Jump to content

Beta Virginis: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: Sky map 11h 50m 41.71824s, +01° 45′ 52.9910″
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,695,952 edits
m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);
 
(97 intermediate revisions by 59 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Star in the constellation Virgo}}
{{Sky|11|50|41.71824|+|01|45|52.9910}}
{{Starbox begin
{{Starbox begin
|name = Beta Virginis
| name = β Virginis<br/>(Zavijava)
}}
}}
{{Starbox image
{{Starbox image
| image =
| image =
{{Location mark
<div style="position: relative">[[File:Virgo IAU.svg|250px|alt=Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Virgo constellation and its surroundings]]
|image=Virgo constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
<div style="position: absolute; left: 80.3%; top: 36.6%;">[[File:Cercle rouge 100%.svg|12px]]</div>
|label=|position=right
</div>
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=β Virginis
| caption=Location of β Virginis (circled)
|x=882|y=416
}}
| caption = Location of β Virginis (circled)
}}
}}
{{Starbox observe
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| epoch = J2000
| ra = {{RA|11|50|41.71824}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| ra = {{RA|11|50|41.71824}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec = {{DEC|+1|45|52.9910}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec = {{DEC|+01|45|52.9910}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| appmag_v = 3.604<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| appmag_v = 3.604<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| constell = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
| constell = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
}}
}}
{{Starbox character
{{Starbox character
| class = F9&nbsp;V<ref name=araa11_29/>
| type = [[Main sequence]]<ref name=North_et_al_2009/> turnoff<ref name="howes"/>
| b-v = +0.553<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| class = F9&nbsp;V<ref name=araa11_29/>
| u-b = +0.090<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| b-v = +0.553<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| u-b = +0.090<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| variable =
| variable =
}}
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = +4.1<ref name=aaa501_3_941/>
| radial_v = +4.1<ref name=aaa501_3_941/>
| prop_mo_ra = +740.23<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_ra = +740.23<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = -270.43<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = −270.43<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax = 91.50
| parallax = 91.50
| p_error = 0.22
| p_error = 0.22
| parallax_footnote =<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax_footnote =<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| absmag_v = 3.41<ref name=aaa501_3_941/>
| absmag_v = 3.41<ref name=aaa501_3_941/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
{{Starbox detail
| mass = 3.3 Gabens
| mass = {{val|1.413|0.061}}<ref name=North_et_al_2009/>
| radius = {{nowrap|1.681 ± 0.008}}<ref name=apj746_1_101/>
| radius = {{val|1.681|0.008}}<ref name=Boyajian_et_al_2012/>
| luminosity = {{nowrap|3.572 ± 0.052}}<ref name=apj746_1_101/>
| luminosity = {{val|3.572|0.052}}<ref name=Boyajian_et_al_2012/>
| temperature = {{nowrap|6,132 ± 26}}<ref name=apj746_1_101/>
| temperature = {{val|6132|26|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Boyajian_et_al_2012/>
| metal_fe = 0.20<ref name="aaa65"/>
| metal_fe = 0.20<ref name=Gehren1978/>
| gravity = 4.25<ref name="aaa65"/>
| gravity = {{val|4.125|0.010}}<ref name=North_et_al_2009/>
| rotational_velocity = 4.3<ref name="na10"/>
| rotational_velocity = 4.3<ref name=Carrier_et_al_2005/>
| age_gyr = {{nowrap|2.9 ± 0.3}}<ref name=aaa501_3_941/>
| age_gyr = {{nowrap|2.9 ± 0.3}},<ref name=aaa501_3_941/> {{nowrap|~3.3}}<ref name="howes"/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox catalog
{{Starbox catalog
| names = Zavijava, Zavijah, Alaraph, Minelauva, 5 Virginis, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]] +02°2489, [[FK5]] 445, [[Henry L. Giclas catalogue|Gl]] 449, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 102870, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 57757, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 4540, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 119076.<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| names = {{odlist | name=Zavijava | name2=Zavijah | name3=Alaraph | name4=Minelauva | B=β&nbsp;Vir | F=5&nbsp;Virginis | BD=+02°2489 | FK5=445 | Gl=449 | HD=102870 | HIP=57757 | HR=4540 | SAO=119076 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox reference
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = HD+102870
| Simbad = HD+102870
| ARICNS = 00916
| ARICNS = 00916
}}
}}
{{Starbox end}}
{{Starbox end}}


'''Beta Virginis''', a name [[Romanization of Greek|Latinised]] from '''β Virginis''', is a [[star]] in the [[celestial equator|equatorial]] [[constellation]] of [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. It has the proper name '''Zavijava''' ({{IPAc-en|,|z|æ|v|I|'|dZ|æ|v|@}}),<ref name=Kunitzsch2006/><ref name=Davis1944/><ref name="IAU-CSN"/> and, despite its designation '[[beta]]', is the fifth-brightest star in Virgo with an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 3.604.<ref name=apjs15_459/> The distance to this star is around 35.7&nbsp;[[light-year]]s based on [[stellar parallax|parallax]];<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> it is drifting further away with a [[radial velocity]] of +4.1&nbsp;km/s.<ref name=aaa501_3_941/> It is 0.69 of a degree north of the [[ecliptic]], so it can be [[Occultation|occulted]] by the [[Moon]] and (rarely) by [[planet]]s. The next planetary occultation of Beta Virginis will take place on 09 november 2210, by [[Venus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SolexHeading |url=http://www.solexorb.it/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.solexorb.it}}</ref>
'''Beta Virginis''' (β Vir, β Virginis, β /v/) is a [[star]] in the [[constellation]] [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. It has the traditional names '''Zavijava''' (also '''Zavijah''') and '''Alaraph'''.<ref>Atlas of the Heavens, part II, catalogue, Antonín Bečvář</ref> Despite being the ''beta'' star of the constellation Virgo it is only the fifth star in order of brightness.


==Properties ==
Physically, Beta Virginis is larger and more massive than [[Gabe Newell]], and is comparatively metal-rich (that is, it has a higher preponderance of elements heavier than helium).<ref name="aaa65">{{cite journal
|author=Gehren, T.
|title=On the chemical composition and age of Beta VIR
|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=1978
|volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=427–433
|bibcode=1978A&A....65..427G}}</ref>


This is an [[F-type main-sequence star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of F9&nbsp;V,<ref name=araa11_29/> which means it is generating energy through [[stellar core|core]] [[hydrogen fusion]]. [[Solar oscillation|Sun-like oscillations]] have been detected in Beta Virginis, allowing its internal structure to be modeled in more detail.<ref name=Eggenberger_Carrier_2006/> It is around 2.9<ref name=aaa501_3_941/> to 3.3<ref name="howes" />&nbsp;billion years old with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of 4.3&nbsp;km/s<ref name=Carrier_et_al_2005/> and appears to be near the end of its [[main sequence]] lifetime.<ref name=North_et_al_2009/><ref name="howes">{{Cite journal |last1=Howes |first1=Louise M. |last2=Lindegren |first2=Lennart |last3=Feltzing |first3=Sofia |last4=Church |first4=Ross P. |last5=Bensby |first5=Thomas |date=2019-02-01 |title=Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry: successes and shortcomings |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2019/02/aa33280-18/aa33280-18.html |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |language=en |volume=622 |pages=A27 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201833280 |issn=0004-6361|arxiv=1804.08321 |bibcode=2019A&A...622A..27H }}</ref> Larger and more massive than the Sun, it is comparatively [[metal-rich]] (that is, it has a higher preponderance of elements heavier than [[helium]]).<ref name=Gehren1978/> It is radiating 3.6<ref name=Boyajian_et_al_2012/> times the [[luminosity of the Sun]] from its [[photosphere]] at an [[effective temperature]] of {{val|6132|fmt=commas|ul=K}}.<ref name=Boyajian_et_al_2012/>
Since it is close to the [[ecliptic]], it can be [[Occultation|occulted]] by the [[Moon]] and (very rarely) by [[planet]]s. The next planetary [[occultation]] of Zavijava will take place on 11 August 2069, by [[Venus]]. Another worthwhile point is that another star, VidyaVirginis shows remarkably similar properties to BetaVirginis.


According to Nelson & Angel (1998),<ref name=Nelson_Angel_1998/> Beta Virginis could host two or three [[jovian planet]]s in wide orbits. The authors have set an upper limit of 1.9, 5 and 23 [[Jupiter mass]]es for the putative planets with orbital periods of 15, 25 and 50 years, respectively. Also Campbell et al. 1988<ref name=Murdoch_et_al_1993/> inferred the existence of planetary objects or even [[brown dwarf]]s around Beta Virginis. However, more recent studies have not confirmed the existence of any [[substellar companion]] around Beta Virginis yet. [[McDonald Observatory]] team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets<ref name=Wittenmyer_et_al_2006/> with masses between 0.16 and 4.2 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 [[astronomical unit]]s.
This was the star Einstein used during the solar eclipse of September 11, 2001, to determine the freedom of Iraq in space,{{Dubious|date=March 2012}} as it was close to the Sun.<!-- Are you sure this wasn't a test of General Relativity? -->


==Etymology==
==Nomenclature==
The medieval name Zavijava (Zavijah, Zavyava, Zawijah) is from the Arabic زاوية العواء ''zāwiyat al-<sup>c</sup>awwa’'' "Corner of the barking (dog)". Another name was Bazinga.


''β Virginis'' ([[Latinisation of names|Latinised]] to ''Beta Virginis'') is the star's [[Bayer designation]].
== Hunt for substellar objects ==
According to Nelson & Angel (1998),<ref name="1998ApJ">[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...500..940N The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions]</ref> Beta Virgins could host two or three [[jovian planets]] in wide orbits. The authors have set an upper limit of 1.9, 5 and 23 [[Jupiter masses]] for the putative planets with orbital periods of 15, 25 and 50 years respectively. Also Tacobell et al. 1988<ref name="substellar" >[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ApJ...413..349M A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars]</ref> inferred the existence of planetary objects or even [[brown dwarfs]] around Beta Virginis.
However more recent studies have not confirmed the existence of any substellar companion around Beta Virgins yet. [[McDonald Observatory]] team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets <ref name="Limits" >[http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604171 Detection Limits from the McDonalds Observatory Planet Search Program]</ref> with masses between 0.16 and 4.2 [[Jupiter masses]] and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 [[Astronomical Units]].


It bore the traditional names ''Zavijava'' (also ''Zavijah'', ''Zavyava'' and ''Zawijah'') and ''Alaraph''.<ref>Atlas of the Heavens, part II, catalogue, Antonín Bečvář</ref> ''Zavijava'' is from the [[Arabic]] ''زاوية العواء'' ''zāwiyat al-<sup>c</sup>awwa’'' 'corner of the barking (dog)'. In 2016, the [[International Astronomical Union]] organized a [[Working Group on Star Names]] (WGSN)<ref name="WGSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name ''Zavijava'' for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.<ref name="IAU-CSN"/>
== In fiction ==
* Beta Virginis was the original destination of the Bussard scoopship ''Leonora Christine'' in Poul Anderson's [[Tau Zero]].


In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|太微右垣}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán}}), meaning ''[[Supreme Palace enclosure|Right Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure]]'', refers to an [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] consisting of Beta Virginis, [[Sigma Leonis]], [[Iota Leonis]], [[Theta Leonis]] and [[Delta Leonis]].<ref>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref> Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for Beta Virginis itself is {{lang|zh|太微右垣一}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán yī}}, {{langx|en|Supreme Palace Enclosure Right Wall One}}),<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819122914/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm |date=2010-08-19 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref> representing {{lang|zh|右執法}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Yòuzhífǎ}}), meaning ''The Right Law Administrator''.<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#SupremePalaceEnclosure English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810114313/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm |date=2010-08-10 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref> 右執法 (Yòuzhífǎ), spelled ''Yew Chi Fa'' by R.H. Allen, means "the Right-hand Maintainer of Law".<ref name=Allen1963/>
==References==


==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=


<ref name=Nelson_Angel_1998>{{cite journal
<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen | year=2007 | month=November | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 }}</ref>
| title=The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions
| last1=Nelson | first1=A. F. | last2=Angel | first2=J. R. P.
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=500 | issue=2 | pages=940–957 | date=June 1998
| arxiv=astro-ph/9802194 | bibcode=1998ApJ...500..940N
| doi=10.1086/305741 | s2cid=5533361 }}</ref>


<ref name=Murdoch_et_al_1993>{{cite journal
<ref name="na10">{{cite journal | last1=Carrier | first1=F. | last2=Eggenberger | first2=P. | last3=D'Alessandro | first3=A. | last4=Weber | first4=L. | title=Solar-like oscillations in the F9 V &beta; Virginis | journal=New Astronomy |year=2005 |volume=10 | issue=4 |pages=315–323 | url=http://www.citebase.org/fulltext?format=application%2Fpdf&identifier=oai%3AarXiv.org%3Aastro-ph%2F0502014 | accessdate=2007-06-05 | doi=10.1016/j.newast.2004.11.003 | arxiv=astro-ph/0502014 | bibcode=2005NewA...10..315C }}</ref>
| title=A Search for Substellar Companions to Southern Solar-Type Stars
| display-authors=1 | last1=Murdoch | first1=Kaylene A.
| last2=Hearnshaw | first2=J. B. | last3=Clark | first3=M.
| journal=Astrophysical Journal
| volume=413 | page=349 | date=August 1993
| doi=10.1086/173003 | bibcode=1993ApJ...413..349M }}</ref>


<ref name=Wittenmyer_et_al_2006>{{cite journal
<ref name=apj746_1_101>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Boyajian | first1=Tabetha S. | last2=McAlister | first2=Harold A. | last3=van Belle | first3=Gerard | last4=Gies | first4=Douglas R. | last5=ten Brummelaar | first5=Theo A. | last6=von Braun | first6=Kaspar | last7=Farrington | first7=Chris | last8=Goldfinger | first8=P. J. | last9=O'Brien | first9=David | last10=Parks | first10=J. Robert | last11=Richardson | first11=Noel D. | last12=Ridgway | first12=Stephen | last13=Schaefer | first13=Gail | last14=Sturmann | first14=Laszlo | last15=Sturmann | first15=Judit | last16=Touhami | first16=Yamina | last17=Turner | first17=Nils H. | last18=White | first18=Russel | title=Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. I. Main-sequence A, F, and G Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=746 | issue=1 | page=101 | month=February | year=2012 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/101 | bibcode=2012ApJ...746..101B }}. See Table 10.</ref>
| title=Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program
| display-authors=1 | last1=Wittenmyer | first1=Robert A.
| last2=Endl | first2=Michael | last3=Cochran | first3=William D.
| last4=Hatzes | first4=Artie P. | last5=Walker | first5=G. A. H.
| last6=Yang | first6=S. L. S. | last7=Paulson | first7=Diane B.
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=132 | issue=1 | pages=177–188 | date=July 2006
| arxiv=astro-ph/0604171 | bibcode=2006AJ....132..177W
| doi=10.1086/504942 | s2cid=16755455 }}</ref>


<ref name=Eggenberger_Carrier_2006>{{cite journal
<ref name=araa11_29>{{citation | last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C. | title=Spectral Classification | journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=11 | issue=1 | page=29 | year=1973 | doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 | bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}</ref>
| title=Modeling β Virginis using seismological data
| last1=Eggenberger | first1=P. | last2=Carrier | first2=F.
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=449 | issue=1 | date=April 2006 | pages=293–303
| arxiv=astro-ph/0602279 | bibcode=2006A&A...449..293E
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20052882 | s2cid=11962689 }}</ref>


<ref name=Carrier_et_al_2005>{{cite journal
<ref name=aaa501_3_941>{{citation | last1=Holmberg | first1=J. | last2=Nordström | first2=B. | last3=Andersen | first3=J. | title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=501 | issue=3 | pages=941–947 | month=July | year=2009 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811191 | bibcode=2009A&A...501..941H }}</ref>
| title=Solar-like oscillations in the F9 V β Virginis
| last1=Carrier | first1=F. | last2=Eggenberger | first2=P.
| last3=D'Alessandro | first3=A. | last4=Weber | first4=L.
| display-authors=1 | journal=New Astronomy
| year=2005 | volume=10 | issue=4 | pages=315–323
| doi=10.1016/j.newast.2004.11.003 | arxiv=astro-ph/0502014 | bibcode=2005NewA...10..315C
| s2cid=17064311 }}</ref>


<ref name=North_et_al_2009>{{cite journal
<ref name=apjs15_459>{{citation | last1=Gutierrez-Moreno | first1=Adelina | last2=Moreno | first2=Hugo | title=A photometric investigation of the Scorpio-Centaurus association | journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement | volume=15 | page=459 | year=1968 | month=June | bibcode=1968ApJS...15..459G | doi=10.1086/190168 }}</ref>
| title=The radius and other fundamental parameters of the F9V star β Virginis
| display-authors=1 | last1=North | first1=J. R.
| last2=Davis | first2=J. | last3=Robertson | first3=J. G.
| last4=Bedding | first4=T. R. | last5=Bruntt | first5=H.
| last6=Ireland | first6=M. J. | last7=Jacob | first7=A. P.
| last8=Lacour | first8=S. | last9=O'Byrne | first9=J. W.
| last10=Owens | first10=S. M. | last11=Stello | first11=D.
| last12=Tango | first12=W. J. | last13=Tuthill | first13=P. G.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=393 | issue=1 | pages=245–252 | date=February 2009
| arxiv=0811.1804 | bibcode=2009MNRAS.393..245N
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14216.x | doi-access=free | s2cid=14817266 }}</ref>


<ref name=Boyajian_et_al_2012>{{citation
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=LHS 2465 -- High proper-motion Star | work=SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Beta+Virginis | accessdate=2012-03-20 }}</ref>
| title=Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. I. Main-sequence A, F, and G Stars
| last1=Boyajian | first1=Tabetha S. | last2=McAlister | first2=Harold A.
| last3=van Belle | first3=Gerard | last4=Gies | first4=Douglas R.
| last5=ten Brummelaar | first5=Theo A. | last6=von Braun | first6=Kaspar
| last7=Farrington | first7=Chris | last8=Goldfinger | first8=P. J.
| last9=O'Brien | first9=David | last10=Parks | first10=J. Robert
| last11=Richardson | first11=Noel D. | last12=Ridgway | first12=Stephen
| last13=Schaefer | first13=Gail | last14=Sturmann | first14=Laszlo
| last15=Sturmann | first15=Judit | last16=Touhami | first16=Yamina
| last17=Turner | first17=Nils H. | last18=White | first18=Russel
| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=746 | issue=1 | page=101 |date=February 2012
| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/101 | arxiv=1112.3316
| bibcode=2012ApJ...746..101B | s2cid=18993744 }}. See Table 10.</ref>

<ref name=Gehren1978>{{cite journal
| title=On the chemical composition and age of Beta VIR
| last=Gehren | first=T.
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| year=1978 | volume=65 | issue=3 | pages=427–433
| bibcode=1978A&A....65..427G }}</ref>

<ref name=Kunitzsch2006>{{cite book
| last1=Kunitzsch | first1=Paul | last2=Smart | first2=Tim
| date=2006 | edition=2nd rev.
| title=A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations
| publisher=Sky Pub | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts
| isbn=978-1-931559-44-7 }}</ref>

<ref name=Davis1944>{{cite journal
| title=The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names
| last=Davis | first=George A.
| journal=Popular Astronomy
| volume=52 | date=1944 | page=8–30
| bibcode=1944PA.....52....8D }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{cite journal
| first=F. | last=van Leeuwen | date=November 2007
| title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664
| bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | arxiv=0708.1752
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | s2cid=18759600 }}</ref>

<ref name=araa11_29>{{citation
| last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C.
| title=Spectral Classification
| journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=11 | issue=1 | page=29 | year=1973
| doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333
| bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa501_3_941>{{citation
| display-authors=1 | last1=Holmberg | first1=J.
| last2=Nordström | first2=B. | last3=Andersen | first3=J.
| title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=501 | issue=3 | pages=941–947 | date=July 2009
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811191 | arxiv=0811.3982
| bibcode=2009A&A...501..941H | s2cid=118577511 }}</ref>

<ref name=apjs15_459>{{citation
| last1=Gutierrez-Moreno | first1=Adelina | last2=Moreno | first2=Hugo
| title=A photometric investigation of the Scorpio-Centaurus association
| journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement
| volume=15 | page=459 |date=June 1968
| bibcode=1968ApJS...15..459G | doi=10.1086/190168 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web
| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt
| title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=* bet Vir | access-date=2012-03-20 }}</ref>

<ref name=Allen1963>{{cite book
| title=Virgo | edition=Dover | year=1963
| work=Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning
| first=Richard Hinckley | last=Allen
| url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Virgo*.html
| access-date=2021-01-19 }}</ref>


}}
}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite web |last=Kaler |first=Jim |year=2007 |url=http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/zavijava.html |title=Zavijava |publisher=Stars: Portraits of Stars and their Constellations |accessdate=2007-06-06}}
* {{cite web | last=Kaler | first=James B. | year=2007 | title=Zavijava | work=STARS | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/zavijava.html | access-date=2021-01-19 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.alcyone.de/SIT/mainstars/SIT000833.htm |title=Zavijah |publisher=Alcyone |accessdate=2007-06-06}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.alcyone.de/SIT/mainstars/SIT000833.htm | title=Zavijah | publisher=Alcyone | access-date=2007-06-06 }}


{{Nearest bright star systems|4.}}
{{Virgo}}
{{Virgo}}


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beta Virginis}}
[[Category:F-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Solar-type stars|Virginis, Beta]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Virginis, Beta]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Virginis, Beta]]
[[Category:F-type main sequence stars]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Virginis, 005]]
[[Category:Gliese and GJ objects|0449]]

[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|102870]]
[[ar:زاوية العواء]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|057757]]
[[cs:Zavijava]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|4540]]
[[de:Beta Virginis]]
[[es:Zavijava]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names|Zavijava]]
[[fa:زاویةالعواء]]
[[fr:Beta Virginis]]
[[ko:자비야바]]
[[it:Zavijava]]
[[nl:Zavijah]]
[[ja:おとめ座ベータ星]]
[[ru:Завийява]]
[[sk:Zavijava]]
[[zh:右執法]]

Latest revision as of 02:26, 26 October 2024

β Virginis
(Zavijava)
Location of β Virginis (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 11h 50m 41.71824s[1]
Declination +01° 45′ 52.9910″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 3.604[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Main sequence[3] turnoff[4]
Spectral type F9 V[5]
U−B color index +0.090[2]
B−V color index +0.553[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+4.1[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +740.23[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −270.43[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)91.50 ± 0.22 mas[1]
Distance35.65 ± 0.09 ly
(10.93 ± 0.03 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)3.41[6]
Details
Mass1.413±0.061[3] M☉
Radius1.681±0.008[7] R☉
Luminosity3.572±0.052[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.125±0.010[3] cgs
Temperature6,132±26[7] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.20[8] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)4.3[9] km/s
Age2.9 ± 0.3,[6] ~3.3[4] Gyr
Other designations
Zavijava, Zavijah, Alaraph, Minelauva, β Vir, 5 Virginis, BD+02°2489, FK5 445, HD 102870, HIP 57757, HR 4540, SAO 119076[10]
Database references
SIMBADdata
ARICNSdata

Beta Virginis, a name Latinised from β Virginis, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It has the proper name Zavijava (/ˌzævɪˈdʒævə/),[11][12][13] and, despite its designation 'beta', is the fifth-brightest star in Virgo with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.604.[2] The distance to this star is around 35.7 light-years based on parallax;[1] it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.1 km/s.[6] It is 0.69 of a degree north of the ecliptic, so it can be occulted by the Moon and (rarely) by planets. The next planetary occultation of Beta Virginis will take place on 09 november 2210, by Venus.[14]

Properties

[edit]

This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F9 V,[5] which means it is generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. Sun-like oscillations have been detected in Beta Virginis, allowing its internal structure to be modeled in more detail.[15] It is around 2.9[6] to 3.3[4] billion years old with a projected rotational velocity of 4.3 km/s[9] and appears to be near the end of its main sequence lifetime.[3][4] Larger and more massive than the Sun, it is comparatively metal-rich (that is, it has a higher preponderance of elements heavier than helium).[8] It is radiating 3.6[7] times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,132 K.[7]

According to Nelson & Angel (1998),[16] Beta Virginis could host two or three jovian planets in wide orbits. The authors have set an upper limit of 1.9, 5 and 23 Jupiter masses for the putative planets with orbital periods of 15, 25 and 50 years, respectively. Also Campbell et al. 1988[17] inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs around Beta Virginis. However, more recent studies have not confirmed the existence of any substellar companion around Beta Virginis yet. McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets[18] with masses between 0.16 and 4.2 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 astronomical units.

Nomenclature

[edit]

β Virginis (Latinised to Beta Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional names Zavijava (also Zavijah, Zavyava and Zawijah) and Alaraph.[19] Zavijava is from the Arabic زاوية العواء zāwiyat al-cawwa’ 'corner of the barking (dog)'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[20] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Zavijava for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[13]

In Chinese, 太微右垣 (Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán), meaning Right Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Beta Virginis, Sigma Leonis, Iota Leonis, Theta Leonis and Delta Leonis.[21] Consequently, the Chinese name for Beta Virginis itself is 太微右垣一 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán yī, English: Supreme Palace Enclosure Right Wall One),[22] representing 右執法 (Yòuzhífǎ), meaning The Right Law Administrator.[23] 右執法 (Yòuzhífǎ), spelled Yew Chi Fa by R.H. Allen, means "the Right-hand Maintainer of Law".[24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
  2. ^ a b c d Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; Moreno, Hugo (June 1968), "A photometric investigation of the Scorpio-Centaurus association", Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 15: 459, Bibcode:1968ApJS...15..459G, doi:10.1086/190168
  3. ^ a b c d North, J. R.; et al. (February 2009). "The radius and other fundamental parameters of the F9V star β Virginis". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 393 (1): 245–252. arXiv:0811.1804. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.393..245N. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14216.x. S2CID 14817266.
  4. ^ a b c d Howes, Louise M.; Lindegren, Lennart; Feltzing, Sofia; Church, Ross P.; Bensby, Thomas (2019-02-01). "Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry: successes and shortcomings". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A27. arXiv:1804.08321. Bibcode:2019A&A...622A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833280. ISSN 0004-6361.
  5. ^ a b Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973), "Spectral Classification", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11 (1): 29, Bibcode:1973ARA&A..11...29M, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333
  6. ^ a b c d e Holmberg, J.; et al. (July 2009), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 501 (3): 941–947, arXiv:0811.3982, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191, S2CID 118577511
  7. ^ a b c d e Boyajian, Tabetha S.; et al. (February 2012), "Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. I. Main-sequence A, F, and G Stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 746 (1): 101, arXiv:1112.3316, Bibcode:2012ApJ...746..101B, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/101, S2CID 18993744. See Table 10.
  8. ^ a b Gehren, T. (1978). "On the chemical composition and age of Beta VIR". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 65 (3): 427–433. Bibcode:1978A&A....65..427G.
  9. ^ a b Carrier, F.; et al. (2005). "Solar-like oscillations in the F9 V β Virginis". New Astronomy. 10 (4): 315–323. arXiv:astro-ph/0502014. Bibcode:2005NewA...10..315C. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2004.11.003. S2CID 17064311.
  10. ^ "* bet Vir". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
  11. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  12. ^ Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy. 52: 8–30. Bibcode:1944PA.....52....8D.
  13. ^ a b "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  14. ^ "SolexHeading". www.solexorb.it. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  15. ^ Eggenberger, P.; Carrier, F. (April 2006). "Modeling β Virginis using seismological data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 449 (1): 293–303. arXiv:astro-ph/0602279. Bibcode:2006A&A...449..293E. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052882. S2CID 11962689.
  16. ^ Nelson, A. F.; Angel, J. R. P. (June 1998). "The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions". The Astrophysical Journal. 500 (2): 940–957. arXiv:astro-ph/9802194. Bibcode:1998ApJ...500..940N. doi:10.1086/305741. S2CID 5533361.
  17. ^ Murdoch, Kaylene A.; et al. (August 1993). "A Search for Substellar Companions to Southern Solar-Type Stars". Astrophysical Journal. 413: 349. Bibcode:1993ApJ...413..349M. doi:10.1086/173003.
  18. ^ Wittenmyer, Robert A.; et al. (July 2006). "Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 177–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0604171. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..177W. doi:10.1086/504942. S2CID 16755455.
  19. ^ Atlas of the Heavens, part II, catalogue, Antonín Bečvář
  20. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  21. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  22. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 Archived 2010-08-19 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  23. ^ (in Chinese) English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name Archived 2010-08-10 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  24. ^ Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963). Virgo (Dover ed.). Retrieved 2021-01-19. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
[edit]
  • Kaler, James B. (2007). "Zavijava". STARS. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  • "Zavijah". Alcyone. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beta_Virginis&oldid=1253456267"