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{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox country
|native_name = ''Reichskloster Gengenbach''
|native_name = ''Reichskloster Gengenbach''
|conventional_long_name = Imperial Abbey of Gengenbach
|conventional_long_name = Imperial Abbey of Gengenbach
|common_name = Gengenbach Abbey
|common_name = Gengenbach Abbey
|
|
|continent = Europe
|region = Alps
|country = Germany
|era = Middle Ages
|era = Middle Ages
|status = Abbey
|status = Imperial Abbey
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
|government_type = Elective principality
|government_type = Elective principality
|today = {{DEU}}
|today = [[Germany]]
|
|
|year_start = 8th century
|year_start = 8th century
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|date_pre = early 8th century
|date_pre = early 8th century
|event_start = Granted to [[Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg|Bp Bamberg]]<br>{{spaces|4}}by [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry II]]
|event_start = Granted to [[Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg|Bp Bamberg]]<br>{{spaces|4}}by [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry II]]
|date_start = <br>1007<span style="display: none;">
|date_start = <br>1007
|event1 = [[Gengenbach]] raised<br>{{spaces|4}}to [[Free imperial city|Imperial city]]
|event1 = [[Gengenbach]] raised<br>{{spaces|4}}to [[Free imperial city|Imperial city]]
|date_event1 = <br>1360
|date_event1 = <br>1360
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|date_event4 = <br>1575 and 1580
|date_event4 = <br>1575 and 1580
|event_end = Joined College of Prelates
|event_end = Joined College of Prelates
|date_end = 1645 / 1751{{smallsup|a}}<span style="display: none;">
|date_end = 1645 / 1751{{smallsup|a}}
|event_post = [[German Mediatisation|Mediatized]] to [[Margraviate of Baden|Baden]]
|event_post = [[German Mediatisation|Mediatized]] to [[Margraviate of Baden|Baden]]
|date_post = 25 February 1803
|date_post = 25 February 1803
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|footnotes = a: Accession to the College of Prelates approved in 1645, but not implemented until 1751.
|footnotes = a: Accession to the College of Prelates approved in 1645, but not implemented until 1751.
}}
}}
'''Gengenbach Abbey''' ({{lang-de|Kloster Gengenbach}}) was a [[Benedictine]] monastery in [[Gengenbach]] in the [[Ortenaukreis|district of Ortenau]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]]. It was an Imperial Abbey from the late Carolingian period to 1803.
'''Gengenbach Abbey''' ({{langx|de|Kloster Gengenbach}}) was a [[Benedictine]] monastery in [[Gengenbach]] in the [[Ortenaukreis|district of Ortenau]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]]. It was an Imperial Abbey from the late Carolingian period to 1803.


==History==
==History==
It was founded by [[Saint Pirmin]] sometime after 748<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rq4lAQAAMAAJ&dq=Gengenbach+Abbey&pg=PA17 ''Handbook of Church History'', (Hubert Jedin, John Patrick Dolan, eds.) Burns & Oates, 1969, p. 17]</ref> and settled by monks from [[Gorze Abbey]]. It enjoyed good relations with the [[Carolingian]] dynasty. [[Odilo, Duke of Bavaria]] was buried at Gengenbach. [[Chrodegang]], bishop of Metz, encouraged the monks to adopt the ''[[Rule of Saint Benedict]]''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Zn-fBwAAQBAJ&dq=Gengenbach+Abbey&pg=PA362 Clark, James G., ''The Benedictines in the Middle Ages'', Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2014, p. 33] {{ISBN|9781843839736}}</ref> A Latin school was established, and several of the abbés were noted for the learning.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uSANAAAAYAAJ&dq=Gengenbach+Abbey&pg=PA59 Schreiber, Aloys Wilhelm. ''The Traveller's Guide to the Rhine'', A. and W. Galignani, 1825, p. 59]</ref> It became an [[Imperial abbey]], with [[Imperial immediacy|territorial independence]].
⚫
It was founded by [[Saint Pirmin]] (d. 735) sometime after his expulsion from [[Reichenau Island|Reichenau]] in 727 and settled by monks from [[Gorze Abbey]]. It enjoyed good relations with the [[Carolingian]] dynasty and soon became an [[Imperial abbey]], with [[Imperial immediacy|territorial independence]]. In 1007, however, [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry II]] presented it to his newly founded [[Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg]]. Whilst situated within the ''Ortenauer Reichslandvogtei'', under the protection of [[Rudolph of Habsburg]] (1273–91), the territory's protectors were an array of local lords: the [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]] were followed in 1218 by the [[House of Hohenstaufen|Staufen]] [[dukes of Swabia]] and in 1245 by the [[Bishopric of Strasbourg|bishops of Strasbourg]] until the 1550s. These ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'' and confirmations of their rights — both Papal (1139, 1235, 1252, 1287) and Imperial (1309, 1331, 1516) — ensured the Abbey's continual independence.


⚫
In 1007, however, [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry II]] presented it to his newly founded [[Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg]]. Whilst situated within the ''Ortenauer Reichslandvogtei'', under the protection of [[Rudolph of Habsburg]] (1273–91), the territory's protectors were an array of local lords: the [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]] were followed in 1218 by the [[House of Hohenstaufen|Staufen]] [[dukes of Swabia]] and in 1245 by the [[Bishopric of Strasbourg|bishops of Strasbourg]] until the 1550s. These ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'' and confirmations of their rights — both Papal (1139, 1235, 1252, 1287) and Imperial (1309, 1331, 1516) — ensured the Abbey's continual independence.
⚫
Gengenbach was deeply embroiled in the [[Investiture Controversy]] and two of its abbots were driven out for supporting the Imperial rather than the Papal cause. Shortly after this, the abbey was involved by Abbot Theoger (1080–1139) of [[St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest]] and Bishop [[Otto of Bamberg]] in the [[Hirsauer Reform]], during which the abbey church was demolished and rebuilt to the [[Hirsau Abbey|Hirsau]] model. Subsequently, it has been remodelled in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]], [[Baroque]] and [[neo-Romanesque]] styles.


⚫
Gengenbach was deeply embroiled in the [[Investiture Controversy]] and two of its abbots were driven out for supporting the Imperial rather than the Papal cause. Shortly after this, the abbey was involved by Abbot Theoger (1080–1139) of [[St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest]] and Bishop [[Otto of Bamberg]] in the [[Hirsauer Reform]], during which the abbey church was demolished and rebuilt to the [[Hirsau Abbey|Hirsau]] model. Subsequently, it has been remodelled in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]], [[Baroque]] and [[neo-Romanesque]] styles. A pipe organ with an historical eighteenth century the casing from the former abbey church is now in the [[Augustiner Museum]] in [[Freiburg im Breisgau]].
During the 13th and 14th centuries, the abbey was instrumental in developing the town of Gengenbach to economic maturity. The abbey avoided further monastic reforms, and although in danger of suppression during the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], survived that too.


[[Zell am Harmersbach]] was settled on territory owned by Gengenbach Abbey. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the abbey was instrumental in developing the town of Gengenbach to economic maturity. The abbey avoided further monastic reforms, and although in danger of suppression during the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], survived that too. In 1525, Wilhelm von Fürstenberg and some town councilors sought to have the abbey dissolved. They too the abbot and some monks into custody, but nothing came of it.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=18pKEAAAQBAJ&dq=Gengenbach+Abbey&pg=PA184 Scott, Tom.''Town, Country, and Regions in Reformation Germany'', Brill, 2005, p. 184] {{ISBN|9789047407232}}</ref>
⚫
In 1575 and 1580, the abbey applied for membership of the Imperial College of Prelates but was refused, due to concern about its [[Imperial immediacy]] and ''Vogtei''; membership was eventually approved in 1645 but this approval was not implemented until 1751. The abbey was mediatized in the wake of the [[German Mediatisation]] of 1803, and shortly afterwards its territories were absorbed into the state of [[Baden]]. However, the abbey was left to function under the last abbot until 1807 when the Grand Duke ordered it secularized.<ref>http://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/DOKUMENT/labw_kloester/395/Benediktinerabtei+Gengenbach?p_auth=36LIcaaU</ref>

⚫
In 1575 and 1580, the abbey applied for membership of the Imperial College of Prelates but was refused, due to concern about its [[Imperial immediacy]] and ''Vogtei''; membership was eventually approved in 1645 but this approval was not implemented until 1751. The abbey was mediatized in the wake of the [[German Mediatisation]] of 1803, and shortly afterwards its territories were absorbed into the state of [[Baden]]. However, the abbey was left to function under the last abbot until 1807 when the Grand Duke ordered it secularized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/DOKUMENT/labw_kloester/395/Benediktinerabtei+Gengenbach?p_auth=36LIcaaU|title = Benediktinerabtei Gengenbach - Detailseite - LEO-BW}}</ref> By 1904 a normal school was in operation on the premises.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pkwLAAAAIAAJ&dq=Gengenbach+Abbey&pg=RA1-PA489 Cook, Joel. ''Switzerland, Picturesque and Descriptive'', H. T. Coates & Company, 1904, p. 213]</ref>


==Abbots of Gengenbach==
==Abbots of Gengenbach==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Buhlmann, M., 2004. ''Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., beim Verein für Heimatgeschichte St. Georgen und bei den St. Georgener Klosterspuren 2004. St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004 (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10)''
* Buhlmann, M., 2004. ''Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., beim Verein für Heimatgeschichte St. Georgen und bei den St. Georgener Klosterspuren 2004. St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004 (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10)''
* Kähni, O., and John, H., (eds) 1980. ''Gengenbach'' in ''Handbuch der historischen Stätten Deutschlands, Bd.6: Baden-Württemberg'', ed. Max Miller and Gerhard Taddey, 2nd ed., pp.&nbsp;247f. Stuttgart: Kröner Tb 276.
* Kähni, O., and John, H., (eds) 1980. ''Gengenbach'' in ''Handbuch der historischen Stätten Deutschlands, Bd.6: Baden-Württemberg'', ed. Max Miller and Gerhard Taddey, 2nd ed., pp.&nbsp;247f. Stuttgart: Kröner Tb 276.
Line 138: Line 140:
*{{commons category-inline|Kloster Gengenbach|Gegenbach Abbey}}
*{{commons category-inline|Kloster Gengenbach|Gegenbach Abbey}}
* [http://www.kloester-bw.de/?nr=395 Gengenbach Abbey] in the ''Abbeys of Baden-Württemberg'' database at the State Archives of Baden-Württemberg
* [http://www.kloester-bw.de/?nr=395 Gengenbach Abbey] in the ''Abbeys of Baden-Württemberg'' database at the State Archives of Baden-Württemberg
* {{de icon}} [http://www.landeskunde-online.de/rhein/kloester/ortenau/gengenbach/index.htm Gengenbach Abbey] on ''Landeskunde online''
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.landeskunde-online.de/rhein/kloester/ortenau/gengenbach/index.htm Gengenbach Abbey] on ''Landeskunde online''


{{Swabian Circle}}
{{Swabian Circle}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Benedictine monasteries in Germany]]
[[Category:Benedictine monasteries in Germany]]
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[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 8th century]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 8th century]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the Agilolfings]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the Agilolfings]]
[[Category:1360 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1360s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1360 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Imperial abbeys disestablished in 1802–03]]
[[Category:Imperial abbeys disestablished in 1802–03]]
[[Category:Ortenaukreis]]

Latest revision as of 13:10, 23 October 2024

Imperial Abbey of Gengenbach
Reichskloster Gengenbach
8th century–1803
Location of Gengenbach Abbey
StatusImperial Abbey
CapitalGengenbach Abbey
Common languagesAlemannic
GovernmentElective principality
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Founded
early 8th century
• Granted to Bp Bamberg
    by Emperor Henry II

1007 8th century
• Gengenbach raised
    to Imperial city

1360
• Gengenbach converted
    to Lutheranism

1525
• Augsburg Interim
    guaranteed Catholicism

1548
• Unsuccessfully attempted
    to join College of Prelates

1575 and 1580
• Joined College of Prelates
1645 / 1751a 1803
• Mediatized to Baden
25 February 1803
 Succeeded by
Margraviate of Baden
Today part ofGermany
a: Accession to the College of Prelates approved in 1645, but not implemented until 1751.

Gengenbach Abbey (German: Kloster Gengenbach) was a Benedictine monastery in Gengenbach in the district of Ortenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was an Imperial Abbey from the late Carolingian period to 1803.

History

[edit]

It was founded by Saint Pirmin sometime after 748[1] and settled by monks from Gorze Abbey. It enjoyed good relations with the Carolingian dynasty. Odilo, Duke of Bavaria was buried at Gengenbach. Chrodegang, bishop of Metz, encouraged the monks to adopt the Rule of Saint Benedict.[2] A Latin school was established, and several of the abbés were noted for the learning.[3] It became an Imperial abbey, with territorial independence.

In 1007, however, Emperor Henry II presented it to his newly founded Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. Whilst situated within the Ortenauer Reichslandvogtei, under the protection of Rudolph of Habsburg (1273–91), the territory's protectors were an array of local lords: the Zähringen were followed in 1218 by the Staufen dukes of Swabia and in 1245 by the bishops of Strasbourg until the 1550s. These Vögte and confirmations of their rights — both Papal (1139, 1235, 1252, 1287) and Imperial (1309, 1331, 1516) — ensured the Abbey's continual independence.

Gengenbach was deeply embroiled in the Investiture Controversy and two of its abbots were driven out for supporting the Imperial rather than the Papal cause. Shortly after this, the abbey was involved by Abbot Theoger (1080–1139) of St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest and Bishop Otto of Bamberg in the Hirsauer Reform, during which the abbey church was demolished and rebuilt to the Hirsau model. Subsequently, it has been remodelled in the Gothic, Baroque and neo-Romanesque styles. A pipe organ with an historical eighteenth century the casing from the former abbey church is now in the Augustiner Museum in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Zell am Harmersbach was settled on territory owned by Gengenbach Abbey. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the abbey was instrumental in developing the town of Gengenbach to economic maturity. The abbey avoided further monastic reforms, and although in danger of suppression during the Reformation, survived that too. In 1525, Wilhelm von Fürstenberg and some town councilors sought to have the abbey dissolved. They too the abbot and some monks into custody, but nothing came of it.[4]

In 1575 and 1580, the abbey applied for membership of the Imperial College of Prelates but was refused, due to concern about its Imperial immediacy and Vogtei; membership was eventually approved in 1645 but this approval was not implemented until 1751. The abbey was mediatized in the wake of the German Mediatisation of 1803, and shortly afterwards its territories were absorbed into the state of Baden. However, the abbey was left to function under the last abbot until 1807 when the Grand Duke ordered it secularized.[5] By 1904 a normal school was in operation on the premises.[6]

Abbots of Gengenbach

[edit]
  • Rustenus (8th century)
  • Burkhard, Leutfried, Cosman, Anselm, Gauthier, Volmar, Otho, Benno, Rado, Ammilo (?)
  • Alfram (c. 820)
  • Germunt (c. 826)
  • Lando (c. 840)
  • Dietrich I, Dietrich II, Gottfried I, Walther I, Walther II and others
  • Reginald (before 1016–28)
  • Rusten (1028–34)
  • Berthold I ( –1052)
  • Bruning ( –1065)
  • Poppo ( –1071)
  • Acelinus ( –1074)
  • Ruotpert ( –1075)
  • Willo ( –1085)
  • Hugo I (1089, 1096)
  • Friedrich I (before 1109–20)
  • Gottfried II. (before 1140–62)
  • Anselm ( –1147?)
  • (anon.) ( –1173)
  • Friedrich II ( –1182)
  • Landofrid ( –1196)
  • Salomon ( –1208)
  • Gerbold (1210)
  • Eggenhard ( –1218)
  • Gottfried III (1218–37)
  • Walther III (1237–48)
  • Dietrich III (1248–1263?)
  • Hugo II (1263?–1270?)
  • Gottfried IV (1270?–1276)
  • Berthold II (1276–97)
  • Gottfried V (1296)
  • Berthold III (1297–1300)
  • Dietrich IV (1300–23)
  • Albero (1323–24)
  • Walther IV (1324–45)
  • Berthold IV (1345–54)
  • Lambert von Brunn (1354–74)
  • Stephan von Wilsberg (1374–98)
  • Konrad von Blumberg (1398–1415)
  • Berthold V Mangolt-Venser (1416–24)
  • Egenolf von Wartenberg (1424–53)
  • Volzo von Neuneck (1454–61)
  • Sigismund von Neuhausen (1461–75)
  • Jakob von Bern (1475–93)
  • Beatus II von Schauenburg (1493–1500)
  • Konrad von Mülnheim (1500–07)
  • Philipp von Eselsberg (1507–31)
  • Melchior Horneck von Hornberg (1531–40)
  • Friedrich von Keppenbach (1540–55)
  • Gisbert Agricola (1556–86)
  • Johann Ludiwig Sorg (1586–1605)
  • Georg Breuning (1605–17)
  • Johann Caspar Liesch (1617)
  • Johann Demler (1617–26)
  • Jakob Petri (1626–36)
  • Erhard Marx (1636–38)
  • Columban Meyer (1638–60)
  • Roman Suttler (1660–80)
  • Placidus Thalmann (1680–96)
  • Augustinus Müller (1696–1726)
  • Paulus Seeger (1726–43)
  • Benedikt Rischer (1743–63)
  • Jakob Trautwein (1763–92)
  • Bernhard Maria Schwörer (1792–1803/07)

Burials

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Handbook of Church History, (Hubert Jedin, John Patrick Dolan, eds.) Burns & Oates, 1969, p. 17
  2. ^ Clark, James G., The Benedictines in the Middle Ages, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2014, p. 33 ISBN 9781843839736
  3. ^ Schreiber, Aloys Wilhelm. The Traveller's Guide to the Rhine, A. and W. Galignani, 1825, p. 59
  4. ^ Scott, Tom.Town, Country, and Regions in Reformation Germany, Brill, 2005, p. 184 ISBN 9789047407232
  5. ^ "Benediktinerabtei Gengenbach - Detailseite - LEO-BW".
  6. ^ Cook, Joel. Switzerland, Picturesque and Descriptive, H. T. Coates & Company, 1904, p. 213

Further reading

[edit]
  • Buhlmann, M., 2004. Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., beim Verein für Heimatgeschichte St. Georgen und bei den St. Georgener Klosterspuren 2004. St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004 (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10)
  • Kähni, O., and John, H., (eds) 1980. Gengenbach in Handbuch der historischen Stätten Deutschlands, Bd.6: Baden-Württemberg, ed. Max Miller and Gerhard Taddey, 2nd ed., pp. 247f. Stuttgart: Kröner Tb 276.
  • Hitzfeld, K., (ed.), 1976. Gengenbach, in Die Benediktinerklöster in Baden-Württemberg, ed. F. Quarthal (= Germania Benedictina, vol.5), pp. 228–242. Ottobeuren.
[edit]

48°24′15″N 8°01′02″E / 48.40417°N 8.01722°E / 48.40417; 8.01722

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