Yu (percussion instrument): Difference between revisions
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{{For|the ancient Chinese mouth organ|Yu (wind instrument)}} |
{{For|the ancient Chinese mouth organ|Yu (wind instrument)}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}} |
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}} |
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[[Image:台南市孔廟文物收藏樂器.JPG|thumb|250px| |
[[Image:台南市孔廟文物收藏樂器.JPG|thumb|250px|A yu in the [[Taiwan Confucian Temple]]]] |
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{{chinese |
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The '''''yu''''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|敔}}}}; pinyin: yǔ) was a wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a [[tiger]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Musical instruments of the world|last=Diagram Group.|date=1976|publisher=Published for Unicef by Facts On File|isbn=0871963205|pages=131|oclc=223164947}}</ref> with a serrated back comprising 27 "teeth", used since ancient times in China for [[Confucianism|Confucian]] court ritual music. It was played by striking its head three times with a [[bamboo]] [[whisk]] made from approximately 15 stalks of bamboo, and then scraping it across the serrated back once to mark the end of a piece of music or Confucian service. |
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The '''yu'''<!--Chinese in infobox; cf [[WP:MOS-ZH]]--> is an [[idiophone|idiophonic]] [[tigers in Chinese culture|tiger]]-shaped [[percussion instrument]] that was used in ''[[yayue]]'', the [[ritual music]] of [[ancient China]]'s [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] [[list of Chinese dynasties|dynasty]]. |
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==Form== |
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The ''yu'' is mentioned along with another percussion instrument called ''[[Zhu (percussion instrument)|zhu]]'' ([[wikt:柷|柷]]) in pre-[[Qin Dynasty]] annals; it also appears in the ''[[Classic of History]]''. |
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The yu is a hollow wooden box shaped and usually painted to resemble a tiger.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Musical instruments of the world|last=Diagram Group.|date=1976|publisher=Published for Unicef by Facts On File|isbn=0871963205|pages=131|oclc=223164947}}</ref> The back is serrated with 27 teeth, sometimes positioned to match the stripes of the tiger. |
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==Performance== |
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As used in Korean ceremonial music, this instrument is called ''eo'' (hangul: [[wikt:어|어]]; hanja: [[wikt:敔|敔]]), and as formerly used in Vietnamese ceremonial music, it was called ''[[wikt:ngữ|ngữ]]'' (Hán tự: [[wikt:敔|敔]]). |
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The yu is played with a [[bamboo]] [[whisk]] with about 15 tines. The whisk is used to strike the head and to run across the serrated back. |
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==Use== |
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The ''yu'' was also used in [[Shao]] music. |
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In antiquity, the yu was used to mark the end of a piece of music. The head was struck three times and then the back was crossed once to bring the music to a close. This contrasted with the [[zhu (percussion instrument)|zhu]], a tapered hollow box whose inner bottom surface was struck to mark the beginning of music. Both instruments appear in Zhou-era annals and the [[Classic of History]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinamedley.com/langyuan/zhu_2/ |title=柷 |access-date=2002-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020615063818/http://www.chinamedley.com/langyuan/zhu_2/ |archive-date=2002-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but are now rarely used, with surviving examples usually simply displayed in museums and [[Confucian temple]]s. The [[Classic of Music]] that instructed creation and use of the ''[[yayue]]'' instruments is almost entirely lost, and aspects of modern construction and performance are guesswork or replacement. Nonetheless, a few temples{{mdash}}including the main [[Taiwan Confucian Temple]]{{mdash}}still use them for [[Confucianism|Confucian]] ceremonies. The reconstructed form is also used in [[Shaoxing Opera]].{{fact|date=March 2023}} |
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==Legacy== |
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The [[Korean music|Korean]] [[eo (instrument)|eo]]<!--Korean at link--> is essentially identical to the yu and continues to be used in Korean ritual music. The [[Vietnamese music|Vietnamese]] ngu ({{langx|vi|{{linktext|ngữ}}}} [[Han Tu|or]] {{lang|vi|{{linktext|敔}}}}) is also essentially identical to the yu. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:Idiophones]] |
[[Category:Idiophones]] |
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[[Category:Chinese musical instruments]] |
[[Category:Chinese musical instruments]] |
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{{China-music-stub}} |
{{China-music-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 13:14, 20 October 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2019) |
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The yu is an idiophonic tiger-shaped percussion instrument that was used in yayue, the ritual music of ancient China's Zhou dynasty.
Form
[edit]The yu is a hollow wooden box shaped and usually painted to resemble a tiger.[1] The back is serrated with 27 teeth, sometimes positioned to match the stripes of the tiger.
Performance
[edit]The yu is played with a bamboo whisk with about 15 tines. The whisk is used to strike the head and to run across the serrated back.
Use
[edit]In antiquity, the yu was used to mark the end of a piece of music. The head was struck three times and then the back was crossed once to bring the music to a close. This contrasted with the zhu, a tapered hollow box whose inner bottom surface was struck to mark the beginning of music. Both instruments appear in Zhou-era annals and the Classic of History[2] but are now rarely used, with surviving examples usually simply displayed in museums and Confucian temples. The Classic of Music that instructed creation and use of the yayue instruments is almost entirely lost, and aspects of modern construction and performance are guesswork or replacement. Nonetheless, a few temples—including the main Taiwan Confucian Temple—still use them for Confucian ceremonies. The reconstructed form is also used in Shaoxing Opera.[citation needed]
Legacy
[edit]The Korean eo is essentially identical to the yu and continues to be used in Korean ritual music. The Vietnamese ngu (Vietnamese: ngữ or 敔) is also essentially identical to the yu.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Diagram Group. (1976). Musical instruments of the world. Published for Unicef by Facts On File. p. 131. ISBN 0871963205. OCLC 223164947.
- ^ "柷". Archived from the original on 2002-06-15. Retrieved 2002-06-15.
External links
[edit]
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