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{{Infobox person |
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| honorific_prefix = Tiger of [[Bhati (region)|Bhati]] |
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| name = Shamsher Ghazi |
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| honorific_suffix = |
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| image = Shamsher Gazi.jpg |
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| native_name = শমসের গাজী |
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| native_name_lang = bn |
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| pronunciation = |
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| birth_name = <!-- only use if significantly different from common name --> |
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| birth_date = 1712 |
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| birth_place = [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila|Kungura]], [[Twipra Kingdom]] |
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| disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> |
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| disappeared_place = |
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| death_date = circa {{Death year and age|1760|1712}} |
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| death_cause = Cannon execution |
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| title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> |
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| term = [[Chakladar]] of [[Roshnabad]] |
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| predecessor = Nasir Mahmud |
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| successor = [[Manikya dynasty|Krishna Manikya]] |
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| mother = Kaiyara Bibi |
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| father = Peyar Muhammad Khan |
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}}[[File:শিল্পের পরিদর্শন.jpg|thumb|Reinterpreted fort of Shamsher Ghazi at a resort in [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila|Southern Chhagalnaiya]].]]{{Kingdom of Tripura}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Shamsher Gazi''' ({{langx|bn|শমসের গাজী}}; 1712–1760), also known as the '''Tiger of [[Bhati (region)|Bhati]]''' ({{langx|bn|ভাটির বাঘ|Bhatir Bagh}}),<ref name="Kader1988">{{cite book|last=Kader|first=M. Abdul |title=Historical Fallacies Unveiled|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6RAAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2015|year=1988|publisher=Islamic Foundation Bangladesh|page=181}}</ref> was a ruler of [[Roshnabad]] and [[Tripura]], which covers parts of modern-day [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]].{{NoteTag|Various other spellings in English such as Shamsher Ghazi and Samsher Gazi}} Gazi's reign (1748-1760) has been cited as the "most interesting episode" in Medieval Tripura's history.<ref name="Roychoudhury">{{cite book|last=Roychoudhury|first=Nalini Ranjan |title=Tripura through the ages: a short history of Tripura from the earliest times to 1947 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq0dAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2015|year=1983|publisher=Sterling|page=34|chapter=Shamser Gazi (1748-1760)}}</ref> |
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==Early life== |
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| ⚫ | '''Shamsher Gazi''' |
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Gazi was born into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family of farmers in the village of [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila|Kungura]], in 1712. His father was Peyar (other sources say ''[[Sufi pir|Pir]]'') Muhammad Khan and mother's name was Kaiyara Bibi.<ref>{{cite web|website=[[The Daily Sangram]]|url=http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=61547|access-date=12 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042351/http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=61547|script-title=bn:কিংবদন্তীর নায়ক ভাটির বাঘ বীর বাঙালি শমসের গাজী|language=bn|trans-title=Hero of legends, tiger of Bhati, valiant Bengali, Shamsher Ghazi|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> From an early age, he began to serve under and be brought up by Nasir Mahmud, a [[zamindar]] (landowner) of the [[Chakla]] of [[Roshnabad|Raushanabad]].<ref name=blp>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Shamsher Gazi|last=Nawaz|first=Ali}}</ref> Mahmud had become the ruler of Chakla Raushanabad by undertaking to give a monetary recompense to the erstwhile [[Nawab of Bengal]].<ref name="Roychoudhury p. 35">Roychoudhury, p. 35</ref> |
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== |
==Rule== |
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| ⚫ | The advent of the [[British East India Company]] with its "exploitation and oppression" alongside zamindari subjugation, made life of the peasants and farmers difficult and despondent. Shamsher Gazi's efficient rule freed them of this control. With the granting of rent exemption to the peasants, he managed to govern the economy in an appropriate manner, leading to the reduction of the prices of essential commodities.<ref name="Rāẏa1999">{{cite book|last=Rāẏa|first=Suprakāśa |title=Peasant Revolts And Democratic Struggles In India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=il9uAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2015|year=1999|publisher=ICBS (Delhi)|isbn=978-81-85971-61-2|page=24}}</ref> He was generous to both the Hindus and Muslims. He had ponds dug, naming them after himself, and built many schools in and outside his capital Jagannath Sonapur.<ref name="Sharma" /> 'Kaiyar Sagar' was one of the larger ponds in the area.<ref name=blp /> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Krishna Manikya, brother of Indra Manikya II, twice tried recapturing [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]] (old Rangamati), the old capital of Tripura, but was defeated by Gazi in 1748.<ref name="Roychoudhury p. 35">Roychoudhury, p. 35</ref> Consolidating his hold on Pargana Dakshinsik and Pargana Meherkul, Shamsher now became the ruler of Tripura.<ref>{{cite book|last=Roychoudhury|first=Nalini Ranjan |title=Tripura through the ages: a short history of Tripura from the earliest times to 1947 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq0dAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Sterling|page=35|chapter=Shamser Gazi (1748-1760)}}</ref> According to Mesbahul Huq's book ''Purbo Desh'', Gazi repelled assaults by the "plundering Moghs and Bargees".<ref name="(Bangladesh)1985">{{cite book|author=Bāṃlā Ekāḍemī (Bangladesh)|title=Bangla Academy Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r25jAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2015|volume=12-14|year=1985|publisher=Bangla Academy.}}</ref> Facing opposition from the kingdom's citizens, Gazi placed Udai Manikya's elder brother [[Lakshman Manikya|Banamali Thakur]] on the throne under the name Lakshman Manikya, though actual power remained with him. This continued for three years, though Lakshman failed to gain the support of the population.<ref name="Sharma" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Sur|first=Hirendra Kumar|title=British Relations with the State of Tripura, 1760-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSouAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Saraswati Book Depot|page=14}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The advent of [[British |
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| ⚫ | Krishna Manikya, who had fled to [[Agartala]], sought help from [[Mir Qasim]], the Nawab of Bengal. Heeding the outcry, Gazi was arrested by Qasim by subterfuge for his excesses and put to death by a cannon. Referred to as a "notorious plunderer" in the [[Tippera District]], [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]] and [[Chittagong]] areas,<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book|last1= Sharma|first1=Suresh Kant |last2=Sharma|first2=Usha |title=Discovery of North-East India: Geography, History, Culture, Religion, Politics, Sociology, Science, Education and Economy. Tripura. Volume eleven|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8Mq1NU9Ml4C&pg=PA24|accessdate=29 October 2015|year=2005|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-8324-045-1|page=24}}</ref> the Manikya dynasty regained their kingdom. |
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| ⚫ | |||
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| ⚫ | *''Gazinama'', also called the ''Shamsher Gazi Nama'',<ref name="BHS">{{cite book|title=Bangladesh Historical Studies|url= |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | *''Gazinama'', also called the ''Shamsher Gazi Nama'',<ref name="BHS">{{cite book|title=Bangladesh Historical Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDZuAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2015|year=1977|publisher=Bangladesh Itihas Samiti.|page=151}}</ref> composed in the first part of the 19th century, was the story of Shamser Gazni written by Manohar Saikh.<ref name="Roychoudhury p. 112">Roychoudhury, p. 112</ref> |
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*''Purbo Desh'' in Bengali, by Mesbahul Huq about the life and exploits of Shamsher Gazni.<ref name="(Bangladesh)1985" /> |
*''Purbo Desh'' in Bengali, by Mesbahul Huq about the life and exploits of Shamsher Gazni.<ref name="(Bangladesh)1985" /> |
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| ⚫ | *''The Ballad of Shamsher- Gazi'' published by Maulavi Lutfur Khabir of Tipperah.<ref name="Davy1928">{{cite book|last=Davy|first=Sir Humphry|title=The collected works of Sir Humphry Davy ...: Discourses delivered before the Royal society. Elements of agricultural chemistry, pt. I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sE4uAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2015|year=1928|publisher=Smith, Elder and Company}}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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| ⚫ | *''The Ballad of Shamsher- Gazi'' published by Maulavi Lutfur Khabir of Tipperah.<ref name="Davy1928">{{cite book|last=Davy|first=Sir Humphry|title=The collected works of Sir Humphry Davy ...: Discourses delivered before the Royal society. Elements of agricultural chemistry, pt. I|url= |
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{{notefoot}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gazi, Shamsher}} |
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[[Category:1712 births]] |
[[Category:1712 births]] |
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[[Category:1760 deaths]] |
[[Category:1760 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Comilla District]] |
[[Category:Comilla District]] |
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[[Category:People from Feni District]] |
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[[Category:18th-century Bengalis]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:49, 22 October 2024
Tiger of Bhati Shamsher Ghazi | |
|---|---|
শমসের গাজী | |
 | |
| Born | 1712 |
| Died | circa 1760 (aged 47–48) |
| Cause of death | Cannon execution |
| Term | Chakladar of Roshnabad |
| Predecessor | Nasir Mahmud |
| Successor | Krishna Manikya |
| Parents |
|
Shamsher Gazi (Bengali: শমসের গাজী; 1712–1760), also known as the Tiger of Bhati (Bengali: ভাটির বাঘ, romanized: Bhatir Bagh),[1] was a ruler of Roshnabad and Tripura, which covers parts of modern-day Bangladesh and India.[note 1] Gazi's reign (1748-1760) has been cited as the "most interesting episode" in Medieval Tripura's history.[2]
Early life
[edit]Gazi was born into a Bengali Muslim family of farmers in the village of Kungura, in 1712. His father was Peyar (other sources say Pir) Muhammad Khan and mother's name was Kaiyara Bibi.[3] From an early age, he began to serve under and be brought up by Nasir Mahmud, a zamindar (landowner) of the Chakla of Raushanabad.[4] Mahmud had become the ruler of Chakla Raushanabad by undertaking to give a monetary recompense to the erstwhile Nawab of Bengal.[5]
Rule
[edit]The advent of the British East India Company with its "exploitation and oppression" alongside zamindari subjugation, made life of the peasants and farmers difficult and despondent. Shamsher Gazi's efficient rule freed them of this control. With the granting of rent exemption to the peasants, he managed to govern the economy in an appropriate manner, leading to the reduction of the prices of essential commodities.[6] He was generous to both the Hindus and Muslims. He had ponds dug, naming them after himself, and built many schools in and outside his capital Jagannath Sonapur.[7] 'Kaiyar Sagar' was one of the larger ponds in the area.[4]
Krishna Manikya, brother of Indra Manikya II, twice tried recapturing Udaipur (old Rangamati), the old capital of Tripura, but was defeated by Gazi in 1748.[5] Consolidating his hold on Pargana Dakshinsik and Pargana Meherkul, Shamsher now became the ruler of Tripura.[8] According to Mesbahul Huq's book Purbo Desh, Gazi repelled assaults by the "plundering Moghs and Bargees".[9] Facing opposition from the kingdom's citizens, Gazi placed Udai Manikya's elder brother Banamali Thakur on the throne under the name Lakshman Manikya, though actual power remained with him. This continued for three years, though Lakshman failed to gain the support of the population.[7][10]
Krishna Manikya, who had fled to Agartala, sought help from Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal. Heeding the outcry, Gazi was arrested by Qasim by subterfuge for his excesses and put to death by a cannon. Referred to as a "notorious plunderer" in the Tippera District, Noakhali and Chittagong areas,[7] the Manikya dynasty regained their kingdom.
In books
[edit]- Gazinama, also called the Shamsher Gazi Nama,[11] composed in the first part of the 19th century, was the story of Shamser Gazni written by Manohar Saikh.[12]
- Purbo Desh in Bengali, by Mesbahul Huq about the life and exploits of Shamsher Gazni.[9]
- The Ballad of Shamsher- Gazi published by Maulavi Lutfur Khabir of Tipperah.[13]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Various other spellings in English such as Shamsher Ghazi and Samsher Gazi
References
[edit]- ^ Kader, M. Abdul (1988). Historical Fallacies Unveiled. Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. p. 181. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Roychoudhury, Nalini Ranjan (1983). "Shamser Gazi (1748-1760)". Tripura through the ages: a short history of Tripura from the earliest times to 1947 A.D. Sterling. p. 34. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ কিংবদন্তীর নায়ক ভাটির বাঘ বীর বাঙালি শমসের গাজী [Hero of legends, tiger of Bhati, valiant Bengali, Shamsher Ghazi]. The Daily Sangram (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
- ^ a b Nawaz, Ali (2012). "Shamsher Gazi". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
- ^ a b Roychoudhury, p. 35
- ^ Rāẏa, Suprakāśa (1999). Peasant Revolts And Democratic Struggles In India. ICBS (Delhi). p. 24. ISBN 978-81-85971-61-2. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ a b c Sharma, Suresh Kant; Sharma, Usha (2005). Discovery of North-East India: Geography, History, Culture, Religion, Politics, Sociology, Science, Education and Economy. Tripura. Volume eleven. Mittal Publications. p. 24. ISBN 978-81-8324-045-1. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Roychoudhury, Nalini Ranjan (1983). "Shamser Gazi (1748-1760)". Tripura through the ages: a short history of Tripura from the earliest times to 1947 A.D. Sterling. p. 35.
- ^ a b Bāṃlā Ekāḍemī (Bangladesh) (1985). Bangla Academy Journal. Vol. 12–14. Bangla Academy. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Sur, Hirendra Kumar (1986). British Relations with the State of Tripura, 1760-1947. Saraswati Book Depot. p. 14.
- ^ Bangladesh Historical Studies. Bangladesh Itihas Samiti. 1977. p. 151. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Roychoudhury, p. 112
- ^ Davy, Sir Humphry (1928). The collected works of Sir Humphry Davy ...: Discourses delivered before the Royal society. Elements of agricultural chemistry, pt. I. Smith, Elder and Company. Retrieved 29 October 2015.