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{{short description|Archbishop of Canterbury from 1828 to 1842}}
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{{refimprove|date=April 2016}}
{{for|the Newfoundland lawyer and politician|William R. Howley}}
{{for|the Newfoundland lawyer and politician|William R. Howley}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox Archbishop
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100|MRevd|&RHon}}
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100%|MRevd|&RHon}}
| name = William Howley
| name = William Howley
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| archbishop_of = Archbishop of Canterbury
| archbishop_of = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
| image = AbpWilliamHowley.jpg
| image = William Howley by William Owen.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Portrait by [[William Owen (painter)|William Owen]]
| caption =
| province = Canterbury
| province = Canterbury
| diocese = Canterbury
| diocese = Canterbury
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| successor = [[John Bird Sumner]]
| successor = [[John Bird Sumner]]
| ordination =
| ordination =
| consecration =
| consecration = 10 October 1813
| consecrated_by = [[Charles Manners-Sutton]]
| other_post =
| other_post =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 12 February 1766
| birth_date = 12 February 1766
| birth_place = [[Ropley]], [[Hampshire]], England
| birth_place = [[Ropley]], [[Hampshire]], England
| death_date = 11 February 1848
| death_date = 11 February 1848 (aged 81)
| death_place = [[Lambeth]], [[Surrey]], England
| death_place = [[Lambeth]], [[Surrey]], England
| buried = [[Addington, London#St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church|St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church]], [[Addington, London]]
| buried = [[Addington, London#St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church|St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church]], [[Addington, London]]
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| profession =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| signature = William Howley Signature.svg
<!----------Sainthood---------->
| feast_day =
| feast_day =
| venerated =
| venerated =
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| shrine =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =
| suppressed_date =
}}
}}{{Portal|Anglicanism}}
'''William Howley''' (1766&ndash;1848) was a clergyman in the [[Church of England]]. He served as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1828 to 1848.
'''William Howley''' (12 February 1766 – 11 February 1848) was a clergyman in the [[Church of England]]. He served as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1828 to 1848.


==Early Life, education, and interests==
==Early life, education, and interests==
Howley was born in 1766 at Ropley, Hampshire, where his father was vicar. He was educated at [[Winchester College]] and in 1783 went to [[New College, Oxford]]. He became Chaplain to the Marquess of Abercorn in 1792, whose influence was critical in advancing his early career. In 1809 he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford University (as well as previously becoming a Fellow of Winchester and a [[Canon (priest)|Canon]] of [[Christ Church, Oxford]] in 1804.)
Howley was born in 1766 at [[Ropley]], Hampshire, where his father was vicar. He was educated at [[Winchester College]] and in 1783 went to [[New College, Oxford]]. He became Chaplain to the [[Marquess of Abercorn]] in 1792, whose influence was critical in advancing his early career.<ref name=Garrard>{{cite book |title=Archbishop Howley, 1828–1848 |first= James|last= Garrard (The Rev'd Canon)|edition= (Prev. published Ashgate, 2015) |location= London|publisher= Routledge|date= 2016|isbn= 9781472451330 }}</ref>{{rp|3}} In 1809 he was appointed [[Regius Professor of Divinity]] at [[Oxford University]]<ref name=Garrard />{{rp|6}} (as well as previously becoming a Fellow of Winchester and a [[Canon (priest)|Canon]] of [[Christ Church, Oxford]] in 1804).


He was an active English [[Freemason]], having joined the 'Royal York [[Masonic lodge|Lodge]]' in [[Bristol]] on 21 December 1791,<ref>{{cite book |title=Freemasonry in Bristol |first1=A.C.|last1=Powell |first2=S.|last2=Littlejohn |edition=First |location=Bristol|publisher=Bennett Brothers |year=1910 |isbn=}}</ref> aged 25, and served the lodge regularly until his elevation to the [[episcopate]] took him to London.<ref>See also the ''Freemasons' Review'', June 1844 edition - Howley's masonry was a well known contemporary fact.</ref><ref>See also the ''Freemasons' Quarterly Review'', first quarter, 1835 - a survey of the Archbishop's masonic career.</ref>
He was an active English [[Freemason]], having joined the 'Royal York [[Masonic lodge|Lodge]]' in [[Bristol]] on 21 December 1791,<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Freemasonry in Bristol |first1=Arthur Cecil|last1=Powell |first2=Joseph|last2=Littleton |edition=First |location=Bristol|publisher=Bennett Brothers |year=1910 }}</ref> aged 25, and served the lodge regularly until around the turn of the century, including serving as [[Worshipful Master|Master]] of the Lodge.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date= June 1844|title= Presentation to Dr George Oliver|journal= The Freemasons' Quarterly Review|postscript= (Referencing Howley's Mastership)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date= June 1835|title= From the Herald|journal= The Freemasons' Quarterly Review|postscript= (An account of the initiation)}}</ref>


In October 1813, at [[Lambeth Palace]], he was consecrated [[Bishop of London]], a post he was to occupy until 1828, when he became Archbishop of Canterbury.
In October 1813, at [[Lambeth Palace]], he was consecrated [[Bishop of London]], a post he was to occupy until 1828, when he became Archbishop of Canterbury.


==Life as Archbishop of Canterbury==
==Life as Archbishop of Canterbury==
[[File:William Howley, Bishop of London (1766-1848) by Francis Leggatt Chantrey.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marble]] [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of Howley by [[Joseph Nollekens]], 1821. [[Yale Center for British Art]]]]
[[File:William Howley, Bishop of London (1766-1848) by Francis Leggatt Chantrey.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Marble]] [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of Howley by [[Francis Leggatt Chantrey|Francis Chantrey]], 1821. [[Yale Center for British Art]]]]
Howley was Archbishop during the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts (1828), the [[Catholic Relief Act 1829|Emancipation of the Catholics]] (1829) and the passing of the [[Reform Act 1832|Great Reform Act]] (1832). The bench of bishops was generally opposed to all three measures. As archbishop, Howley was their spokesman, and his heart-felt opposition to the Great Reform Act led to his carriage being attacked in the streets of Canterbury.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assault On His Grace The Archbishop Of Canterbury|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=1832-08-10|page=3|issue=14927}}</ref>
Howley was Archbishop during the [[Sacramental Test Act 1828]] (repealing the [[Test and Corporation Acts]]), the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829]] and the [[Great Reform Act 1832]]. The bench of bishops was generally opposed to all three measures. As archbishop, Howley was their spokesman, and his heart-felt opposition to the Great Reform Act led to his carriage being attacked in the streets of Canterbury.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assault on His Grace The Archbishop of Canterbury|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=1832-08-10|page=3|issue=14927}}</ref>


Like very many other bishops at that time, Howley was an "old-[[High Church]]man." These inherited a tradition of high views of the sacraments from the [[Caroline Divines]] and their successors. They held Catholic beliefs but were consistently anti-Roman. They were often despised by the more extreme [[Tractarian]]s and their beliefs were often obscured, for example, in [[Richard William Church]]'s classic account of the [[Oxford Movement]].
Like very many other bishops at that time, Howley was an "old-[[High Church]]man." These inherited a tradition of high views of the sacraments from the [[Caroline Divines]] and their successors. They held Catholic beliefs but were consistently anti-Roman. In this they differed from the more extreme [[Tractarian]]s and their beliefs were often obscured,{{how|date=November 2022}} for example, in [[Richard William Church]]'s classic account of the [[Oxford Movement]].


Archbishop Howley presided over the coronation of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] and [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]] in 1831. At 5 a.m. on 20 June 1837, accompanied by the [[Lord Chamberlain]], [[Francis Nathaniel Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham|the Marquis Conyngham]], the Archbishop went to [[Kensington Palace]] to inform [[Queen Victoria|Princess Victoria]] that she was now [[Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]].
Archbishop Howley presided over the coronation of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] and [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]] in 1831. He supported William IV in blocking the appointment of [[Connop Thirwall]].


At 5.00 a.m. on 20 June 1837, accompanied by the [[Lord Chamberlain]], [[Francis Nathaniel Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham|the Marquess Conyngham]], the Archbishop went to [[Kensington Palace]] to inform [[Queen Victoria|Princess Victoria]] that she was now [[Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]. He presided at her [[coronation]] on 28 June 1838.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/406993/queen-victoria-receiving-the-sacrament-at-her-coronation-28-june-1838|title=Charles Robert Leslie (1794-1859) - Queen Victoria Receiving the Sacrament at her Coronation, 28 June 1838|website=www.rct.uk}}</ref>
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Architecture was of particular interest to him. During his career, he initiated the renovation and rebuilding of: his official house at Oxford, his town residence while Bishop of London (32 [[St. James's Square]]), [[Fulham Palace]] (also while he was Bishop of London), and finally, extensive renovations to Lambeth Palace. This last project was a virtual reconstruction of the Palace carried out by [[Edward Blore]], the work beginning after 1828 and done mainly in the [[Gothic Revival]] style. It took several years and cost upwards of £60,000.

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[[File:Victoriatothrone.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Queen Victoria]] receiving the news of her accession to the throne. The archbishop is on the right.]]
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Architecture was of particular interest to him. During his career, he initiated the renovation and rebuilding of: his official house at Oxford, his town residence while Bishop of London (32 [[St James's Square]]), [[Fulham Palace]] (also while he was Bishop of London), and finally, extensive renovations to Lambeth Palace. This last project was a virtual reconstruction of the Palace carried out by [[Edward Blore]], the work beginning after 1828 and done mainly in the [[Gothic Revival]] style. It took several years and cost upwards of £60,000.
⚫
William Howley was married on 29 August 1805 to Mary Frances Belli, a daughter of John Belli, [[EICS]], (1740–1805) of Southampton who had been Private Secretary to [[Warren Hastings]]. The Howleys had two sons and three daughters; neither son reached adulthood. One of his daughters married [[Sir George Beaumont, 8th Baronet|Sir George Howland Willoughby Beaumont]], a nephew of [[Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet]]. William Howley died in 1848 and was interred at [[Addington, London|Addington]] after an elaborate funeral.
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[[File:Victoriatothrone.jpg|thumb|[[Queen Victoria]] receiving the news of her accession to the throne. The archbishop is on the right.]]

==Family life==
[[File:William Howley Memorial in the Chancel of the Church of Saint Mary the Blessed Virgin, Addington (01).jpg|thumb|right|The memorial to Howley in the chancel of the Church of Saint Mary the Blessed Virgin, Addington]]
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William Howley was married on 29 August 1805 to Mary Frances Belli, a daughter of John Belli, EICS, (1740–1805) of Southampton who had been Private Secretary to [[Warren Hastings]]. The Howleys had two sons and three daughters; neither son reached adulthood. One of his daughters married Sir George Howland Willoughby Beaumont, a nephew of [[Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet]]. William Howley died in 1848 1 day before his 82nd birthday, and was interred at [[Addington, London|Addington]] after an elaborate funeral.


==References==
==References==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{cite book|first=James|last=Garrard|title=Archbishop Howley 1828-1848|location=Farnham|publisher=Ashgate|year=2015|series=The Archbishops of Canterbury Series|isbn=978-1-4724-5133-0}}
* {{cite book|first=James|last=Garrard|title=Archbishop Howley 1828–1848|location=Farnham|publisher=Ashgate|year=2015|series=The Archbishops of Canterbury Series|isbn=978-1-4724-5133-0}}


==External links==
==External links==
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* {{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk:8080/Archives/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='FP/Howley') Howley's papers as Bishop of London]
*[http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk:8080/Archives/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='FP/Howley') Howley's papers as Bishop of London]
*[http://anglicanhistory.org/england/whowley/ Bibliographic directory] from [[Project Canterbury]]
*[http://anglicanhistory.org/england/whowley/ Bibliographic directory] from [[Project Canterbury]]

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{{Commons category|William Howley}}


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{{S-bef|before=[[John Randolph (Bishop of London)|John Randolph]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Bishop of London]]|years=1813–1828}}
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{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}
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{{Bishops of London}}
{{Portalbar|Biographies|Christianity|England|History|United Kingdom}}

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[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:1848 deaths]]
[[Category:1848 deaths]]
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[[Category:Members of The Club]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
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[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
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[[Category:Bishops of London]]
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[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]]
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[[Category:19th-century Anglican archbishops]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Mary's Church, Addington]]
[[Category:Burials at St Mary's Church, Addington]]
[[Category:Regius Professors of Divinity (University of Oxford)]]
[[Category:Regius Professors of Divinity (University of Oxford)]]
[[Category:People from Ropley]]

Latest revision as of 07:30, 16 October 2024

For the Newfoundland lawyer and politician, see William R. Howley.

The Most Reverend and Right Honourable

William Howley
Archbishop of Canterbury
Portrait by William Owen
ProvinceCanterbury
DioceseCanterbury
SeeCanterbury
Installed1828
Term ended1848
PredecessorCharles Manners-Sutton
SuccessorJohn Bird Sumner
Orders
Consecration10 October 1813
by Charles Manners-Sutton
Personal details
Born12 February 1766
Ropley, Hampshire, England
Died11 February 1848 (aged 81)
Lambeth, Surrey, England
BuriedSt Mary the Blessed Virgin Church, Addington, London
SignatureWilliam Howley's signature

William Howley (12 February 1766 – 11 February 1848) was a clergyman in the Church of England. He served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1828 to 1848.

Early life, education, and interests

[edit]

Howley was born in 1766 at Ropley, Hampshire, where his father was vicar. He was educated at Winchester College and in 1783 went to New College, Oxford. He became Chaplain to the Marquess of Abercorn in 1792, whose influence was critical in advancing his early career.[1]: 3  In 1809 he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford University[1]: 6  (as well as previously becoming a Fellow of Winchester and a Canon of Christ Church, Oxford in 1804).

He was an active English Freemason, having joined the 'Royal York Lodge' in Bristol on 21 December 1791,[2] aged 25, and served the lodge regularly until around the turn of the century, including serving as Master of the Lodge.[3][4]

In October 1813, at Lambeth Palace, he was consecrated Bishop of London, a post he was to occupy until 1828, when he became Archbishop of Canterbury.

Life as Archbishop of Canterbury

[edit]
Marble bust of Howley by Francis Chantrey, 1821. Yale Center for British Art

Howley was Archbishop during the Sacramental Test Act 1828 (repealing the Test and Corporation Acts), the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 and the Great Reform Act 1832. The bench of bishops was generally opposed to all three measures. As archbishop, Howley was their spokesman, and his heart-felt opposition to the Great Reform Act led to his carriage being attacked in the streets of Canterbury.[5]

Like very many other bishops at that time, Howley was an "old-High Churchman." These inherited a tradition of high views of the sacraments from the Caroline Divines and their successors. They held Catholic beliefs but were consistently anti-Roman. In this they differed from the more extreme Tractarians and their beliefs were often obscured,[how?] for example, in Richard William Church's classic account of the Oxford Movement.

Archbishop Howley presided over the coronation of William IV and Queen Adelaide in 1831. He supported William IV in blocking the appointment of Connop Thirwall.

At 5.00 a.m. on 20 June 1837, accompanied by the Lord Chamberlain, the Marquess Conyngham, the Archbishop went to Kensington Palace to inform Princess Victoria that she was now Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He presided at her coronation on 28 June 1838.[6]

Architecture was of particular interest to him. During his career, he initiated the renovation and rebuilding of: his official house at Oxford, his town residence while Bishop of London (32 St James's Square), Fulham Palace (also while he was Bishop of London), and finally, extensive renovations to Lambeth Palace. This last project was a virtual reconstruction of the Palace carried out by Edward Blore, the work beginning after 1828 and done mainly in the Gothic Revival style. It took several years and cost upwards of £60,000.

Queen Victoria receiving the news of her accession to the throne. The archbishop is on the right.

Family life

[edit]
The memorial to Howley in the chancel of the Church of Saint Mary the Blessed Virgin, Addington

William Howley was married on 29 August 1805 to Mary Frances Belli, a daughter of John Belli, EICS, (1740–1805) of Southampton who had been Private Secretary to Warren Hastings. The Howleys had two sons and three daughters; neither son reached adulthood. One of his daughters married Sir George Howland Willoughby Beaumont, a nephew of Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet. William Howley died in 1848 1 day before his 82nd birthday, and was interred at Addington after an elaborate funeral.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Garrard (The Rev'd Canon), James (2016). Archbishop Howley, 1828–1848 ((Prev. published Ashgate, 2015) ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 9781472451330.
  2. ^ Powell, Arthur Cecil; Littleton, Joseph (1910). A History of Freemasonry in Bristol (First ed.). Bristol: Bennett Brothers.
  3. ^ "Presentation to Dr George Oliver". The Freemasons' Quarterly Review. June 1844(Referencing Howley's Mastership){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  4. ^ "From the Herald". The Freemasons' Quarterly Review. June 1835(An account of the initiation){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ^ "Assault on His Grace The Archbishop of Canterbury". The Times. No. 14927. London. 10 August 1832. p. 3.
  6. ^ "Charles Robert Leslie (1794-1859) - Queen Victoria Receiving the Sacrament at her Coronation, 28 June 1838". www.rct.uk.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Garrard, James (2015). Archbishop Howley 1828–1848. The Archbishops of Canterbury Series. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4724-5133-0.
[edit]
Academic offices
Preceded by Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford
1809–1813 		Succeeded by
Church of England titles
Preceded by Bishop of London
1813–1828 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Archbishop of Canterbury
1828–1848 		Succeeded by
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