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| name = Būr-Sîn
| name = Būr-Sîn
| title = King of [[Isin]]
| title = King of [[Isin]]
| image=
| image=Cylinder seal of Bur-Sin.jpg
|image_size=300
| caption =
| caption =Cylinder seal of Bur-Sin
| reign = ca. 1831 – 1811 BC
| reign = 21/22 regnal years<br />c. 1895-1875 BC ([[middle chronology|MC]])
| coronation =
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Ur-Ninurta]]
| predecessor = [[Ur-Ninurta]]
| successor = [[Lipit-Enlil]]
| successor = [[Lipit-Enlil]]
| suc-type =
| spouse =
| royal house = 1st Dynasty of [[Isin]]
| heir =
| consort =
| royal house = 1<sup>st</sup> Dynasty of [[Isin]]
| royal anthem =
| father =
| father =
| mother =
| mother =
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| buried =}}
| buried =}}
'''Būr-Sîn''', inscribed <sup>d</sup>''bur'' <sup>d</sup>EN.ZU, ca. 1831 – 1811 BC ([[short chronology]]) or ca. 1895 – 1874 BC ([[Chronology of the ancient Near East#Variant Bronze Age chronologies|middle chronology]]) was the 7<sup>th</sup> king of the 1<sup>st</sup> Dynasty of [[Isin]] and ruled for 21 years according to the ''Sumerian King List'',<ref group=i>''Sumerian King List'', WS 444, the Weld Blundell prism.</ref> 22 years according to the ''Ur-Isin king list''.<ref group=i>''Ur-Isin king list'' MS 1686.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts: Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection: Cuneiform Texts | author = Jöran Friberg | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | pages = 231–235 }}</ref> His reign was characterized by an ebb and flow in hegemony over the religious centers of [[Nippur]] and [[Ur]].
'''Būr-Sîn''' (inscribed {{cuneiform|𒀭𒁓𒀭𒂗𒍪}} <sup>d</sup>''bur''-<sup>d</sup><small>EN.ZU</small>), c. 1895 – 1874 BC ([[middle chronology|MC]]) was the 7th king of the 1st Dynasty of [[Isin]] and ruled for 21 years according to the ''Sumerian King List'',<ref group=i>''Sumerian King List'', WS 444, the Weld Blundell prism.</ref> 22 years according to the ''Ur-Isin king list''.<ref group=i>''Ur-Isin king list'' MS 1686.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts: Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection: Cuneiform Texts | url = https://archive.org/details/remarkablecollec00frib | url-access = limited | author = Jöran Friberg | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/remarkablecollec00frib/page/n251 231]–235 }}</ref> His reign was characterized by an ebb and flow in hegemony over the religious centers of [[Nippur]] and [[Ur]].

==Biography==
==Biography==
The titles “shepherd who makes Nippur content,” "mighty farmer of Ur," “who restores the designs for [[Eridu]]” and “''en'' priest for the ''mes'', for Uruk” were used by Būr-Sîn in his standard brick inscriptions in Nippur and Isin,<ref group=i>For example, brick CBS 8642 from Nippur and brick IM 76546 from Isin.</ref> although it seems unlikely that his rule stretched to Ur or Eridu at this time as the only inscriptions with an archaeological provenance come from the two northerly cities.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection | author = A. R. George | publisher = CDL Press | year = 2011 | page = 93 }}</ref> A solitary tablet from Ur is dated to his first year, but this is thought to correspond to Abē-sarē’s year 11, for which several tablets attest to his reign over Ur.


The titles “shepherd who makes Nippur content,” "mighty farmer of Ur," “who restores the designs for [[Eridu]]” and “''en'' priest for the ''mes'', for Uruk” were used by Būr-Sîn in his standard brick inscriptions in Nippur and Isin,<ref group=i>For example, brick CBS 8642 from Nippur and brick IM 76546 from Isin.</ref> although it seems unlikely that his rule stretched to Ur or Eridu at this time as the only inscriptions with an archaeological provenance come from the two northerly cities.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection | author = A. R. George | publisher = CDL Press | year = 2011 | page = 93 }}</ref> A solitary tablet from Ur is dated to his first year, but this is thought to correspond to Abē-sarē’s year 11, for which several tablets attest to his reign over Ur.
He was contemporary with the tail end of the reign of [[Abisare|Abī-sarē]], ca, 1841 to 1830 BC (short) and that of [[Sumuel|Sūmú-El]], ca. 1830 to 1801 BC (short), the kings of [[Larsa]]. This latter king’s year-names record victories over Akusum, [[Kazallu]], [[Uruk]] (which had seceded from Isin), Lugal-Sîn, Ka-ida, Sabum, [[Kish (Sumer)|Kiš]], and village of Nanna-isa, relentlessly edging north and feverish activity digging canals or filling them in, possibly to counter the measures taken by Būr-Sîn to contain him.<ref name=fitzgerald>{{ cite book | title = The Rulers of Larsa | author = M. Fitzgerald | publisher = Yale University Dissertation | year = 2002 | page =55-75 }}</ref> Only nine of Būr-Sîn's own year-names are known and the sequence is uncertain. He seized control of [[Kisurra]] for a time as two year-names are found among tablets from this city, possibly following the departure of [[Sumu-abum]] the king of [[Babylon]] who “returned to his city.” The occupation was brief, however, as Sumu-El was to conquer it during his fourth year.<ref name=goddeeris>{{ cite book | title = Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum | author = Anne Goddeeris | publisher = Harrassowitz | year = 2009 | page = }}</ref> Other year-names record Būr-Sîn's construction of fortifications, walls on the bank of the Eurphrates and a canal. A year-name of Sumu-El records “Year after the year Sumu-El has opened the palace (?) of Nippur,” whose place in this king’s sequence is unknown.<ref name=goddeeris/>


He was contemporary with the tail end of the reign of [[Abisare|Abī-sarē]], c. 1905-1894 BC and that of [[Sumuel|Sūmú-El]], c. 1895-1866 BC, the kings of [[Larsa]]. This latter king’s year-names record victories over Akusum, [[Kazallu]], [[Uruk]] (which had seceded from Isin), Lugal-Sîn, Ka-ida, Sabum, [[Kish (Sumer)|Kiš]], and village of Nanna-isa, relentlessly edging north and feverish activity digging canals or filling them in, possibly to counter the measures taken by Būr-Sîn to contain him.<ref name=fitzgerald>{{ cite book | title = The Rulers of Larsa | author = M. Fitzgerald | publisher = Yale University Dissertation | year = 2002 | pages =55–75 }}</ref> Only nine of Būr-Sîn's own year-names are known and the sequence is uncertain. He seized control of [[Kisurra]] for a time as two year-names are found among tablets from this city, possibly following the departure of [[Sumu-abum]] the king of [[Babylon]] who “returned to his city.” The occupation was brief, however, as Sumu-El was to conquer it during his fourth year.<ref name=goddeeris>{{ cite book | title = Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum | author = Anne Goddeeris | publisher = Harrassowitz | year = 2009 }}</ref> Other year-names record Būr-Sîn's construction of fortifications, walls on the bank of the Eurphrates and a canal. A year-name of Sumu-El records “Year after the year Sumu-El has opened the palace (?) of Nippur,” whose place in this king’s sequence is unknown.<ref name=goddeeris/>
A red-brown agate statuette was dedicated to goddess [[Inanna]]<ref group=i>Formerly in collection of Frau G. Strauss.</ref> and an agate plate<ref group=i>LB 2120 in the Lagre Böhl collection.</ref> was dedicated by the ''lukur'' priestess and his “traveling companion,” i.e. concubine, Nanāia Ibsa. A certain individual by the name of Enlil-ennam dedicated a dog figurine to the goddess [[Ninisina]] for the life of the king. There are around five extant seals and seal impressions of his servants and scribes,<ref>{{ cite book | title = Old Babylonian period (2003-1595 BC): Early Periods, Volume 4 (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia) | author = Douglas Frayne | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 1990 | pages = 69–74 }}</ref> three of which were excavated in Ur suggesting a fleeting late reoccupancy of this city at the end of his reign and the beginning of his successor's as coincidentally no texts from Ur bear Sumu-El's years 19 to 22 which correspond with this period.<ref name=fitzgerald/>

A red-brown [[agate]] statuette was dedicated to goddess [[Inanna]]<ref group=i>Formerly in collection of Frau G. Strauss.</ref> and an agate plate<ref group=i>LB 2120 in the Lagre Böhl collection.</ref> was dedicated by the ''lukur'' priestess and his “traveling companion,” i.e. concubine, Nanāia Ibsa. A certain individual by the name of Enlil-ennam dedicated a dog figurine to the goddess [[Ninisina]] for the life of the king. There are around five extant seals and seal impressions of his servants and scribes,<ref>{{ cite book | title = Old Babylonian period (2003-1595 BC): Early Periods, Volume 4 (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia) | author = Douglas Frayne | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 1990 | pages = 69–74 }}</ref> three of which were excavated in Ur suggesting a fleeting late reoccupancy of this city at the end of his reign and the beginning of his successor's as coincidentally no texts from Ur bear Sumu-El's years 19 to 22 which correspond with this period.<ref name=fitzgerald/>


==External links==
*[http://cdli.ucla.edu/wiki/doku.php/bur-sin Būr-Sîn year names at CDLI]
*[http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr2571.htm An adab to Ninurta for Būr-Sîn]
*[http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr2572.htm An adab to Enlil for Būr-Sîn]
==Inscriptions==
==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>
<references group="i"/>

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Chronology of the ancient Near East]]
*[[List of Mesopotamian dynasties]]

==External links==
* Būr-Sîn year names at [http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=year_names_bur-sin CDLI]
* An adab to Ninurta for Būr-Sîn at [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr2571.htm ETCSL]
* An adab to Enlil for Būr-Sîn at [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr2572.htm ETCSL]

{{Kings of Isin-Larsa}}
{{Babylonian kings}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bur-Suen}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bur-Suen}}
[[Category:19th-century BC rulers]]
[[Category:19th-century BC Sumerian kings]]
[[Category:Dynasty of Isin]]
[[ca:Bur-Sin]]
[[es:Bur-Sin]]
[[fr:Bur-Sîn]]
[[oc:Bur-Sin]]
[[pl:Bur-Sin]]
[[ru:Бур-Син II]]

Latest revision as of 21:01, 8 November 2024

Būr-Sîn
King of Isin
Cylinder seal of Bur-Sin
Reign21/22 regnal years
c. 1895-1875 BC (MC)
PredecessorUr-Ninurta
SuccessorLipit-Enlil
House1st Dynasty of Isin

Būr-Sîn (inscribed 𒀭𒁓𒀭𒂗𒍪 dbur-dEN.ZU), c. 1895 – 1874 BC (MC) was the 7th king of the 1st Dynasty of Isin and ruled for 21 years according to the Sumerian King List,[i 1] 22 years according to the Ur-Isin king list.[i 2][1] His reign was characterized by an ebb and flow in hegemony over the religious centers of Nippur and Ur.

Biography

[edit]

The titles “shepherd who makes Nippur content,” "mighty farmer of Ur," “who restores the designs for Eridu” and “en priest for the mes, for Uruk” were used by Būr-Sîn in his standard brick inscriptions in Nippur and Isin,[i 3] although it seems unlikely that his rule stretched to Ur or Eridu at this time as the only inscriptions with an archaeological provenance come from the two northerly cities.[2] A solitary tablet from Ur is dated to his first year, but this is thought to correspond to Abē-sarē’s year 11, for which several tablets attest to his reign over Ur.

He was contemporary with the tail end of the reign of Abī-sarē, c. 1905-1894 BC and that of Sūmú-El, c. 1895-1866 BC, the kings of Larsa. This latter king’s year-names record victories over Akusum, Kazallu, Uruk (which had seceded from Isin), Lugal-Sîn, Ka-ida, Sabum, Kiš, and village of Nanna-isa, relentlessly edging north and feverish activity digging canals or filling them in, possibly to counter the measures taken by Būr-Sîn to contain him.[3] Only nine of Būr-Sîn's own year-names are known and the sequence is uncertain. He seized control of Kisurra for a time as two year-names are found among tablets from this city, possibly following the departure of Sumu-abum the king of Babylon who “returned to his city.” The occupation was brief, however, as Sumu-El was to conquer it during his fourth year.[4] Other year-names record Būr-Sîn's construction of fortifications, walls on the bank of the Eurphrates and a canal. A year-name of Sumu-El records “Year after the year Sumu-El has opened the palace (?) of Nippur,” whose place in this king’s sequence is unknown.[4]

A red-brown agate statuette was dedicated to goddess Inanna[i 4] and an agate plate[i 5] was dedicated by the lukur priestess and his “traveling companion,” i.e. concubine, Nanāia Ibsa. A certain individual by the name of Enlil-ennam dedicated a dog figurine to the goddess Ninisina for the life of the king. There are around five extant seals and seal impressions of his servants and scribes,[5] three of which were excavated in Ur suggesting a fleeting late reoccupancy of this city at the end of his reign and the beginning of his successor's as coincidentally no texts from Ur bear Sumu-El's years 19 to 22 which correspond with this period.[3]

Inscriptions

[edit]
  1. ^ Sumerian King List, WS 444, the Weld Blundell prism.
  2. ^ Ur-Isin king list MS 1686.
  3. ^ For example, brick CBS 8642 from Nippur and brick IM 76546 from Isin.
  4. ^ Formerly in collection of Frau G. Strauss.
  5. ^ LB 2120 in the Lagre Böhl collection.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jöran Friberg (2007). A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts: Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection: Cuneiform Texts. Springer. pp. 231–235.
  2. ^ A. R. George (2011). Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection. CDL Press. p. 93.
  3. ^ a b M. Fitzgerald (2002). The Rulers of Larsa. Yale University Dissertation. pp. 55–75.
  4. ^ a b Anne Goddeeris (2009). Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum. Harrassowitz.
  5. ^ Douglas Frayne (1990). Old Babylonian period (2003-1595 BC): Early Periods, Volume 4 (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia). University of Toronto Press. pp. 69–74.

See also

[edit]
[edit]
  • Būr-Sîn year names at CDLI
  • An adab to Ninurta for Būr-Sîn at ETCSL
  • An adab to Enlil for Būr-Sîn at ETCSL