Iftikhar al-Dawla: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m →Defence of Jerusalem: Fixing incoming links to Christian to sort out bad links., replaced: Christians → Christians |
|||
| (24 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|11th c. Fatimid governor of Jerusalem}} |
|||
| ⚫ | '''Iftikhar al-Dawla''' ({{ |
||
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} |
|||
{{Infobox person |
|||
| name = Iftikhar al-Dawla |
|||
| image = |
|||
| native_name = إفتخار الدولة |
|||
| native_name_lang = ar |
|||
| birth_date = |
|||
| birth_place = |
|||
| death_date = |
|||
| death_place = |
|||
| nationality = [[Fatimid]] |
|||
| known_for = Being the governor of [[Jerusalem]] during the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1099)|1099 siege of the city]] |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | '''Iftikhar al-Dawla''' ({{langx|ar|إفتخار الدولة||pride [[al-Dawla|of the dynasty]]}}) was the [[Fatimid]] governor of [[Jerusalem]] during the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1099)|siege of 1099]]. On 15 July, he surrendered Jerusalem to [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond of Saint-Gilles]]<ref>Count of Toulouse (1093–1105) and marquis of Provence (1066–1105).</ref> in the [[Tower of David]] and was escorted out of the city with his bodyguard.<ref name=crusades>Crusades. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25603 Encyclopædia Britannica Online].</ref> |
||
| ⚫ | Little is known about Iftikhar al-Dawla, although he is mentioned as governor of [[Ashkelon|Ascalon]] following the fall of Jerusalem, which suggests he was Fatimid governor of the whole of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. |
||
| ⚫ | Little is known about Iftikhar al-Dawla, although he is mentioned as governor of [[Ashkelon|Ascalon]] following the fall of Jerusalem, which suggests he was Fatimid governor of the whole of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].{{Sfn|Nicolle|2003|p=19}} The Syrian chronicler [[Bar-Hebraeus]] refers to him as an [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] man. [[Usama ibn Munqidh]]'s [[autobiography]] mentions an emir of the local castles of [[Abu Qubays, Syria|Abu Qubays]], [[Qadmus]] and [[Kaff al-Jaa|al-Kaf]] called Iftikhar al-Dawla whose sister was married to Ibn Munqidh's uncle, the ruler of [[Shaizar|Shayzar]].{{Sfn|Nicolle|2003|p=19}} |
||
Tasso, The Liberation of Jerusalem, canto 3.60 says that he met Godfrey of Bouillon “in the high court of France where I came as Egypt’s envoy long ago.” (Max Wickert translation.) |
|||
==Defence of Jerusalem== |
==Defence of Jerusalem== |
||
Iftikhar al-Dawla had a strong garrison of Arab and Sudanese troops. Hearing of the advance of the [[Franks]] he poisoned the wells outside Jerusalem; moved livestock from the pastures inside the city walls and sent urgently to [[Egypt]] for reinforcements. |
Iftikhar al-Dawla had a strong garrison of Arab and Sudanese troops. Hearing of the advance of the [[Franks]] he [[Well poisoning|poisoned the wells]] outside Jerusalem; moved livestock from the pastures inside the city walls and sent urgently to [[Egypt]] for reinforcements.{{Sfn|Runciman|1992|pp=181–184}} He then ordered all [[Christians]], then the majority of the population, to evacuate the city, but allowed [[Jew]]s to remain within.{{Sfn|Runciman|1992|pp=181–184}} Although the garrison was well-supplied it was insufficient to man all the walls and was overwhelmed after a siege lasting six weeks.<ref name=crusades/> |
||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
| Line 11: | Line 28: | ||
==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
||
*Geary, Patrick J. (2003). ''Readings in Medieval History''. Broadview Press. {{ISBN|1-55111-550-6}} |
*Geary, Patrick J. (2003). ''Readings in Medieval History''. Broadview Press. {{ISBN|1-55111-550-6}} |
||
* |
* {{cite book |author-link=David Nicolle |last=Nicolle |first=David |date=2003 |title=The First Crusade 1096–1099: Conquest of the Holy Land |publisher=Osprey |isbn=1-84176-515-5}} |
||
* |
* {{cite book |author-link=Steven Runciman |last=Runciman |first=Steven |date=1992 |title=The First Crusade |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-42705-3}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iftikhar Al-Dawla}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iftikhar Al-Dawla}} |
||
[[Category:Generals of the Fatimid Caliphate]] |
[[Category:Generals of the Fatimid Caliphate]] |
||
[[Category:11th century in Jerusalem]] |
[[Category:11th century in Jerusalem]] |
||
[[Category:11th-century people |
[[Category:11th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate]] |
||
[[Category:12th-century people |
[[Category:12th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate]] |
||
[[Category:Arab generals]] |
[[Category:Arab generals]] |
||
[[Category:Shia Muslims]] |
[[Category:11th-century Shia Muslims]] |
||
[[Category:12th-century Shia Muslims]] |
|||
[[Category:Muslims of the First Crusade]] |
[[Category:Muslims of the First Crusade]] |
||
[[Category:11th-century Arab people]] |
|||
[[Category:12th-century Arab people]] |
|||
[[Category:Palestine under the Fatimid Caliphate]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 13:14, 21 October 2024
Iftikhar al-Dawla | |
|---|---|
إفتخار الدولة | |
| Nationality | Fatimid |
| Known for | Being the governor of Jerusalem during the 1099 siege of the city |
Iftikhar al-Dawla (Arabic: إفتخار الدولة, lit. 'pride of the dynasty') was the Fatimid governor of Jerusalem during the siege of 1099. On 15 July, he surrendered Jerusalem to Raymond of Saint-Gilles[1] in the Tower of David and was escorted out of the city with his bodyguard.[2]
Little is known about Iftikhar al-Dawla, although he is mentioned as governor of Ascalon following the fall of Jerusalem, which suggests he was Fatimid governor of the whole of Palestine.[3] The Syrian chronicler Bar-Hebraeus refers to him as an Egyptian man. Usama ibn Munqidh's autobiography mentions an emir of the local castles of Abu Qubays, Qadmus and al-Kaf called Iftikhar al-Dawla whose sister was married to Ibn Munqidh's uncle, the ruler of Shayzar.[3]
Tasso, The Liberation of Jerusalem, canto 3.60 says that he met Godfrey of Bouillon “in the high court of France where I came as Egypt’s envoy long ago.” (Max Wickert translation.)
Defence of Jerusalem
[edit]Iftikhar al-Dawla had a strong garrison of Arab and Sudanese troops. Hearing of the advance of the Franks he poisoned the wells outside Jerusalem; moved livestock from the pastures inside the city walls and sent urgently to Egypt for reinforcements.[4] He then ordered all Christians, then the majority of the population, to evacuate the city, but allowed Jews to remain within.[4] Although the garrison was well-supplied it was insufficient to man all the walls and was overwhelmed after a siege lasting six weeks.[2]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Count of Toulouse (1093–1105) and marquis of Provence (1066–1105).
- ^ a b Crusades. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
- ^ a b Nicolle 2003, p. 19.
- ^ a b Runciman 1992, pp. 181–184.
Bibliography
[edit]- Geary, Patrick J. (2003). Readings in Medieval History. Broadview Press. ISBN 1-55111-550-6
- Nicolle, David (2003). The First Crusade 1096–1099: Conquest of the Holy Land. Osprey. ISBN 1-84176-515-5.
- Runciman, Steven (1992). The First Crusade. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42705-3.
Categories:
- Generals of the Fatimid Caliphate
- 11th century in Jerusalem
- 11th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
- 12th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
- Arab generals
- 11th-century Shia Muslims
- 12th-century Shia Muslims
- Muslims of the First Crusade
- 11th-century Arab people
- 12th-century Arab people
- Palestine under the Fatimid Caliphate