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{{Infobox religious group |
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| ⚫ | '''Radomsk''' ({{ |
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| group = Radomsk Hasidic Dynasty |
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| image = GreatSynagogueRadomsko.jpg |
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| image_size = 180px |
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| image_caption = Great Synagogue in Radomsk |
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| population = |
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| founder = [[Rabbi]] [[Shlomo Rabinowicz|Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz]] |
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| regions = Israel, United States, Poland |
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| tablehdr = |
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| region1 = Israel |
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The town of Radomsko was destroyed and most of its Jews deported and killed during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The fourth Radomsker Rebbe, Rabbi [[Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz|Shlomo Chanoch Hakohen Rabinowicz]], was murdered by the Nazis in the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] in 1942, bringing the father-to-son dynasty to an end. In 1965, Radomsker Hasidim who had survived the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] and were living in [[Israel]] asked Rabbi [[Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain]], the fifth [[Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatchover]] Rebbe and a descendant of the first Radomsker [[Rebbe]],<ref name="Belovski">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-fj-sKboVBoC&pg=PR20&dq=radomsk+rebbe&hl=en&ei=uicaTvuNH4mIhQfZ8oHNBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=radomsk%20rebbe&f=false |page=xx |title=Shem Mishmuel |last=Belovski |first=Zvi |publisher=[[Targum Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=1-56871-141-7}}</ref> to become their Rebbe as well, and he agreed. Bornsztain's son, Rabbi Avrohom Nosson Bornsztain, is the current Rav of the Radomsker shul in Bnei Brak.. |
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| pop1 = |
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| ref1 = |
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| region2 = United States |
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| pop2 = |
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| ref2 = |
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| region3 = Poland |
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| pop3 = |
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| ref3 = |
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| religions = Hasidic Judaism |
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| scriptures = |
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| languages = Yiddish, Hebrew |
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| related-c = [[Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatchov]], [[Warka (Hasidic dynasty)|Warka]] |
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| website = |
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| notes = |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Radomsk''' ({{langx|he|רדומסק}}) is a [[Hasidic Judaism|hasidic]] [[List of Hasidic dynasties|dynasty]] named after the town of [[Radomsko]] in [[Łódź Voivodeship|Łódź]] province, south-central Poland.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj8OAQAAMAAJ&q=radomsk |title=Encyclopedia Judaica, Ra–Sam |volume=17 |page=57|year=2006 |last1=Skolnik |first1=Fred |last2=Berenbaum |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Berenbaum |publisher=Thomson |isbn=0-02-865945-7}}</ref> The dynasty was founded in 1843 by [[Shlomo Rabinowicz|Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz]] (known as the ''Tiferes Shlomo'').<ref name="Radomsko">{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/radomsk/Radomsko.htm |title=Radomsko |date=4 January 2010 |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=jewishgen.org}}</ref> His son, grandson and great-grandson also led the dynasty, which had thousands of followers. On the eve of World War II, Radomsk was the third largest Hasidic dynasty in Poland, after [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]] and [[Alexander (Hasidic dynasty)|Alexander]].<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/printArticle.cfm?contentid=38878 |title=Radomsker Rebbe's Yahrzeit |work=[[The Jewish Press]] |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |date=7 April 2009 |access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> |
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The town of Radomsko was destroyed and most of its Jews deported and killed during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The fourth Radomsker rebbe, [[Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz|Shlomo Chanoch Hakohen Rabinowicz]], was murdered by the Nazis in the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] in 1942, bringing the father-to-son dynasty to an end. |
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In 1965, at the request of Radomsker Hasidim who had survived the [[Holocaust]] and were living in [[Israel]], the fifth [[rebbe]] of the [[Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatchover Hasidim]] (and a descendant of the first Radomsker rebbe) [[Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain]],<ref name="Belovski">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-fj-sKboVBoC&q=radomsk+rebbe&pg=PR20 |page=xx |title=Shem Mishmuel |last=Belovski |first=Zvi |publisher=[[Targum Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=1-56871-141-7}}</ref> became their rebbe as well. Bornsztain's son Avrohom Nosson Bornsztain leads the Radomsker synagogue in Bnei Brak.<ref>{{cite news |last1=בלוי |first1=זאב |title=תיעוד: הילולת האדמו"ר ה'שבחי כהן' מראדאמסק זצ"ל |url=https://www.jdn.co.il/flashes/1812496/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=JDN |date=22 August 2022 |language=he-IL}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Leadership=== |
===Leadership=== |
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| ⚫ | The founder of the dynasty was Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz (known as the ''Tiferes Shlomo'') (1801–1866), who had begun serving as rabbi of Radomsko (Radomsk) in 1834.<ref name="yizkor">{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/radomsko/rad110.html#shlomohle |title=Reb Shlomohle Radomsker |last=Bader |first=Gershom |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=Radomsker Memorial Book |page=111}}</ref><ref name="finkel">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlvXDMNboYwC&q=tiferes+shlomo&pg=PA348 |page=348 |title=Kabbalah: Selections From Classic Kabbalistic Works From Raziel Hamalach To The Present Day |last=Finkel |first=Avraham Yaakov |year=2003 |publisher=[[Targum Press]] |isbn=1-56871-218-9}}</ref><ref name="chazaq">{{cite web |url=https://www.chazaq.org/?section=articles&categoryId=51&articleId=359 |title=Yahrzeits – Week of 29 Adar |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=chazaq.org}}</ref> When [[Lelov (Hasidic dynasty)|Moshe Biderman of Lelov]] moved to the [[Land of Israel]] he told his hasidim to follow Rabinowicz<ref name="chazaq"/><ref name="shtetl">{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Radomsk/RadomskerRebbe.html |title=Radomsker Rebbe Who Perished in Jewish Martyrdom in the Warsaw Ghetto |last=Ungar |first=Manashe |date=19 April 1950 |publisher=The Day-Morning Journal |access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> and Radomsk became a major hasidic center.<ref name="finkel"/> Rabinowicz's discourses on the [[Chumash (Judaism)|Chumash]] and [[Jewish holiday]]s were published posthumously in [[Warsaw]] in 1867–1869 as the two-volume ''Tiferes Shlomo''.<ref name="Rosenstein">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKQWAQAAIAAJ&q=shlomo+warsaw |page=232 |title=The Unbroken Chain: Biographical sketches and the genealogy of illustrious Jewish families from the 15th-20th century |last=Rosenstein |first=Neil |publisher=Shengold Publishers |year=1976 |isbn= 0-88400-043-5}}</ref><ref name="dia">{{cite web |url=http://www.diapositive.pl/chasydzi_radomska.htm |title=Chasidim of Radomsko |publisher=diapositive.pl|access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> This work, considered a textbook of hasidic thought,<ref name="nishmas">{{cite web |url=http://www.nishmas.org/biograph/tifshlom.htm |title=The Tiferes Shlomo |publisher=nishmas.org |access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> and has been continuously reprinted.<ref name="kabb">Finkel, ''Kabbalah'', p. 349.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rebshlomo.org/transcriptions/months/adar/purim/purim-nothing-else-matters/ |title=Purim: Nothing Else Matters |last=Carlebach |first=Rabbi Shlomo |author-link=Shlomo Carlebach |date=15 March 1984 |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=The Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Foundation}}</ref> |
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[[File:GreatSynagogueRadomsko.jpg|180px|right|thumb|Great Synagogue in Radomsk]] |
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| ⚫ | The founder of the dynasty was |
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He died in 1866 and was succeeded by his youngest son, [[Avraham Yissachar Dov Rabinowicz]] (1843–1892), who was musical.<ref name="music">{{cite web |url=http://www.radomsk.org/radomskermusic.html |title=Radomsker Music |publisher=radomsk.org |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727200126/http://www.radomsk.org/radomskermusic.html |archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> After he became rebbe, he attracted many hasidim from Poland and [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]].<ref name="shtetl"/><ref name="dia"/> He had [[diabetes]]<ref name="past">{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/radomsko/rad052.html |title=Remembrances of the Past |last=Poznanski |first=Yehieil |publisher=Radomsko Memorial Book |access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> and died in Radomsk at the age of 49.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yeshshem.com/hilulaelul.htm |title=Hilula and Yarzeit for the Hebrew Month of Elul |publisher=Yesh Shem |access-date=21 January 2012 |year=2011}}</ref> His Torah teachings were compiled under the title ''Chesed L'Avraham'', published in [[Piotrkow]] in 1893.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kedem-auctions.com/en/Items/chesed-l%E2%80%99avraham-radomsk |title=Chesed L'Avraham (Radomsk) |year=2011 |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=[[Kedem Auction House]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127235042/http://www.kedem-auctions.com/en/Items/chesed-l%E2%80%99avraham-radomsk |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref> |
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He was succeeded as |
He was succeeded as rebbe by his second son, [[Yechezkel Rabinowicz]] (1864–1910), who had earlier been rabbi of [[Novipola]]. He had diabetes like his father<ref name="past"/> and also died before the age of 50.<ref name="chinuch">{{cite web |url=http://chinuch.org/Cheshvan.php |title=Gedolim Yahrtzeits |last=Saltiel |first=Manny |year=2011 |publisher=chinuch.org |access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref> An estimated 25,000 people attended his funeral from all over Poland and Galicia.<ref name="past"/> His Torah teachings were compiled under the title ''Kenesses Yechezkel'', published in 1913.<ref name="past"/> |
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His eldest son, |
His eldest son, [[Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowitz]] (1882–1942), succeeded him.<ref name="past"/> He was wealthy.<ref name="day"/><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYgtAQAAIAAJ&q=ran+away+warsaw |page=45 |title=From Auschwitz to Ithaca: The transnational journey of Jack Geltwert |last=Geltwert |first=Jack |publisher=CDL Press |year=2002 |isbn=1-883053-74-9}}</ref> and owned a glass factory and homes in [[Berlin]], [[Warsaw]], and [[Sosnowiec]]; he re-established his court in Sosnowiec after World War I.<ref name="press"/><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqfXAAAAMAAJ&q=radomsk+sosnowice+tzvi+hasidism|title=The World of Hasidism |last=Rabinowicz |first=Tzvi |page=167 |publisher=Hartmore House |year=1970|isbn=9780876770054 }}</ref> He also amassed a large personal collection of old manuscripts and prints that was said to be the second-largest private library in Poland after that of the [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Gerrer]] Rebbe.<ref name="day"/> |
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===Keser Torah yeshiva network=== |
===Keser Torah yeshiva network=== |
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===World War II=== |
===World War II=== |
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[[File:Ohel Salomona Henocha Rabinowicza-Ohel of Salomon Henoch Rabinowicz.JPG|thumb|165px|Memorial to Rabbi [[Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz]] in the [[Warsaw |
[[File:Ohel Salomona Henocha Rabinowicza-Ohel of Salomon Henoch Rabinowicz.JPG|thumb|165px|Memorial to Rabbi [[Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz]] in the [[Jewish Cemetery, Warsaw|Warsaw Jewish cemetery]].]] |
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On the eve of World War II, Radomsk was the third largest Hasidic dynasty in Poland, after Ger and Alexander.<ref name="press"/> In [[Kraków]], there were more Radomsker ''[[shtiebel]]ach'' than Gerrer ''shtiebelach''.<ref name="day">{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Radomsk/RadomskerRebbe.html |title=Radomsker Rebbe Who Perished in Jewish Martyrdom in the Warsaw Ghetto |date=19 April 1950 | |
On the eve of World War II, Radomsk was the third largest Hasidic dynasty in Poland, after Ger and Alexander.<ref name="press"/> In [[Kraków]], there were more Radomsker ''[[shtiebel]]ach'' than Gerrer ''shtiebelach''.<ref name="day">{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Radomsk/RadomskerRebbe.html |title=Radomsker Rebbe Who Perished in Jewish Martyrdom in the Warsaw Ghetto |date=19 April 1950 |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=Day-Morning Journal |last=Unger |first=Manashe}} {{Dead link|date=December 2020}}</ref> |
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Following the German [[invasion of Poland]], the Keser Torah yeshivas disbanded<ref name="history"/> and the Rebbe escaped to the town of Alexander, but from there was most likely sent by the [[Nazism|Nazis]] into the [[Warsaw Ghetto]].<ref name="day"/> His son-in-law, Rabbi Dovid Moshe Rabinowicz, was also incarcerated in the Warsaw Ghetto, where he continued to deliver ''shiurim'' to Keser Torah students.<ref name="shema">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books? |
Following the German [[invasion of Poland]], the Keser Torah yeshivas disbanded<ref name="history"/> and the Rebbe escaped to the town of Alexander, but from there was most likely sent by the [[Nazism|Nazis]] into the [[Warsaw Ghetto]].<ref name="day"/> His son-in-law, Rabbi Dovid Moshe Rabinowicz, was also incarcerated in the Warsaw Ghetto, where he continued to deliver ''shiurim'' to Keser Torah students.<ref name="shema">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=29mfAAAAMAAJ&q=dovid+moshe+rabinowitz |title=Shema Yisrael: Testimonies of devotion, courage, and self-sacrifice, 1939-1945 |author=[[Kaliv (Hasidic dynasty)|Kaliv]] World Center |year=2002 |isbn=1-56871-271-5 |pages=329–330|publisher=Targum Press }}</ref> The Rebbe and all the members of his family, including his only daughter, son-in-law, and their infant son, were shot to death during the ''Aktion'' of 1 August 1942.<ref name="press"/><ref name="day"/><ref name="shema"/> They were buried in a [[mass grave]] in Warsaw's main cemetery.<ref name="press"/><ref name="history"/> With the Rebbe's death, the father-to-son lineage of Radomsker rebbes came to an end. (The Rebbe's brother, Rabbi Elimelech Aryeh Hakohen Rabinowicz, died in [[Mauthausen, Upper Austria|Mauthausen]].<ref>Rabinowicz, Tzvi, ''The World of Hasidism'', p. 175.</ref>) |
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==Rebirth in Israel== |
==Rebirth in Israel== |
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After World War II, Radomsker Hasidim and Keser Torah yeshiva students who had survived the Holocaust established [[Kollel]] Keser Torah in [[Bnei Brak]], Israel. In 1965 they approached Rabbi [[Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain]], son of the [[Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatchover]] Rebbe and a nephew of Rabbi David Moshe Rabinowicz, to lead the kollel (Bornsztain was also a direct descendant of the first Radomsker Rebbe, as his grandfather, the second Sochatchover Rebbe, married the daughter of the first Radomsker Rebbe.)<ref name="Belovski"/> Bornsztain accepted the offer and commuted from his home in [[Tel Aviv]] to Bnei Brak.<ref name="tragic">Growise, Yisroel Alter. ''"The Sochatchover Rebbe, Harav Menachem Shlomo Bornstein, zt"l, 40 Years Since His Tragic Passing"''. ''Hamodia'' Features section, 27 August 2009, pp. C4-5.</ref> When Bornsztain acceded to the leadership of the Sochatchov dynasty in 1965, the Radomsker Hasidim asked him to become their Rebbe as well, and he officially became known as the Sochatchover-Radomsker Rebbe.<ref name="tragic" /> Following Bornsztain's untimely death in 1969, his eldest son, Rabbi [[Shmuel Bornsztain (sixth Sochatchover rebbe)|Shmuel Bornsztain]], became the Sochatchover Rebbe and another son, Avrohom Nosson Bornsztain, was appointed as the rav of the Radomsker shul in Bnei Brak.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nayessnet.com/ViewArticle.asp?CatId=1&id=1404&ParentId=36 |script-title=he:השבת בקהילות הקוש |trans-title=This Shabbat in the Holy Communities |work=Kol Mevasser |language= |
After World War II, Radomsker Hasidim and Keser Torah yeshiva students who had survived the Holocaust established [[Kollel]] Keser Torah in [[Bnei Brak]], Israel. In 1965 they approached Rabbi [[Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain]], son of the [[Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatchover]] Rebbe and a nephew of Rabbi David Moshe Rabinowicz, to lead the kollel (Bornsztain was also a direct descendant of the first Radomsker Rebbe, as his grandfather, the second Sochatchover Rebbe, married the daughter of the first Radomsker Rebbe.)<ref name="Belovski"/> Bornsztain accepted the offer and commuted from his home in [[Tel Aviv]] to Bnei Brak.<ref name="tragic">Growise, Yisroel Alter. ''"The Sochatchover Rebbe, Harav Menachem Shlomo Bornstein, zt"l, 40 Years Since His Tragic Passing"''. ''Hamodia'' Features section, 27 August 2009, pp. C4-5.</ref> When Bornsztain acceded to the leadership of the Sochatchov dynasty in 1965, the Radomsker Hasidim asked him to become their Rebbe as well, and he officially became known as the Sochatchover-Radomsker Rebbe.<ref name="tragic" /> Following Bornsztain's untimely death in 1969, his eldest son, Rabbi [[Shmuel Bornsztain (sixth Sochatchover rebbe)|Shmuel Bornsztain]], became the Sochatchover Rebbe and another son, Avrohom Nosson Bornsztain, was appointed as the rav of the Radomsker shul in Bnei Brak.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nayessnet.com/ViewArticle.asp?CatId=1&id=1404&ParentId=36 |script-title=he:השבת בקהילות הקוש |trans-title=This Shabbat in the Holy Communities |work=Kol Mevasser |language=he |date=27 November 2009 |access-date=21 January 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Today Radomsker communities exist in [[Jerusalem]] and Bnei Brak, Israel; [[Brooklyn]], New York; [[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood, New Jersey]]; and [[Montreal]], Canada.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.radomsk.org/radomskerhistory.html |title=Keser Torah Radomsk: The crown of Torah, the network of Keser Torah Radomsker yeshivos in the Jewish centers of pre-World War II Poland |publisher=radomsk.org | |
Today Radomsker communities exist in [[Jerusalem]] and Bnei Brak, Israel; [[Brooklyn]], New York; [[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood, New Jersey]]; and [[Montreal]], Canada.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.radomsk.org/radomskerhistory.html |title=Keser Torah Radomsk: The crown of Torah, the network of Keser Torah Radomsker yeshivos in the Jewish centers of pre-World War II Poland |publisher=radomsk.org |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218154911/http://www.radomsk.org/radomskerhistory.html |archive-date=18 February 2012}}</ref> The Radomsker Rav of [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Boro Park]], Rabbi Leibish Frand, heads a Radomsker ''beis medrash'' in Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpressads.com/pageroute.do/22692/ |title=Radomsk Torah Splendor Remembered In South Fallsburg |date=1 August 2007 |access-date=7 January 2012|last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |work=[[The Jewish Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/tag/munkatcher-rebbe/ |title=Rosh Chodesh with the Igud |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |date=21 April 2010 |access-date=7 January 2012 |work=The Jewish Press}}</ref> |
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==Music of Radomsk== |
==Music of Radomsk== |
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The first Radomsker |
The first Radomsker rebbe, Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz, was a [[hazzan]] (cantor) and composer of hasidic music. He composed and sang new ''[[nigunim]]'' (melodies) each year for the [[High Holy days]] and other Jewish holidays.<ref name="negina">{{cite web |url=http://heichalhanegina.blogspot.com/2006/03/musical-talents-of-tiferes-shlomo.html |title=The Musical Talents of the "Tiferes Shlomo"|date=29 March 2006 |access-date=21 January 2012 |publisher=Heichal Hanegina}}</ref> The second Radomsker Rebbe was also musical, and the ''niggunim'' of the first two Radomsker rebbes were sung in all Radomsker courts. [[Chaskel Besser]], a Radomsker rabbi in New York after World War II, produced an album titled ''Niggunei Radomsk'' (Melodies of Radomsk) to preserve the music of the dynasty.<ref name="music"/> |
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==Lineage of Radomsk dynastic leadership== |
==Lineage of Radomsk dynastic leadership== |
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**** ''' Radomsker [[Rosh Yeshiva]] ''' : [[David Moshe Rabinowicz]], son of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz and a son-in-law of Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz. |
**** ''' Radomsker [[Rosh Yeshiva]] ''' : [[David Moshe Rabinowicz]], son of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz and a son-in-law of Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz. |
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*****'''Sochatchover-Radomsker Rebbe''': [[Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain]] (1934–1969), grandson of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz. Rebbe from 1965 to 1969. |
*****'''Sochatchover-Radomsker Rebbe''': [[Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain]] (1934–1969), grandson of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz. Rebbe from 1965 to 1969. |
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******'''Radomsker Rav - [[Bnei Brak]]''': Nosson Bornsztain, a son of Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain, is currently the [[Rav]] of the Radomsker [[Kehilla|Kehila]] in Bnei Brak, [[Israel]]. |
******'''Radomsker Rav - [[Bnei Brak]]''': Nosson Bornsztain, a son of Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain, is currently the [[Rav]] of the Radomsker [[Kehilla (modern)|Kehila]] in Bnei Brak, [[Israel]]. |
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*****'''Radomsker [[Mashpiah]]''' and '''Radziner Rebbe''': [[Avrohom Yissochor Englard]], grandson of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz, was instrumental in founding the Radomsker [[Kehilla]] in [[Boro Park]] and would conduct a [[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]] there on many occasions. |
*****'''Radomsker [[Mashpiah]]''' and '''Radziner Rebbe''': [[Avrohom Yissochor Englard]], grandson of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz, was instrumental in founding the Radomsker [[Kehilla (modern)|Kehilla]] in [[Boro Park]] and would conduct a [[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]] there on many occasions. |
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****** '''Radomsker Rav - [[Boro Park]]''': Yeshayahu Englard, son of Avrohom Yissochor, was one of the [[Rabbi|Rabbonim]] of the Radomsker [[kehilla]] in [[Brooklyn]]<ref>https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/1842905/boro-park-corona-victim-son-of-radziner-rebbe-harav-yeshaya-englard-ztl.html</ref> |
****** '''Radomsker Rav - [[Boro Park]]''': Yeshayahu Englard, son of Avrohom Yissochor, was one of the [[Rabbi|Rabbonim]] of the Radomsker [[Kehilla (modern)|kehilla]] in [[Brooklyn]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/1842905/boro-park-corona-victim-son-of-radziner-rebbe-harav-yeshaya-englard-ztl.html|title = BORO PARK CORONA VICTIM: Son of Radziner Rebbe, Harav Yeshaya Englard ZT"L|date = 25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vosizneias.com/2020/03/25/rabbi-yeshayahu-englard-brother-of-radzhiner-rebbe-passes-away-from-coronavirus/|title=Rabbi Yeshayahu Englard, Brother of Radzhiner Rebbe, Passes Away from Coronavirus|date=25 March 2020}}</ref> he died during the [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]]. |
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******'''Radomsker Rav -[[Boro Park]]''': Leibish Frand, a son-in-law of a descendant of Shlomo Rabinowicz acts as Present Rav in Radomsker Kehila in Brooklyn NY. |
******'''Radomsker Rav -[[Boro Park]]''': Leibish Frand, a son-in-law of a descendant of Shlomo Rabinowicz acts as Present Rav in Radomsker Kehila in Brooklyn NY. |
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[[Category:Radomsk (Hasidic dynasty)]] |
[[Category:Radomsk (Hasidic dynasty)]] |
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[[Category:Jewish Polish history]] |
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[[Category:Orthodox Judaism in Poland]] |
[[Category:Orthodox Judaism in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Hasidic Judaism in Israel]] |
[[Category:Hasidic Judaism in Israel]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:09, 25 October 2024
 Great Synagogue in Radomsk | |
| Founder | |
|---|---|
| Rabbi Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Israel, United States, Poland | |
| Religions | |
| Hasidic Judaism | |
| Languages | |
| Yiddish, Hebrew | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Sochatchov, Warka |
Radomsk (Hebrew: רדומסק) is a hasidic dynasty named after the town of Radomsko in Łódź province, south-central Poland.[1] The dynasty was founded in 1843 by Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz (known as the Tiferes Shlomo).[2] His son, grandson and great-grandson also led the dynasty, which had thousands of followers. On the eve of World War II, Radomsk was the third largest Hasidic dynasty in Poland, after Ger and Alexander.[3]
The town of Radomsko was destroyed and most of its Jews deported and killed during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The fourth Radomsker rebbe, Shlomo Chanoch Hakohen Rabinowicz, was murdered by the Nazis in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1942, bringing the father-to-son dynasty to an end.
In 1965, at the request of Radomsker Hasidim who had survived the Holocaust and were living in Israel, the fifth rebbe of the Sochatchover Hasidim (and a descendant of the first Radomsker rebbe) Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain,[4] became their rebbe as well. Bornsztain's son Avrohom Nosson Bornsztain leads the Radomsker synagogue in Bnei Brak.[5]
History
[edit]Leadership
[edit]The founder of the dynasty was Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz (known as the Tiferes Shlomo) (1801–1866), who had begun serving as rabbi of Radomsko (Radomsk) in 1834.[6][7][8] When Moshe Biderman of Lelov moved to the Land of Israel he told his hasidim to follow Rabinowicz[8][9] and Radomsk became a major hasidic center.[7] Rabinowicz's discourses on the Chumash and Jewish holidays were published posthumously in Warsaw in 1867–1869 as the two-volume Tiferes Shlomo.[10][11] This work, considered a textbook of hasidic thought,[12] and has been continuously reprinted.[13][14]
He died in 1866 and was succeeded by his youngest son, Avraham Yissachar Dov Rabinowicz (1843–1892), who was musical.[15] After he became rebbe, he attracted many hasidim from Poland and Galicia.[9][11] He had diabetes[16] and died in Radomsk at the age of 49.[17] His Torah teachings were compiled under the title Chesed L'Avraham, published in Piotrkow in 1893.[18]
He was succeeded as rebbe by his second son, Yechezkel Rabinowicz (1864–1910), who had earlier been rabbi of Novipola. He had diabetes like his father[16] and also died before the age of 50.[19] An estimated 25,000 people attended his funeral from all over Poland and Galicia.[16] His Torah teachings were compiled under the title Kenesses Yechezkel, published in 1913.[16]
His eldest son, Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowitz (1882–1942), succeeded him.[16] He was wealthy.[20][21] and owned a glass factory and homes in Berlin, Warsaw, and Sosnowiec; he re-established his court in Sosnowiec after World War I.[3][22] He also amassed a large personal collection of old manuscripts and prints that was said to be the second-largest private library in Poland after that of the Gerrer Rebbe.[20]
Keser Torah yeshiva network
[edit]The fourth Radomsker Rebbe innovated a new trend in Hasidic education in Poland. Until World War I, Hasidic youth traditionally studied Torah and learned the customs and lore of their dynasties in shtiebelach (small houses of prayer and study) across Poland. As the war uprooted hundreds of thousands of Jews and decimated established communities, the shtiebelach lost their central place in Hasidic life.[23] In 1926, the Rebbe announced his plan to create a network of yeshivas called Keser Torah (Crown of Torah). By 1930, nine yeshivas were functioning in major Polish cities, together with a "Kibbutz Govoha" (high-level study group) for advanced students and avreichim (married students) in Sosnowiec.[3] The Rebbe appointed his new son-in-law, Rabbi Dovid Moshe Hakohen Rabinowicz (1906–1942), to serve as rosh yeshiva for the entire network.[23] By 1939, there were 36 Keser Torah yeshivas enrolling over 4,000 students in Poland and Galicia. The Rebbe paid for the entire operation, including staff salaries, food, and student lodging, out of his own pocket.[3][23]
World War II
[edit]
On the eve of World War II, Radomsk was the third largest Hasidic dynasty in Poland, after Ger and Alexander.[3] In Kraków, there were more Radomsker shtiebelach than Gerrer shtiebelach.[20]
Following the German invasion of Poland, the Keser Torah yeshivas disbanded[23] and the Rebbe escaped to the town of Alexander, but from there was most likely sent by the Nazis into the Warsaw Ghetto.[20] His son-in-law, Rabbi Dovid Moshe Rabinowicz, was also incarcerated in the Warsaw Ghetto, where he continued to deliver shiurim to Keser Torah students.[24] The Rebbe and all the members of his family, including his only daughter, son-in-law, and their infant son, were shot to death during the Aktion of 1 August 1942.[3][20][24] They were buried in a mass grave in Warsaw's main cemetery.[3][23] With the Rebbe's death, the father-to-son lineage of Radomsker rebbes came to an end. (The Rebbe's brother, Rabbi Elimelech Aryeh Hakohen Rabinowicz, died in Mauthausen.[25])
Rebirth in Israel
[edit]After World War II, Radomsker Hasidim and Keser Torah yeshiva students who had survived the Holocaust established Kollel Keser Torah in Bnei Brak, Israel. In 1965 they approached Rabbi Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain, son of the Sochatchover Rebbe and a nephew of Rabbi David Moshe Rabinowicz, to lead the kollel (Bornsztain was also a direct descendant of the first Radomsker Rebbe, as his grandfather, the second Sochatchover Rebbe, married the daughter of the first Radomsker Rebbe.)[4] Bornsztain accepted the offer and commuted from his home in Tel Aviv to Bnei Brak.[26] When Bornsztain acceded to the leadership of the Sochatchov dynasty in 1965, the Radomsker Hasidim asked him to become their Rebbe as well, and he officially became known as the Sochatchover-Radomsker Rebbe.[26] Following Bornsztain's untimely death in 1969, his eldest son, Rabbi Shmuel Bornsztain, became the Sochatchover Rebbe and another son, Avrohom Nosson Bornsztain, was appointed as the rav of the Radomsker shul in Bnei Brak.[27]
Today Radomsker communities exist in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak, Israel; Brooklyn, New York; Lakewood, New Jersey; and Montreal, Canada.[23] The Radomsker Rav of Boro Park, Rabbi Leibish Frand, heads a Radomsker beis medrash in Brooklyn.[28][29]
Music of Radomsk
[edit]The first Radomsker rebbe, Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz, was a hazzan (cantor) and composer of hasidic music. He composed and sang new nigunim (melodies) each year for the High Holy days and other Jewish holidays.[30] The second Radomsker Rebbe was also musical, and the niggunim of the first two Radomsker rebbes were sung in all Radomsker courts. Chaskel Besser, a Radomsker rabbi in New York after World War II, produced an album titled Niggunei Radomsk (Melodies of Radomsk) to preserve the music of the dynasty.[15]
Lineage of Radomsk dynastic leadership
[edit]- First Radomsker Rebbe: Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz (1801–1866), author of Tiferes Shlomo. Rebbe from 1843 to 1866.
- Second Radomsker Rebbe: Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz (1843–1892), son of Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz, author of Chesed L'Avraham. Rebbe from 1866 to 1892.
- Third Radomsker Rebbe: Yechezkel Hakohen Rabinowicz (1864–1910), son of Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz, author of Kenesses Yechezkel. Rebbe from 1892 to 1910.
- Fourth Radomsker Rebbe: Shlomo Chanoch Hakohen Rabinowicz (d. 1942), son of Yechezkel Hakohen Rabinowicz. Rebbe from 1910 to 1942.
- Krimilover Rebbe: Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz, a son of Avraham Yissachar Dov Rabinowicz
- Radomsker Rosh Yeshiva : David Moshe Rabinowicz, son of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz and a son-in-law of Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz.
- Sochatchover-Radomsker Rebbe: Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain (1934–1969), grandson of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz. Rebbe from 1965 to 1969.
- Radomsker Mashpiah and Radziner Rebbe: Avrohom Yissochor Englard, grandson of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz, was instrumental in founding the Radomsker Kehilla in Boro Park and would conduct a tish there on many occasions.
- Radomsker Rav - Boro Park: Yeshayahu Englard, son of Avrohom Yissochor, was one of the Rabbonim of the Radomsker kehilla in Brooklyn,[31][32] he died during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Radomsker Rav -Boro Park: Leibish Frand, a son-in-law of a descendant of Shlomo Rabinowicz acts as Present Rav in Radomsker Kehila in Brooklyn NY.
- Radomsker Rosh Yeshiva : David Moshe Rabinowicz, son of Nosson Nachum Rabinowicz and a son-in-law of Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz.
- Third Radomsker Rebbe: Yechezkel Hakohen Rabinowicz (1864–1910), son of Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz, author of Kenesses Yechezkel. Rebbe from 1892 to 1910.
- Second Radomsker Rebbe: Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz (1843–1892), son of Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz, author of Chesed L'Avraham. Rebbe from 1866 to 1892.
References
[edit]- ^ Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2006). Encyclopedia Judaica, Ra–Sam. Vol. 17. Thomson. p. 57. ISBN 0-02-865945-7.
- ^ "Radomsko". jewishgen.org. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g Tannenbaum, Rabbi Gershon (7 April 2009). "Radomsker Rebbe's Yahrzeit". The Jewish Press. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b Belovski, Zvi (1998). Shem Mishmuel. Targum Press. p. xx. ISBN 1-56871-141-7.
- ^ בלוי, זאב (22 August 2022). "תיעוד: הילולת האדמו"ר ה'שבחי כהן' מראדאמסק זצ"ל". JDN (in Hebrew). Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ Bader, Gershom. "Reb Shlomohle Radomsker". Radomsker Memorial Book. p. 111. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b Finkel, Avraham Yaakov (2003). Kabbalah: Selections From Classic Kabbalistic Works From Raziel Hamalach To The Present Day. Targum Press. p. 348. ISBN 1-56871-218-9.
- ^ a b "Yahrzeits – Week of 29 Adar". chazaq.org. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b Ungar, Manashe (19 April 1950). "Radomsker Rebbe Who Perished in Jewish Martyrdom in the Warsaw Ghetto". The Day-Morning Journal. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ Rosenstein, Neil (1976). The Unbroken Chain: Biographical sketches and the genealogy of illustrious Jewish families from the 15th-20th century. Shengold Publishers. p. 232. ISBN 0-88400-043-5.
- ^ a b "Chasidim of Radomsko". diapositive.pl. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "The Tiferes Shlomo". nishmas.org. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ Finkel, Kabbalah, p. 349.
- ^ Carlebach, Rabbi Shlomo (15 March 1984). "Purim: Nothing Else Matters". The Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Foundation. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Radomsker Music". radomsk.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Poznanski, Yehieil. "Remembrances of the Past". Radomsko Memorial Book. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "Hilula and Yarzeit for the Hebrew Month of Elul". Yesh Shem. 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "Chesed L'Avraham (Radomsk)". Kedem Auction House. 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ Saltiel, Manny (2011). "Gedolim Yahrtzeits". chinuch.org. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Unger, Manashe (19 April 1950). "Radomsker Rebbe Who Perished in Jewish Martyrdom in the Warsaw Ghetto". Day-Morning Journal. Retrieved 21 January 2012. [dead link]
- ^ Geltwert, Jack (2002). From Auschwitz to Ithaca: The transnational journey of Jack Geltwert. CDL Press. p. 45. ISBN 1-883053-74-9.
- ^ Rabinowicz, Tzvi (1970). The World of Hasidism. Hartmore House. p. 167. ISBN 9780876770054.
- ^ a b c d e f "Keser Torah Radomsk: The crown of Torah, the network of Keser Torah Radomsker yeshivos in the Jewish centers of pre-World War II Poland". radomsk.org. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ a b Kaliv World Center (2002). Shema Yisrael: Testimonies of devotion, courage, and self-sacrifice, 1939-1945. Targum Press. pp. 329–330. ISBN 1-56871-271-5.
- ^ Rabinowicz, Tzvi, The World of Hasidism, p. 175.
- ^ a b Growise, Yisroel Alter. "The Sochatchover Rebbe, Harav Menachem Shlomo Bornstein, zt"l, 40 Years Since His Tragic Passing". Hamodia Features section, 27 August 2009, pp. C4-5.
- ^ השבת בקהילות הקוש [This Shabbat in the Holy Communities]. Kol Mevasser (in Hebrew). 27 November 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Tannenbaum, Rabbi Gershon (1 August 2007). "Radomsk Torah Splendor Remembered In South Fallsburg". The Jewish Press. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
- ^ Tannenbaum, Rabbi Gershon (21 April 2010). "Rosh Chodesh with the Igud". The Jewish Press. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
- ^ "The Musical Talents of the "Tiferes Shlomo"". Heichal Hanegina. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "BORO PARK CORONA VICTIM: Son of Radziner Rebbe, Harav Yeshaya Englard ZT"L". 25 March 2020.
- ^ "Rabbi Yeshayahu Englard, Brother of Radzhiner Rebbe, Passes Away from Coronavirus". 25 March 2020.