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Coordinates: 50°26′31″N 16°54′57″E / 50.44194°N 16.91583°E / 50.44194; 16.91583
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name=Bílá Voda
| name = Bílá Voda
| other_name =
|settlement_type=Municipality
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]]
|image_skyline=Bílá Voda.jpg
<!-- images -->
|image_caption=Former Piarist college and Visitation Church
| image_skyline = Bílá-Voda-klášter2014k.jpg
|image_shield=Bílá_Voda_znak.png
| image_caption = Former Piarist college and Church of the Visitation of Our Lady
|image_flag=Vlajka obce Bílá Voda.gif
| image_flag = Vlajka obce Bílá Voda.gif
|subdivision_type=Country
| image_shield = Bílá_Voda_znak.png
|subdivision_name={{CZE}}
<!-- location -->
|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name1=[[Olomouc Region|Olomouc]]
| subdivision_name = {{CZE}}
|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
|subdivision_name2=[[Jeseník District|Jeseník]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Olomouc Region|Olomouc]]
|coordinates = {{coord|50|26|31|N|16|54|56|E|region:CZ|display=inline,title}}
|pushpin_map=Czech Republic|area_total_km2=14.98
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jeseník District|Jeseník]]
|population_total=282|population_as_of=2006
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
|population_density_km2=auto
| image_map =
|elevation_m=305
| map_caption =
|postal_code_type=Postal code|postal_code=790 69
| pushpin_map = Czech Republic
|website=http://www.bilavoda.cz
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates = {{coord|50|26|31|N|16|54|57|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
<!-- established -->
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1532
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 14.99
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 305
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_total = 327
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 790 69
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{URL|https://www.bilavoda.cz/}}
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Bílá Voda''' ({{lang-de|Weißwasser/Märkirsch Weißwasser}}, {{lang-pl|Biała Woda}}, all meaning "white water") is a village and municipality (''[[obec]]'') in [[Jeseník District]] in the [[Olomouc Region]] of the Czech Republic. The municipality covers an area of {{convert|14.98|km2|sqmi}}, and has a population of 282 (as at 2&nbsp;October 2006).
'''Bílá Voda''' ({{langx|de|Weißwasser}}, {{langx|pl|Biała Woda}}) is a municipality and village in [[Jeseník District]] in the [[Olomouc Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 300 inhabitants.


==Etymology==
Bílá Voda lies on the northern slope of the [[Golden Mountains (Sudetes)|Golden Mountains]] range of the [[Eastern Sudetes|Eastern]] [[Sudetes]], at the westernmost point of the [[Czech Silesia]] region, close to the [[Poland|Polish]] border at [[Złoty Stok]]. It is located approximately {{convert|31|km|mi|0}} north-west of [[Jeseník]], {{convert|98|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Olomouc]], and {{convert|182|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Prague]]. In the east it borders the municipal area of [[Javorník (Jeseník District)|Javorník]]. The village is named after the Bílá Voda mountain stream, a tributary of the [[Nysa Kłodzka]] river and part of the [[Oder]] basin. About two thirds of the municipal area are covered with forests.
Bílá Voda is named after the eponymous creek in the village. The name literally means "white water".
[[File:Pałac Bílá Voda.jpg|thumb|left|Bílá Voda Palace]]

The settlement in the Silesian [[Duchy of Nysa]] was probably founded with Bílá Voda Castle in the 13th century. From 1507 onwards the [[Prince-Bishop]]s of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Wrocław]] had the castle rebuilt as a summer palace. ''Weißwasser'' was first mentioned in a 1532 deed. Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn, the later [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc|Bishop of Olomouc]], established a [[Piarists|Piarist]] college on his inherited Bílá Voda estates in 1723, a response to the 1707 [[Treaty of Altranstädt (1707)|Convention of Altranstädt]] granting religious freedom to the Silesian [[Protestantism|Protestants]]. When the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] king [[Frederick the Great]] conquered most of Silesia in 1742, the Duchy of Nysa was divided and Bílá Voda became a border town of [[Austrian Silesia]], after World War I part of the newly established state of [[Czechoslovakia]]. In 1930, Bílá Voda had a population of 1104, of which 941 were [[German language|German]]-speaking. Upon the 1938 [[Munich Agreement]] the area was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and incorporated into the ''[[Reichsgau]]'' [[Sudetenland]]. After 1945 the German population was [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] according to the [[Beneš decrees]].
==Geography==
Bílá Voda is located about {{convert|31|km}} northwest of [[Jeseník]] and {{convert|98|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Olomouc]], on the border with [[Poland]]. It is located at the westernmost point of the historical region of [[Czech Silesia]].

Bílá Voda lies in the northern part of the [[Golden Mountains (Sudetes)|Golden Mountains]]. The highest point is the mountain Javorník at {{convert|768|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Bílá voda Creek, a tributary of the [[Eastern Neisse]]. About two thirds of the municipal territory are covered with forests.

==History==
[[File:Pałac Bílá Voda.jpg|thumb|Bílá Voda Castle, today a psychiatric hospital]]
A village named ''Wyssoka'' was documented in the area in 1267–1271, however, it was later abandoned. The village of Bílá Voda was founded probably by the [[Schaffgotsch family]] on its site in around 1532. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], Bílá Voda was desolated. It was inherited by the [[Kłodzko Land|Kłodzko]] branch of the [[House of Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein family]] in 1687.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Obec|url=https://www.bilavoda.cz/obec-7/|publisher=Obec Bílá Voda|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-01}}</ref>

[[Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn]], the later [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc|Bishop of Olomouc]], established here a [[Piarists|Piarist]] college in 1723. As a result of the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], in 1742 most of Silesia was separated from the [[Habsburg monarchy]]. Although Bílá Voda became the place of signing the protocol on the division of Silesia, it turned into a border village of the Bohemian Kingdom within [[Austrian Silesia]], limited on almost all sides by state borders. The Piarist college was abolished in 1829.<ref name=history/>

In 1850, Bílá Voda was incorporated directly into the Bohemian Kingdom, and after [[World War I]] it became part of the newly established state of [[Czechoslovakia]].

Upon the 1938 [[Munich Agreement]] the area was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and incorporated into the [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. During [[World War II]], the Germans operated the E200 [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] subcamp of the [[Stalag VIII-B|Stalag VIII-B/344]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] for [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] POWs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Working Parties|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|website=lamsdorf.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|access-date=2021-11-12|archive-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> and a [[List of subcamps of Gross-Rosen|subcamp]] of the [[Gross-Rosen concentration camp]] for [[Jews|Jewish]] women in the village.<ref>{{cite web |title=Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen|url=https://en.gross-rosen.eu/historia-kl-gross-rosen/filie-obozu-gross-rosen/|publisher=Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica|access-date=2021-11-13}}</ref> In 1945, following Germany's defeat in the war, the municipality was restored to [[Czechoslovakia]]. After 1945, the German population was [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] according to the [[Beneš decrees]] and [[Potsdam Agreement]].

Due to the remote location of the municipality, resettling of Bílá Voda after the war was difficult. From 1951 to 1989, the municipality was used for the internment of nuns from all over the country. Gradually, perhaps the largest ecclesial community in Europe gathered here, numbering up to 450 nuns at a time; gradually about 1,000 nuns lived here. The gradual departure of the nuns after 1989 caused a further decline of the population of Bílá Voda.<ref name=history/><ref name=sights>{{cite web |title=Pamětihodnosti obce a blízké okolí|url=https://www.bilavoda.cz/obec-7/pametihodnosti-obce-a-blizke-okoli/pametihodnosti-obce-a-blizke-okoli-104cs.html|publisher=Obec Bílá Voda|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-01}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|1475
|1880|1470
|1890|1330
|1900|1277
|1910|1166
|1921|1182
|1930|1104
|1950|465
|1961|673
|1970|539
|1980|588
|1991|546
|2001|316
|2011|460
|2021|370
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Transport==
The Czech-Polish road border crossing ''Bílá Voda / [[Złoty Stok]]'' is located in the municipality.

==Sights==
The most important historical monuments is the former Piarist college and its Church of the Visitation of Our Lady. The church was originally built in 1602–1604 and rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1777.<ref name=sights/>

The knight's residence, which was completed by Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn in the 18th century, houses today a psychiatric hospital.<ref name=sights/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.olomouc.czso.cz/lexikon/mos_vdb.nsf/okresy/CZ0712/ Olomouc Regional Statistical Office: Municipalities of Jeseník District]

==External links==
{{commons category|Bílá Voda}}
*{{official|https://www.bilavoda.cz/}}


{{Jeseník District}}
{{Jeseník District}}


{{authority control}}
{{commons category|Bílá Voda}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bila Voda}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bila Voda}}
[[Category:Villages in Jeseník District]]
[[Category:Villages in Jeseník District]]
[[Category:Czech Silesia]]

Latest revision as of 12:30, 27 October 2024

Bílá Voda
Municipality
Former Piarist college and Church of the Visitation of Our Lady
Former Piarist college and Church of the Visitation of Our Lady
Flag of Bílá Voda
Flag
Coat of arms of Bílá Voda
Coat of arms
Bílá Voda is located in Czech Republic
Bílá Voda
Bílá Voda
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°26′31″N 16°54′57″E / 50.44194°N 16.91583°E / 50.44194; 16.91583
Country Czech Republic
RegionOlomouc
DistrictJeseník
First mentioned1532
Area
 • Total
14.99 km2 (5.79 sq mi)
Elevation
305 m (1,001 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
327
 • Density22/km2 (56/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
790 69
Websitewww.bilavoda.cz

Bílá Voda (German: Weißwasser, Polish: Biała Woda) is a municipality and village in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Etymology

[edit]

Bílá Voda is named after the eponymous creek in the village. The name literally means "white water".

Geography

[edit]

Bílá Voda is located about 31 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Jeseník and 98 km (61 mi) north of Olomouc, on the border with Poland. It is located at the westernmost point of the historical region of Czech Silesia.

Bílá Voda lies in the northern part of the Golden Mountains. The highest point is the mountain Javorník at 768 m (2,520 ft) above sea level. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Bílá voda Creek, a tributary of the Eastern Neisse. About two thirds of the municipal territory are covered with forests.

History

[edit]
Bílá Voda Castle, today a psychiatric hospital

A village named Wyssoka was documented in the area in 1267–1271, however, it was later abandoned. The village of Bílá Voda was founded probably by the Schaffgotsch family on its site in around 1532. During the Thirty Years' War, Bílá Voda was desolated. It was inherited by the Kłodzko branch of the Liechtenstein family in 1687.[2]

Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn, the later Bishop of Olomouc, established here a Piarist college in 1723. As a result of the War of the Austrian Succession, in 1742 most of Silesia was separated from the Habsburg monarchy. Although Bílá Voda became the place of signing the protocol on the division of Silesia, it turned into a border village of the Bohemian Kingdom within Austrian Silesia, limited on almost all sides by state borders. The Piarist college was abolished in 1829.[2]

In 1850, Bílá Voda was incorporated directly into the Bohemian Kingdom, and after World War I it became part of the newly established state of Czechoslovakia.

Upon the 1938 Munich Agreement the area was annexed by Nazi Germany and incorporated into the Reichsgau Sudetenland. During World War II, the Germans operated the E200 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs,[3] and a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp for Jewish women in the village.[4] In 1945, following Germany's defeat in the war, the municipality was restored to Czechoslovakia. After 1945, the German population was expelled according to the Beneš decrees and Potsdam Agreement.

Due to the remote location of the municipality, resettling of Bílá Voda after the war was difficult. From 1951 to 1989, the municipality was used for the internment of nuns from all over the country. Gradually, perhaps the largest ecclesial community in Europe gathered here, numbering up to 450 nuns at a time; gradually about 1,000 nuns lived here. The gradual departure of the nuns after 1989 caused a further decline of the population of Bílá Voda.[2][5]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18691,475—    
18801,470−0.3%
18901,330−9.5%
19001,277−4.0%
19101,166−8.7%
YearPop.±%
19211,182+1.4%
19301,104−6.6%
1950465−57.9%
1961673+44.7%
1970539−19.9%
YearPop.±%
1980588+9.1%
1991546−7.1%
2001316−42.1%
2011460+45.6%
2021370−19.6%
Source: Censuses[6][7]

Transport

[edit]

The Czech-Polish road border crossing Bílá Voda / Złoty Stok is located in the municipality.

Sights

[edit]

The most important historical monuments is the former Piarist college and its Church of the Visitation of Our Lady. The church was originally built in 1602–1604 and rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1777.[5]

The knight's residence, which was completed by Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn in the 18th century, houses today a psychiatric hospital.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ a b c "Obec" (in Czech). Obec Bílá Voda. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  3. ^ "Working Parties". lamsdorf.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  4. ^ "Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen". Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
  5. ^ a b c "Pamětihodnosti obce a blízké okolí" (in Czech). Obec Bílá Voda. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  6. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  7. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
[edit]
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