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{{Short description|Resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports}}
{{Short description|Resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports}}
{{Redirect|Ski station|the railway station at Ski in Norway|Ski Station}}
{{Redirect|Ski station|the railway station at Ski in Norway|Ski Station}}
{{more footnotes|date=June 2014}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2014}}
[[File:Ski resorts in the world.png|thumb|280px|Ski resorts in the world by country]]
[[File:Ski resorts in the world.png|thumb|380x380px|Ski resorts in the world by country]]
A '''ski resort''' is a [[resort]] developed for [[skiing]], [[snowboarding]], and other [[winter sports]]. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area – a mountainous area with [[piste]]s (ski trails) and a [[ski lift]] system. In [[North America]], it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are [[destination resort]]s, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.
A '''ski resort''' is a [[resort]] developed for [[skiing]], [[snowboarding]], and other [[winter sports]]. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a [[ski area]]–a mountainous area with [[piste]]s (ski trails) and a [[ski lift]] system. In [[North America]], it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are [[destination resort]]s, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.


==Ski resort==
==Ski resort==
[[File:World ski resorts.png|thumb|400px|{{center|Map of world ski resorts {{nowrap|([[ShareMap:traveler/Ski Resorts|interactive map]])}}}}]]
[[File:World ski resorts.png|thumb|400px|{{center|Map of world ski resorts}}]]
Ski resorts are located on both Northern and Southern Hemispheres on all continents except [[Antarctica]]. They typically are located on [[mountain]]s, as they require a large slope. They also need to receive sufficient [[snow]] (at least in combination with artificial [[snowmaking]], unless the resort uses [[dry ski slope]]s).
Ski resorts are located on both Northern and Southern Hemispheres on all continents except [[Antarctica]]. They typically are located on [[mountain]]s, as they require a large slope. They also need to receive sufficient [[snow]] (at least in combination with artificial [[snowmaking]], unless the resort uses [[dry ski slope]]s).


Line 14: Line 14:
* The most northern ski resort near [[Tromsø]], [[Norway]]
* The most northern ski resort near [[Tromsø]], [[Norway]]
* The most southern ski resort near [[Ushuaia]], [[Argentina]]
* The most southern ski resort near [[Ushuaia]], [[Argentina]]
* The ski resort closest to the equator from north, near [[Lijiang]], [[China]].
* The ski resort closest to the equator from the north, near [[Lijiang]], [[China]].
* The ski resort closest to the equator from south, near Mahlasela, [[Lesotho]].
* The ski resort closest to the equator from the south, near [[Mahlasela Pass|Mahlasela]], [[Lesotho]].
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


==Types==
==Types==
[[File:Mzaar Ski Resort1.jpg|thumb| [[Mzaar Kfardebian]] Ski Resort in [[Lebanon]]]]
[[File:Mzaar Ski Resort1.jpg|thumb| [[Mzaar Kfardebian]] Ski Resort in [[Lebanon]]]]
The ski industry has identified advancing generations of ski resorts:<ref>Heller, Mark F., editor (1979) [https://books.google.com/books?id=PlAGCkA8_ZIC ''The Skier's Encyclopedia''] Paddington Press {{ISBN|9780448224282}} pg 15–18, 140–145, 157–159</ref><ref>R. Knaffou (1978) ''Les Stations intégrées de sports d'hiver dans les Alpes françaises'', Paris: Masson {{ISBN|9782225494123}}</ref>
The ski industry has identified advancing generations of ski resorts:<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Heller |editor-first=Mark F. |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlAGCkA8_ZIC |title=The Skier's Encyclopedia |publisher=Paddington Press |isbn=9780448224282 |pages=15–18, 140–145, 157–159}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=R. |last=Knaffou |year=1978 |title=Les Stations intégrées de sports d'hiver dans les Alpes françaises |language=fr |location=Paris |publisher=Masson |isbn=9782225494123}}</ref>


;First generation: Developed around a well-established summer resort or village (e.g. [[Davos]], [[St. Moritz]], [[Kitzbühel]], [[Chamonix]], [[Cortina d'Ampezzo]], [[Megève]], {{lang|it|[[Val Gardena]]|italic=no}}).
;First generation: Developed around a well-established summer resort or village (e.g. [[Davos]], [[St. Moritz]], [[Kitzbühel]], [[Chamonix]], [[Cortina d'Ampezzo]], [[Megève]], {{lang|it|[[Val Gardena]]|italic=no}}).
;Second generation: Created from a non-tourist village or pasture (e.g. [[St Anton am Arlberg|St Anton]], [[Lech (Vorarlberg)|Lech]], {{Lang|fr|[[Courchevel]]|italic=no}}, {{Lang|fr|[[L'Alpe d'Huez]]|italic=no}}, [[Aspen/Snowmass|Aspen]], [[Breckenridge Ski Resort|Breckenridge]]).
;Second generation: Created from a non-tourist village or pasture (e.g. [[St Anton am Arlberg]], [[Lech (Vorarlberg)|Lech]], {{Lang|fr|[[Courchevel]]|italic=no}}, {{Lang|fr|[[L'Alpe d'Huez]]|italic=no}}, [[Aspen/Snowmass]], [[Breckenridge Ski Resort]]).
;Third generation or integrated: Designed from scratch on virgin territory to be a purpose-built ski resort, all the amenities and services nearby (e.g. [[Sestriere]], [[Flaine]], [[La Plagne]], [[Isola 2000]]).
;Third generation or integrated: Designed from scratch on virgin territory to be a purpose-built ski resort, all the amenities and services nearby (e.g. [[Sestriere]], [[Flaine]], [[La Plagne]], [[Isola 2000]]).
;Fourth generation or village resorts: Created from virgin territory or around an existing village, but more concerned with traditional uses (e.g. [[Valmeinier]], {{Lang|fr|[[Valmorel]]|italic=no}}, [[Shahdag Mountain Resort]]).
;Fourth generation or village resorts: Created from a virgin territory or around an existing village, but more concerned with traditional uses (e.g. [[Valmeinier]], {{Lang|fr|[[Valmorel]]|italic=no}}, [[Shahdag Mountain Resort]]).


The term '''ski station''' is also used, particularly in Europe, for a skiing facility which is not located in or near a town or village.
The term '''ski station''' is also used, particularly in Europe, for a skiing facility which is not located in or near a town or village. A ski resort which is also open for summer activities is often referred to as a [[mountain resort]].
A ski resort which is also open for summer activities is often referred to as a [[mountain resort]].


== Facilities and amenities ==
==Facilities and amenities==
[[File:2017-18 Skigebiet Zauchensee (41).jpg|thumb|This image of [[Zauchensee]], Austria, shows the pistes, served by a gondola lift, detachable chairlift and a funicular. There is a snow fence to prevent snowdrift; and avalanche towers and avalanche barriers to mitigate the risk of avalanches]]
[[File:2017-18 Skigebiet Zauchensee (41).jpg|thumb|This image of [[Zauchensee]], Austria, shows the pistes, served by a gondola lift, detachable chairlift and a funicular. There is a snow fence to prevent snowdrift; and avalanche towers and avalanche barriers to mitigate the risk of avalanches]]
[[File:Jasna-koliesko.jpg|thumb| [[Jasná]] ski resort in [[Slovakia]]]]
[[File:Jasna-koliesko.jpg|thumb| [[Jasná]] ski resort in [[Slovakia]]]]
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[[File:Etna nord skiresort.JPG|thumb|Ski resorts can also be situated on a [[volcano]] like this one on [[Mount Etna|Etna]] in [[Sicily]]]]
[[File:Etna nord skiresort.JPG|thumb|Ski resorts can also be situated on a [[volcano]] like this one on [[Mount Etna|Etna]] in [[Sicily]]]]
[[File:Pista Azzurra Gambarie.jpg|thumb|[[Gambarie]], a ski resort above the [[Strait of Messina]]]]
[[File:Pista Azzurra Gambarie.jpg|thumb|[[Gambarie]], a ski resort above the [[Strait of Messina]]]]
The word ‘ski’ is a derivation of the [[Old Norse]] ‘{{Lang|non|skíð}}’ in the modern [[Norwegian language]]. Ski was adopted into the [[French language]] most likely because of the early popularity of such activities in the [[French Alps]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Douglas |title=ski (n.) |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ski |publisher=Etymology Online |access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref>

Ski areas have marked paths for skiing known as runs, trails or [[piste]]s. Ski areas typically have one or more [[chairlift]]s for moving skiers rapidly to the top of hills, and to interconnect the various trails. [[Rope tow]]s can also be used on short slopes (usually beginner hills or bunny slopes). Larger ski areas may use [[gondola lift]]s or [[aerial tramway]]s for transportation across longer distances within the ski area. Resorts post their [[trail map]] illustrating the location of lifts, trails, services and the ski area boundary, and during the [[ski season]] issue a daily snow conditions report listing open trails, operating lifts and weather status.
Ski areas have marked paths for skiing known as runs, trails or [[piste]]s. Ski areas typically have one or more [[chairlift]]s for moving skiers rapidly to the top of hills, and to interconnect the various trails. [[Rope tow]]s can also be used on short slopes (usually beginner hills or bunny slopes). Larger ski areas may use [[gondola lift]]s or [[aerial tramway]]s for transportation across longer distances within the ski area. Resorts post their [[trail map]] illustrating the location of lifts, trails, services and the ski area boundary, and during the [[ski season]] issue a daily snow conditions report listing open trails, operating lifts and weather status.


Ski areas usually have at least a basic [[first aid]] facility, and some kind of [[ski patrol]] service to ensure that injured skiers are rescued. The ski patrol is usually responsible for rule enforcement, marking [[hazard]]s, closing individual runs or areas as conditions require, and removing dangerous ski participants from the area.
Ski areas usually have at least a basic [[first aid]] facility, and some kind of [[ski patrol]] service to ensure that injured skiers are rescued. The ski patrol is usually responsible for rule enforcement, marking [[hazard]]s, closing individual runs or areas as conditions require, and removing (dismissing) dangerous participants from the area.


The typical ski area base includes a ticket office, [[ski lodge]], [[ski school]], equipment rental/repair shop, restaurant/bar, shopping, shuttle bus stop and parking.<ref>Berry, I. William (1984) ''The Great North American Ski Book'' Scribners ISBN 0684182076 page 72-73</ref>
The typical ski area base includes a ticket office, [[ski lodge]], [[ski school]], equipment rental/repair shop, restaurant/bar, shopping, shuttle bus stop and parking.<ref>{{cite book |last=Berry |first=I. William |year=1984 |title=The Great North American Ski Book |publisher=Scribners |isbn=0-684-18207-6 |pages=72–73}}</ref>
Some ski resorts offer [[lodging]] options on the slopes themselves, with ski-in and ski-out access allowing guests to ski right up to the door. Ski resorts often have other activities. [[Snowmobile]]s can be rented. [[Sledding]] slopes may be available free of charge. Tours with [[Sled|horse-drawn sleds]] or [[dog sled]]s can be booked. Indoor or outdoor [[ice skating]] facilities may be open for tourists. Spas provide hourly access to [[swimming pool]]s and [[hot tub]]s. Some resorts have licensed casinos with game rooms. Depending on the resort, a night life may be encouraged in clubs, cinemas, theaters, and [[cabarets]].
Some ski resorts offer [[lodging]] options on the slopes themselves, with ski-in and ski-out access allowing guests to ski right up to the door. Ski resorts often have other activities, such as [[Snowmobile|snowmobiling]], [[sledding]], [[Sled|horse-drawn sleds]], [[Dog sled|dog-sledding]], [[ice skating]], indoor or outdoor [[Swimming pool|swimming]] and [[hot tub]]bing, game rooms, and local forms of entertainment, such as clubs, cinema, theaters and [[cabarets]].

⚫
'''Après-ski''' (French for ''after skiing'') is a term for entertainment, [[nightlife]] or social events that occur specifically at ski resorts.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|entry=après-ski|entry-url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apr%C3%A8s-ski|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|access-date=26 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Flower |first=Raymond |year=1976 |title=The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports |publisher=Methuen |isbn=0-458-92780-5 |pages=132–141}}</ref> These add to the enjoyment of resort-goers and provide something to do besides [[skiing]] and [[snowboarding]]. The culture originated in the Alps, where it is most popular and where skiers often stop at bars on their last run of the day while still wearing all their ski gear.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lund|first=Morton|title=Tea Dance To Disco: Après-Ski Through the Ages|journal=Skiing Heritage Journal|date=March 2007|volume=19|issue=1|pages=6–12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1gEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6|access-date=26 November 2012}}</ref> Though the word "ski" is a derivation of the [[Old Norse]] {{Lang|non|skíð}} via [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], the choice of [[French language|French]] is likely attributed to the early popularity of such activities in the [[French Alps]], with which it was then linked.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harper|first1=Douglas|title=ski (n.)|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ski|website=Etymology Online|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref>

== Environmental effects ==
⚫
{{See also|Environmental impact of tourism|Vegetation and slope stability}}
⚫
As rising temperatures, receding glaciers and declining snowfall affect the environment, resort development and operations also have an [[environmental impact]] on land, lakes, streams, and wildlife.<ref name=":0">{{Cite report |last=Chivers |first=John |orig-year=1994 |date=December 2010 |title=Effects of the Skiing Industry on the Environment |url=http://www.laviniaes.com/files/8013/5980/3263/EffectsOfTheSkiingIndustryOnTheEnvironment.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822105954/http://www.laviniaes.com/files/8013/5980/3263/EffectsOfTheSkiingIndustryOnTheEnvironment.pdf |archive-date=22 Aug 2016}}</ref> Amenities and infrastructure such as concrete buildings, ski lifts, access roads, parking lots, and [[railways]] have contributed to the [[urbanization]] of mountainous zones.

=== Primary (direct) impact of resort development ===
In recent years, the use of [[snow cannons]] by many ski resorts has increased to compensate for reduced levels of snowfall.<ref>Gerretsen, Isabelle (2023) [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230124-how-climate-change-threatens-to-close-ski-resorts How climate change threatens to close ski resorts] BBC</ref> In order to sustain good quality snow coverage, snowmaking requires large amounts of water and sometimes the creation of [[artificial lake]]s. Snow cannons also introduce a noise element.


=== Secondary (indirect) impact of resort development ===
== Apres ski ==
The required infrastructure can affect [[erosion]] through the increased area of [[impervious surface]]s, redirecting the flow of [[Surface runoff|water runoff]].
⚫
Après-ski is French for ''after skiing'' and denotes entertainment, [[nightlife]], or social events that occur specifically at ski resorts.<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=Definition of après-ski|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apr%C3%A8s-ski|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|access-date=26 November 2012}}</ref><ref>Flower, Raymond (1976) ''The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports''; Toronto, New York: Methuen Inc. ISBN 0458927805 pp 132-141</ref> The culture originated in the Alps, where it is most popular and where skiers often stop at bars on their last run of the day while still wearing all their ski gear.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lund |first=Morton |title=Tea Dance To Disco. Après-Ski Through the Ages |journal=Skiing Heritage Journal |date=March 2007 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=6–12 }}</ref>


== Environmental impact ==
=== Mitigation efforts ===
Many resorts are taking steps to reduce their energy and water consumption and waste production, increase recycling, and restore habitats. Initiatives aimed at addressing environmental concerns include:
[[File:Schneekanone.JPG|thumb|left|Rear view of [[snow cannon]] at Mölltaler Gletscher in Austria, showing the powerful fan]]
*Snowsports Industries America (SIA) ClimateUnited
⚫
{{Main|Environmental impact of tourism}}
*NSAA Sustainable Slopes Initiative
⚫
The process of resort development has progressed since the birth of the skiing industry. As the economic role of the skiing industry grew, the [[environmental impact]] of resort development has also caused environmental burdens on the natural [[ecosystem]] including mountain water levels of lakes, streams, and wildlife.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chivers |first=John |date=1994 |title=Effects of the Skiing Industry on the Environment |url=http://www.laviniaes.com/files/8013/5980/3263/EffectsOfTheSkiingIndustryOnTheEnvironment.pdf |journal=School of International Studies and Law, Coventry University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822105954/http://www.laviniaes.com/files/8013/5980/3263/EffectsOfTheSkiingIndustryOnTheEnvironment.pdf |archive-date=22 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[National Forest Foundation]] Ski Conservation Fund
*[[Ceres (organization)|Ceres]] [[Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy]] (BICEP) Network
*FESI Winter Sports Sustainability Network (WSN)
*[[Protect Our Winters]] (POW)


==Gallery==
The required space for hotels, flats and secondary residences has increased the amount of space occupied by roads and buildings.<ref name=":0" /> While a large number of people requires special water, sewage and electricity systems, a great deal of construction work is needed. Access roads and the treatment of salt are responsible for high amounts of [[erosion]] at ski resorts. In some cases, natural lakes must be tapped or reservoirs built to cater for the population demand. The urbanization of mountainous areas have increased the space of [[impervious surface]], and prevents the natural flow of water into the ground, resulting in a disturbed [[water table]] and potential cause of erosion in undesired places. Lastly, when building [[ski lift]]s, its line of operation must be shaped and drained, and large concrete blocks must be set down for [[Tower#Transportation support|pylons]].<ref name=":0" />
<gallery widths="180" heights="180">
File:Pista nera.jpg|[[Roccaraso]], [[Italy]]
File:Levi gondoli.png|[[Levi, Finland|Levi]], [[Finland]]
File:Vista de Valle Nevado.jpg|{{Lang|es|[[Valle Nevado]]|italic=no}}, [[Chile]]
File:Male Ciche.jpg|[[Małe Ciche]], [[Poland]]
File:Furano ski.jpg|[[Furano Ski Resort]], Japan
File:Hermonsite1.jpg|[[Mount Hermon ski resort|Mount Hermon Ski Resort]], [[Israel]]
File:Rusutsu WestMt(200703).jpg|[[Rusutsu Resort]], [[Japan]]
File:Mount Blue Cow July 2011.jpg|[[Perisher Ski Resort]], [[Australia]]
File:Sierra Nevada Borreguiles 6.jpg|[[Sierra Nevada Ski Station]], [[Spain]]
File:Shahdag01.jpg|[[Shahdag Mountain Resort]], [[Azerbaijan]]
File:Telluride Ski Resort, Col. (8645173834).jpg|[[Telluride Ski Resort]], [[United States]]
File:Corbet's Couloir jackson hole.jpg|[[Jackson Hole Mountain Resort]], United States
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 18:12, 4 November 2024

"Ski station" redirects here. For the railway station at Ski in Norway, see Ski Station.
Ski resorts in the world by country

A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.

Ski resort

[edit]
Map of world ski resorts

Ski resorts are located on both Northern and Southern Hemispheres on all continents except Antarctica. They typically are located on mountains, as they require a large slope. They also need to receive sufficient snow (at least in combination with artificial snowmaking, unless the resort uses dry ski slopes).

High concentrations of ski resorts are located in the Alps, Scandinavia, western and eastern North America, and Japan. There are also ski resorts in the Andes, scattered across central Asia, and in Australia and New Zealand.

Extreme locations of non-indoor (at least one ski lift outside) ski resorts include:

Types

[edit]
Mzaar Kfardebian Ski Resort in Lebanon

The ski industry has identified advancing generations of ski resorts:[1][2]

First generation
Developed around a well-established summer resort or village (e.g. Davos, St. Moritz, Kitzbühel, Chamonix, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Megève, Val Gardena).
Second generation
Created from a non-tourist village or pasture (e.g. St Anton am Arlberg, Lech, Courchevel, L'Alpe d'Huez, Aspen/Snowmass, Breckenridge Ski Resort).
Third generation or integrated
Designed from scratch on virgin territory to be a purpose-built ski resort, all the amenities and services nearby (e.g. Sestriere, Flaine, La Plagne, Isola 2000).
Fourth generation or village resorts
Created from a virgin territory or around an existing village, but more concerned with traditional uses (e.g. Valmeinier, Valmorel, Shahdag Mountain Resort).

The term ski station is also used, particularly in Europe, for a skiing facility which is not located in or near a town or village. A ski resort which is also open for summer activities is often referred to as a mountain resort.

Facilities and amenities

[edit]
This image of Zauchensee, Austria, shows the pistes, served by a gondola lift, detachable chairlift and a funicular. There is a snow fence to prevent snowdrift; and avalanche towers and avalanche barriers to mitigate the risk of avalanches
Jasná ski resort in Slovakia
Cerro Catedral Ski Resort, Argentina
Ski resorts can also be situated on a volcano like this one on Etna in Sicily
Gambarie, a ski resort above the Strait of Messina

Ski areas have marked paths for skiing known as runs, trails or pistes. Ski areas typically have one or more chairlifts for moving skiers rapidly to the top of hills, and to interconnect the various trails. Rope tows can also be used on short slopes (usually beginner hills or bunny slopes). Larger ski areas may use gondola lifts or aerial tramways for transportation across longer distances within the ski area. Resorts post their trail map illustrating the location of lifts, trails, services and the ski area boundary, and during the ski season issue a daily snow conditions report listing open trails, operating lifts and weather status.

Ski areas usually have at least a basic first aid facility, and some kind of ski patrol service to ensure that injured skiers are rescued. The ski patrol is usually responsible for rule enforcement, marking hazards, closing individual runs or areas as conditions require, and removing (dismissing) dangerous participants from the area.

The typical ski area base includes a ticket office, ski lodge, ski school, equipment rental/repair shop, restaurant/bar, shopping, shuttle bus stop and parking.[3]

Some ski resorts offer lodging options on the slopes themselves, with ski-in and ski-out access allowing guests to ski right up to the door. Ski resorts often have other activities, such as snowmobiling, sledding, horse-drawn sleds, dog-sledding, ice skating, indoor or outdoor swimming and hot tubbing, game rooms, and local forms of entertainment, such as clubs, cinema, theaters and cabarets.

Après-ski (French for after skiing) is a term for entertainment, nightlife or social events that occur specifically at ski resorts.[4][5] These add to the enjoyment of resort-goers and provide something to do besides skiing and snowboarding. The culture originated in the Alps, where it is most popular and where skiers often stop at bars on their last run of the day while still wearing all their ski gear.[6] Though the word "ski" is a derivation of the Old Norse skíð via Norwegian, the choice of French is likely attributed to the early popularity of such activities in the French Alps, with which it was then linked.[7]

Environmental effects

[edit]
See also: Environmental impact of tourism and Vegetation and slope stability

As rising temperatures, receding glaciers and declining snowfall affect the environment, resort development and operations also have an environmental impact on land, lakes, streams, and wildlife.[8] Amenities and infrastructure such as concrete buildings, ski lifts, access roads, parking lots, and railways have contributed to the urbanization of mountainous zones.

Primary (direct) impact of resort development

[edit]

In recent years, the use of snow cannons by many ski resorts has increased to compensate for reduced levels of snowfall.[9] In order to sustain good quality snow coverage, snowmaking requires large amounts of water and sometimes the creation of artificial lakes. Snow cannons also introduce a noise element.

Secondary (indirect) impact of resort development

[edit]

The required infrastructure can affect erosion through the increased area of impervious surfaces, redirecting the flow of water runoff.

Mitigation efforts

[edit]

Many resorts are taking steps to reduce their energy and water consumption and waste production, increase recycling, and restore habitats. Initiatives aimed at addressing environmental concerns include:

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ski resorts.
  1. ^ Heller, Mark F., ed. (1979). The Skier's Encyclopedia. Paddington Press. pp. 15–18, 140–145, 157–159. ISBN 9780448224282.
  2. ^ Knaffou, R. (1978). Les Stations intégrées de sports d'hiver dans les Alpes françaises (in French). Paris: Masson. ISBN 9782225494123.
  3. ^ Berry, I. William (1984). The Great North American Ski Book. Scribners. pp. 72–73. ISBN 0-684-18207-6.
  4. ^ "après-ski". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  5. ^ Flower, Raymond (1976). The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports. Methuen. pp. 132–141. ISBN 0-458-92780-5.
  6. ^ Lund, Morton (March 2007). "Tea Dance To Disco: Après-Ski Through the Ages". Skiing Heritage Journal. 19 (1): 6–12. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  7. ^ Harper, Douglas. "ski (n.)". Etymology Online. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  8. ^ Chivers, John (December 2010) [1994]. Effects of the Skiing Industry on the Environment (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 Aug 2016.
  9. ^ Gerretsen, Isabelle (2023) How climate change threatens to close ski resorts BBC
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