Interscope).<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hilburn |first1=Robert |last2=Boucher |first2=Geoff |last3=Philips |first3=Chuck |date=1999-01-22 |title=A & M Records Closes; Geffen Lays Off 110 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-22-mn-524-story.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The retained acts went on to record for the main Geffen imprint. However, [[Beck]] and [[Sonic Youth]] would remain recording for DGC until August 2003, during a reorganization at IGA, which finally fulfilled both acts' involvement with the imprint when they altogether would finally be drafted into Geffen, effectively ending the label name,{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} at the same time as MCA and DreamWorks Records being absorbed into the label as well,<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCA, GEFFEN TO MERGE |url=https://hitsdailydouble.com/news&id=276833&title=MCA-GEFFEN-TO-MERGE |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=HITS Daily Double |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UMG buys DreamWorks Records |url=https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/11/12/umg-buys-dreamworks-records/28774491007/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> expanding Geffen's artist roster.


In the years to follow, the DGC title and logo occasionally appeared on reissues of its past catalog items, maintained by UMG's catalogue remaster label [[Universal Music Enterprises]].
In the years to follow, the DGC title and logo occasionally appeared on reissues of its past catalog items, maintained by UMG's catalogue remaster label [[Universal Music Enterprises]].


In 2007, the label was revived as a brand for both Geffen and Interscope Records, inheriting many alternative acts signed to Interscope Geffen A&M (including acts that previously recorded for either Geffen, MCA or DreamWorks Records).{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} Throughout its revival, it released albums by [[Weezer]], [[Beck]], [[Counting Crows]], [[Papa Roach]], [[AFI (band)|AFI]] and [[Rise Against]]. In 2008, DGC, in partnership with [[MySpace Records]], signed [[Los Angeles]]-based artist [[Meiko (American singer)|Meiko]] (through indie label Lucky Ear Music) and alternative indie [[singer-songwriter]] [[Kate Voegele]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
In 2007, the label was revived as a brand for both Geffen and Interscope Records, inheriting many alternative acts signed to Interscope Geffen A&M (including acts that previously recorded for either Geffen, MCA or DreamWorks Records).{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} Throughout its revival, it released albums by [[Weezer]], [[Beck]], [[Counting Crows]], [[Papa Roach]], [[AFI (band)|AFI]] and [[Rise Against]]. In 2008, DGC, in partnership with [[MySpace Records]], signed Los Angeles-based artist [[Meiko (American singer)|Meiko]] (through indie label Lucky Ear Music) and alternative indie [[singer-songwriter]] [[Kate Voegele]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}


In 2009, [[Blink-182]] and [[Alabama]] rapper [[Yelawolf]] also joined the imprint. Albums releases followed: Blink-182's [[Neighborhoods (Blink-182 album)|''Neighborhoods'']] (2011),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heisel |first=Scott |date=2011-09-25 |title=Blink-182 - Neighborhoods |url=https://www.altpress.com/blink_182_neighborhoods/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Alternative Press Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Yelawolf's EP, [[Trunk Muzik|''Trunk Muzik 0-60'']] (2010),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Jody |date=2010-11-22 |title=Trunk Muzik 0-60 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/trunk-muzik-0-60-118799/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Records |first=Interscope |title=Yelawolf Releases Trunk Muzik 0 - 60 on Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment/DGC/Interscope Records — on November 22nd |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/yelawolf-releases-trunk-muzik-0---60-on-ghet-o-vision-entertainmentdgcinterscope-records--on-november-22nd-106972563.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> and his sophomore studio album, [[Radioactive (Yelawolf album)|''Radioactive'']] (released in conjunction with [[Kawan Prather]]'s Ghet-O-Vision and [[Eminem]]'s [[Shady Records]] on November 21, 2011).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Higgins |first=Insanul Ahmed, Keenan |title=The Making of Yelawolf's "Radioactive" |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/insanul-ahmed/the-making-of-yelawolfs-radioactive |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Complex |language=en-us}}</ref> All three projects managed to receive critical praise and commercial success.
In 2009, [[Blink-182]] and [[Alabama]] rapper [[Yelawolf]] also joined the imprint. Albums releases followed: Blink-182's [[Neighborhoods (Blink-182 album)|''Neighborhoods'']] (2011),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heisel |first=Scott |date=2011-09-25 |title=Blink-182 – Neighborhoods |url=https://www.altpress.com/blink_182_neighborhoods/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Alternative Press Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Yelawolf's EP, [[Trunk Muzik|''Trunk Muzik 0-60'']] (2010),<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rosen |first=Jody |date=2010-11-22 |title=Trunk Muzik 0-60 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/trunk-muzik-0-60-118799/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |last=Records |first=Interscope |title=Yelawolf Releases Trunk Muzik 0 – 60 on Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment/DGC/Interscope Records — on November 22nd |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/yelawolf-releases-trunk-muzik-0---60-on-ghet-o-vision-entertainmentdgcinterscope-records--on-november-22nd-106972563.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> and his sophomore studio album, [[Radioactive (Yelawolf album)|''Radioactive'']] (released in conjunction with [[Kawan Prather]]'s Ghet-O-Vision and [[Eminem]]'s [[Shady Records]] on November 21, 2011).<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Insanul |last1=Ahmed |first2=Keenan |last2=Higgins |title=The Making of Yelawolf's "Radioactive" |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/insanul-ahmed/the-making-of-yelawolfs-radioactive |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Complex |language=en-us}}</ref> All three projects managed to receive critical praise and commercial success.


In December 2010, [[Luke Wood]] stepped down as president of the label.<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{cite news|last=Halperin|first=Shirley|title=Luke Wood Named President and COO of Beats Headphones|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/luke-wood-named-president-coo-94963-0|accessdate=15 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=1 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/17943315|title=Luke Wood, Beats Electronics LLC: Profile and Biography|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> After five years under Geffen, [[Compton, California|Compton]] rapper [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] resigned with Interscope through DGC. On August 22, 2011, his fourth studio album, [[The R.E.D. Album|''The R.E.D. Album'']], was released under the imprint. Despite mixed reception, it debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caulfield |first=Keith |date=2011-08-31 |title=Game’s ‘R.E.D.’ Debuts at No. 1 On Billboard 200 Albums Chart |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/games-red-debuts-at-no-1-on-billboard-200-albums-chart-1172779/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> After releasing his fifth follow-up, [[Jesus Piece (album)|''Jesus Piece'']], in December 2012, Game parted ways with DGC and ended his relationship with Interscope.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diep |first=Eric DiepEric |date=2013-10-02 |title=Game's Leaving Interscope - XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/game-confirms-leave-interscope/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=XXL Mag |language=en}}</ref> As a result, and without an artist on its own roster, the label went inactive in 2013. However, DGC as an imprint and name managed to hold copyrights for reissues of catalogue releases under UMe for the time being.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}.
In December 2010, [[Luke Wood]] stepped down as president of the label.<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{cite news|last=Halperin|first=Shirley|title=Luke Wood Named President and COO of Beats Headphones|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/luke-wood-named-president-coo-94963-0|accessdate=15 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=1 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/17943315|title=Luke Wood, Beats Electronics LLC: Profile and Biography|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> After five years under Geffen, [[Compton, California|Compton]] rapper [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] resigned with Interscope through DGC. On August 22, 2011, his fourth studio album, ''[[The R.E.D. Album]]'', was released under the imprint. Despite mixed reception, it debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Caulfield |first=Keith |date=2011-08-31 |title=Game's 'R.E.D.' Debuts at No. 1 On Billboard 200 Albums Chart |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/games-red-debuts-at-no-1-on-billboard-200-albums-chart-1172779/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> After releasing his fifth follow-up, [[Jesus Piece (album)|''Jesus Piece'']], in December 2012, Game parted ways with DGC and ended his relationship with Interscope.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diep |first=Eric|date=2013-10-02 |title=Game's Leaving Interscope – XXL |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/game-confirms-leave-interscope/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=XXL Mag |language=en}}</ref> As a result, and without an artist on its own roster, the label went inactive in 2013. However, DGC as an imprint and name managed to hold copyrights for reissues of catalogue releases under UMe for the time being.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}


On September 27, 2021, following its eight years of hibernation, DGC Records was permanently merged into Geffen Records, once again ending the label's operations and name.<ref name=":2" /> The remains of DGC's artist roster and catalogue releases were to be transferred to Geffen following its merger and later closure.<ref name=":2" /> The last of what was the imprint is now under the corporate control of Universal Music's Interscope Geffen A&M division.
On September 27, 2021, following its eight years of hibernation, DGC Records was permanently merged into Geffen Records, once again ending the label's operations and name.<ref name=":2" /> The remains of DGC's artist roster and catalogue releases were to be transferred to Geffen following its merger and later closure.<ref name=":2" /> The last of what was the imprint is now under the corporate control of Universal Music's Interscope Geffen A&M division.


To date, the best-selling album in the DGC catalog is ''[[Nevermind]]'', the 1991 album by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], reaching international sales of 25 million copies worldwide, with ten million copies sold in the [[United States]], and was one of the first albums on the label to be [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]-[[RIAA certification|certified]] diamond.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sexton |first=Paul |date=2023-09-24 |title=How Nirvana Redefined Teen Spirit And Rewrote Rock With ‘Nevermind’ |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/nirvana-nevermind-album/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref>
To date, the best-selling album in the DGC catalog is ''[[Nevermind]]'', the 1991 album by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], reaching international sales of 25 million copies worldwide, with ten million copies sold in the United States, and was one of the first albums on the label to be [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]–[[RIAA certification|certified]] diamond.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sexton |first=Paul |date=2023-09-24 |title=How Nirvana Redefined Teen Spirit And Rewrote Rock With 'Nevermind' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/nirvana-nevermind-album/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Artists==
==Artists prior to 2021 closure==
The following artists have recorded for DGC Records:
The following artists have recorded for DGC Records:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
Line 86: Line 85:
*Jasper and the Prodigal Sons
*Jasper and the Prodigal Sons
*[[Jawbreaker (band)|Jawbreaker]]
*[[Jawbreaker (band)|Jawbreaker]]
*[[Jimmy Eat World]]'''
*[[Jimmy Eat World]]
*[[King of Kings]]
*[[King of Kings]]
*[[Klaxons]]
*[[Klaxons]]
Line 131: Line 130:
*[[Veruca Salt (band)|Veruca Salt]]
*[[Veruca Salt (band)|Veruca Salt]]
*[[Kate Voegele]]
*[[Kate Voegele]]
*[[Billy Joe Walker, Jr.]]
*[[Billy Joe Walker Jr.]]
*[[Warrior Soul]]
*[[Warrior Soul]]
*[[Weezer]]
*[[Weezer]]
Line 146: Line 145:
* [[List of record labels]]
* [[List of record labels]]
* [[DGC Rarities Vol. 1]]
* [[DGC Rarities Vol. 1]]
* [[Interscope Geffen A&M Records]]


==References==
==References==
Line 164: Line 164:
[[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:David Geffen]]
[[Category:David Geffen]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in California]]

Latest revision as of 20:42, 12 November 2024

DGC Records
Parent companyUniversal Music Group
Founded1990; 34 years ago (1990)
2007; 17 years ago (2007) (relaunch)
FounderDavid Geffen
Defunct1999 (1999) (original)
2021 (2021) (relaunch)
StatusInactive
Distributor(s)Interscope Geffen A&M Records
(United States)
Polydor Records
(United Kingdom)
GenreVarious; general focus on rock
Country of originUnited States
LocationSanta Monica, California
Official websitewww.dgcrecords.com [dead link‍]

DGC Records (an initialism for the David Geffen Company) was an American record label that operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, which is owned by Universal Music Group.

In 1999, after the PolyGram merger into UMG which created the Interscope Geffen A&M unit,[1][2] DGC was absorbed into Geffen Records, but was later revived in 2007 before being merged into Geffen again in September 2021 following eight years of inactivity.[3]

History

[edit]

DGC Records (The 'DGC' portion of the name was then known as the David Geffen Company) was launched in 1990 by David Geffen as a subsidiary label of Geffen Records and was distributed by Warner Bros. Records until 1991, when it was acquired by MCA Music Entertainment Group, a division of MCA Inc.[4][5][6] The label was created as a response to the success Geffen had with the harder rock acts on its roster. Though it initially focused on more progressive rock and heavy metal, as the decade progressed it also embraced the emergence of (and become a seminal label of) alternative rock, with influential acts like Nirvana, Sonic Youth, Hole, Weezer and Beck. The label also released early titles by Philadelphia alternative hip hop band the Roots.

In 1994, Nirvana, which became one of DGC's most promising sources of revenue following the release of their 1991 album Nevermind,[7] would disband.[8] In 1995, David Geffen would leave Geffen Records to help form DreamWorks SKG (later DreamWorks Pictures) with Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg.[9] In 1996, a year after Matsushita Corporation (now Panasonic) sold off 80% of MCA Inc. To Canadian distillery and media conglomerate Seagram,[10] the company name was reincorporated as Universal Studios, Inc. (later doing business as Universal Pictures).[11] Even so, MCA Music Entertainment also rebranded as Universal Music Group.[12] DGC, and its sister labels, Geffen, Interscope Records, DreamWorks Records, MCA Records, Universal Records and Republic Records, would now operate under the new music company name. However, despite the parent company name changing, chances of DGC performing as a label proved less fruitful as its record sales started to see a small 19% decrease in the first quarter of 1997.[13]

On December 10, 1998, Seagram completed its seven-month $10.6 billion plan to acquire PolyGram, merging its music division's operations into Universal Music.[2][14] Following so, on time for New Year's Day 1999, UMG combined the operations of Interscope, Geffen and now-inactive sister label A&M Records into Interscope Geffen A&M Records, a newly formed one out of the four label groups under UMG (the other three being the Verve Label Group, Universal Motown Republic Group and the Island Def Jam Music Group).[1] DGC would have been a sister label to newly acquired A&M, Island Records, Def Jam Recordings, Mercury Records and Motown (which had previously been a part of UMG during its preceding MCA era from 1988 to 1991), but later in 1999, the label's operations were folded into Geffen Records, as was A&M (which itself would be absorbed into Geffen's parenting label, Interscope).[15] The retained acts went on to record for the main Geffen imprint. However, Beck and Sonic Youth would remain recording for DGC until August 2003, during a reorganization at IGA, which finally fulfilled both acts' involvement with the imprint when they altogether would finally be drafted into Geffen, effectively ending the label name,[citation needed] at the same time as MCA and DreamWorks Records being absorbed into the label as well,[16][17] expanding Geffen's artist roster.

In the years to follow, the DGC title and logo occasionally appeared on reissues of its past catalog items, maintained by UMG's catalogue remaster label Universal Music Enterprises.

In 2007, the label was revived as a brand for both Geffen and Interscope Records, inheriting many alternative acts signed to Interscope Geffen A&M (including acts that previously recorded for either Geffen, MCA or DreamWorks Records).[citation needed] Throughout its revival, it released albums by Weezer, Beck, Counting Crows, Papa Roach, AFI and Rise Against. In 2008, DGC, in partnership with MySpace Records, signed Los Angeles-based artist Meiko (through indie label Lucky Ear Music) and alternative indie singer-songwriter Kate Voegele.[citation needed]

In 2009, Blink-182 and Alabama rapper Yelawolf also joined the imprint. Albums releases followed: Blink-182's Neighborhoods (2011),[18] Yelawolf's EP, Trunk Muzik 0-60 (2010),[19][20] and his sophomore studio album, Radioactive (released in conjunction with Kawan Prather's Ghet-O-Vision and Eminem's Shady Records on November 21, 2011).[21] All three projects managed to receive critical praise and commercial success.

In December 2010, Luke Wood stepped down as president of the label.[22][23] After five years under Geffen, Compton rapper The Game resigned with Interscope through DGC. On August 22, 2011, his fourth studio album, The R.E.D. Album, was released under the imprint. Despite mixed reception, it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.[24] After releasing his fifth follow-up, Jesus Piece, in December 2012, Game parted ways with DGC and ended his relationship with Interscope.[25] As a result, and without an artist on its own roster, the label went inactive in 2013. However, DGC as an imprint and name managed to hold copyrights for reissues of catalogue releases under UMe for the time being.[citation needed]

On September 27, 2021, following its eight years of hibernation, DGC Records was permanently merged into Geffen Records, once again ending the label's operations and name.[3] The remains of DGC's artist roster and catalogue releases were to be transferred to Geffen following its merger and later closure.[3] The last of what was the imprint is now under the corporate control of Universal Music's Interscope Geffen A&M division.

To date, the best-selling album in the DGC catalog is Nevermind, the 1991 album by Nirvana, reaching international sales of 25 million copies worldwide, with ten million copies sold in the United States, and was one of the first albums on the label to be RIAA–certified diamond.[26]

Artists prior to 2021 closure

[edit]

The following artists have recorded for DGC Records:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Philips, Chuck (1998-12-10). "Merger Puts Seagram at Top of Music Charts". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  2. ^ a b Strauss, Neil (1998-12-21). "A Major Merger Shakes Up the World of Rock". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  3. ^ a b c "Interscope Records (biography section)". Audiovisual Identity Database. 2023-10-10. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  4. ^ Archives, L. A. Times (1990-03-21). "Geffen Launches New Label: Music mogul David..." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  5. ^ Jr, JUBE SHIVER; Cieply, Michael (1990-03-15). "MCA Buys Out Last Major Independent Record Label : Entertainment: In a much anticipated deal, the giant conglomerate will get Geffen Records for stock worth $545 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  6. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (1990-03-15). "Geffen Records Sold to MCA For Stock Worth $550 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  7. ^ Taysom, Joe (2021-04-30). "Grunge goes mainstream: 30 years on from when Nirvana signed to Geffen". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
  8. ^ Hochman, Steve (April 6, 1994), "Nirvana Pulls Out of Tour Plan : Pop music: Amid reports of a breakup, the band withdraws from talks about headlining this summer's 'Lollapalooza '94,' citing singer Kurt Cobain's health problems.", Los Angeles Times, retrieved July 17, 2024
  9. ^ Mendelson, Scott. "15 Years Of DreamWorks Animation And Its Complicated Legacy". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
  10. ^ Bates, James (1995-04-07). "Matsushita to Sell 80% of MCA to Seagram Co. : Business: Distiller to pay about $7.1 billion. Japanese owner and Hollywood giant clashed often over five years". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  11. ^ Busch, Anita M. (1996-12-10). "A whole new U for MCA". Variety. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  12. ^ Bates, James (1996-12-10). "Name Dropping : Parent Firm Won't Be 'MCA' Anymore". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  13. ^ Timberg, Scott (2017-10-25). "The life and death of the indie-rock heyday". Vox. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  14. ^ Sandler, Adam (1998-12-11). "Music will boot 3,000". Variety. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  15. ^ Hilburn, Robert; Boucher, Geoff; Philips, Chuck (1999-01-22). "A & M Records Closes; Geffen Lays Off 110". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  16. ^ "MCA, GEFFEN TO MERGE". HITS Daily Double. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  17. ^ "UMG buys DreamWorks Records". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  18. ^ Heisel, Scott (2011-09-25). "Blink-182 – Neighborhoods". Alternative Press Magazine. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  19. ^ Rosen, Jody (2010-11-22). "Trunk Muzik 0-60". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  20. ^ Records, Interscope. "Yelawolf Releases Trunk Muzik 0 – 60 on Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment/DGC/Interscope Records — on November 22nd". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  21. ^ Ahmed, Insanul; Higgins, Keenan. "The Making of Yelawolf's "Radioactive"". Complex. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  22. ^ Halperin, Shirley (1 February 2011). "Luke Wood Named President and COO of Beats Headphones". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  23. ^ "Luke Wood, Beats Electronics LLC: Profile and Biography". Bloomberg.com.
  24. ^ Caulfield, Keith (2011-08-31). "Game's 'R.E.D.' Debuts at No. 1 On Billboard 200 Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  25. ^ Diep, Eric (2013-10-02). "Game's Leaving Interscope – XXL". XXL Mag. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  26. ^ Sexton, Paul (2023-09-24). "How Nirvana Redefined Teen Spirit And Rewrote Rock With 'Nevermind'". uDiscover Music. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
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