1884–85 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} |
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{{For|related races|1884 United States elections}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}} |
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{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
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| election_name |
| election_name = 1884–1885 United States Senate elections |
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| country |
| country = United States |
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| flag_year |
| flag_year = 1877 |
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| type |
| type = legislative |
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| ongoing |
| ongoing = no |
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| previous_election |
| previous_election = 1882–83 United States Senate elections |
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| previous_year |
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1882 & 1883}} |
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| next_election |
| next_election = 1886–87 United States Senate elections |
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| next_year |
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1886 & 1887}} |
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| seats_for_election = 27 of the 76 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (as well as special elections) |
| seats_for_election = 27 of the 76 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (as well as special elections) |
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| majority_seats |
| majority_seats = 39 |
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| election_date |
| election_date = Dates vary by state |
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| 1blank |
| 1blank = Seats up |
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| image_size |
| image_size = x180px |
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| party1 = Republican Party (US) |
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| |
| leader1 = [[John Sherman]]{{efn | as [[Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference|Republican Conference Chair]]}} |
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| image1 = John-Sherman-2.jpg |
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| leader1 = [[John Sherman]]{{efn | as [[Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference|Republican Conference Chair]]}} |
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| leader_since1 = March 4, 1883 |
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| image1 = John-Sherman-2.jpg |
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| leaders_seat1 = [[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]] |
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| seats_before1 = '''38''' |
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| seats_before1 = '''38''' |
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| seats1 = 10 |
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| seats1 = 10 |
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| seats_after1 = '''37''' |
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| seats_after1 = '''37''' |
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| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 1 |
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| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 1 |
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| 1data1 = 11 |
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| 1data1 = 11 |
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| party2 |
| party2 = Democratic Party (US) |
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| leader2 |
| leader2 = [[George H. Pendleton]]{{efn | as [[Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate|Democratic Caucus Chair]]}}<br/>(Lost re-election) |
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| image2 |
| image2 = GeorgeHPendleton.png |
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| leader_since2 = March 4, 1881 |
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| seats_before2 = 36 |
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| leaders_seat2 = [[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]] |
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| seats2 = '''12''' |
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| seats_before2 = 36 |
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| seats_after2 = 34 |
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| seats2 = '''12''' |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 2 |
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| seats_after2 = 34 |
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| 1data2 = '''14''' |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 2 |
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| 1data2 = '''14''' |
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| party4 = Readjuster Party |
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| party3 = Readjuster Party |
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| seats_before4 = 2 |
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| leader3 = [[William Mahone]]{{efn | as the leader of [[Readjuster Party]]}} |
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| seats4 = 0 |
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| image3 = Mahone,_Hon._Senator_of_Virginia,_Brig._Gen._in_Civil_War_Crop.jpg |
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| seats_after4 = 2 |
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| leader_since3 = March 4, 1881 |
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| seat_change4 = {{steady}} |
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| leaders_seat3 = [[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]] |
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| 1data4 = 0 |
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| seats_before3 = 2 |
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| seats3 = 0 |
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| title = Majority Party |
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| |
| seats_after3 = 2 |
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| seat_change3 = {{steady}} |
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| before_party = [[Republican Party (US)|Republican]]<ref name=caucus>The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.</ref> |
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| 1data3 = 0 |
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| after_election = |
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| title = Majority Party |
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| after_party = [[Republican Party (US)|Republican]]<ref name=caucus/> |
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| before_election = |
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| before_party = [[Republican Party (US)|Republican]]<ref name=caucus>The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.</ref> |
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| after_election = |
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| after_party = [[Republican Party (US)|Republican]]<ref name=caucus/> |
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| map_image = [[File:1884senatemap.svg|390px]] |
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| map_caption = '''Results of the elections:'''<br />{{legend0|#CA0120|Republican gain}} {{legend0|#F48882|Republican hold}}<br />{{legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}} {{legend0|#000000|Legislature failed to elect}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''United States Senate elections |
The '''1884–85 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the [[1884 United States presidential election|presidential election of 1884]]. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1884 and 1885, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 3]]. |
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With three state legislatures failing to elect their senators in time, both [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] lost seats. Republicans, nevertheless, retained majority control and the [[Readjuster Party|Readjuster]]s joined their caucus. By the beginning of the first session, in December 1885, Republicans had won all three vacant seats, increasing their majority. |
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As these elections were prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], Senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. |
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== Results summary == |
== Results summary == |
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Senate |
Senate party division, [[49th United States Congress|49th Congress]] (1885–1887) |
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* Majority |
* Majority party: Republican (42) |
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* Minority |
* Minority party: Democratic (34) |
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* Other |
* Other parties: (0) |
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* '''Total |
* '''Total seats: 76''' |
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== Change in Senate composition == |
== Change in Senate composition == |
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| Line 110: | Line 116: | ||
! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>35</sub><br/><small>Retired</small> |
! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>35</sub><br/><small>Retired</small> |
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! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>36</sub><br/><small>Retired</small> |
! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D<sub>36</sub><br/><small>Retired</small> |
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| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>1</sub> |
| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>1</sub></span> |
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| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>2</sub> |
| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>2</sub></span> |
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|- |
|- |
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| Line 214: | Line 220: | ||
! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V<sub>2</sub><br/><small>R Loss</small> |
! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V<sub>2</sub><br/><small>R Loss</small> |
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! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V<sub>3</sub><br/><small>R Loss</small> |
! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V<sub>3</sub><br/><small>R Loss</small> |
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| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>1</sub> |
| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>1</sub></span> |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan=9 align=right | '''Majority due to three vacancies ↓''' |
| colspan=9 align=right | '''Majority due to three vacancies ↓''' |
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| rowspan=2 {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>2</sub> |
| rowspan=2 {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>2</sub></span> |
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|- |
|- |
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| Line 314: | Line 320: | ||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>33</sub> |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>33</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>34</sub> |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D<sub>34</sub> |
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| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>1</sub> |
| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>1</sub></span> |
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| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>2</sub> |
| {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>2</sub></span> |
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! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R<sub>40</sub><br/><small>Gain</small> |
! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R<sub>40</sub><br/><small>Gain</small> |
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! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Republican active}} | R<sub>39</sub><br/><small>Gain</small> |
! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Republican active}} | R<sub>39</sub><br/><small>Gain</small> |
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| Line 380: | Line 386: | ||
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Readjuster}} | RA<sub>#</sub> |
| align=center width=35px {{party shading/Readjuster}} | <span style="color:white;">RA<sub>#</sub></span> |
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| [[Readjuster Party|Readjuster]] |
| [[Readjuster Party|Readjuster]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Line 410: | Line 416: | ||
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|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]<br/>(Class 2) |
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| [[William Paine Sheffield |
| [[William Paine Sheffield Sr.|William P. Sheffield]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| nowrap | 1884 ( |
| nowrap | 1884 {{small|(appointed)}} |
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| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate special election in Rhode Island, 1885|elected]] January 20, 1885.<br/>Republican hold. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Jonathan Chace]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|} |
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| Line 439: | Line 445: | ||
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! [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]] |
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| [[James L. Pugh]] |
| [[James L. Pugh]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1880|1880 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1880|1880 {{small|(special)}}]] |
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| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Alabama, 1884|re-elected]] in August 1884. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Alabama, 1884|re-elected]] in August 1884. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[James L. Pugh]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]] |
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| [[James D. Walker]] |
| [[James D. Walker]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1878|1878]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1878|1878]] |
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| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1885|elected]] in 1885.<br/>Democratic hold. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[James K. Jones]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from California|California]] |
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| [[James T. Farley]] |
| [[James T. Farley]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in California, 1878|1878]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in California, 1878|1878]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in California, 1885|elected]] in 1885.<br/>'''Republican gain.''' |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Leland Stanford]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Colorado|Colorado]] |
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| [[Nathaniel P. Hill]] |
| [[Nathaniel P. Hill]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Colorado, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Colorado, 1879|1879]] |
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| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in Colorado, 1885|elected]] in 1885.<br/>Republican hold. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Henry M. Teller]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]] |
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| [[Orville H. Platt]] |
| [[Orville H. Platt]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 1879|1879]] |
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| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Orville H. Platt]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]] |
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| [[Wilkinson Call]] |
| [[Wilkinson Call]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Florida, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Florida, 1879|1879]] |
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| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Florida, 1885|re-elected]] January 20, 1885.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nyti.ms/2edLaRI | title= SELECTING NEW SENATORS. | |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Florida, 1885|re-elected]] January 20, 1885.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nyti.ms/2edLaRI | title= SELECTING NEW SENATORS. | work=[[The New York Times]] | date =January 20, 1885 | page=1 }}</ref> |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Wilkinson Call]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]] |
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| [[Joseph E. Brown]] |
| [[Joseph E. Brown]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Georgia, 1880|1880 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Georgia, 1880|1880 {{small|(special)}}]] |
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| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Georgia, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Georgia, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Joseph E. Brown]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]] |
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| [[John A. Logan]] |
| [[John A. Logan]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Illinois, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Illinois, 1879|1879]] |
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| {{Party shading/Loss}} | |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>Republican loss.<br/>Incumbent was later elected to continue the vacant term; see below. |
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| nowrap | None. |
| nowrap | None. |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]] |
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| [[Daniel W. Voorhees]] |
| [[Daniel W. Voorhees]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| nowrap | 1877 ( |
| nowrap | 1877 {{small|(appointed)}}<br/>[[United States Senate special election in Indiana, 1879|1879 {{small|(special)}}]] |
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| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
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| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Daniel W. Voorhees]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]] |
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| [[William B. Allison]] |
| [[William B. Allison]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Iowa, 1872|1872]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Iowa, 1878|1878]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Iowa, 1872|1872]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Iowa, 1878|1878]] |
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| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Iowa, 1884|re-elected]] January 23, 1884.{{sfn|Clark|1913|p=209}} |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Iowa, 1884|re-elected]] January 23, 1884.{{sfn|Clark|1913|p=209}} |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
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| nowrap | '''√ [[William B. Allison]]''' (Republican) 90 votes<br/>[[Benton J. Hall]] 48 votes<br/>[[D. M. Clark]] 10 votes<br/>[[L. G. Kinne]] 1 vote{{sfn|Clark|1913|p=209}} |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[William B. Allison]]''' (Republican) 90 |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Benton J. Hall]] (Democratic) 48 |
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* {{Party stripe|Greenback Party}}[[David M. Clark (politician)|David M. Clark]] (Greenback) 10 |
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* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[La Vega G. Kinne]] (Unknown) 1{{sfn|Clark|1913|p=209}} |
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}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]] |
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| [[John |
| [[John J. Ingalls]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Kansas, 1873|1873]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Kansas, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Kansas, 1873|1873]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Kansas, 1879|1879]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Kansas, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Kansas, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[John J. Ingalls]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]] |
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| [[John Stuart Williams]] |
| [[John Stuart Williams]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Kentucky, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Kentucky, 1879|1879]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in Kentucky, 1884|elected]] in 1884.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[J. C. S. Blackburn]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]] |
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| [[Benjamin F. Jonas]] |
| [[Benjamin F. Jonas]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Louisiana, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Louisiana, 1879|1879]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator elected in 1884 or 1885.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[James B. Eustis]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]] |
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| [[James Black Groome]] |
| [[James Black Groome]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | 1878–79 |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in Maryland, 1884|elected]] in 1884.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Ephraim K. Wilson II]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]] |
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| [[George G. Vest]] |
| [[George G. Vest]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1879|1879]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[George G. Vest]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]] |
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| [[John P. Jones]] |
| [[John Percival Jones|John P. Jones]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Nevada, 1873|1873]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Nevada, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Nevada, 1873|1873]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Nevada, 1879|1879]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Nevada, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Nevada, 1885|re-elected]] in 1885. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[John Percival Jones|John P. Jones]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |
|||
| [[Henry W. Blair]] |
| [[Henry W. Blair]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1879|1879]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Legislature failed to elect.<br/>Republican loss.<br/>Incumbent was later appointed, then elected, to continue the vacant term; see below. |
||
| nowrap | {{ |
| nowrap | {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from New York|New York]] |
|||
| [[Elbridge G. Lapham]] |
| [[Elbridge G. Lapham]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New York, 1881|1881 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New York, 1881|1881 {{small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/> |
| {{party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in New York, 1885|elected]] January 20, 1885.<br/>Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William M. Evarts]]''' (Republican) 92 votes<br/>[[Edward Cooper (mayor)|Edward Cooper]] (Democratic) 65 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[William M. Evarts]]''' (Republican) 92 |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Edward Cooper (mayor)|Edward Cooper]] (Democratic) 65 |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]] |
|||
| [[ |
| [[Zebulon Vance]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in North Carolina, 1879|1879]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in North Carolina, 1879|1879]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in North Carolina, 1884|re-elected]] in 1884.<br/> |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in North Carolina, 1884|re-elected]] in 1884.<br/> |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Zebulon Vance]]''' (Democratic) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]] |
|||
| [[George H. Pendleton]] |
| [[George H. Pendleton]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | 1878–79 |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in Ohio, 1884|elected]] January 15, 1884.{{sfn|Burke|1938|p=28}}<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Henry B. Payne]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]] |
|||
| [[James H. Slater]] |
| [[James H. Slater]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | 1878–79 |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>Democratic loss. |
||
| nowrap | {{ |
| nowrap | {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |
|||
| [[J. Donald Cameron]] |
| [[J. Donald Cameron]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1877|1877 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1877|1877 {{small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1879|1879]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1885|re-elected]] January 20, 1885. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1885|re-elected]] January 20, 1885. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[J. Donald Cameron]]''' (Republican) 64.94%<br/>[[William A. Wallace]] (Democratic) 27.49%<br/>Others, [[#Pennsylvania|see below]] |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[J. Donald Cameron]]''' (Republican) 64.94% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[William A. Wallace]] (Democratic) 27.49% |
|||
* Others; [[#Pennsylvania|see below]] |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]] |
|||
| [[Wade Hampton III]] |
| [[Wade Hampton III]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1878|1878]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1878|1878]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1884|re-elected]] in 1884. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1884|re-elected]] in 1884. |
||
| ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Wade Hampton III]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]] |
|||
| [[Justin S. Morrill]] |
| [[Justin S. Morrill]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1866|1866]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1872|1872]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1878|1878]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1866|1866]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1872|1872]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1878|1878]] |
||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1884|re-elected]] in 1884. |
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Vermont, 1884|re-elected]] in 1884. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Justin S. Morrill]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] |
|||
| [[Angus Cameron (American politician)|Angus Cameron]] |
| [[Angus Cameron (American politician)|Angus Cameron]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Wisconsin, 1881|1881]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Wisconsin, 1881|1881]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 1885|elected]] January 27, 1885.<br/>Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[John Coit Spooner|John C. Spooner]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
| Line 657: | Line 675: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]<br/>(Class 1) |
|||
| [[Thomas F. Bayard]] |
| [[Thomas F. Bayard]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1869|1869]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1875|1875]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1881|1881]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1869|1869]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1875|1875]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Delaware, 1881|1881]] |
||
| {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885 to become [[U.S. Secretary of State]].<br/> |
| {{party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885, to become [[U.S. Secretary of State]].<br/>New senator [[United States Senate special election in Delaware, 1885|elected]] March 18, 1885.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[George Gray (Delaware politician)|George Gray]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| [[Augustus Garland]] |
| [[Augustus Garland]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1876|1876]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1883|1883]] |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1876|1876]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Arkansas, 1883|1883]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885 to become [[U.S. Attorney General]].<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885, to become [[U.S. Attorney General]].<br/>New senator [[United States Senate special election in Arkansas, 1885|elected]] March 20, 1885.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[James H. Berry]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| colspan=3 | Vacant |
| colspan=3 | ''Vacant'' |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate special election in Illinois, 1885|elected]] May 19, 1885.<br/>'''Republican gain.''' |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[John A. Logan]]''' (Republican) 50.49%<br/>[[Lambert Tree]] (Democratic) 47.06%<br/>[[John C. Black]] (Democratic) 0.98%<br/>[[John R. Hoxie]] (Democratic) 0.49%<br/>[[William Ralls Morrison]] (Democratic) 0.49%<br/>[[Charles J. Schofield]] (Democratic) 0.49% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[John A. Logan]]''' (Republican) 50.49% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Lambert Tree]] (Democratic) 47.06% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John C. Black]] (Democratic) 0.98% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John R. Hoxie]] (Democratic) 0.49% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[William Ralls Morrison]] (Democratic) 0.49% |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Charles J. Schofield]] (Democratic) 0.49% |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| [[Henry W. Blair]] |
| [[Henry W. Blair]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1879|1879]]<br/>1885 ( |
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1879|1879]]<br/>1885 {{small|(appointed)}} |
||
| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1885|elected]] |
| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1885|elected]] June 17, 1885. |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Henry W. Blair]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| colspan=3 | Vacant |
| colspan=3 | ''Vacant'' |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/> |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate special election in Oregon, 1885|elected]] November 18, 1885.<br/>'''Republican gain.''' |
||
| nowrap | ''' |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[John H. Mitchell]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== Complete list of races == |
== Complete list of races == |
||
=== Maryland === |
|||
<!-- {{Main|1884 United States Senate election in Maryland}} --> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1884 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''-''' |
|||
| colour1 = B0CEFF |
|||
| percentage1 = '''-%''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| candidate1 = '''[[Ephraim King Wilson II]]''' |
|||
| image1 = WILSON, Ephraim King, (1821 - 1891).jpg |
|||
| popular_vote2 = |
|||
| colour2 = |
|||
| percentage2 = % |
|||
| party2 = |
|||
| candidate2 = |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| next_year = 1890 |
|||
| next_election = 1890 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1878 |
|||
| previous_election = 1878 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] |
|||
| vote_type = Legislative |
|||
| election_date = January 1884 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
}} |
|||
[[Ephraim King Wilson II]] was elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122954|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1884|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
=== New York === |
=== New York === |
||
| Line 702: | Line 757: | ||
Republican [[Elbridge G. Lapham]] had been elected to this seat in a [[United States Senate special election in New York, 1881|special election in 1881]] to succeed [[Roscoe Conkling]] who had resigned. Lapham's term would expire on March 3, 1885. |
Republican [[Elbridge G. Lapham]] had been elected to this seat in a [[United States Senate special election in New York, 1881|special election in 1881]] to succeed [[Roscoe Conkling]] who had resigned. Lapham's term would expire on March 3, 1885. |
||
At the [[New York state election, 1883|State election in November 1883]], 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term ( |
At the [[New York state election, 1883|State election in November 1883]], 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1884–1885) in the State Senate. At the [[New York state election, 1884|State election in November 1884]], 73 Republicans and 55 Democrats were elected for the session of 1885 to the Assembly. The [[108th New York State Legislature]] met from January 6 to May 22, 1885, at [[Albany, New York]]. |
||
The caucus of [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] State legislators met on January 19, President pro tempore of the State Senate [[Dennis McCarthy (congressman)|Dennis McCarthy]] presided. 19 State senators and 73 assemblymen attended. The Evarts faction required the nomination to be made by [[Voice vote|viva voce vote]], which was opposed by the Morton faction, but was carried by a vote of 64 to 28. The caucus nominated Ex-U.S. Secretary of State [[William M. Evarts]] on the first ballot. |
The caucus of [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] State legislators met on January 19, President pro tempore of the State Senate [[Dennis McCarthy (congressman)|Dennis McCarthy]] presided. 19 State senators and 73 assemblymen attended. The Evarts faction required the nomination to be made by [[Voice vote|viva voce vote]], which was opposed by the Morton faction, but was carried by a vote of 64 to 28. The caucus nominated Ex-U.S. Secretary of State [[William M. Evarts]] on the first ballot. |
||
| Line 799: | Line 854: | ||
{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |
||
|party = Republican Party (United States) |
|party = Republican Party (United States) |
||
|candidate = [[George Shiras |
|candidate = [[George Shiras Jr.]] |
||
|votes = 1 |
|votes = 1 |
||
|percentage = 0.40 |
|percentage = 0.40 |
||
| Line 817: | Line 872: | ||
| align="right" | '''100.00%''' |
| align="right" | '''100.00%''' |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{notelist}} |
|||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
* [[United States elections |
* [[1884 United States elections]] |
||
** [[1884 United States presidential election]] |
** [[1884 United States presidential election]] |
||
** [[United States House of Representatives elections |
** [[1884 United States House of Representatives elections]] |
||
* [[48th United States Congress]] |
* [[48th United States Congress]] |
||
* [[49th United States Congress]] |
* [[49th United States Congress]] |
||
== |
==Notes== |
||
{{notelist}} |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
| Line 846: | Line 901: | ||
| url-status = dead |
| url-status = dead |
||
}} |
}} |
||
* {{cite |
* {{cite book | title= The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 | edition=volume 4 Bicentennial | first= Robert C. | last= Byrd | author-link1=Robert Byrd | editor1-first = Wendy | editor1-last =Wolff | department = [[United States Senate Historical Office]] | location =Washington, DC | publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] | date=October 1, 1993 | isbn=9780160632563 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C }} |
||
* {{cite web |
* {{cite web |
||
| last = Clark | first = Dan Elbert |
| last = Clark | first = Dan Elbert |
||
| Line 877: | Line 932: | ||
| year = 1934 |
| year = 1934 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
* {{cite web | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/20/106295539.pdf | title=MR. EVARTS TO BE SENATOR | |
* {{cite web | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/20/106295539.pdf | title=MR. EVARTS TO BE SENATOR | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 20, 1885}} |
||
* {{cite web | url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/22/106295767.pdf | title= EVARTS ELECTED SENATOR | |
* {{cite web | url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/01/22/106295767.pdf | title= EVARTS ELECTED SENATOR | work=[[The New York Times]] | date= January 22, 1885}} |
||
{{United States Senate elections}} |
{{United States Senate elections}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:1884-85 United States Senate elections}} |
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[[Category:1884 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1884 United States Senate elections| ]] |
||
[[Category:1885 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1885 United States Senate elections| ]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:31, 3 November 2024
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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27 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 39 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results of the elections: Republican gain Republican hold Democratic hold Legislature failed to elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 1884–85 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the presidential election of 1884. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1884 and 1885, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[2] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
With three state legislatures failing to elect their senators in time, both Republicans and Democrats lost seats. Republicans, nevertheless, retained majority control and the Readjusters joined their caucus. By the beginning of the first session, in December 1885, Republicans had won all three vacant seats, increasing their majority.
Results summary
[edit]Senate party division, 49th Congress (1885–1887)
- Majority party: Republican (42)
- Minority party: Democratic (34)
- Other parties: (0)
- Total seats: 76
Change in Senate composition
[edit]Before the elections
[edit]| D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
| D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
| D28 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D26 Ran |
D25 Ran |
D24 Ran |
D23 Ran |
D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D29 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D32 Ran |
D33 Unknown |
D34 Retired |
D35 Retired |
D36 Retired |
RA1 | RA2 |
| Majority, with Readjusters in caucus → | R38 Retired | ||||||||
| R29 Ran |
R30 Ran |
R31 Ran |
R32 Ran |
R33 Ran |
R34 Ran |
R35 Unknown |
R36 Unknown |
R37 Retired | |
| R28 Ran |
R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
| R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
| R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | ||
After the elections
[edit]| D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
| D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
| D28 Re-elected |
D27 Re-elected |
D26 Re-elected |
D25 Re-elected |
D24 Re-elected |
D23 Re-elected |
D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D29 Re-elected |
D30 Hold |
D31 Hold |
D32 Hold |
D33 Hold |
D34 Hold |
V1 D Loss |
V2 R Loss |
V3 R Loss |
RA1 |
| Majority due to three vacancies ↓ | RA2 | ||||||||
| R29 Re-elected |
R30 Re-elected |
R31 Re-elected |
R32 Re-elected |
R33 Re-elected |
R34 Hold |
R35 Hold |
R36 Hold |
R37 Gain | |
| R28 Re-elected |
R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
| R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
| R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | ||
Beginning of the first session, December 7, 1885
[edit]| D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
| D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
| D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 | D24 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
| D29 | D30 | D31 | D32 | D33 | D34 | RA1 | RA2 | R40 Gain |
R39 Gain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | |||||||||
| R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | R36 | R37 | R38 Gain |
| R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
| R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
| R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | ||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
[edit]Special elections during the 48th Congress
[edit]In this election, the winner was seated in 1885 before March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Rhode Island (Class 2) |
William P. Sheffield | Republican | 1884 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected. New senator elected January 20, 1885. Republican hold. |
▌ Jonathan Chace (Republican)[data missing] |
Races leading to the 49th Congress
[edit]In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1885; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | James L. Pugh | Democratic | 1880 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in August 1884. | ▌ James L. Pugh (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Arkansas | James D. Walker | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1885. Democratic hold. |
▌ James K. Jones (Democratic) [data missing] |
| California | James T. Farley | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1885. Republican gain. |
▌ Leland Stanford (Republican) [data missing] |
| Colorado | Nathaniel P. Hill | Republican | 1879 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected in 1885. Republican hold. |
▌ Henry M. Teller (Republican) [data missing] |
| Connecticut | Orville H. Platt | Republican | 1879 | Incumbent re-elected in 1885. | ▌ Orville H. Platt (Republican) [data missing] |
| Florida | Wilkinson Call | Democratic | 1879 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1885.[3] | ▌ Wilkinson Call (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Georgia | Joseph E. Brown | Democratic | 1880 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1885. | ▌ Joseph E. Brown (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Illinois | John A. Logan | Republican | 1879 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Incumbent was later elected to continue the vacant term; see below. |
None. |
| Indiana | Daniel W. Voorhees | Democratic | 1877 (appointed) 1879 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1885. | ▌ Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Iowa | William B. Allison | Republican | 1872 1878 |
Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1884.[4] |
|
| Kansas | John J. Ingalls | Republican | 1873 1879 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1885. | ▌ John J. Ingalls (Republican) [data missing] |
| Kentucky | John Stuart Williams | Democratic | 1879 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1884. Democratic hold. |
▌ J. C. S. Blackburn (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Louisiana | Benjamin F. Jonas | Democratic | 1879 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1884 or 1885. Democratic hold. |
▌ James B. Eustis (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Maryland | James Black Groome | Democratic | 1878–79 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1884. Democratic hold. |
▌ Ephraim K. Wilson II (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Missouri | George G. Vest | Democratic | 1879 | Incumbent re-elected in 1885. | ▌ George G. Vest (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Nevada | John P. Jones | Republican | 1873 1879 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1885. | ▌ John P. Jones (Republican) [data missing] |
| New Hampshire | Henry W. Blair | Republican | 1879 | Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Incumbent was later appointed, then elected, to continue the vacant term; see below. |
[data missing] |
| New York | Elbridge G. Lapham | Republican | 1881 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 20, 1885. Republican hold. |
|
| North Carolina | Zebulon Vance | Democratic | 1879 | Incumbent re-elected in 1884. |
▌ Zebulon Vance (Democratic)
|
| Ohio | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1878–79 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 15, 1884.[5] Democratic hold. |
▌ Henry B. Payne (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Oregon | James H. Slater | Democratic | 1878–79 | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. |
[data missing] |
| Pennsylvania | J. Donald Cameron | Republican | 1877 (special) 1879 |
Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1885. |
|
| South Carolina | Wade Hampton III | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected in 1884. | ▌ Wade Hampton III (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Vermont | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1866 1872 1878 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1884. | ▌ Justin S. Morrill (Republican) [data missing] |
| Wisconsin | Angus Cameron | Republican | 1881 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 27, 1885. Republican hold. |
▌ John C. Spooner (Republican) [data missing] |
Elections during the 49th Congress
[edit]In these elections, the winners were elected in 1885 after March 4, sorted by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) |
Thomas F. Bayard | Democratic | 1869 1875 1881 |
Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885, to become U.S. Secretary of State. New senator elected March 18, 1885. Democratic hold. |
▌ George Gray (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Arkansas (Class 2) |
Augustus Garland | Democratic | 1876 1883 |
Incumbent resigned March 6, 1885, to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected March 20, 1885. Democratic hold. |
▌ James H. Berry (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Illinois (Class 3) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected May 19, 1885. Republican gain. |
| ||
| New Hampshire (Class 3) |
Henry W. Blair | Republican | 1879 1885 (appointed) |
Interim appointee elected June 17, 1885. | ▌ Henry W. Blair (Republican) [data missing] |
| Oregon (Class 3) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected November 18, 1885. Republican gain. |
▌ John H. Mitchell (Republican) [data missing] | ||
Complete list of races
[edit]Maryland
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Ephraim King Wilson II was elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[6]
New York
[edit]The New York election was held January 20, 1885, by the New York State Legislature.
Republican Elbridge G. Lapham had been elected to this seat in a special election in 1881 to succeed Roscoe Conkling who had resigned. Lapham's term would expire on March 3, 1885.
At the State election in November 1883, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1884–1885) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1884, 73 Republicans and 55 Democrats were elected for the session of 1885 to the Assembly. The 108th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to May 22, 1885, at Albany, New York.
The caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 19, President pro tempore of the State Senate Dennis McCarthy presided. 19 State senators and 73 assemblymen attended. The Evarts faction required the nomination to be made by viva voce vote, which was opposed by the Morton faction, but was carried by a vote of 64 to 28. The caucus nominated Ex-U.S. Secretary of State William M. Evarts on the first ballot.
| Candidate | First ballot |
|---|---|
| William M. Evarts | 61 |
| Levi P. Morton | 28 |
| Chauncey M. Depew | 3 |
The Democratic caucus nominated Ex-Mayor of New York Edward Cooper.
William M. Evarts was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.
| House | Republican | Democratic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (32 members) |
William M. Evarts | 19 | Edward Cooper | 13 |
| State Assembly (128 members) |
William M. Evarts | 73 | Edward Cooper | 52 |
Note: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
Ohio
[edit]In 1884, the Democrats held a majority in the Ohio legislature. In a caucus meeting to determine the party's choice for United States Senator, many Democratic legislators looked to replace the incumbent Senator, Democrat George H. Pendleton, because they disagreed with his advocacy of civil service reform and low tariffs.[7] Some of Pendleton's opponents, led by Oliver Payne, promoted Henry B. Payne for the Senate seat, recalling his opposition to both of those positions during his time in the House.[8] After a secret ballot by the Democratic caucus, Henry B. Payne received 46 out of 80 votes.[9] Because Oliver was a trustee and treasurer of the Standard Oil company, many of the Pendleton supporters immediately alleged that $100,000 from the oil trust had been used to bribe Democratic legislators, and claimed that an open ballot would not have favored Payne.[10][11]
When the full legislature met, Henry B. Payne was elected with 78 votes out of 120.[9] The Democratic legislature initially refused to investigate their members' alleged corruption, but when Republicans regained the majority in the next session, the legislature looked into the allegations and forwarded the results to the federal Senate.[12] The evidence gathered was voluminous, but the Senate declined to expel Payne, who proclaimed his innocence.[11] While there was never enough evidence for definitive proof of bribery, biographer Dewayne Burke wrote that the "circumstantial evidence seems to convict Payne" of the charge.[13]
Pennsylvania
[edit]The Pennsylvania election was held January 20, 1885. The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened January 20, 1885. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term.[14] The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | J. Donald Cameron (Inc.) | 163 | 64.94 | |
| Democratic | William A. Wallace | 69 | 27.49 | |
| Republican | A. W. Acheson | 1 | 0.40 | |
| Republican | Charles N. Brumm | 1 | 0.40 | |
| Republican | George Shiras Jr. | 1 | 0.40 | |
| N/A | Not voting | 14 | 5.58 | |
| Totals | 251 | 100.00% | ||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ as Republican Conference Chair
- ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair
- ^ as the leader of Readjuster Party
References
[edit]- ^ a b The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.
- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ "SELECTING NEW SENATORS". The New York Times. January 20, 1885. p. 1.
- ^ a b Clark 1913, p. 209.
- ^ Burke 1938, p. 28.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ Burke 1938, p. 22.
- ^ Burke 1938, p. 23.
- ^ a b Walker 1886, p. 3.
- ^ Burke 1938, pp. 23–27.
- ^ a b Weisenburger 1934, p. 326.
- ^ Walker 1886, p. 4.
- ^ Burke 1938, p. 30.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 20 January 1885" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Further reading
[edit]- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- Burke, Dewayne (1938). Henry B. Payne: His Congressional Career (M.A. thesis). Ohio State University. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- Walker, Albert H. (1886). The Payne Bribery Case and the United States Senate. Hartford, Connecticut: Clark & Smith. OCLC 17693469.
- Weisenburger, Francis Phelps (1934). "Henry B. Payne". Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. XIV. New York, New York: C. Scribner's Sons. pp. 325–326.
- "MR. EVARTS TO BE SENATOR" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1885.
- "EVARTS ELECTED SENATOR" (PDF). The New York Times. January 22, 1885.