Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Difference between revisions

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
	Front page of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	Gannett
Publisher	Andy Fisher
Founded	1837 (Sentinel); 1882 (Journal); 1995 (Journal Sentinel);
Circulation	48,158 Daily; 75,061 Sunday; (as of Q3 2022)
ISSN	1082-8850
OCLC number	55506548
Website	jsonline.com

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 15:40, 2 November 2024

The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where it is the primary newspaper and also the largest newspaper in the state of Wisconsin, where it is widely read. It was purchased by the Gannett Company in 2016.^[3]

In early 2003, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel began printing at a new facility in West Milwaukee. In September 2006, the Journal Sentinel announced it had "signed a five-year agreement to print the national edition of USA Today for distribution in the northern and western suburbs of Chicago and the eastern half of Wisconsin".^[4]

History

Milwaukee Sentinel

The Milwaukee Sentinel was founded on June 27, 1837, in response to disparaging statements made about the east side of town by Byron Kilbourn's westside partisan newspaper, the Milwaukee Advertiser, during the city's "bridge wars", a period when the two sides of town fought for dominance. A co-founder of Milwaukee, Solomon Juneau, provided the starting funds for editor John O'Rourke, a former office assistant at the Advertiser, to start the paper.^[5]

On Juneau's request, O'Rourke's associate, Harrison Reed, remained to take over the Sentinel's operations on behalf of Democratic Party politician James Duane Doty.^[6] Reed continued the struggle to keep the paper ahead of its debts, often printing pleas to his advertisers and subscribers to pay their bills any way they could. Meanwhile, the establishment of the Whig party in the territory thrust the Sentinel into partisan politics. In 1840 Reed was assaulted by individuals whom the Sentinel charged were hired by Democratic Governor Henry Dodge.^[7] When Doty backed William Henry Harrison, the Sentinel endorsed Harrison for president in the 1840 election.^[6]

Starr guarded the Sentinel's position as the sole Whig organ in Milwaukee. Heavily in debt, he secured the partnership of David M. Keeler, who paid off the paper's creditors. Keeler took on partner John S. Fillmore (nephew of U.S. president Millard Fillmore) and succeeded in ousting Starr, who kept publishing his own version of the Sentinel. Keeler and Fillmore trumped his efforts by turning their Sentinel into a daily on December 9, 1844, while still publishing a weekly edition. The paper finally began to prosper and establish itself as a major political force in the nascent state of Wisconsin. Having accomplished his goal of establishing the first daily paper in the territory, Keeler retired two months later, but not before opening a public reading room of the nation's newspapers, the origin of Milwaukee's public library system. Fillmore employed a succession of editors, including Jason Downer, later a Wisconsin Supreme Court justice, and Increase A. Lapham, a Midwestern naturalist who later helped establish the National Weather Service.^[5]

After running through six editors in eight years, Fillmore sought a more stable editorial foundation and went east to confer with Thurlow Weed, editor of the Albany Evening Journal and powerful Whig political boss of New York. Weed recommended his associate editor and protégé, Rufus King. King was a native of New York City, a graduate of West Point, a brevet lieutenant, the son of the president of Columbia College and the grandson of U.S. Constitution signer Rufus King. In June 1845 King came to Milwaukee and became the Sentinel's editor three months later.^[8]

The paper provided thorough coverage of Wisconsin's constitutional convention, held in Madison in 1846. When the adopted constitution fell short of Whig expectations, the Sentinel was instrumental in encouraging its rejection by territorial voters on April 6, 1847. The Sentinel launched a German-language paper, Der Volksfreund, to bring the city's large population of German immigrants to the Whig cause. Gen. King himself was a delegate to Wisconsin's second constitutional convention. He was also appointed head of the Milwaukee militia and sat on the University of Wisconsin's board of regents, as well as being the first superintendent of Milwaukee public schools. In the wake of the Panic of 1857 King sold the paper to T.D. Jermain and H.H. Brightman, but remained editor, covering the state legislative sessions of 1859–1861 himself.^[5]

In 1848, the Sentinel praised the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, a treaty that ended the Mexican–American War, commenting: "Peace upon almost any terms will be joyfully welcomed by the American People. They have long since tired of the war."^[9]

The Sentinel prospered during the Civil War, sometimes printing five editions of the paper in a day. Though much of the war news was copied from Chicago papers, the Sentinel did dispatch a war correspondent for over half a year. The war also resulted in a shortage of skilled printers, so in 1863 the Sentinel began hiring and training "female compositors" to typeset the paper, albeit in another building away from the men. This resulted in members of the Milwaukee Typographical Union leaving their jobs, but the war had already depleted their ranks to such a degree that the union later temporarily disbanded.^[10] Frustrated by the lack of skilled help, editor C. Latham Sholes tried building a typesetting machine, but failed. After becoming comptroller for the city a few years later, he invented the modern typewriter. After the war ended circulation fell off and the number of editions was kept to a minimum.^[5]

A supporter of the Liberal Republicans, who opposed President Ulysses S. Grant, Thomson was ousted from the paper after Carpenter's former law partner Newton S. Murphey bought the Sentinel in 1874 with other pro-Grant Republicans, including Carpenter, who had failed to be re-elected.^[11] After Murphey loaned Carpenter $20,000 to also become a stakeholder in the paper, Carpenter hired A. C. Botkin as editor, formerly of the Chicago Times, to replace Thomson. The Sentinel was soon perceived as Carpenter's "personal mouthpiece" and an organ of the state Republican central committee.^[12] After committee chairman Elisha W. Keyes blocked Carpenter from becoming a delegate to the national Republican convention in 1876, the paper began running fierce editorials denouncing Keyes. The Sentinel later endorsed Carpenter over Keyes as senator in the 1878 election.^[13]

Disappointed in the paper's weak defense of unregulated corporations, a new group of stalwart Republicans purchased the old Democratic Milwaukee News in 1880 and resurrected it as the Republican and News. Horace Rublee, a former editor of the Wisconsin State Journal and who had been the chairman of the state Republican party, was hired as editor-in-chief. Failing to put the Sentinel out of business, the Republicans bought the paper outright and issued it as the Republican-Sentinel. The next year the word Republican was dropped, but the paper remained a major force in the state's Republican party.^[5] This troubled managing editor Lucius W. Nieman, who had covered the state capitol for the Sentinel and had seen the control the powerful monied interests had over state government. When a Democrat was elected to Congress from a die-hard Republican county, the Sentinel's editor refused to print the fact. This led Nieman to resign and join the fledgling Milwaukee Journal. The Journal first received acclaim when Nieman's coverage of a deadly hotel fire revealed it to be a firetrap, but the Sentinel defended the hotel's management, which included a Sentinel stockholder.^[14]

Historian Frederick Jackson Turner was the Sentinel's Madison correspondent for a year, beginning in April 1884, while he finished his senior year at the University of Wisconsin. He covered various aspects of life in Madison, from campus news to the state legislature. He delivered the scoop that university regent and state political boss Elisha W. Keyes wished to remove university president John Bascom for political reasons and it was Turner's reports that resulted in a backlash of support for the president. Bascom had earlier offered Turner a position teaching elocution at the university that he turned down in favor of working for the Sentinel for nine more months. He left the paper after Republicans appointed him as the transcribing clerk to Wisconsin's state senate before later going on to teach history.^[15]

In 1892–1893 the Sentinel moved temporarily from its home on Mason Street so that the old building could be torn down and a new, state-of-the-art structure could be erected in its place.^[5]

With the dawning of the Progressive Era during the 1890s the Sentinel began to moderate its views, often echoing calls for political reform. After the Panic of 1893 a private utility monopoly run by stalwart Republican party bosses Charles F. Pfister and Henry C. Payne, The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company (TMER&L), revoked commuter passes and raised utility rates during the depression. The Sentinel joined in the chorus of indignation that resounded from Milwaukee and beyond, particularly during 1899 when Pfister and Payne succeeded, by means of bribery, to push through a 35-year contract with the city. On December 29 Pfister and Payne sued the Sentinel for libel, to which the paper replied that it had fallen prey to "probably the most formidable and influential combination of selfish interests ever found in the city of Milwaukee."^[16]

Rather than going to trial and having his business practices revealed, Pfister bought the Sentinel outright on February 18, 1901, paying an immense sum to buy up a majority of its stock. After the death of his publisher, Lansing Warren, that summer Pfister assumed publishing duties, immersing himself in the paper's operations and directing political coverage. Owning the Sentinel expanded his conservative influence from the convention backrooms to the pages of the largest daily paper in Wisconsin. The Sentinel immediately opposed the newly elected Governor La Follette. During La Follete's successful re-election campaign in 1902, Pfister's political power was diminished after it had been revealed that he had secretly purchased the editorial pages of some 300 of the state's newspapers.^[17]

A majority stake was purchased by the Hearst Corporation in 1924. Operations of the Sentinel were joined to Hearst's papers, the afternoon Wisconsin News and the morning Milwaukee Telegram; the latter being merged with the Sentinel as the Milwaukee Sentinel & Telegram. The Wisconsin News entered into a lease arrangement with the School of Engineering for radio station WSOE on November 15, 1927. The lease was for a minimum of three years. To reflect the new arrangement, the Wisconsin News changed the call letters of WSOE to WISN on January 23, 1928. The station was sold to the Wisconsin News in November 1930.^[18] Hearst's associate Paul Block acquired Pfister's remaining stake of the Sentinel in 1929. The News closed in 1939, being consolidated with the Sentinel as a single morning paper. In 1955 Hearst purchased television station WTVW and changed the call letters to WISN-TV.^[19]

The Milwaukee Journal

The Milwaukee Journal began as The Daily Journal in 1882. Edna Ferber, later a famed writer and Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, was a Milwaukee Journal reporter for nearly four years, from approximately 1903 to 1907.

The Journal followed the Sentinel into broadcasting. The Journal purchased radio station WKAF in 1927, changing its call letters to WTMJ.^[20] It launched an experimental FM station, W9XAO, in 1940,^[21] which was licensed as a commercial station in 1941,^[22] originally as W55M, and later becoming WMFM^[23] and WTMJ-FM.^[21] This station was shut down in 1950.^[24] In 1959 a new WTMJ-FM was licensed, which later became WKTI-FM, WLWK-FM, and WKTI. WTMJ-TV, Wisconsin's first television station, went on the air in 1947.^[25]

21st century

As of mid-2012, the Journal Sentinel had the 31st-largest circulation among all major U.S. newspapers, with circulation of 207,000 for the daily edition and just under 338,000 for the Sunday edition.^[26]

On April 8, 2016, decades of local ownership for both papers ended when Journal Media Group was acquired by the Gannett Company for $280 million.^[3] Gannett owns most of the daily newspapers in the central and eastern parts of Wisconsin (eleven in all),^[27] including the Green Bay Press-Gazette and Appleton's The Post-Crescent. The Journal Sentinel has been integrated into the company's "USA Today Network Wisconsin".^[28] The Journal Sentinel also collaborates with the Press-Gazette for Packers coverage, and adapted to Gannett standards, including newspaper layout, website and apps, in August 2016.^[29]

In the spring of 2018, the Journal Sentinel press facility began to print all of Gannett's state papers (it already printed The Sheboygan Press and USA Today) replacing the company's Appleton facility.^[30] By 2021, it was reported that about 90% of Journal Sentinel subscriptions were for its print edition despite a years-long push to increase the number of digital subscribers.^[31]

In April 2024, the newspaper launched a redesigned Sunday edition.^[32]

Awards

The Milwaukee Journal and the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel have received Pulitzer Prizes:

In 1934, cartoonist Ross A. Lewis won for his cartoon on labor-industry violence, "Sure, I'll Work for Both Sides".^[33]

In 1966, the series "Pollution: The Spreading Menace" garnered the award for public service.^[34]

In 1977, Margo Huston became the first female staff member of The Milwaukee Journal to win a Pulitzer Prize. She won the award in the category of best general reporting for a series of articles on the elderly and the process of aging.^[35]

In 2008, local government reporter David Umhoefer was awarded the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting for his investigation of the Milwaukee County pension system.^[36]

In 2010, reporter Raquel Rutledge was awarded the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for local reporting for her investigations and stories on abuses in a state-run child care system.^[37]

In 2011, Mark Johnson, Kathleen Gallagher, Gary Porter, Lou Saldivar, and Alison Sherwood were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting for their "lucid examination of an epic effort to use genetic technology to save a 4-year-old boy imperiled by a mysterious disease, told with words, graphics, videos and other images."^[38]

Other awards

In 1965 the paper's women's section won the Penney-Missouri Award for General Excellence.^[39]

References

^ Gannett. "Form 10-K". Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
^ Benton, Joshua (March 9, 2023). "The scale of local news destruction in Gannett's markets is astonishing". Nieman Lab.
^ ^a ^b "Gannett Completes Acquisition of Journal Media Group". USA Today, April 11, 2016.
^ "Journal Sentinel Inc. Signs Five-Year Contract to Print USA TODAY". Business Wire. 2006. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "The Story of the Sentinel," Milwaukee Sentinel, December 3, 1893.
^ ^a ^b Lorenz, Alfred Lawrence (1976). Out of Sorts and Out of Cash: Problems of Newspaper Publishing in Wisconsin Territory, 1833-1848 (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism. College Park, Maryland. pp. 6–7. Retrieved June 5, 2021 – via Education Resources Information Center.
^ Quaife, M.M. (March 1922). "Wisconsin's Saddest Tragedy". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. 5 (3): 282. JSTOR 4630366.
^ Perry C. Hill. "Rufus King and the Wisconsin Constitution". Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 32, no. 4(June 1949):416-432.
^ Beschloss, Michael (2018). Presidents of War: The Epic Story, from 1807 to Modern Times. New York: Crown. pp. 149, 653. ISBN 978-0-307-40960-7 – via Google Books.
^ Richard M. Current. The History of Wisconsin, Volume II: The Civil War Era 1848–1873. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976, p. 338.
^ Robert C. Nesbit. The History of Wisconsin, Volume III: Urbanization and Industrialization 1873-1893. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1985.^{[page needed]}
^ E. Bruce Thompson. Matthew Hale Carpenter, Webster of the West. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954, pp. 206-207.
^ E. Bruce Thompson. Matthew Hale Carpenter, Webster of the West. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954, pp. 259-261.
^ Will C. Conrad, Kathleen F. Wilson and Dale Wilson. The Milwaukee Journal. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964, pp.7-8.
^ Fulmer Mood. "Frederick Jackson Turner and the Milwaukee Sentinel 1884". Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 34, no. 1 (Autumn 1950):21-27.
^ David P. Thelen. The New Citizenship. University of Missouri Press, 1972, pp. 278-280.
^ Herbert F. Margulies. The Decline of the Progressive Movement in Wisconsin. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 62.
^ This is based upon the fact that the initial lease was for three years, as well as that according to Frost, S.E., Jr., PhD, Education's Own Stations: The History of Broadcast Licenses Issued to Educational Institutions. The University of Chicago Press, 1937, p. 213, in its license application of December 30, 1930 WISN stated that the newspaper was the owner.
^ "A Brief History of Milwaukee Television (the Analog Years)". April 29, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^ The Journal Company vs. Federal Radio Commission, 5163, 151-155 (D.C. Cir. 1930).
^ ^a ^b "WMFM Changes Its Call Letters For Fourth Time",Broadcasting, December 3, 1945, page 83.
^ "New FM Call Letters Proposed", Broadcasting, November 15, 1940, page 77.
^ "Standard Broadcast Station Call Letters for All Outlets Starting Nov. 1, FCC Rule", The Billboard, September 4, 1943, page 7.
^ "The Highlights and Sidelights of Radio-TV's Past 25 Years" (April 3), Broadcasting, October 15, 1956, page 232.
^ Milwaukee's Video Outlet Goes On Air", Broadcasting, December 8, 1947, page 85.
^ "Top Media Outlets, January 2013; U.S. Daily Newspapers" (PDF). Burrelles. January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
^ Murphy, Bruce (October 13, 2015). "How Gannett Will Shrink the Journal Sentinel". UrbanMilwaukee.com. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
^ Gores, Paul (April 7, 2016). "Gannett purchase of Journal Media Group approved". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
^ Stanley, George (July 23, 2016). "Editor's Note - Print and digital updates coming". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
^ "Gannett to move printing from Appleton facility". The Post Crescent. January 17, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^ Murphy, Bruce (November 16, 2021). "Murphy's Law: The Journal Sentinel's Drastic Decline". Urban Milwaukee. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
^ Borowski, Greg (April 26, 2024). "We're bringing you a bigger, bolder and better Sunday print edition". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
^ "ROSS LEWIS". The New York Times. August 9, 1977. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
^ Bednarek, David J. "Journal won esteemed Pulitzer Prize 5 times," The Milwaukee Journal, 31 March 1995: SS14.
^ Sandin, Jo, "Last in the newsroom, women scored many firsts," The Milwaukee Journal, 31 March 1995: B1, Final Metro.
^ "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Wins 2008 Pulitzer Prize". Reuters. April 7, 2008. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
^ "The 2010 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Local Reporting". Retrieved April 13, 2010.
^ "The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Explanatory Reporting". Retrieved April 19, 2011.
^ "The T-D's It's A Woman's World Wins Top National Prize". Quad-City Times. Times Democrat. December 28, 1965. p. 1. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Grabar, Henry (August 24, 2016). "Why Milwaukee's Online Newspaper Archive Vanished Overnight". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
^ Nickels, Craig (December 20, 2017). "Milwaukee Journal and Sentinel newspaper archives are back on the Web". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
^ Horne, Michael (February 10, 2020). "Plenty of Horne: Journal and Sentinel Archives Threatened". Urban Milwaukee. Retrieved December 29, 2021.

Bibliography

Conrad, Will C., Kathleen Wilson, and Dale Wilson (1964). The Milwaukee Journal: The First Eighty Years. University of Wisconsin Press.
- Review by Scott Cutlip (Fall 1964). "Portrait Without Blemishes", Columbia Journalism Review, pp. 42–43.
Wells, Robert W. (1981). The Milwaukee Journal: An Informal Chronicle of its First 100 Years. Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Journal.

External links

JS Online, the Journal Sentinel website
Journal Sentinel background page
Time magazine article: "The Fair Lady of Milwaukee"
Mary Beth Walker Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections Collection of key World War II issues of the Milwaukee Journal.

[Gannet's_10-K_annual_filing-1] Gannett. "Form 10-K". Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved March 10, 2023.

[NL2023-2] Benton, Joshua (March 9, 2023). "The scale of local news destruction in Gannett's markets is astonishing". Nieman Lab.

[usatoday.com-3] "Gannett Completes Acquisition of Journal Media Group". USA Today, April 11, 2016.

[4] "Journal Sentinel Inc. Signs Five-Year Contract to Print USA TODAY". Business Wire. 2006. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2013.

[TheStory-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "The Story of the Sentinel," Milwaukee Sentinel, December 3, 1893.

[Lorenz_1976-6] Lorenz, Alfred Lawrence (1976). Out of Sorts and Out of Cash: Problems of Newspaper Publishing in Wisconsin Territory, 1833-1848 (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism. College Park, Maryland. pp. 6–7. Retrieved June 5, 2021 – via Education Resources Information Center.

[7] Quaife, M.M. (March 1922). "Wisconsin's Saddest Tragedy". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. 5 (3): 282. JSTOR 4630366.

[8] Perry C. Hill. "Rufus King and the Wisconsin Constitution". Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 32, no. 4(June 1949):416-432.

[9] Beschloss, Michael (2018). Presidents of War: The Epic Story, from 1807 to Modern Times. New York: Crown. pp. 149, 653. ISBN 978-0-307-40960-7 – via Google Books.

[10] Richard M. Current. The History of Wisconsin, Volume II: The Civil War Era 1848–1873. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976, p. 338.

[11] Robert C. Nesbit. The History of Wisconsin, Volume III: Urbanization and Industrialization 1873-1893. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1985.^{[page needed]}

[12] E. Bruce Thompson. Matthew Hale Carpenter, Webster of the West. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954, pp. 206-207.

[13] E. Bruce Thompson. Matthew Hale Carpenter, Webster of the West. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954, pp. 259-261.

[14] Will C. Conrad, Kathleen F. Wilson and Dale Wilson. The Milwaukee Journal. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964, pp.7-8.

[15] Fulmer Mood. "Frederick Jackson Turner and the Milwaukee Sentinel 1884". Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 34, no. 1 (Autumn 1950):21-27.

[16] David P. Thelen. The New Citizenship. University of Missouri Press, 1972, pp. 278-280.

[17] Herbert F. Margulies. The Decline of the Progressive Movement in Wisconsin. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 62.

[18] This is based upon the fact that the initial lease was for three years, as well as that according to Frost, S.E., Jr., PhD, Education's Own Stations: The History of Broadcast Licenses Issued to Educational Institutions. The University of Chicago Press, 1937, p. 213, in its license application of December 30, 1930 WISN stated that the newspaper was the owner.

[19] "A Brief History of Milwaukee Television (the Analog Years)". April 29, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2021.

[20] The Journal Company vs. Federal Radio Commission, 5163, 151-155 (D.C. Cir. 1930).

[history-21] "WMFM Changes Its Call Letters For Fourth Time",Broadcasting, December 3, 1945, page 83.

[22] "New FM Call Letters Proposed", Broadcasting, November 15, 1940, page 77.

[23] "Standard Broadcast Station Call Letters for All Outlets Starting Nov. 1, FCC Rule", The Billboard, September 4, 1943, page 7.

[24] "The Highlights and Sidelights of Radio-TV's Past 25 Years" (April 3), Broadcasting, October 15, 1956, page 232.

[25] Milwaukee's Video Outlet Goes On Air", Broadcasting, December 8, 1947, page 85.

[26] "Top Media Outlets, January 2013; U.S. Daily Newspapers" (PDF). Burrelles. January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2016.

[27] Murphy, Bruce (October 13, 2015). "How Gannett Will Shrink the Journal Sentinel". UrbanMilwaukee.com. Retrieved May 8, 2016.

[28] Gores, Paul (April 7, 2016). "Gannett purchase of Journal Media Group approved". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 17, 2016.

[29] Stanley, George (July 23, 2016). "Editor's Note - Print and digital updates coming". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved July 30, 2016.

[30] "Gannett to move printing from Appleton facility". The Post Crescent. January 17, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

[31] Murphy, Bruce (November 16, 2021). "Murphy's Law: The Journal Sentinel's Drastic Decline". Urban Milwaukee. Retrieved November 16, 2021.

[32] Borowski, Greg (April 26, 2024). "We're bringing you a bigger, bolder and better Sunday print edition". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved May 4, 2024.

[33] "ROSS LEWIS". The New York Times. August 9, 1977. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 25, 2021.

[34] Bednarek, David J. "Journal won esteemed Pulitzer Prize 5 times," The Milwaukee Journal, 31 March 1995: SS14.

[35] Sandin, Jo, "Last in the newsroom, women scored many firsts," The Milwaukee Journal, 31 March 1995: B1, Final Metro.

[36] "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Wins 2008 Pulitzer Prize". Reuters. April 7, 2008. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2009.

[37] "The 2010 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Local Reporting". Retrieved April 13, 2010.

[38] "The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Explanatory Reporting". Retrieved April 19, 2011.

[TD28dec65-39] "The T-D's It's A Woman's World Wins Top National Prize". Quad-City Times. Times Democrat. December 28, 1965. p. 1. Retrieved December 28, 2018.

[vanished-40] Grabar, Henry (August 24, 2016). "Why Milwaukee's Online Newspaper Archive Vanished Overnight". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved December 29, 2021.

[41] Nickels, Craig (December 20, 2017). "Milwaukee Journal and Sentinel newspaper archives are back on the Web". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved December 29, 2021.

[42] Horne, Michael (February 10, 2020). "Plenty of Horne: Journal and Sentinel Archives Threatened". Urban Milwaukee. Retrieved December 29, 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Daily newspaper based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin}}
+{{Short description|Newspaper based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin}}
 {{More citations needed|date=October 2019}}
 {{use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}
 {{use American English|date=December 2021}}
 {{Infobox newspaper
-| name                = Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
+| name               = Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
-| image               = [[File:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel front page.png|225px|border]]
+| logo               = Milwaukee Journal Sentinel logo.svg
-| caption             = Front page of the<br>''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel''
+| image              = [[File:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel front page.png|225px|border]]
-| type                = Daily [[newspaper]]
+| caption            = Front page of the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel''
-| format              = [[Broadsheet]]
+| type               = [[Daily newspaper]]
-| foundation          = {{ubl|1837 (''Sentinel'')|1882 (''Journal'')|1995 (''Journal Sentinel'')}}
+| format             = [[Broadsheet]]
+| foundation         = {{ubl|1837 (''Sentinel'')|1882 (''Journal'')|1995 (''Journal Sentinel'')}}
-| owners              = [[Gannett]]
+| owners             = [[Gannett]]
-| publisher           = Elizabeth Brenner
+| publisher          = Andy Fisher
+| circulation        = {{ublist|48,158&nbsp;Daily|75,061&nbsp;Sunday}}
-| editor              = George Stanley
+| circulation_ref    = <ref name="Gannet's 10-K annual filing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1579684/000157968423000014/gci-20221231.htm |title=Form 10-K|author=Gannett |website=Securities & Exchange Commission |access-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NL2023">{{cite news |last1=Benton |first1=Joshua |title=The scale of local news destruction in Gannett's markets is astonishing |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2023/03/the-scale-of-local-news-destruction-in-gannetts-markets-is-astonishing/ |work=Nieman Lab |date=9 March 2023}}</ref>
-| headquarters        = {{ubl|333 W. State|[[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin|WI]] 53203|U.S.}}
+| circulation_date   = Q3 2022
-| circulation         = 217,755 Daily<br>384,539 Sunday<ref>{{cite web|title=Audit Bureau of Circulations Report ending 3/31/2008 |publisher=ABCNewspaper Search |url=http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/newssearchus.asp |format=website |access-date=2008-03-31 |date=2008-03-31 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-| ISSN                = 1082-8850
+| ISSN               = 1082-8850
-| oclc                = 55506548
+| oclc               = 55506548
+| website            = {{URL|http://www.jsonline.com/|jsonline.com}}
-| sister newspapers   = {{ubl|[[Community Newspapers (Wisconsin)|CNI Newspapers]]|Weekend Extra}}
-| website             = [http://www.jsonline.com/ jsonline.com]
 }}
 [[File:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel building.jpg|thumb|Milwaukee Journal Sentinel building]]
-The '''''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel''''' is a daily morning [[broadsheet]] printed in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], where it is the primary [[newspaper]]. It is also the largest newspaper in the state of [[Wisconsin]], where it is widely distributed. It is currently owned by the [[Gannett|Gannett Company]].<ref name="usatoday.com">"[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/pr/2016/04/11/gannett-completes-acquisition-journal-media-group/82887440/ Gannett Completes Acquisition of Journal Media Group]". ''USA Today'', April 11, 2016.</ref>
+The '''''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel''''' is a daily morning [[broadsheet]] printed in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], where it is the primary [[newspaper]] and also the largest newspaper in the state of [[Wisconsin]], where it is widely read. It was purchased by the [[Gannett|Gannett Company]] in 2016.<ref name="usatoday.com">"[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/pr/2016/04/11/gannett-completes-acquisition-journal-media-group/82887440/ Gannett Completes Acquisition of Journal Media Group]". ''USA Today'', April 11, 2016.</ref>
+In early 2003, the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' began printing at a new facility in [[West Milwaukee, Wisconsin|West Milwaukee]]. In September 2006, the ''Journal Sentinel'' announced it had "signed a five-year agreement to print the national edition of ''[[USA Today]]'' for distribution in the northern and western suburbs of Chicago and the eastern half of Wisconsin".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_Sept_13/ai_n26985012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713201020/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_Sept_13/ai_n26985012 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-07-13 | work=Business Wire | title=Journal Sentinel Inc. Signs Five-Year Contract to Print USA TODAY | year=2006 | access-date=2013-11-05}}</ref>
 ==History==
-The ''Journal Sentinel'' was first printed on Sunday, April 2, 1995, following the consolidation of operations between the afternoon ''The Milwaukee Journal'' and the morning ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', which had been owned by the same company, [[Journal Media Group|Journal Communications]], for more than 30 years. The new ''Journal Sentinel'' then became a seven-day morning paper.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-In early 2003, the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' began printing operations at its new printing facility in [[West Milwaukee, Wisconsin|West Milwaukee]]. In September 2006, the ''Journal Sentinel'' announced it had "signed a five-year agreement to print the national edition of ''[[USA Today]]'' for distribution in the northern and western suburbs of Chicago and the eastern half of Wisconsin".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_Sept_13/ai_n26985012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713201020/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_Sept_13/ai_n26985012 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-07-13 | work=Business Wire | title=Journal Sentinel Inc. Signs Five-Year Contract to Print USA TODAY | year=2006 | access-date=2013-11-05}}</ref>
-The legacies of both papers are acknowledged on the editorial pages today, with the names of the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s [[Solomon Juneau]] and the ''Journal''{{'}}s [[Lucius Nieman]] and [[Harry J. Grant]] listed below their respective newspapers' flags. The merged paper's volume and edition numbers follow those of the ''Journal''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
 ===''Milwaukee Sentinel''===
+The ''Milwaukee Sentinel'' was founded on June 27, 1837, in response to disparaging statements made about the east side of town by [[Byron Kilbourn]]'s westside partisan newspaper, the ''Milwaukee Advertiser'', during the city's "[[Milwaukee Bridge War|bridge wars]]", a period when the two sides of town fought for dominance. A co-founder of Milwaukee, [[Solomon Juneau]], provided the starting funds for editor John O'Rourke, a former office assistant at the ''Advertiser'', to start the paper.<ref name="TheStory">"The Story of the Sentinel," ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', December 3, 1893.</ref>
-====Founding====
-The ''Milwaukee Sentinel'' was founded in response to disparaging statements made about the east side of town by [[Byron Kilbourn]]'s westside partisan newspaper, the ''Milwaukee Advertiser'', during the city's "bridge wars", a period when the two sides of town fought for dominance. A co-founder of Milwaukee, [[Solomon Juneau]], provided the starting funds for editor John O'Rourke, a former office assistant at the ''Advertiser'', to start the paper. It was first published as a four-page weekly on June 27, 1837. A deathly ill O'Rourke struggled to help the paper to find its feet before he died six months later of [[tuberculosis]] at the age of 24.<ref name="TheStory">"The Story of the Sentinel," ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', December 3, 1893.</ref>
+On Juneau's request, O'Rourke's associate, [[Harrison Reed (politician)|Harrison Reed]], remained to take over the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s operations on behalf of Democratic Party politician [[James Duane Doty]].<ref name="Lorenz 1976">{{cite conference|last=Lorenz|first=Alfred Lawrence|title=Out of Sorts and Out of Cash: Problems of Newspaper Publishing in Wisconsin Territory, 1833-1848|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED158298.pdf|place=College Park, Maryland|conference=Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism|date=1976|pages=6–7|via=Education Resources Information Center|access-date=June 5, 2021}}</ref>  Reed continued the struggle to keep the paper ahead of its debts, often printing pleas to his advertisers and subscribers to pay their bills any way they could. Meanwhile, the establishment of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig party]] in the territory thrust the ''Sentinel'' into partisan politics. In 1840 Reed was assaulted by individuals whom the ''Sentinel'' charged were hired by Democratic Governor [[Henry Dodge]].<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=4630366|title=Wisconsin's Saddest Tragedy|last=Quaife|first=M.M.|journal=The Wisconsin Magazine of History|date=March 1922|volume=5|issue=3|page=282}}</ref> When Doty backed [[William Henry Harrison]], the ''Sentinel'' endorsed Harrison for president in the [[1840 United States presidential election|1840 election]].<ref name="Lorenz 1976"/>
-====Becoming a Whig newspaper====
-On Juneau's request, O'Rourke's associate, [[Harrison Reed (politician)|Harrison Reed]], remained to take over the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s operations on behalf of Democratic Party politician [[James Duane Doty]].<ref name="Lorenz 1976">{{cite conference|last=Lorenz|first=Alfred Lawrence|title=Out of Sorts and Out of Cash: Problems of Newspaper Publishing in Wisconsin Territory, 1833-1848|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED158298.pdf|place=College Park, Maryland|conference=Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism|date=1976|pages=6-7|via=Education Resources Information Center|access-date=June 5, 2021}}</reF>  Reed continued the struggle to keep the paper ahead of its debts, often printing pleas to his advertisers and subscribers to pay their bills any way they could. Meanwhile, the establishment of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig party]] in the territory thrust the ''Sentinel'' into partisan politics. In 1840 Reed was assaulted by individuals whom the ''Sentinel'' charged were hired by Democratic Governor [[Henry Dodge]].<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=4630366|title=Wisconsin's Saddest Tragedy|last=Quaife|first=M.M.|journal=The Wisconsin Magazine of History|date=March 1922|volume=5|issue=3|page=282}}</ref> When Doty backed [[William Henry Harrison]], the ''Sentinel'' endorsed Harrison for president in the [[1840 United States presidential election|1840 election]].<ref name="Lorenz 1976"/>
+Starr guarded the ''Sentinel''{{'s}} position as the sole Whig organ in Milwaukee. Heavily in debt, he secured the partnership of David M. Keeler, who paid off the paper's creditors. Keeler took on partner John S. Fillmore (nephew of U.S. president [[Millard Fillmore]]) and succeeded in ousting Starr, who kept publishing his own version of the ''Sentinel''. Keeler and Fillmore trumped his efforts by turning their ''Sentinel'' into a daily on December 9, 1844, while still publishing a weekly edition. The paper finally began to prosper and establish itself as a major political force in the nascent state of Wisconsin. Having accomplished his goal of establishing the first daily paper in the territory, Keeler retired two months later, but not before opening a public reading room of the nation's newspapers, the origin of [[Milwaukee Public Library|Milwaukee's public library]] system. Fillmore employed a succession of editors, including [[Jason Downer]], later a Wisconsin Supreme Court justice, and [[Increase A. Lapham]], a Midwestern naturalist who later helped establish the [[National Weather Service]].<ref name="TheStory" />
-In financial straits, Reed lost control of the paper in 1841 when Democrats foreclosed on the ''Sentinel''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s mortgaged debt and took over its editorial page. Only after the Democrats' successful election of Dodge for Congress was Reed able to regain control of the paper. The next year he sold the ''Sentinel'' to Elisha Starr, an editor who had founded a new Whig paper in response to the ''Sentinel''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Democratic lapse. Reed later became a "[[Carpetbagger|carpetbag]]" governor of Florida during [[Reconstruction Era of the United States|Reconstruction]].
+After running through six editors in eight years, Fillmore sought a more stable editorial foundation and went east to confer with [[Thurlow Weed]], editor of the ''Albany Evening Journal'' and powerful Whig political boss of New York. Weed recommended his associate editor and protégé, Rufus King. King was a native of New York City, a graduate of [[West Point]], a brevet lieutenant, the son of the president of [[Columbia University|Columbia College]] and the grandson of [[U.S. Constitution]] signer [[Rufus King]]. In June 1845 King came to Milwaukee and became the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s editor three months later.<ref>Perry C. Hill. "[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wmh/id/17986 Rufus King and the Wisconsin Constitution]". ''Wisconsin Magazine of History'', vol. 32, no. 4(June 1949):416-432.</ref>
-Starr guarded the ''Sentinel'''s position as the sole Whig organ in Milwaukee. Heavily in debt, he secured the partnership of David M. Keeler, who paid off the paper's creditors. Keeler took on partner John S. Fillmore (nephew of U.S. president [[Millard Fillmore]]) and succeeded in ousting Starr, who kept publishing his own version of the ''Sentinel''. Keeler and Fillmore trumped his efforts by turning their ''Sentinel'' into a daily on December 9, 1844, while still publishing a weekly edition. The paper finally began to prosper and establish itself as a major political force in the nascent state of Wisconsin. Having accomplished his goal of establishing the first daily paper in the territory, Keeler retired two months later, but not before opening a public reading room of the nation's newspapers, the origin of [[Milwaukee Public Library|Milwaukee's public library]] system. Fillmore employed a succession of editors, including [[Jason Downer]], later a Wisconsin Supreme Court justice, and [[Increase A. Lapham]], a Midwestern naturalist who later helped establish the [[National Weather Service]].<ref name="TheStory" />
-====The King years====
-After running through six editors in eight years, Fillmore sought a more stable editorial foundation and went east to confer with [[Thurlow Weed]], editor of the ''Albany Evening Journal'' and powerful Whig political boss of New York. Weed recommended his associate editor and protégé, Rufus King. King was a native of New York City, a graduate of [[West Point]], a brevet lieutenant, the son of the president of [[Columbia University|Columbia College]] and the grandson of [[U.S. Constitution]] signer [[Rufus King]]. In June 1845 King came to Milwaukee and became the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s editor three months later.<ref>Perry C. Hill. "[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wmh/id/17986 Rufus King and the Wisconsin Constitution]". ''Wisconsin Magazine of History'', vol. 32, no. 4(June 1949):416-432.</ref> King was lionized by the community. It was his suggestion that made the ''Sentinel'' the first paper in the Midwest to employ newsboys to boost street sales.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-Due largely to King's connections to the East, the quality of the ''Sentinel'' greatly improved. He declared the ''Sentinel'' an antislavery paper and also supported [[Temperance movement|temperance]] legislation. King invested his own money in the paper, purchasing the first power press in the Midwest. Two years later the first telegraph message wired to Wisconsin was received in the ''Sentinel'' office.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
 The paper provided thorough coverage of Wisconsin's constitutional convention, held in [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] in 1846. When the adopted constitution fell short of Whig expectations, the ''Sentinel'' was instrumental in encouraging its rejection by territorial voters on April 6, 1847. The ''Sentinel'' launched a German-language paper, ''Der Volksfreund'', to bring the city's large population of German immigrants to the Whig cause. Gen. King himself was a delegate to Wisconsin's second constitutional convention. He was also appointed head of the Milwaukee militia and sat on the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]]'s board of regents, as well as being the first superintendent of [[Milwaukee Public Schools|Milwaukee public schools]]. In the wake of the [[Panic of 1857]] King sold the paper to T.D. Jermain and H.H. Brightman, but remained editor, covering the state legislative sessions of 1859–1861 himself.<ref name="TheStory" />
-In 1848, the ''Sentinel'' praised the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], a treaty that ended the [[Mexican–American War]], commenting: "Peace upon almost any terms will be joyfully welcomed by the American People. They have long since tired of the war."<reF>{{cite book|last=Beschloss|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Beschloss|title=Presidents of War: The Epic Story, from 1807 to Modern Times|pages=149, 653|place=New York|publisher=Crown|year=2018|isbn=978-0-307-40960-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSxyDwAAQBAJ|via=Google Books}}</ref>
+In 1848, the ''Sentinel'' praised the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], a treaty that ended the [[Mexican–American War]], commenting: "Peace upon almost any terms will be joyfully welcomed by the American People. They have long since tired of the war."<ref>{{cite book|last=Beschloss|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Beschloss|title=Presidents of War: The Epic Story, from 1807 to Modern Times|pages=149, 653|place=New York|publisher=Crown|year=2018|isbn=978-0-307-40960-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSxyDwAAQBAJ|via=Google Books}}</ref>
-====The Civil War years====
-After the enactment of the [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850|Fugitive Slave Act]] in 1850, King joined ''Wisconsin Freeman'' editor [[Sherman Booth|Sherman M. Booth]] in calling for its repeal, and in 1854 denounced the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]]. The ''Sentinel'' provided extended coverage of runaway slave [[Joshua Glover]]'s liberation from a Milwaukee jail on March 11, 1854. After the birth of the [[Republican Party in the United States|Republican party]] in [[Ripon, Wisconsin]], King helped promote and organize the state party at the founding convention held at the Madison Capitol on July 13. King's ''Sentinel'' supported [[William H. Seward]] for the Republican presidential nomination in 1860, but rallied around [[Abraham Lincoln]] when he emerged as the nominee. Circulation rose with the looming [[Civil War (United States)|Civil War]] and the paper expanded to a nine-column sheet with the start of 1861. In 1862 the ''Sentinel'' bought Booth's abolitionist newspaper, the ''Wisconsin Free Democrat'', and published it for two months before folding and sending its subscribers the ''Weekly Sentinel''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-Soon after his inauguration, President Lincoln appointed Rufus King minister to the [[Papal States]]. As he prepared to sail to Europe, the Civil War broke out. He took a leave of absence and was appointed a brigadier general. Later, he helped form and lead the Union Army's [[Iron Brigade]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
 The ''Sentinel'' prospered during the Civil War, sometimes printing five editions of the paper in a day. Though much of the war news was copied from Chicago papers, the ''Sentinel'' did dispatch a war correspondent for over half a year. The war also resulted in a shortage of skilled printers, so in 1863 the ''Sentinel'' began hiring and training "female compositors" to typeset the paper, albeit in another building away from the men. This resulted in members of the Milwaukee Typographical Union leaving their jobs, but the war had already depleted their ranks to such a degree that the union later temporarily disbanded.<ref>Richard M. Current. ''The History of Wisconsin, Volume II: The Civil War Era 1848–1873''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976, p. 338.</ref> Frustrated by the lack of skilled help, editor [[C. Latham Sholes]] tried building a typesetting machine, but failed. After becoming comptroller for the city a few years later, he invented the modern typewriter. After the war ended circulation fell off and the number of editions was kept to a minimum.<ref name="TheStory" />
-====Becoming a Republican organ====
-In 1870 sole proprietor Horace Brightman sold the ''Sentinel'' to [[Alexander M. Thomson]] and other former owners of the ''Janesville Gazette''. Thomson had co-edited Booth's abolitionist ''Free Democrat'' before the war and while editing the ''Gazette'' during the war he had entered politics as a Republican, rising to the position of state assembly speaker. Thomson played a key role in securing the legislature's choice of [[Matthew H. Carpenter]] as U.S. Senator. Running the ''Sentinel'', Thomson changed the size of the paper twice while diminishing the paper's local focus in favor of telegraphed national news. He also began publishing a Sunday edition.
 A supporter of the [[Liberal Republican Party (United States)|Liberal Republicans]], who opposed President [[Ulysses S. Grant]], Thomson was ousted from the paper after Carpenter's former law partner Newton S. Murphey bought the ''Sentinel'' in 1874 with other pro-Grant Republicans, including Carpenter, who had failed to be re-elected.<ref>Robert C. Nesbit. ''The History of Wisconsin, Volume III: Urbanization and Industrialization 1873-1893''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1985.{{page needed|date=April 2016}}</ref> After Murphey loaned Carpenter $20,000 to also become a stakeholder in the paper, Carpenter hired A. C. Botkin as editor, formerly of the ''[[Chicago Times]]'', to replace Thomson. The ''Sentinel'' was soon perceived as Carpenter's "personal mouthpiece" and an organ of the state Republican central committee.<ref>E. Bruce Thompson. ''Matthew Hale Carpenter, Webster of the West''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954, pp. 206-207.</ref> After committee chairman [[Elisha W. Keyes]] blocked Carpenter from becoming a delegate to the national Republican convention in 1876, the paper began running fierce editorials denouncing Keyes. The ''Sentinel'' later endorsed Carpenter over Keyes as senator in the 1878 election.<ref>E. Bruce Thompson. ''Matthew Hale Carpenter, Webster of the West''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954, pp. 259-261.</ref>
-Disappointed in the paper's weak defense of unregulated [[corporations]], a new group of stalwart Republicans purchased the old Democratic ''Milwaukee News'' in 1880 and resurrected it as the ''Republican and News''. [[Horace Rublee]], a former editor of the ''[[Wisconsin State Journal]]'' and who had been the chairman of the [[Wisconsin Republican Party|state Republican party]], was hired as editor-in-chief. Failing to put the ''Sentinel'' out of business, the Republicans bought the paper outright and issued it as the ''Republican-Sentinel''. The next year the word Republican was dropped, but the paper remained a major force in the state's Republican party.<ref name="TheStory" /> This troubled managing editor [[Lucius W. Nieman]], who had covered the state capitol for the ''Sentinel'' and had seen the control the powerful monied interests had over state government. When a Democrat was elected to Congress from a die-hard Republican county, the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s editor refused to print the fact. This led Nieman to resign and join the fledgling ''Milwaukee Journal''. The ''Journal'' first received acclaim when Nieman's coverage of a deadly hotel fire revealed it to be a firetrap, but the ''Sentinel'' defended the hotel's management, which included a ''Sentinel'' stockholder.<ref>Will C. Conrad, Kathleen F. Wilson and Dale Wilson. ''The Milwaukee Journal''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964, pp.7-8.</ref> ''The Milwaukee Journal'' became the paper's primary competition for the next eleven decades.
+Disappointed in the paper's weak defense of unregulated [[corporations]], a new group of stalwart Republicans purchased the old Democratic ''Milwaukee News'' in 1880 and resurrected it as the ''Republican and News''. [[Horace Rublee]], a former editor of the ''[[Wisconsin State Journal]]'' and who had been the chairman of the [[Wisconsin Republican Party|state Republican party]], was hired as editor-in-chief. Failing to put the ''Sentinel'' out of business, the Republicans bought the paper outright and issued it as the ''Republican-Sentinel''. The next year the word Republican was dropped, but the paper remained a major force in the state's Republican party.<ref name="TheStory" /> This troubled managing editor [[Lucius W. Nieman]], who had covered the state capitol for the ''Sentinel'' and had seen the control the powerful monied interests had over state government. When a Democrat was elected to Congress from a die-hard Republican county, the ''Sentinel''{{'}}s editor refused to print the fact. This led Nieman to resign and join the fledgling ''Milwaukee Journal''. The ''Journal'' first received acclaim when Nieman's coverage of a deadly hotel fire revealed it to be a firetrap, but the ''Sentinel'' defended the hotel's management, which included a ''Sentinel'' stockholder.<ref>Will C. Conrad, Kathleen F. Wilson and Dale Wilson. ''The Milwaukee Journal''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964, pp.7-8.</ref>
-Historian [[Frederick Jackson Turner]] was the ''Sentinel'''s Madison correspondent for a year, beginning in April 1884, while he finished his senior year at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]]. He covered various aspects of life in Madison, from campus news to the state legislature. He delivered the scoop that university regent and state political boss [[Elisha W. Keyes]] wished to remove university president [[John Bascom]] for political reasons and it was Turner's reports that resulted in a backlash of support for the president. Bascom had earlier offered Turner a position teaching elocution at the university that he turned down in favor of working for the ''Sentinel'' for nine more months. He left the paper after Republicans appointed him as the transcribing clerk to Wisconsin's state senate before later going on to teach history.<ref>Fulmer Mood. "[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wmh/id/19240 Frederick Jackson Turner and the Milwaukee Sentinel 1884]". ''Wisconsin Magazine of History'', vol. 34, no. 1 (Autumn 1950):21-27.</ref>
+Historian [[Frederick Jackson Turner]] was the ''Sentinel''{{'s}} Madison correspondent for a year, beginning in April 1884, while he finished his senior year at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]]. He covered various aspects of life in Madison, from campus news to the state legislature. He delivered the scoop that university regent and state political boss [[Elisha W. Keyes]] wished to remove university president [[John Bascom]] for political reasons and it was Turner's reports that resulted in a backlash of support for the president. Bascom had earlier offered Turner a position teaching elocution at the university that he turned down in favor of working for the ''Sentinel'' for nine more months. He left the paper after Republicans appointed him as the transcribing clerk to Wisconsin's state senate before later going on to teach history.<ref>Fulmer Mood. "[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wmh/id/19240 Frederick Jackson Turner and the Milwaukee Sentinel 1884]". ''Wisconsin Magazine of History'', vol. 34, no. 1 (Autumn 1950):21-27.</ref>
 In 1892–1893 the ''Sentinel'' moved temporarily from its home on Mason Street so that the old building could be torn down and a new, state-of-the-art structure could be erected in its place.<ref name="TheStory" />
-====The Pfister years====
 With the dawning of the Progressive Era during the 1890s the ''Sentinel'' began to moderate its views, often echoing calls for political reform. After the [[Panic of 1893]] a private utility monopoly run by stalwart Republican party bosses [[Charles F. Pfister]] and [[Henry C. Payne]], [[The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company]] (TMER&L), revoked commuter passes and raised utility rates during the depression. The ''Sentinel'' joined in the chorus of indignation that resounded from Milwaukee and beyond, particularly during 1899 when Pfister and Payne succeeded, by means of bribery, to push through a 35-year contract with the city. On December 29 Pfister and Payne sued the ''Sentinel'' for libel, to which the paper replied that it had fallen prey to "probably the most formidable and influential combination of selfish interests ever found in the city of Milwaukee."<ref>David P. Thelen. ''The New Citizenship''. University of Missouri Press, 1972, pp. 278-280.</ref>
+Rather than going to trial and having his business practices revealed, Pfister bought the ''Sentinel'' outright on February 18, 1901, paying an immense sum to buy up a majority of its stock. After the death of his publisher, Lansing Warren, that summer Pfister assumed publishing duties, immersing himself in the paper's operations and directing political coverage. Owning the ''Sentinel'' expanded his conservative influence from the convention backrooms to the pages of the largest daily paper in Wisconsin. The ''Sentinel'' immediately opposed the newly elected Governor La Follette. During La Follete's successful re-election campaign in 1902, Pfister's political power was diminished after it had been revealed that he had secretly purchased the editorial pages of some 300 of the state's newspapers.<ref>Herbert F. Margulies. ''The Decline of the Progressive Movement in Wisconsin''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 62.</ref>
-Charles F. Pfister was heir to a fortune built from his father's tannery company and he directed many valuable holdings, including banks, railroads, insurance companies, heavy industries, pinelands and mines, plus the lavish Pfister Hotel. He developed funds as well as strategy for the state's stalwart Republican machine, having made governors and senators.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-Rather than going to trial and having his business practices revealed, Pfister bought the ''Sentinel'' outright on February 18, 1901, paying an immense sum to buy up a majority of its stock. After the death of his publisher, Lansing Warren, that summer Pfister assumed publishing duties, immersing himself in the paper's operations and directing political coverage. Owning the ''Sentinel'' expanded his conservative influence from the convention backrooms to the pages of the largest daily paper in Wisconsin. The ''Sentinel'' immediately opposed the newly elected Governor La Follette. During La Follete's successful re-election campaign in 1902, Pfister's political power was diminished after it had been revealed that he had secretly purchased the editorial pages of some 300 of the state's newspapers.<ref>Herbert F. Margulies. ''The Decline of the Progressive Movement in Wisconsin''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 62.</ref> The ''Sentinel'' continued to denounce La Follette for over twenty years, whether it be for his reforms or his stand against U.S. participation in [[World War I]]. In 1905 Pfister was indicted in a rendering company bribery scandal by Milwaukee district attorney (and future Wisconsin governor) [[Francis McGovern]], but was acquitted for lack of testimony.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-Pfister sold the paper to the William Randolph Hearst's newspaper syndicate on June 1, 1924.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-====The Hearst years====
 A majority stake was purchased by the [[Hearst Corporation]] in 1924. Operations of the ''Sentinel'' were joined to Hearst's papers, the afternoon ''Wisconsin News'' and the morning ''Milwaukee Telegram''; the latter being merged with the ''Sentinel'' as the ''Milwaukee Sentinel & Telegram''. The ''Wisconsin News'' entered into a lease arrangement with the School of Engineering for radio station WSOE on November 15, 1927. The lease was for a minimum of three years. To reflect the new arrangement, the ''Wisconsin News'' changed the call letters of WSOE to [[WISN (AM)|WISN]] on January 23, 1928. The station was sold to the ''Wisconsin News'' in November 1930.<ref>This is based upon the fact that the initial lease was for three years, as well as that according to Frost, S.E., Jr., PhD, ''Education's Own Stations: The History of Broadcast Licenses Issued to Educational Institutions''. The University of Chicago Press, 1937, p. 213, in its license application of December 30, 1930 WISN stated that the newspaper was the owner.</ref> Hearst's associate Paul Block acquired Pfister's remaining stake of the ''Sentinel'' in 1929. The ''News'' closed in 1939, being consolidated with the ''Sentinel'' as a single morning paper. In 1955 Hearst purchased television station WTVW and changed the call letters to [[WISN-TV]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Milwaukee Television (the Analog Years) |url=https://milwaukeehorrorhosts.com/MilwTV.html |access-date=August 27, 2021 |date=April 29, 2008 }}</ref>
-Hearst operated the ''Sentinel'' until 1962 when, following a long and costly strike, it abruptly announced the closing of the paper. Although Hearst claimed that the paper had lost money for years, television was directly affecting Hearst's evening papers in [[New York City]] and [[Chicago]], forcing the company to drive income from the ''Sentinel'' to finance the other papers. The Journal Company, concerned about the loss of an important voice (and facing questions about its own dominance of the Milwaukee media market), agreed to buy the ''Sentinel'' name, subscription lists, and any "good will" associated with the name. The News-Sentinel building at Plankinton and Michigan was torn down; the presses were shipped to Hearst's [[San Francisco Examiner|San Francisco papers]], and ''Sentinel'' operations moved to Journal Square, with Hearst retaining WISN radio and television (WISN-TV remains part of Hearst, while WISN Radio is owned by [[iHeartMedia]]). Following the paper's sale to The Journal Company, the Sunday edition of the ''Sentinel'' was absorbed by the ''Journal''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
 ===''The Milwaukee Journal''===
+''The Milwaukee Journal'' began as ''The Daily Journal'' in 1882. [[Edna Ferber]], later a famed writer and Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, was a ''Milwaukee Journal'' reporter for nearly four years, from approximately 1903 to 1907.
-The ''Journal'' was started in 1882, in competition with four other English-language, four German- and two Polish-language dailies. Its first editor was [[Lucius Nieman]], who wanted to steer the paper away from the political biases and [[yellow journalism]] common at the time. Nieman was an innovative and crusading editor. The [[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service]] was awarded to ''The Milwaukee Journal'' in 1919 "for its strong campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a business point of view".{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-The ''Journal'' followed the ''Sentinel'' into broadcasting. The ''Journal'' purchased radio station WKAF in 1927, changing its call letters to [[WTMJ (AM)|WTMJ]].<ref>{{cite court|url=https://archive.org/details/dc_circ_1930_5163_journal_co_v_fed_radio_commn/page/n158/mode/1up|litigants=The Journal Company vs. Federal Radio Commission|court=D.C. Cir.|date=1930|opinion=5163|pinpoint=151-155}}</ref> It launched an experimental FM station, W9XAO, in 1940,<ref name=history>[https://archive.org/details/broadcasting292unse/page/n976/mode/1up "WMFM Changes Its Call Letters For Fourth Time"],''Broadcasting'', December 3, 1945, page 83.</ref> which was licensed as a commercial station in 1941,<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/broadcasting19unse#page/n1074/mode/1up "New FM Call Letters Proposed"], ''Broadcasting'', November 15, 1940, page 77.</ref> originally as W55M, and later becoming WMFM<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6#v=onepage&q&f=false "Standard Broadcast Station Call Letters for All Outlets Starting Nov. 1, FCC Rule"], ''The Billboard'', September 4, 1943, page 7.</ref> and WTMJ-FM.<ref name=history/> This station was deleted in 1950.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/broadcastingtele51unse_0/page/n463/mode/1up "The Highlights and Sidelights of Radio-TV's Past 25 Years"] (April 3), ''Broadcasting'', October 15, 1956, page 232.</ref> In 1959 a new WTMJ-FM was licensed, which later became WKTI-FM, WLWK-FM, and [[WKTI]]. [[WTMJ-TV]], Wisconsin's first television station, went on the air in 1947.<ref>[https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1947/1947-12-08-BC.pdf#page=89 Milwaukee's Video Outlet Goes On Air"], ''Broadcasting'', December 8, 1947, page 85.</ref>
+The ''Journal'' followed the ''Sentinel'' into broadcasting. The ''Journal'' purchased radio station WKAF in 1927, changing its call letters to [[WTMJ (AM)|WTMJ]].<ref>{{cite court|url=https://archive.org/details/dc_circ_1930_5163_journal_co_v_fed_radio_commn/page/n158/mode/1up|litigants=The Journal Company vs. Federal Radio Commission|court=D.C. Cir.|date=1930|opinion=5163|pinpoint=151-155}}</ref> It launched an experimental FM station, W9XAO, in 1940,<ref name=history>[https://archive.org/details/broadcasting292unse/page/n976/mode/1up "WMFM Changes Its Call Letters For Fourth Time"],''Broadcasting'', December 3, 1945, page 83.</ref> which was licensed as a commercial station in 1941,<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/broadcasting19unse#page/n1074/mode/1up "New FM Call Letters Proposed"], ''Broadcasting'', November 15, 1940, page 77.</ref> originally as W55M, and later becoming WMFM<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6 "Standard Broadcast Station Call Letters for All Outlets Starting Nov. 1, FCC Rule"], ''The Billboard'', September 4, 1943, page 7.</ref> and [[WTMJ-FM]].<ref name=history/> This station was shut down in 1950.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/broadcastingtele51unse_0/page/n463/mode/1up "The Highlights and Sidelights of Radio-TV's Past 25 Years"] (April 3), ''Broadcasting'', October 15, 1956, page 232.</ref> In 1959 a new WTMJ-FM was licensed, which later became WKTI-FM, WLWK-FM, and [[WKTI]]. [[WTMJ-TV]], Wisconsin's first television station, went on the air in 1947.<ref>[https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1947/1947-12-08-BC.pdf#page=89 Milwaukee's Video Outlet Goes On Air"], ''Broadcasting'', December 8, 1947, page 85.</ref>
+===21st century===
-Nieman's successor, [[Harry J. Grant]], introduced an [[employee stock purchase plan]] in 1937 and, as a result, 98% of Journal stock was held by its employees. A small bloc of Journal stock was given to [[Harvard]] College, and funded the [[Nieman Fellowship]] program for promising journalists.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
+[[File:Journal Communications Building Milwaukee Wisconsin.jpg|thumb|The former Journal Communications building]]
+As of mid-2012, the ''Journal Sentinel'' had the 31st-largest circulation among all major U.S. newspapers, with circulation of 207,000 for the daily edition and just under 338,000 for the Sunday edition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Media Outlets, January 2013; U.S. Daily Newspapers |publisher=[[Burrelles]] |url=http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_2013_January2013_Final.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2016 |date=January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207053415/http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_2013_January2013_Final.pdf |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+On April 8, 2016, decades of local ownership for both papers ended when [[Journal Media Group]] was acquired by the Gannett Company for $280 million.<ref name="usatoday.com"/> Gannett owns most of the daily newspapers in the central and eastern parts of Wisconsin (eleven in all),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://urbanmilwaukee.com/2015/10/13/murphys-law-how-gannett-will-shrink-the-journal-sentinel/|title=How Gannett Will Shrink the Journal Sentinel|last=Murphy|first=Bruce|date=13 October 2015|publisher=UrbanMilwaukee.com|access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> including the ''[[Green Bay Press-Gazette]]'' and Appleton's ''[[The Post-Crescent]]''. The ''Journal Sentinel'' has been integrated into the company's "''USA Today'' Network Wisconsin".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/gannett-purchase-of-journal-media-group-approved-b99702350z1-374946801.html|title=Gannett purchase of Journal Media Group approved|last=Gores|first=Paul|date=7 April 2016|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> The ''Journal Sentinel'' also collaborates with the ''Press-Gazette'' for Packers coverage, and adapted to Gannett standards, including newspaper layout, website and apps, in August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/print-and-digital-updates-coming-b99766646z1-388042522.html|title=Editor's Note - Print and digital updates coming|last=Stanley|first=George|date=23 July 2016|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
-Competing with two raucous Hearst papers filled with gossip, features and comic strips, Harry Grant took a more sober approach to news presentation, emphasizing local news. During his years as editor and publisher, the ''Journal'' received several Pulitzers and other awards from its peers; it was under Grant that the ''Journal'' gained a reputation as a leading voice of moderate midwestern liberalism. During the 1950s, the ''Journal'' was outspoken in its opposition to Wisconsin Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] and his search for [[communism|communist]] influence in government, which perhaps inflated the ''Journal''{{'}}s reputation for liberalism.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-At its circulation peak in the early 1960s, the ''Journal'' sold about 400,000 copies daily and 600,000 on Sunday. The ''Journal'' was a Monday-through-Saturday afternoon broadsheet, containing its distinctive [[Green Sheet (Milwaukee Journal)|Green Sheet]], also publishing Sunday mornings. Though circulation had declined from its peak, it still held a rare position for an afternoon paper, dominating its market up until 1995, when the ''Journal'' and ''Sentinel'' were consolidated.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
-===21st century===
-[[File:Journal Communications Building Milwaukee Wisconsin.jpg|thumb|right|The former Journal Communications building]]
-As of mid-2012, the ''Journal Sentinel'' had the 31st-largest circulation among all major U.S. newspapers, with circulation of 207,000 for the daily edition and just under 338,000 for the Sunday edition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Media Outlets, January 2013; U.S. Daily Newspapers |publisher=[[Burrelles]] |url=http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_2013_January2013_Final.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2016 |date=January 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6JMe2WvVV?url=http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_2013_January2013_Final.pdf |archive-date=September 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+In the spring of 2018, the ''Journal Sentinel'' press facility began to print all of Gannett's state papers (it already printed ''[[The Sheboygan Press]]'' and ''USA Today'') replacing the company's Appleton facility.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.postcrescent.com/story/money/2018/01/17/gannett-move-printing-appleton-facility/1039467001/ |title=Gannett to move printing from Appleton facility |work=[[The Post Crescent]] |date=2018-01-17 |access-date=2018-01-18 }}</ref> By 2021, it was reported that about 90% of ''Journal Sentinel'' subscriptions were for its print edition despite a years-long push to increase the number of digital subscribers.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Bruce|title=Murphy's Law: The Journal Sentinel's Drastic Decline|url=https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2021/11/16/murphys-law-the-journal-sentinels-drastic-decline/|date=16 November 2021|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Urban Milwaukee|language=en}}</ref>
-On April 8, 2016, decades of local ownership for both papers ended when [[Journal Media Group]] was acquired by the Gannett Company.<ref name="usatoday.com"/> Gannett owns most of the daily newspapers in the central and eastern parts of Wisconsin (eleven in all),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://urbanmilwaukee.com/2015/10/13/murphys-law-how-gannett-will-shrink-the-journal-sentinel/|title=How Gannett Will Shrink the Journal Sentinel|last=Murphy|first=Bruce|date=13 October 2015|publisher=UrbanMilwaukee.com|access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> including the ''[[Green Bay Press-Gazette]]'' and Appleton's ''[[The Post-Crescent]]''. The ''Journal Sentinel'' has been integrated into the company's "''USA Today'' Network Wisconsin".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/gannett-purchase-of-journal-media-group-approved-b99702350z1-374946801.html|title=Gannett purchase of Journal Media Group approved|last=Gores|first=Paul|date=7 April 2016|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> The ''Journal Sentinel'' also collaborates with the ''Press-Gazette'' for Packers coverage, and adapted to Gannett standards, including newspaper layout, website and apps, in August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/print-and-digital-updates-coming-b99766646z1-388042522.html|title=Editor's Note - Print and digital updates coming|last=Stanley|first=George|date=23 July 2016|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
+In April 2024, the newspaper launched a redesigned Sunday edition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borowski |first=Greg |date=April 26, 2024 |title=We're bringing you a bigger, bolder and better Sunday print edition |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/columnists/2024/04/26/milwaukee-journal-sentinel-redesigns-sunday-print-edition/73386228007/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref>
-In the spring of 2018, the ''Journal Sentinel'' press facility began to print all of Gannett's state papers (it already printed ''[[The Sheboygan Press]]'' and ''USA Today'') replacing the company's Appleton facility.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.postcrescent.com/story/money/2018/01/17/gannett-move-printing-appleton-facility/1039467001/ |title=Gannett to move printing from Appleton facility |work=[[The Post Crescent]] |date=2018-01-17 |access-date=2018-01-18 }}</ref> By 2021, it was reported that about 90% of ''Journal Sentinel'' subscriptions were for its print edition despite a years-long push to increase the number of digital subscribers.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Bruce|title=Murphy's Law: The Journal Sentinel’s Drastic Decline|url=https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2021/11/16/murphys-law-the-journal-sentinels-drastic-decline/|date=16 November 2021|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Urban Milwaukee|language=en}}</ref>
 ==Awards==
-''The Milwaukee Journal'' and the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' have received eight [[Pulitzer Prize]]s:
+''The Milwaukee Journal'' and the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' have received [[Pulitzer Prize]]s:
-In 1919, ''The Milwaukee Journal'' won the award for public service because of its stand against Germany in World War I.
 In 1934, cartoonist [[Ross A. Lewis]] won for his cartoon on labor-industry violence, "[[:File:Sure, I'll Work for Both Sides.jpg|Sure, I'll Work for Both Sides]]".<ref>{{Cite news|date=1977-08-09|title=ROSS LEWIS|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/09/archives/ross-lewis.html|access-date=2021-10-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-In 1953, business desk reporter Austin C. Wehrwein won for international reporting with the series of stories "Canada's New Century."
 In 1966, the series "Pollution: The Spreading Menace" garnered the award for public service.<ref>Bednarek, David J. "Journal won esteemed Pulitzer Prize 5 times," ''The Milwaukee Journal'', 31 March 1995: SS14.</ref>
@@ Line 121: / Line 89: @@
 ===Other awards===
-In 1965 the paper's [[women's section]] won the [[Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Awards|Penney-Missouri Award]] for General Excellence.<ref name="TD28dec65">{{cite web |title=The T-D's It's A Woman's World Wins Top National Prize |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26586459/quadcity_times_28dec1965p1/ |publisher=Times Democrat |access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref>
+In 1965 the paper's [[women's section]] won the [[Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Awards|Penney-Missouri Award]] for General Excellence.<ref name="TD28dec65">{{cite news |title=The T-D's It's A Woman's World Wins Top National Prize |newspaper=Quad-City Times |date=December 28, 1965 |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26586459/quadcity_times_28dec1965p1/ |publisher=Times Democrat |access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref>
-== Archives ==
+==Archives==
 In 2008, Google published the newspaper's archives as part of an initiative to digitize historical newspapers. Though the initiative ended in 2011, the archives remain accessible. The Milwaukee digitization used microfilm that had been scanned for [[ProQuest]]'s database. At the ''Journal Sentinel''{{'s}} request, the [[Milwaukee Public Library]] loaned decades of missing microfilm volumes to complete the digitization. When Google's project ended, the newspaper began the process of creating its own archive via its relationship with [[Newsbank]].{{r|vanished}}
-Newsbank unsuccessfully attempted to sell ''Journal Sentinel'' digital archive access to the Milwaukee Public Library, which could not afford their asking price. The Library already subscribed to Newsbank's obituary and recent ''Journal Sentinel'' articles, as well as other proprietary databases with annual subscriptions costing less than $100,000. In May 2014, Newsbank suggested several purchase options, one of which was $1.5 million, which would have consumed nearly all of the library's $1.7 million materials budget. The newspaper changed ownership to Gannett in April and by August had requested that Google remove free public access to the archives, leaving a gap in coverage.<ref name=vanished>{{Cite news| issn = 1091-2339| last = Grabar| first = Henry| title = Why Milwaukee’s Online Newspaper Archive Vanished Overnight| work = Slate| accessdate = 2021-12-29| date = 2016-08-24| url = https://slate.com/technology/2016/08/milwaukee-journal-sentinel-archive-vanishes-from-googles-news-archive.html}}</ref> Google Newspapers access was restored in December 2017,<ref>{{Cite web| last = Nickels| first = Craig| title = Milwaukee Journal and Sentinel newspaper archives are back on the Web| work = Milwaukee Journal Sentinel| accessdate = 2021-12-29| date = 2017-12-20| url = https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/milwaukee/2017/12/20/milwaukee-journal-sentinel-newspaper-archives-back-web/970727001/}}</ref> but digital access continued to be sporadic over the next several years.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Horne| first = Michael| title = Plenty of Horne: Journal and Sentinel Archives Threatened| work = Urban Milwaukee| accessdate = 2021-12-29| date = 2020-02-10| url = https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2020/02/10/plenty-of-horne-journal-and-sentinel-archives-threatened/}}</ref>
+Newsbank unsuccessfully attempted to sell ''Journal Sentinel'' digital archive access to the Milwaukee Public Library, which could not afford their asking price. The Library already subscribed to Newsbank's obituary and recent ''Journal Sentinel'' articles, as well as other proprietary databases with annual subscriptions costing less than $100,000. In May 2014, Newsbank suggested several purchase options, one of which was $1.5 million, which would have consumed nearly all of the library's $1.7 million materials budget. The newspaper changed ownership to Gannett in April and by August had requested that Google remove free public access to the archives, leaving a gap in coverage.<ref name=vanished>{{Cite news| issn = 1091-2339| last = Grabar| first = Henry| title = Why Milwaukee's Online Newspaper Archive Vanished Overnight| work = Slate| accessdate = 2021-12-29| date = 2016-08-24| url = https://slate.com/technology/2016/08/milwaukee-journal-sentinel-archive-vanishes-from-googles-news-archive.html}}</ref> Google Newspapers access was restored in December 2017,<ref>{{Cite web| last = Nickels| first = Craig| title = Milwaukee Journal and Sentinel newspaper archives are back on the Web| work = Milwaukee Journal Sentinel| accessdate = 2021-12-29| date = 2017-12-20| url = https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/milwaukee/2017/12/20/milwaukee-journal-sentinel-newspaper-archives-back-web/970727001/}}</ref> but digital access continued to be sporadic over the next several years.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Horne| first = Michael| title = Plenty of Horne: Journal and Sentinel Archives Threatened| work = Urban Milwaukee| accessdate = 2021-12-29| date = 2020-02-10| url = https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2020/02/10/plenty-of-horne-journal-and-sentinel-archives-threatened/}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 134: / Line 101: @@
 ==Bibliography==
 * Conrad, Will C., Kathleen Wilson, and Dale Wilson (1964). ''The Milwaukee Journal: The First Eighty Years''. [[University of Wisconsin Press]].
-** Review by [[Scott Cutlip]] (Fall 1964). "Portrait Without Blemishes", ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]'', pp. 42–43.
+** Review by [[Scott Cutlip]] (Fall 1964). "Portrait Without Blemishes", ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]'', pp.&nbsp;42–43.
 * Wells, Robert W. (1981). ''The Milwaukee Journal: An Informal Chronicle of its First 100 Years''. Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Journal.
@@ Line 146: / Line 113: @@
 {{PulitzerPrize PublicService 1918–1925}}
 {{PulitzerPrize PublicService 1951–1975}}
-{{Authority control}}
+{{authority control}}
-[[Category:Newspapers published in Wisconsin]]
+[[Category:1837 establishments in Wisconsin Territory]]
-[[Category:Mass media in Milwaukee]]
 [[Category:Gannett publications]]
-[[Category:Pulitzer Prize-winning newspapers]]
+[[Category:Mass media in Milwaukee]]
 [[Category:Newspapers established in 1837|Milwaukee Sentinel]]
-[[Category:Publications established in 1882|Milwaukee Journal]]
+[[Category:Newspapers published in Wisconsin]]
-[[Category:Publications established in 1995]]
+[[Category:Newspapers established in 1882|Milwaukee Journal]]
-[[Category:1837 establishments in Wisconsin Territory]]
+[[Category:Newspapers established in 1995]]
 [[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Public Service winners]]
-[[Category:Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Award winners]]
+[[Category:Pulitzer Prize–winning newspapers]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany United States