A1 in London: Difference between revisions

A1
A1
	The complex junction at the Archway interchange
Major junctions
South end	City of London
North end	Continues to Edinburgh
Location
Country	United Kingdom
Road network
	Roads in the United Kingdom; Motorways; A and B road zones;

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The A1 in London is the southern part of the A1 road. It starts at Aldersgate in the City of London, passing through the capital to Borehamwood on the northern fringe of Greater London, before continuing to Edinburgh. The road travels through the City and three London boroughs: Islington, Haringey and Barnet, which include the districts of Islington, Holloway, Highgate, Hendon and Mill Hill, and travels along Upper Street and Holloway Road, crossing the North Circular Road in Hendon, a district in the London Borough of Barnet.

The A1 is the most recent in a series of routes north out of London to York and beyond. It was designated in 1921 by the Ministry of Transport under the Great Britain road numbering scheme, comprising existing roads and streets, mostly historic, and later using stretches of purpose-built new roads in what is now the outer London borough of Barnet. The Archway Road section was built by Thomas Telford using Roman cement and gravel, an innovative technique that was used there for the first time, and is the basis for modern road building.^[1]^[2] The route closely follows the historic route of the Great North Road, though from 1954 it has diverted round the congested suburbs of Finchley and High Barnet along modern roads constructed in the 1920s and 1930s.

The A1 is one of London's main roads, providing a link to the M1 and the A1(M) motorways, and on to the Midlands, Northern England and Scotland. Despite this, its main use is to connect a number of neighbourhoods within north London; less than 5% of its vehicles are through traffic – the bulk is local.^[3] The roads along which the A1 route travels are the shared responsibility of the local boroughs, the Greater London Authority, and the British Government via the Department for Transport.

History

The A1 is the latest in a series of routes north from London to York and beyond, and was formed in 1921 by the Ministry of Transport as part of the Great Britain road numbering scheme.^[4] The earliest documented northern routes out of London are the roads created by the Romans during the period 43 to 410 AD, which consisted of a variety of "Iters" on the Antonine Itinerary,^[5] a combination of which were used by the Anglo-Saxons as the route from London to York, and which became known as Ermine Street.^[6] Ermine Street later became known as the Old North Road,^[7] and is used within London by the current A10.^[8] By the 12th century, because of flooding and damage by traffic on Ermine Street, an alternative route out of London was found through Islington and Muswell Hill, and this was the origin of the Great North Road that would become the A1.^[8]^[9] Until the 14th century the route went up what is now Hornsey Road – the A103 road, but when that became impassable a new route along Holloway Road via Highgate was created in the 14th century.^[8]^[10] The section through Highgate was bypassed in the early 19th century by the creation of a new road, Archway Road, and around the same time a turnpike road, New North Road and Canonbury Road (the A1200 road), was constructed linking the start of the Old North Road around Shoreditch with the Great North Road at Highbury Corner.^[11]

The route of the A1 in London originally started at Aldersgate Bars, which marked the boundary of the City of London, and followed the Great North Road mail coach route through Barnet;^[12] the route was re-designated in 1954 to follow the East Finchley and Barnet by-passes built in the 1920s and 1930s,^[7]^[13] so within London the coaching route is now mainly only followed when passing through the borough of Islington.^[14] During the early 1970s plans to widen the A1 along the Archway Road section were abandoned after considerable opposition and four public inquiries during which road protesters disrupted proceedings.^[15] The scheme was finally dropped in 1990.^[16]

Governance

Responsibility for the roads along which the A1 route travels are shared by the individual local boroughs, the Greater London Authority (GLA), and the British Government. The first organised London-wide authority dealing with roads in London was the Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW), set up in 1856.^[17] The MBW replaced the disparate turnpike trusts which had already been amalgamated in 1826 into the single control of Government Commissioners, and was itself replaced by the London County Council (LCC) in 1889.^[17] The LCC became the Greater London Council (GLC) in 1965, and during the 1960s when traffic management in London was being modernised, and the London Ringways was proposed, the GLC, which was not in favour of increasing traffic into central London, had control of the inner London roads, while the government, through the Ministry of Transport, which was in favour of widening roads, had control of outer London.^[3] These different approaches resulted in the Ministry of Transport widening a stretch of the A1 until it reached the control of the GLC, when the widening abruptly stopped.^[3]

Due to the problems associated with two different and opposing bodies having responsibility for London's roads, the government were keen to take control of the major routes, and made plans in 1983 for the Department of Transport to take over 70 miles of road, including significant parts of the A1; when the GLC was abolished in 1986, the Department of Transport took over direct control of the 70 miles of major routes, plus had a significant influence on another 300.^[18] In 2000 control of roads in London passed to Transport for London,^[19] a department of GLA created in 2000 as part of the Greater London Authority Act 1999,^[20] and the major roads, including the A1, were declassified as trunk roads.^[21]

Route

The route of the A1 in London runs from the northern end of St. Martin's Le Grand in the City to Borehamwood in Hertfordshire, then travels on the northern fringe of Greater London to Bignell's Corner, where it crosses the M25 and becomes a motorway, designated A1(M), which alternates with the dual carriageway A1 as it continues to Edinburgh. The London section of the road passes through part of the City of London and three London boroughs: Islington, Haringey and Barnet. The A1 is one of London's main northern routes,^[3] providing a link to the M1 motorway and the A1(M) motorway, and on to the Midlands, Northern England and Scotland. It connects a number of major areas within London, and sections of it serve as the High Street for many of the now-joined villages that make up north London. Even though it is one of London's major roads, less than 5% of its approximate 60,000 vehicles a day are through traffic – the bulk is local.^[3]

City of London

The current start of the A1 is the modern roundabout at the northern end of St. Martin's Le Grand where it meets Aldersgate Street, near the site of the now demolished General Post Office, London, the headquarters of the Post Office from 1829 to 1910.^[22] When originally designated in 1921 the A1 started a little further north along Aldersgate Street at Aldersgate Bars,^[12] which marked the boundary of the City, though some later maps indicate it starting at the southern end of St. Martin's Le Grand, near St Paul's Cathedral.^[23] The route runs north from Aldersgate along Aldersgate Street which is a modern dual carriageway, and from the 13th century was known as a wide street with fine buildings and travellers' inns;^[24]^[25] these were destroyed or badly damaged during the Blitz, and from 1965 to 1976 the 40 acre (162,000m²) Barbican Estate, an arts complex and residential estate, was constructed along the entire eastern side of the street.^[26] At the end of Aldersgate Street stood Aldersgate Bars, which marked the limits of the City of London.^[27]

Islington

The route enters the London Borough of Islington at Goswell Road becoming a single carriageway running north from the border of the City to Angel through a mix of offices and urban housing. Goswell Road and St John Street were the ancient routes from the City to Islington,^[28] with St John Street being the start of the Great North Road until the General Post Office headquarters was built at St Martin's-le-Grand in 1829, whereafter stagecoaches used Aldersgate Street and Goswell Road.^[29] The New River originally flowed across Goswell Road, but is now underground and no trace of it can be seen at the surface.^[30] The street was reported in 1720 to be "meanly built and inhabited", containing numerous inns and brothels, and it largely remained a slum area until the rebuilding that took place after the Second World War – in particular the residential development outward from the Barbican and Golden Lane estates since 1980, replacing warehouses with flats.^[27]

At the northern end of Goswell Road, the route northwards follows a one-way section to the Angel, turning right into Islington High Street. The southwards route from Islington High Street follows City Road for a short distance before joining Goswell Road via Wakley Street. The earliest reference to Islington High Street is its appearance on a 1590 map of the area. At this time, nine inns (including the Angel, which subsequently gave its name to the area), as well as housing and a public pond were shown lining the street.^[31] The Peacock Inn, one of the nine inns, and which operated on Islington High Street from 1564 to 1962, was where Tom of Tom Brown's Schooldays stayed prior to travelling to Rugby School.^[32] In 1716, Islington High Street came under the control of the newly formed Islington Turnpike Trust. The Trust grew rapidly and soon had control of most major roads in the area, building a number of major road arteries through the expanding residential areas, including Caledonian Road, Euston Road, City Road and New North Road.^[33]

Upper Street, running roughly north from Islington High Street to Highbury Corner, is the main shopping street of Islington, and dates back to at least the 12th century.^[34] Livestock herded along the Great North Road for Smithfield Market, would – when passing through what was mainly fields and farmland – pause at lairs built between Upper Street and Liverpool Road by an enterprising farmer, Richard Laycock;^[35] Laycock's lairs would be used in 1861 for the site of the Royal Agricultural Hall,^[36] and a number of pubs and shops existed along the street to serve farmers and travellers headed for Smithfield.^[37] In the 18th century, Upper Street began to develop from an agricultural to a residential area. Ten houses were built in 1768 (later named Hornsey Row), and a further group built immediately south of Hornsey Row in 1792.^[38] Liverpool Road, originally called Back Road, was used as an alternative to Upper Street for the Smithfield herders,^[39] and both streets have a "high pavement" constructed to protect pedestrians from being splashed by the passing animals; in places, the pavement is approximately 1 m above the road surface.^[40]

After reaching the eight-way interchange at Highbury Corner, the A1 turns north-west as Holloway Road. Until the 14th century the route turned off along what is now Hornsey Road – the A103 road – to go through Muswell Hill, but when that became impassable a new route along Holloway Road via Highgate was created in the 14th century.^[8]^[10] The earliest record giving the name of the road as the Holloway dates from 1307. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from 1000. The names ceased to be used by the late 17th century but are still preserved in the local place names "Tollington Park" and "Stroud Green";^[41] since that time, the area has been known as Holloway. The northern point of Holloway Road is the complex interchange at Archway. The construction of the interchange left a few buildings isolated in the centre of the roundabout, including the Archway Tavern, which appears on the cover of the Kinks' 1971 album Muswell Hillbillies.^[42]

Haringey

After the Archway roundabout, the A1 enters a cutting, and becomes Archway Road. The original road north went up the very steep Highgate Hill (now the B519) to the village of Highgate. By 1808 this was proving unsuitable for increasingly heavy traffic, and a road, crossing the hill through a tunnel at a shallower gradient, was proposed by a mining engineer, Robert Vazie; a turnpike trust – the Highgate Archway Company – was set up and work started in 1810.^[2] The brick built tunnel collapsed during construction on 13 April 1812, and John Nash constructed a brick bridge, using a series of arches like a canal viaduct, to carry Hornsey Lane over what was now a cutting.^[2]

Nash's Archway Bridge, a little way south of the current bridge,^[43] and the new Archway Road were opened in 1813, though the road surface, being constructed of sand and gravel, proved difficult for heavy traffic.^[44] Parliamentary Commissioners took over the road, and John Benjamin Macneill, chief engineer to Thomas Telford, proposed using Roman cement and gravel,^[45] an innovative technique that was used for the first time on Archway Road, and is the basis for modern road building.^[1]^[2] The construction was financed by tolls which were abolished in 1876 – traffic increased substantially thereafter, particularly after the introduction of trams on the road.^[46]

Between 1897 and 1900, Nash's bridge was replaced with the present cast-iron Hornsey Lane Bridge, designed by Sir Alexander Binnie, accessible from the Archway Road level by a steep flight of steps.^[46] Hornsey Lane Bridge, designated a Grade II listed building by English Heritage in 1972,^[47]^[48] is informally called "Suicide Bridge" as it is a known suicide spot.^[49] It was the venue for the mental illness campaign group Mad Pride's inaugural vigil in 2000,^[50] and was the subject of Johnny Burke's 2006 film The Bridge.^[51] When, at the end of 2010, three men in three weeks committed suicide by jumping from the bridge, a campaign was set up by local residents for better anti-suicide measures to be put in place.^[49] Hornsey Lane and the bridge marks the boundary between the Inner London Borough of Islington and the Outer London Borough of Haringey.^[52]

An inquiry was held into widening the section from the Archway intersection to the Hornsey Lane Bridge to a three lane dual carriageway in 1969 and work started in 1971.^[53] It was originally intended to widen a further section of the road, but severe disruption led to the first inquiry being abandoned in 1978,^[54] and a second inquiry in 1984, chaired by Air Marshal Sir Michael Giddings, was also abandoned.^[55]^[56] The traffic flow was projected to increase to 180,000 cars a day by 1981, but by 1986 the actual flow was only 30,000 a day.^[3]

When originally constructed, Archway Road went through countryside with few buildings – though by 1828 the Woodman pub at the junction with Muswell Hill Road, and the now demolished Wellington pub at the junction with North Hill provided refreshments to travellers;^[57] however, with the coming of the railways in 1867 ribbon development started along the road, including the Camra Heritage listed Winchester Tavern with the distinctive attached parade of shops and house with deep arched eaves built by the Imperial Property Investment Co in 1881.^[57]^[58]^[59] At the northern end of Archway Road, the road re-intersects with the traditional Great North Road route (at this point called North Hill). The roads almost immediately re-diverge, with the Great North Road route heading north as the A1000 towards Finchley, Whetstone and Barnet and the A1 heading west as Aylmer Road.^[60]

Aylmer Road is a very short stretch of road, running west for less than half a mile between the junction with the A1000 in Haringey to the junction with The Bishops Avenue in Barnet.^[61] The southern side of the road is partly taken up by Highgate Golf Course, while the northern side is a mixture of small shops, flats and allotments.^[62] The road is named after Sir Fenton Aylmer,^[63] who received the Victoria Cross for his part in the assault on Nilt Fort on 2 December 1891.^[64]

Barnet

After crossing The Bishops Avenue, the A1 becomes Lyttelton Road, which was laid out in 1931 as part of the residential development of the area,^[65] and runs east–west along the northern foot of Highgate Hill between Hampstead Garden Suburb and East Finchley. It is for the most part residential; on the northern side stands the Belvedere Court block of flats. Built with the road in the 1930s, the building is now Grade II Listed as an example of 1930s architecture.^[66]

After passing playing fields to the south, the A1 briefly becomes Market Place, a former street market that has evolved into a short stretch of shops, then becomes Falloden Way – built between 1914 and 1924 as part of a programme of planned extensions to Hampstead Garden Suburb,^[67] and runs on an embankment due to a dip in the ground caused by Mutton Brook, a tributary of the River Brent, which runs parallel to the road for its entire length, mostly along the south side. The north side of the road is occupied by 1930s housing blocks, whilst the southern side is occupied by a narrow strip of parkland following the brook, and by the northern tip of Big Wood and Little Wood – two of the few surviving remnants of the ancient woodland that once covered what is now north London.^[68]

The A1 merges with the North Circular Road (A406) and the two routes run briefly together, crossing over the Henlys Corner interchange. Henlys Corner is a junction with the 1820s turnpike road, Finchley Road, which was built to provide a by-pass to the route north from London through Hampstead;^[69] the name changes to Regents Park Road on the northern, Finchley, side of the junction. The junction had an £8 million upgrade completed in January 2012,^[70] which included Britain's first "hands-free" pedestrian crossing to allow Orthodox Jews to reach the nearby Finchley Synagogue, one of Europe's largest,^[71] without operating machinery on the Sabbath.^[72] While a synagogue has stood on the site since 1935, the current building dates from 1967.^[73]

After the Henlys Corner interchange, the routes diverge, with the A406 going south to Brent Cross, while the A1 turns north-west as Great North Way through the leafy suburbs of Mill Hill and Hendon. Great North Way, built in 1926, joins Watford Way carrying the A41, completed in 1927, at Fiveways Corner, and in 1970 a junction with the M1 motorway was created.^[74] The A41 and A1 continue together as Watford Way via Mill Hill Circus to Apex Corner,^[75] where they separate, with the A41 turning west, and the A1 turning to run straight north. After passing Apex Corner, the A1 runs north and out of London as the dual carriageway Barnet Way (or Barnet Bypass). This dual carriageway was part of a 1920–24 road improvement programme that was mentioned in parliament in 1928 as hopefully being completed by the end of that summer.^[76]^[77]

The northbound carriageway passes the entrance to Scratchwood, an area of ancient forest which is now a local nature reserve, then crosses the A411 from Watford to Barnet at the Stirling Corner roundabout. A 0.6 miles (0.97 km) proposed link road at this roundabout, estimated at £22.8m in 1987, would have provided access to the M1,^[78]^[79] but the plans were subsequently abandoned. The link had been planned during discussions for the Hendon Urban Motorway, which was intended to carry the M1 all the way down to Hyde Park Corner as part of the London Ringways scheme;^[80] the interchange would have been junction 3 on the motorway; which is currently the unnumbered junction for London Gateway services.^[81]

Past Stirling Corner, the A1 skirts Borehamwood, before turning northeast and running through open countryside to Bignell's Corner. At Bignell's Corner the A1 crosses under the M25 motorway at a large roundabout near South Mimms services. North of Bignell's Corner the A1 becomes the A1(M) motorway for a while, and follows the Great North Road route, running north to Edinburgh.

Construction

The A1 route was designated in 1921 by the Ministry of Transport under the Great Britain road numbering scheme.^[4] Through the inner boroughs of the City, Islington, and Haringey it uses existing roads and streets; when it reaches what is now the outer London borough of Barnet, some stretches of purpose-built new roads were built,^[65] and others have been widened and made into dual carriageways.^[3] In 1828, John Benjamin Macneill, chief engineer to Thomas Telford, used Roman cement and gravel to solve problems with wear and tear on the Archway Road section of what is now the A1,^[45] an innovative technique that was used there for the first time, and is the basis for modern road building.^[1]^[2]

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^ Claire Carter (6 September 2013). "UK to get first hands-free pedestrian crossing so devout Jews can cross the road". the Telegraph. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
^ "Finchley Judaism". A History of the County of Middlesex. 6: 91. 1980. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
^ A P Baggs; Diane K Bolton; Eileen P Scarff; G C Tyack (1976). "Communications". In T F T Baker; R B Pugh (eds.). A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham. Victoria County History. pp. 2–5.
^ A-Z London. Sevenoaks: Geographer's A-Z Map Company Ltd. 2002. ISBN 1-84348-020-4.
^ Roy Porter (5 October 2000). London: A Social History. Penguin UK. p. 501. ISBN 9780140105933. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
^ "BARNET BY-PASS. (Hansard, 21 June 1928)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 21 June 1928. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
^ Paul Channon (11 January 1989). "Flying Displays". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ John MacGregor (18 January 1994). "Transport Schemes". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ Peter Baldwin; John Porter; Robert Baldwin (2004). The Motorway Achievement: Visualisation of the British Motorway System: Policy and Administration. Thomas Telford. p. 155. ISBN 9780727731968.
^ Nick Atkinson (2011). "Why is there no junction 3 on the M1 motorway?". guardian.co.uk. The Guardian. pp. Notes & Queries. Retrieved 8 December 2012.

KML file (edit • help)

Template:Attached KML/A1 in London

KML is from Wikidata

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[59] A P Baggs; Diane K Bolton; M A Hicks; R B Pugh (1980). T F T Baker; C R Elrington (eds.). A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate. Victoria County History. pp. 122–135. Retrieved 7 December 2012.

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[70] Kate Jenkinson (16 January 2012). "Synagogue thankful for safer crossing at Henlys Corner". Hendon & Finchley Times. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[71] Sara McConnell (1 September 2006). "Your guide to Jewish London". The Times. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008.

[72] Claire Carter (6 September 2013). "UK to get first hands-free pedestrian crossing so devout Jews can cross the road". the Telegraph. Retrieved 8 November 2019.

[73] "Finchley Judaism". A History of the County of Middlesex. 6: 91. 1980. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.

[74] A P Baggs; Diane K Bolton; Eileen P Scarff; G C Tyack (1976). "Communications". In T F T Baker; R B Pugh (eds.). A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham. Victoria County History. pp. 2–5.

[75] A-Z London. Sevenoaks: Geographer's A-Z Map Company Ltd. 2002. ISBN 1-84348-020-4.

[76] Roy Porter (5 October 2000). London: A Social History. Penguin UK. p. 501. ISBN 9780140105933. Retrieved 5 December 2012.

[77] "BARNET BY-PASS. (Hansard, 21 June 1928)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 21 June 1928. Retrieved 5 December 2012.

[78] Paul Channon (11 January 1989). "Flying Displays". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[79] John MacGregor (18 January 1994). "Transport Schemes". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[80] Peter Baldwin; John Porter; Robert Baldwin (2004). The Motorway Achievement: Visualisation of the British Motorway System: Policy and Administration. Thomas Telford. p. 155. ISBN 9780727731968.

[81] Nick Atkinson (2011). "Why is there no junction 3 on the M1 motorway?". guardian.co.uk. The Guardian. pp. Notes & Queries. Retrieved 8 December 2012.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|The section of A1 road in Greater London}}
+{{Short description|Section of road in London}}
 {{About|the section of the road in London|the full extent of the road|A1 road (Great Britain)}}
 {{good article}}
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
 {{Infobox road
-|country=ENG
+|country=GBR
 |type=A
 |route=1
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 [[File:A1 in London 1923.jpg|thumb|left|175px|The start of the A1 in London at the time of classification in 1921]]
-The A1 is the latest in a series of routes north from London to [[York]] and beyond, and was formed in 1921 by the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]] as part of the [[Great Britain road numbering scheme]].<ref name=CBRD>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbrd.co.uk/indepth/roadnumbers/history.shtml |title=CBRD » In Depth » Road Numbers » How it happened |author=Chris Marshall |work=cbrd.co.uk |year=2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724050836/http://www.cbrd.co.uk/indepth/roadnumbers/history.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The earliest documented northern routes out of London are the [[Roman roads in Britain|roads created by the Romans]] during the period 43 to 410 AD, which consisted of a variety of "Iters" on the [[Antonine Itinerary]],<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.roman-britain.org/antonine-itinerary.htm |title=Roman Roads in Britain – Antonine Itinerary |publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |year=1903 |work=roman-britain.org |author=Thomas Codrington |access-date=23 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703033434/http://roman-britain.org/antonine-itinerary.htm |archive-date=3 July 2011 }}</ref> a combination of which were used by the Anglo-Saxons as the route from London to York, and which became known as [[Ermine Street]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/Topics/Engineering/roads/Britain/_Texts/CODROM/4*.html#1 |title=LacusCurtius • Codrington's Roman Roads in Britain – Chapter 4 |author =Thomas Codrington  |work=penelope.uchicago.edu  |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> Ermine Street later became known as the Old North Road,<ref name=Pevsner>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rVHqBvtuLyMC&pg=PA98 |title=London 4: North |author1=Bridget Cherry |author2=Nikolaus Pevsner |page=98|publisher=Yale University Press|date= 11 March 1998 |isbn=0300096534 |access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> and is used within London by the current [[A10 road (England)|A10]].<ref name=London>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sAA9olZqPSMC&pg=PA343 |title=The London Encyclopedia  |page=343|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |publisher=Pan Macmillan|year= 2009 |access-date=23 August 2011 |isbn= 978-1-4050-4925-2}}</ref> By the 12th century, because of flooding and damage by traffic on Ermine Street, an alternative route out of London was found through Islington and [[Muswell Hill]], and this was the origin of the [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]] that would become the A1.<ref name=London/><ref name=Goddard>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp66hfjBogcC&pg=PA14 |title=Great North Road  |author =Frank Goddard|page=14|publisher=Frances Lincoln Ltd|year=2004 |access-date=23 August 2011 |isbn= 978-0-7112-2446-9}}</ref> Until the 14th century the route went up what is now Hornsey Road – the [[A103 road]], but when that became impassable a new route along Holloway Road via Highgate was created in the 14th century.<ref name=London/><ref name=Holloway>{{cite book|author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=Patricia E C Croot |title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes|editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=C R Elrington |publisher=Victoria County History|year=1985|pages=3–8|chapter=Communications|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=7111&strquery=}}</ref> The section through Highgate was bypassed in the early 19th century by the creation of a new road, Archway Road, and around the same time a turnpike road, New North Road and Canonbury Road (the [[A1200 road]]), was constructed linking the start of the Old North Road around [[Shoreditch]] with the Great North Road at Highbury Corner.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA580 |title=The London Encyclopaedia |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |page=580|publisher=Pan Macmillan|date= 9 May 2011 |isbn=9780230738782 |access-date=5 December 2012|edition=3rd }}</ref>
+The A1 is the latest in a series of routes north from London to [[York]] and beyond, and was formed in 1921 by the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]] as part of the [[Great Britain road numbering scheme]].<ref name=CBRD>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbrd.co.uk/indepth/roadnumbers/history.shtml |title=CBRD » In Depth » Road Numbers » How it happened |author=Chris Marshall |work=cbrd.co.uk |year=2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724050836/http://www.cbrd.co.uk/indepth/roadnumbers/history.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The earliest documented northern routes out of London are the [[Roman roads in Britain|roads created by the Romans]] during the period 43 to 410 AD, which consisted of a variety of "Iters" on the [[Antonine Itinerary]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-britain.org/antonine-itinerary.htm |title=Roman Roads in Britain – Antonine Itinerary |publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |year=1903 |work=roman-britain.org |author=Thomas Codrington |access-date=23 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703033434/http://roman-britain.org/antonine-itinerary.htm |archive-date=3 July 2011 }}</ref> a combination of which were used by the Anglo-Saxons as the route from London to York, and which became known as [[Ermine Street]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/Topics/Engineering/roads/Britain/_Texts/CODROM/4*.html#1 |title=LacusCurtius • Codrington's Roman Roads in Britain – Chapter 4 |author =Thomas Codrington  |work=penelope.uchicago.edu  |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> Ermine Street later became known as the Old North Road,<ref name=Pevsner>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rVHqBvtuLyMC&pg=PA98 |title=London 4: North |author1=Bridget Cherry |author2=Nikolaus Pevsner |page=98|publisher=Yale University Press|date= 11 March 1998 |isbn=0300096534 |access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> and is used within London by the current [[A10 road (England)|A10]].<ref name=London>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sAA9olZqPSMC&pg=PA343 |title=The London Encyclopedia  |page=343|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |publisher=Pan Macmillan|year= 2009 |access-date=23 August 2011 |isbn= 978-1-4050-4925-2}}</ref> By the 12th century, because of flooding and damage by traffic on Ermine Street, an alternative route out of London was found through Islington and [[Muswell Hill]], and this was the origin of the [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]] that would become the A1.<ref name=London/><ref name=Goddard>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp66hfjBogcC&pg=PA14 |title=Great North Road  |author =Frank Goddard|page=14|publisher=Frances Lincoln Ltd|year=2004 |access-date=23 August 2011 |isbn= 978-0-7112-2446-9}}</ref> Until the 14th century the route went up what is now Hornsey Road – the [[A103 road]], but when that became impassable a new route along Holloway Road via Highgate was created in the 14th century.<ref name=London/><ref name=Holloway>{{cite book|author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=Patricia E C Croot |title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes|editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=C R Elrington |publisher=Victoria County History|year=1985|pages=3–8|chapter=Communications|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=7111&strquery=}}</ref> The section through Highgate was bypassed in the early 19th century by the creation of a new road, Archway Road, and around the same time a turnpike road, New North Road and Canonbury Road (the [[A1200 road]]), was constructed linking the start of the Old North Road around [[Shoreditch]] with the Great North Road at Highbury Corner.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA580 |title=The London Encyclopaedia |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |page=580|publisher=Pan Macmillan|date= 9 May 2011 |isbn=9780230738782 |access-date=5 December 2012|edition=3rd }}</ref>
-The route of the A1 in London originally started at Aldersgate Bars, which marked the boundary of the [[City of London]], and followed the Great North Road [[mail coach]] route through [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]];<ref name="HMSO">{{cite book |url=http://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=1922_Road_Lists/Zone_1_Class_I|title=List of Class I and Class II Roads and Numbers|author =Ministry of Transport|publisher=[[HMSO]]|year=1923}}</ref> the route was re-designated in 1954 to follow the East Finchley and Barnet by-passes built in the 1920s and 1930s,<ref name=Pevsner/><ref name=Barnet>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbhistory.co.uk/transport/motorways.html|title=A1/The Barnet By-Pass/A1(M)|publisher=PBHistory.co.uk|access-date=6 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207033644/http://www.pbhistory.co.uk/transport/motorways.html|archive-date=7 February 2012}}</ref> so within London the coaching route is now mainly only followed when passing through the borough of Islington.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great North Road |author =Norman W. Webster| year=1974|publisher=Adams and Dart |isbn=978-0-239-00142-9}}</ref> During the early 1970s plans to widen the A1 along the [[#Archway_Road|Archway Road section]] were abandoned after considerable opposition and four public inquiries during which [[Road protest in the United Kingdom|road protesters]] disrupted proceedings.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hyg-AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA62|title=Transport planning, vision and practice|isbn=978-0-7100-0844-2|author1=John Adams|year=1981}}</ref> The scheme was finally dropped in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadblock.org.uk/resources/roadsvictories.pdf |title=Road Victories |work=Road Block |access-date=22 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216104935/http://www.roadblock.org.uk/resources/roadsvictories.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
+The route of the A1 in London originally started at Aldersgate Bars, which marked the boundary of the [[City of London]], and followed the Great North Road [[mail coach]] route through [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]];<ref name="HMSO">{{cite book |url=http://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=1922_Road_Lists/Zone_1_Class_I|title=List of Class I and Class II Roads and Numbers|author =Ministry of Transport|publisher=[[HMSO]]|year=1923}}</ref> the route was re-designated in 1954 to follow the East Finchley and Barnet by-passes built in the 1920s and 1930s,<ref name=Pevsner/><ref name=Barnet>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbhistory.co.uk/transport/motorways.html|title=A1/The Barnet By-Pass/A1(M)|publisher=PBHistory.co.uk|access-date=6 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207033644/http://www.pbhistory.co.uk/transport/motorways.html|archive-date=7 February 2012}}</ref> so within London the coaching route is now mainly only followed when passing through the borough of Islington.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great North Road |author =Norman W. Webster| year=1974|publisher=Adams and Dart |isbn=978-0-239-00142-9}}</ref> During the early 1970s plans to widen the A1 along the [[#Archway_Road|Archway Road section]] were abandoned after considerable opposition and four public inquiries during which [[Road protest in the United Kingdom|road protesters]] disrupted proceedings.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hyg-AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA62|title=Transport planning, vision and practice|isbn=978-0-7100-0844-2|author1=John Adams|year=1981|publisher=Routledge & K. Paul }}</ref> The scheme was finally dropped in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadblock.org.uk/resources/roadsvictories.pdf |title=Road Victories |work=Road Block |access-date=22 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216104935/http://www.roadblock.org.uk/resources/roadsvictories.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
 {{clear}}
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ===City of London===
-The current start of the A1 is the modern [[roundabout]] at the northern end of [[St. Martin's Le Grand]] where it meets [[Aldersgate Street]], near the site of the now demolished [[General Post Office, London]], the headquarters of the Post Office from 1829 to 1910.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sAA9olZqPSMC&pg=PA660 |title=The London Encyclopedia|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |page=660|publisher=Pan Macmillan|date= 1 June 2010 |isbn=9781405049252|access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref> When originally designated in 1921 the A1 started a little further north along Aldersgate Street at Aldersgate Bars,<ref name="HMSO"/> which marked the boundary of the City, though some later maps indicate it starting at the southern end of St. Martin's Le Grand, near [[St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A1: Portrait of a Road |author1=Jon Nicholson |author2=Nigel Richardson |page=6|publisher=Harper UK|date= 1 December 2000}}</ref>  The route runs north from [[Aldersgate]] along Aldersgate Street which is a modern dual carriageway, and from the 13th century was known as a wide street with fine buildings and travellers' inns;<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA14 |title=The London Encyclopaedia |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |page=14|publisher=Pan Macmillan|date= 1 June 2010 |isbn=9780230738782 |access-date=4 December 2012|edition=3rd }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yaRZ1cAMd2UC&pg=PA25 |title=London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions|page=25|author1=Henry Benjamin Wheatley |author2=Peter Cunningham |publisher=Cambridge University Press|date= 24 February 2011 |isbn=9781108028066|access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> these were destroyed or badly damaged during [[the Blitz]], and from 1965 to 1976 the 40 acre (162,000m²) [[Barbican Estate]], an arts complex and residential estate, was constructed along the entire eastern side of the street.<ref>{{cite web  | title =History of the Barbican Estate | publisher =City of London Corporation | url =http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/barbican_estate/history.htm  | access-date =10 May 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070315232309/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/barbican_estate/history.htm| archive-date = 15 March 2007}}</ref> At the end of Aldersgate Street stood Aldersgate Bars, which marked the limits of the City of London.<ref name=Charterhouse>{{cite book |url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=119421&strquery=Goswell%20Road#s5 |title=Charterhouse Square area – Charterhouse Street and other streets &#124; Survey of London: volume 46 (pp. 265–279) |author =Philip Temple |work=british-history.ac.uk |year=2008 |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>
+The current start of the A1 is the modern [[roundabout]] at the northern end of [[St. Martin's Le Grand]] where it meets [[Aldersgate Street]], near the site of the now demolished [[General Post Office, London]], the headquarters of the Post Office from 1829 to 1910.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sAA9olZqPSMC&pg=PA660 |title=The London Encyclopedia|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |page=660|publisher=Pan Macmillan|date= 1 June 2010 |isbn=9781405049252|access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref> When originally designated in 1921 the A1 started a little further north along Aldersgate Street at Aldersgate Bars,<ref name="HMSO"/> which marked the boundary of the City, though some later maps indicate it starting at the southern end of St. Martin's Le Grand, near [[St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A1: Portrait of a Road |author1=Jon Nicholson |author2=Nigel Richardson |page=6|publisher=Harper UK|date= 1 December 2000}}</ref>  The route runs north from [[Aldersgate]] along Aldersgate Street which is a modern dual carriageway, and from the 13th century was known as a wide street with fine buildings and travellers' inns;<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA14 |title=The London Encyclopaedia |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |page=14|publisher=Pan Macmillan|date= 1 June 2010 |isbn=9780230738782 |access-date=4 December 2012|edition=3rd }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yaRZ1cAMd2UC&pg=PA25 |title=London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions|page=25|author1=Henry Benjamin Wheatley |author2=Peter Cunningham |publisher=Cambridge University Press|date= 24 February 2011 |isbn=9781108028066|access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> these were destroyed or badly damaged during [[the Blitz]], and from 1965 to 1976 the 40 acre (162,000m²) [[Barbican Estate]], an arts complex and residential estate, was constructed along the entire eastern side of the street.<ref>{{cite web  | title =History of the Barbican Estate | publisher =City of London Corporation | url =http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/barbican_estate/history.htm  | access-date =10 May 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070315232309/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/our_services/barbican_estate/history.htm| archive-date = 15 March 2007}}</ref> At the end of Aldersgate Street stood Aldersgate Bars, which marked the limits of the City of London.<ref name=Charterhouse>{{cite book |author=Philip Temple |series=[[Survey of London]] |volume=46 |title=Charterhouse Square area – Charterhouse Street and other streets |date=2008 |pages=265–279 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=119421&strquery=Goswell%20Road#s5 |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>
 ===Islington===
-The route enters the [[London Borough of Islington]] at [[Goswell Road]] becoming a single carriageway running north from the border of the City to [[Angel, London|Angel]] through a mix of offices and urban housing. Goswell Road and [[St John Street, London|St John Street]] were the ancient routes from the City to Islington,<ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/b29309013 |title=History and description of the parish of Clerkenwell|page=[https://archive.org/details/b29309013/page/31 31]|author = Thomas Cromwell |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green|year= 1828 |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> with St John Street being the start of the [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]] until the [[General Post Office, London|General Post Office headquarters]] was built at St Martin's-le-Grand in 1829, whereafter stagecoaches used Aldersgate Street and Goswell Road.<ref>Norman W. Webster (1974)'' The Great North Road'': 22–23</ref> The [[New River (London)|New River]] originally flowed across Goswell Road, but is now underground and no trace of it can be seen at the surface.<ref>{{cite journal  | author =Patricia Croot | title =Islington Introduction  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex  | volume =8  | pages =1–3  | publisher =British History Online  | year =1985  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=8471  | access-date =11 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610055733/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=8471| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> The street was reported in 1720 to be "meanly built and inhabited", containing numerous inns and brothels, and it largely remained a slum area until the rebuilding that took place after the Second World War, and in particular the  residential development that spread out from the Barbican since 1980.<ref name=Charterhouse/>
+The route enters the [[London Borough of Islington]] at [[Goswell Road]] becoming a single carriageway running north from the border of the City to [[Angel, London|Angel]] through a mix of offices and urban housing. Goswell Road and [[St John Street, London|St John Street]] were the ancient routes from the City to Islington,<ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/b29309013 |title=History and description of the parish of Clerkenwell|page=[https://archive.org/details/b29309013/page/31 31]|author = Thomas Cromwell |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green|year= 1828 |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> with St John Street being the start of the [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]] until the [[General Post Office, London|General Post Office headquarters]] was built at St Martin's-le-Grand in 1829, whereafter stagecoaches used Aldersgate Street and Goswell Road.<ref>Norman W. Webster (1974)'' The Great North Road'': 22–23</ref> The [[New River (London)|New River]] originally flowed across Goswell Road, but is now underground and no trace of it can be seen at the surface.<ref>{{cite journal  | author =Patricia Croot | title =Islington Introduction  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex  | volume =8  | pages =1–3  | publisher =British History Online  | year =1985  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=8471  | access-date =11 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610055733/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=8471| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> The street was reported in 1720 to be "meanly built and inhabited", containing numerous inns and brothels, and it largely remained a slum area until the rebuilding that took place after the Second World War – in particular the  residential development outward from the [[Barbican Estate|Barbican]] and [[Golden Lane Estate|Golden Lane]] estates since 1980, replacing warehouses with flats.<ref name=Charterhouse/>
 [[File:James Pollard - North Country Mails at the Peacock, Islington - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Peacock Inn by [[James Pollard]], one of several travellers' inns that were on Islington High Street from the 16th to 19th centuries]]
-At the northern end of Goswell Road, the route northwards follows a one-way section to the Angel, turning right into Islington High Street. The southwards route from Islington High Street follows [[City Road]] for a short distance before joining Goswell Road via Wakley Street. The earliest reference to Islington High Street is its appearance on a 1590 map of the area. At this time, nine [[Public house#Inns|inn]]s (including the Angel, which subsequently gave its name to the area), as well as housing and a public pond were shown lining the street.<ref name=growth>{{cite journal
+At the northern end of Goswell Road, the route northwards follows a one-way section to the Angel, turning right into Islington High Street. The southwards route from Islington High Street follows [[City Road]] for a short distance before joining Goswell Road via Wakley Street. The earliest reference to Islington High Street is its appearance on a 1590 map of the area. At this time, nine [[Public house#Inns|inn]]s (including the Angel, which subsequently gave its name to the area), as well as housing and a public pond were shown lining the street.<ref name=growth>{{cite journal  | author =Patricia Croot  | title =Islington Growth  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex  | volume =8  | pages =9–19  | publisher =British History Online  | year =1985  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=6734  | access-date =11 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610055821/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=6734| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> The [[Peacock Inn, Islington|Peacock Inn]], one of the nine inns, and which operated on Islington High Street from 1564 to 1962, was where Tom of ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]'' stayed prior to travelling to [[Rugby School]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Places of Note |publisher=London Borough of Islington |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/Education/LocalHistory/BriefBoroughHistory/415.asp |access-date=11 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041110071316/http://www.islington.gov.uk/Education/LocalHistory/BriefBoroughHistory/415.asp |archive-date=10 November 2004 }}</ref> In 1716, Islington High Street came under the control of the newly formed Islington Turnpike Trust. The Trust grew rapidly and soon had control of most major roads in the area, building a number of major road arteries through the expanding residential areas, including [[Caledonian Road, London|Caledonian Road]], [[Euston Road]], [[City Road]] and [[New North Road, Islington|New North Road]].<ref>{{cite journal  | author =Patricia Croot  | title =Islington Communications  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex  | volume =8  | pages =3–8  | publisher =British History Online  | year =1985  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=7111  | access-date =11 May 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610060736/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=7111| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
-  | author =Patricia Croot
-  | title =Islington Growth
-  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex
-  | volume =8
-  | pages =9–19
-  | publisher =British History Online
-  | year =1985
-  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=6734
-  | access-date =11 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610055821/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=6734| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> The [[Peacock Inn, Islington|Peacock Inn]], one of the nine inns, and which operated on Islington High Street from 1564 to 1962, was where Tom of ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]'' stayed prior to travelling to [[Rugby School]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Places of Note |publisher=London Borough of Islington |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/Education/LocalHistory/BriefBoroughHistory/415.asp |access-date=11 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041110071316/http://www.islington.gov.uk/Education/LocalHistory/BriefBoroughHistory/415.asp |archive-date=10 November 2004 }}</ref> In 1716 Islington High Street came under the control of the newly formed Islington Turnpike Trust. The Trust grew rapidly and soon had control of most major roads in the area, building a number of major road arteries through the expanding residential areas, including [[Caledonian Road (London)|Caledonian Road]], [[Euston Road]], [[City Road]] and [[New North Road, Islington|New North Road]].<ref>{{cite journal
-  | author =Patricia Croot
-  | title =Islington Communications
-  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex
-  | volume =8
-  | pages =3–8
-  | publisher =British History Online
-  | year =1985
-  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=7111
-  | access-date =11 May 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610060736/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=7111| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
+[[Upper Street]], running roughly north from Islington High Street to Highbury Corner, is the main shopping street of [[Islington]], and dates back to at least the 12th century.<ref>{{cite web  | title =1811-Medieval Origins  |publisher=BBC  | url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/local_history/city/street_01.shtml?origins  | access-date =12 May 2007  }}</ref> Livestock herded along the Great North Road for [[Smithfield Market]], would – when passing through what was mainly fields and farmland – pause at lairs built between Upper Street and [[Liverpool Road]] by an enterprising farmer, Richard Laycock;<ref>{{cite book|editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=C R Elrington |author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=Patricia E C Croot|title=A History of the County of Middlesex |publisher=Victoria County History|year=1985|volume=8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes |pages=69–76|chapter=Islington: Economic history|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=999&strquery=Smithfield|access-date=6 December 2012}}</ref> Laycock's lairs would be used in 1861 for the site of the [[Royal Agricultural Hall]],<ref>{{cite book|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |title=The London Encyclopaedia |publisher=Pan Macmillan|date=9 May 2011|edition=3)|page=708|isbn=9780230738782 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA708}}</ref> and a number of pubs and shops existed along the street to serve farmers and travellers headed for Smithfield.<ref>{{cite book|author =William Gaspey|title=Tallis's Illustrated London|publisher=J. Tallis|year=1851|page=[https://archive.org/details/tallissillustra02gasp/page/215 215]|url=https://archive.org/details/tallissillustra02gasp}}</ref> In the 18th century, Upper Street began to develop from an agricultural to a residential area. Ten houses were built in 1768 (later named Hornsey Row), and a further group built immediately south of Hornsey Row in 1792.<ref>{{cite journal  | author =Patricia Croot
-[[Upper Street]], running roughly north from Islington High Street to Highbury Corner, is the main shopping street of [[Islington]], and dates back to at least the 12th century.<ref>{{cite web
+  | title =Islington Growth – Canonbury  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex  | volume =8  | pages =19–20  | publisher =British History Online  | year =1985  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=275  | access-date =12 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070422052224/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=275| archive-date= 22 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Liverpool Road, originally called Back Road, was used as an alternative to Upper Street for the Smithfield herders,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |title=The London Encyclopaedia |publisher=Pan Macmillan|date=9 May 2011|edition=3)|page=490|isbn=9781405049252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sAA9olZqPSMC&pg=PA490}}</ref> and both streets have a "high pavement" constructed to protect pedestrians from being splashed by the passing animals; in places, the [[sidewalk|pavement]] is approximately 1&nbsp;m above the road surface.<ref>{{cite web
-  | title =1811-Medieval Origins
+ |author=Chris Corby  |title=Angel Town Centre Strategy  |publisher=London Borough of Islington  |date=March 2004|url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/downloadabledocuments/environment/pdf/angeltowncentrestrategy.pdf
-  |publisher=BBC
+ |access-date=12 May 2007  |url-status=dead  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504015642/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/angeltowncentrestrategy.pdf  |archive-date=4 May 2006 }}</ref>
-  | url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/local_history/city/street_01.shtml?origins
-  | access-date =12 May 2007  }}</ref> Livestock herded along the Great North Road for [[Smithfield Market]], would – when passing through what was mainly fields and farmland – pause at lairs built between Upper Street and [[Liverpool Road]] by an enterprising farmer, Richard Laycock;<ref>{{cite book|editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=C R Elrington |author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=Patricia E C Croot|title=A History of the County of Middlesex |publisher=Victoria County History|year=1985|volume=8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes |pages=69–76|chapter=Islington: Economic history|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=999&strquery=Smithfield|access-date=6 December 2012}}</ref> Laycock's lairs would be used in 1861 for the site of the [[Royal Agricultural Hall]],<ref>{{cite book|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |title=The London Encyclopaedia |publisher=Pan Macmillan|date=9 May 2011|edition=3)|page=708|isbn=9780230738782 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA708}}</ref> and a number of pubs and shops existed along the street to serve farmers and travellers headed for Smithfield.<ref>{{cite book|author =William Gaspey|title=Tallis's Illustrated London|publisher=J. Tallis|year=1851|page=[https://archive.org/details/tallissillustra02gasp/page/215 215]|url=https://archive.org/details/tallissillustra02gasp}}</ref> In the 18th century, Upper Street began to develop from an agricultural to a residential area. Ten houses were built in 1768 (later named Hornsey Row), and a further group built immediately south of Hornsey Row in 1792.<ref>{{cite journal
-  | author =Patricia Croot
-  | title =Islington Growth – Canonbury
-  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex
-  | volume =8
-  | pages =19–20
-  | publisher =British History Online
-  | year =1985
-  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=275
-  | access-date =12 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070422052224/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=275| archive-date= 22 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Liverpool Road, originally called Back Road, was used as an alternative to Upper Street for the Smithfield herders,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |title=The London Encyclopaedia |publisher=Pan Macmillan|date=9 May 2011|edition=3)|page=490|isbn=9781405049252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sAA9olZqPSMC&pg=PA490}}</ref> and both streets have a "high pavement" constructed to protect pedestrians from being splashed by the passing animals; in places, the [[sidewalk|pavement]] is approximately 1&nbsp;m above the road surface.<ref>{{cite web
- |author=Chris Corby
- |title=Angel Town Centre Strategy
- |publisher=London Borough of Islington
- |date=March 2004
- |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/downloadabledocuments/environment/pdf/angeltowncentrestrategy.pdf
- |access-date=12 May 2007
- |url-status=dead
- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504015642/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/angeltowncentrestrategy.pdf
- |archive-date=4 May 2006
-}}</ref>
 {{anchor|Holloway Road}}
-After reaching the eight-way interchange at Highbury Corner, the A1 turns north-west as [[Holloway Road]]. Until the 14th century the route turned off along what is now Hornsey Road – the [[A103 road]] – to go through [[Muswell Hill]], but when that became impassable a new route along Holloway Road via Highgate was created in the 14th century.<ref name=London/><ref name=Holloway/> The earliest record giving the name of the road as the Holloway dates from 1307. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from 1000. The names ceased to be used by the late 17th century but are still preserved in the local place names "Tollington Park" and "Stroud Green";<ref>{{cite journal
+After reaching the eight-way interchange at Highbury Corner, the A1 turns north-west as [[Holloway Road]]. Until the 14th century the route turned off along what is now Hornsey Road – the [[A103 road]] – to go through [[Muswell Hill]], but when that became impassable a new route along Holloway Road via Highgate was created in the 14th century.<ref name=London/><ref name=Holloway/> The earliest record giving the name of the road as the Holloway dates from 1307. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from 1000. The names ceased to be used by the late 17th century but are still preserved in the local place names "Tollington Park" and "Stroud Green";<ref>{{cite journal  | author =Patricia Croot  | title =Islington Growth: Holloway and Tollington  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex  | volume =8  | pages =29–37  | publisher =British History Online  | year =1985  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=1374  | access-date =13 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610060612/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=1374| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> since that time, the area has been known as [[Holloway, London|Holloway]]. The northern point of Holloway Road is the complex interchange at [[Archway, London|Archway]]. The construction of the interchange left a few buildings isolated in the centre of the [[roundabout]], including the Archway Tavern, which appears on the cover of [[the Kinks]]' 1971 album ''[[Muswell Hillbillies]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/intelligent-travel/2013/07/25/london-paradise-following-the-kinks/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603040941/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/intelligent%2Dtravel/2013/07/25/london%2Dparadise%2Dfollowing%2Dthe%2Dkinks/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 June 2019|work=nationalgeographic.com|publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]|author=Robert Reid|title=London Paradise: Following the Kinks|date=July 25, 2013}}</ref>
-  | author =Patricia Croot
-  | title =Islington Growth: Holloway and Tollington
-  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex
-  | volume =8
-  | pages =29–37
-  | publisher =British History Online
-  | year =1985
-  | url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=1374
-  | access-date =13 May 2007  | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610060612/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=1374| archive-date= 10 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> since that time, the area has been known as [[Holloway, London|Holloway]]. The northern point of Holloway Road is the complex interchange at [[Archway, London|Archway]]. The construction of the interchange left a few buildings isolated in the centre of the [[roundabout]], including the Archway Tavern, which appears on the cover of [[the Kinks]]' 1971 album ''[[Muswell Hillbillies]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/intelligent-travel/2013/07/25/london-paradise-following-the-kinks/|work=nationalgeographic.com|publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]|author=Robert Reid|title=London Paradise: Following the Kinks|date=July 25, 2013}}</ref>
 ===Haringey{{anchor|Archway Road}}===
@@ Line 119: / Line 72: @@
 [[File:A1-A1000 junction.JPG|thumb|left|The A1 (Aylmer Road, left) diverging away from the original [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]] (right)]]
-An inquiry was held into widening the section from the Archway intersection to the Hornsey Lane Bridge to a three lane dual carriageway in 1969 and work started in 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1971/apr/28/archway-road-islington|title=ARCHWAY ROAD, ISLINGTON|publisher=Hansard}}</ref> It was originally intended to widen a further section of the road, but severe disruption led to the first inquiry being abandoned in 1978,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1978/mar/21/archway-road-improvement-scheme|title=Archway Road Improvement Scheme|publisher=Hansard}}</ref> and a second inquiry in 1984, chaired by Air Marshal Sir [[Michael Giddings]], was also abandoned.<ref name="The Times obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6180847.ece|title=Air Marshal Sir Michael Giddings: Spitfire pilot|date=28 April 2009|work=The Times|access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1984/feb/28/archway-road-inquiry|title=Archway Road Inquiry|publisher=Hansard|year=1984}}</ref> The traffic flow was projected to increase to 180,000 cars a day by 1981, but by 1986 the actual flow was only 30,000 a day.<ref name=Scientist>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tp0v6A18frAC&pg=PA22|journal=[[New Scientist]]|title=Running rings round the traffic planners|pages=22–23|author =Mick Hamer|date=30 October 1986|access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref>
+An inquiry was held into widening the section from the Archway intersection to the Hornsey Lane Bridge to a three lane dual carriageway in 1969 and work started in 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1971/apr/28/archway-road-islington|date=28 April 1971|title=ARCHWAY ROAD, ISLINGTON|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> It was originally intended to widen a further section of the road, but severe disruption led to the first inquiry being abandoned in 1978,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1978/mar/21/archway-road-improvement-scheme|date=21 March 1978|title=Archway Road Improvement Scheme|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> and a second inquiry in 1984, chaired by Air Marshal Sir [[Michael Giddings]], was also abandoned.<ref name="The Times obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6180847.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505182318/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6180847.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2009|title=Air Marshal Sir Michael Giddings: Spitfire pilot|date=28 April 2009|work=The Times|access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1984/feb/28/archway-road-inquiry|title=Archway Road Inquiry|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|year=1984}}</ref> The traffic flow was projected to increase to 180,000 cars a day by 1981, but by 1986 the actual flow was only 30,000 a day.<ref name=Scientist>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tp0v6A18frAC&pg=PA22|journal=[[New Scientist]]|title=Running rings round the traffic planners|pages=22–23|author =Mick Hamer|date=30 October 1986|access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref>
-When originally constructed, Archway Road went through countryside with few buildings - though by 1828 the Woodman pub at the junction with Muswell Hill Road, and the now demolished Wellington pub at the junction with North Hill provided refreshments to travellers;<ref name=Plan>{{cite web|url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/revised_archway_road_neighbourhood_plan_with_map.pdf |title=Revised Archway Road Neighbourhood Plan |last=Haringay Council Environmental Services |date=July 2002 |work=haringey.gov.uk |publisher=London Borough of Haringey |access-date=7 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428083526/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/revised_archway_road_neighbourhood_plan_with_map.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2011  }}</ref> however, with the coming of the railways in 1867 ribbon development started along the road, including the Camra Heritage listed Winchester Tavern with the distinctive attached parade of shops and house with deep arched eaves built by the Imperial Property Investment Co in 1881.<ref name=Plan/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritagepubs.org.uk/pubs/national-inventory-entry.asp?pubid=2038|title=National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors Part Two|last=CAMRA|work=heritagepubs.org.uk|publisher=CAMRA|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate|author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=M A Hicks |author4=R B Pugh |editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=C R Elrington |pages=122–135|publisher=Victoria County History|year=1980|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22519&strquery=|access-date=7 December 2012 }}</ref> At the northern end of Archway Road, the road re-intersects with the traditional Great North Road route (at this point called North Hill). The roads almost immediately re-diverge, with the Great North Road route heading north as the [[A1000 road|A1000]] towards [[Finchley]], [[Whetstone, London|Whetstone]] and [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]] and the A1 heading west as Aylmer Road.<ref name=A1000>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA343|title=The London Encyclopaedia|page=342|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |publisher=Pan Macmillan|year=2009|isbn=9780230738782|access-date=5 December 2012|edition=3rd}}</ref>
+When originally constructed, Archway Road went through countryside with few buildings – though by 1828 the Woodman pub at the junction with Muswell Hill Road, and the now demolished Wellington pub at the junction with North Hill provided refreshments to travellers;<ref name=Plan>{{cite web|url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/revised_archway_road_neighbourhood_plan_with_map.pdf |title=Revised Archway Road Neighbourhood Plan |last=Haringay Council Environmental Services |date=July 2002 |work=haringey.gov.uk |publisher=London Borough of Haringey |access-date=7 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428083526/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/revised_archway_road_neighbourhood_plan_with_map.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2011  }}</ref> however, with the coming of the railways in 1867 ribbon development started along the road, including the Camra Heritage listed Winchester Tavern with the distinctive attached parade of shops and house with deep arched eaves built by the Imperial Property Investment Co in 1881.<ref name=Plan/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritagepubs.org.uk/pubs/national-inventory-entry.asp?pubid=2038|title=National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors Part Two|last=CAMRA|work=heritagepubs.org.uk|publisher=CAMRA|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate|author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=M A Hicks |author4=R B Pugh |editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=C R Elrington |pages=122–135|publisher=Victoria County History|year=1980|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22519&strquery=|access-date=7 December 2012 }}</ref> At the northern end of Archway Road, the road re-intersects with the traditional Great North Road route (at this point called North Hill). The roads almost immediately re-diverge, with the Great North Road route heading north as the [[A1000 road|A1000]] towards [[Finchley]], [[Whetstone, London|Whetstone]] and [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]] and the A1 heading west as Aylmer Road.<ref name=A1000>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA343|title=The London Encyclopaedia|page=342|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |publisher=Pan Macmillan|year=2009|isbn=9780230738782|access-date=5 December 2012|edition=3rd}}</ref>
 {{anchor|Aylmer Road}}
-Aylmer Road is a very short stretch of road, running west for less than half a mile between the junction with the A1000 in [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] to the junction with [[The Bishops Avenue]] in [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=527547&y=188612&z=110&sv=Aylmer+Road&st=6&tl=Map+of+Aylmer+Road,+London,+N_2&searchp=ids.srf&mapp=map.srff |title=Map of Aylmer Road, London |last=Streetmap EU Ltd 2012 |work=Streetmap.co.uk |publisher=Streetmap EU Ltd 2012 |access-date=7 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232752/http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=527547&y=188612&z=110&sv=Aylmer+Road&st=6&tl=Map+of+Aylmer+Road%2C+London%2C+N_2&searchp=ids.srf&mapp=map.srff |archive-date=1 February 2014  }}</ref> The entire southern side of the road is taken up by Highgate Golf Course, while the northern side is a mixture of small shops, flats and [[Allotment (gardening)|allotments]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Environment|publisher=London Borough of Haringey|date=31 January 2007|url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/index/news_and_events/fact_file/ward_profiles/fortis_green1/environment_fortis_green.htm|access-date=16 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228021152/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/index/news_and_events/fact_file/ward_profiles/fortis_green1/environment_fortis_green.htm|archive-date=28 February 2007}}</ref> The road is named after [[Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet|Sir Fenton Aylmer]],<ref>{{cite web|title=150th Anniversary of the Victoria Cross|publisher=Norvic Philatelics|date=21 September 2006|url=http://www.norvic-philatelics.co.uk/2006/09-vicx.htm|access-date=16 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617164139/http://www.norvic-philatelics.co.uk/2006/09-vicx.htm|archive-date=17 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> who received the [[Victoria Cross]] for his part in the assault on [[Nilt Fort]] on 2 December 1891.<ref>{{cite book|author =Col G.W.A. Napier|title=The Sapper VCs|publisher=Museum of the Royal Engineers|year=1998|isbn=0-11-772835-7}}</ref>
+Aylmer Road is a very short stretch of road, running west for less than half a mile between the junction with the A1000 in [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] to the junction with [[The Bishops Avenue]] in [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=527547&y=188612&z=110&sv=Aylmer+Road&st=6&tl=Map+of+Aylmer+Road,+London,+N_2&searchp=ids.srf&mapp=map.srff |title=Map of Aylmer Road, London |last=Streetmap EU Ltd 2012 |work=Streetmap.co.uk |publisher=Streetmap EU Ltd 2012 |access-date=7 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232752/http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=527547&y=188612&z=110&sv=Aylmer+Road&st=6&tl=Map+of+Aylmer+Road%2C+London%2C+N_2&searchp=ids.srf&mapp=map.srff |archive-date=1 February 2014  }}</ref> The southern side of the road is partly taken up by Highgate Golf Course, while the northern side is a mixture of small shops, flats and [[Allotment (gardening)|allotments]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Environment|publisher=London Borough of Haringey|date=31 January 2007|url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/index/news_and_events/fact_file/ward_profiles/fortis_green1/environment_fortis_green.htm|access-date=16 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228021152/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/index/news_and_events/fact_file/ward_profiles/fortis_green1/environment_fortis_green.htm|archive-date=28 February 2007}}</ref> The road is named after [[Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet|Sir Fenton Aylmer]],<ref>{{cite web|title=150th Anniversary of the Victoria Cross|publisher=Norvic Philatelics|date=21 September 2006|url=http://www.norvic-philatelics.co.uk/2006/09-vicx.htm|access-date=16 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617164139/http://www.norvic-philatelics.co.uk/2006/09-vicx.htm|archive-date=17 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> who received the [[Victoria Cross]] for his part in the assault on [[Nilt Fort]] on 2 December 1891.<ref>{{cite book|author =Col G.W.A. Napier|title=The Sapper VCs|publisher=Museum of the Royal Engineers|year=1998|isbn=0-11-772835-7}}</ref>
 ===Barnet===
@@ Line 132: / Line 85: @@
 {{anchor|Falloden Way}}
-After passing playing fields to the south, the A1 briefly becomes Market Place, a former street market that has evolved into a short stretch of shops, then becomes Falloden Way – built between 1914 and 1924 as part of a programme of planned extensions to Hampstead Garden Suburb,<ref>{{cite web|title=Walk the Capital Ring |publisher=London Borough of Haringey |url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/capital_ring_walk_11.pdf |access-date=17 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221195948/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/capital_ring_walk_11.pdf |archive-date=21 February 2007  }}</ref> and runs on an [[Embankment (transportation)|embankment]] due to a dip in the ground caused by [[Mutton Brook]], a tributary of the [[River Brent]], which runs parallel to the road immediately to the south for its entire length. The north side of the road is occupied by 1930s housing blocks, whilst the southern side is occupied by a narrow strip of parkland following the brook, and by the northern tip of [[Big Wood and Little Wood]] – two of the few surviving remnants of the ancient woodland that once covered what is now north London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gigl.org.uk/igigl/siteDetails.aspx?sID=BaBI05&sType=sinc |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121223231345/http://www.gigl.org.uk/igigl/siteDetails.aspx?sID=BaBI05&sType=sinc |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2012 |title=Big Wood and Little Wood |work=Greenspace Information for Greater London |publisher=gigl.org.uk |year=2006 |access-date=29 November 2012 }}</ref>
+After passing playing fields to the south, the A1 briefly becomes Market Place, a former street market that has evolved into a short stretch of shops, then becomes Falloden Way – built between 1914 and 1924 as part of a programme of planned extensions to Hampstead Garden Suburb,<ref>{{cite web|title=Walk the Capital Ring |publisher=London Borough of Haringey |url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/capital_ring_walk_11.pdf |access-date=17 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221195948/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/capital_ring_walk_11.pdf |archive-date=21 February 2007  }}</ref> and runs on an [[Embankment (transportation)|embankment]] due to a dip in the ground caused by [[Mutton Brook]], a tributary of the [[River Brent]], which runs parallel to the road for its entire length, mostly along the south side. The north side of the road is occupied by 1930s housing blocks, whilst the southern side is occupied by a narrow strip of parkland following the brook, and by the northern tip of [[Big Wood and Little Wood]] – two of the few surviving remnants of the ancient woodland that once covered what is now north London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gigl.org.uk/igigl/siteDetails.aspx?sID=BaBI05&sType=sinc |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121223231345/http://www.gigl.org.uk/igigl/siteDetails.aspx?sID=BaBI05&sType=sinc |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2012 |title=Big Wood and Little Wood |work=Greenspace Information for Greater London |publisher=gigl.org.uk |year=2006 |access-date=29 November 2012 }}</ref>
 {{anchor|Henlys Corner}}
-The A1 merges with the [[North Circular Road]] (A406) and the two routes run briefly [[concurrency (road)|together]], crossing over the [[Henlys Corner]] interchange. Henlys Corner is a junction with the 1820s turnpike road, [[Finchley Road]], which was built to provide a by-pass to the route north from London through Hampstead;<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA291|title=The London Encyclopaedia|page=291|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |publisher=Pan Macmillan|year=2009|isbn=9780230738782|access-date=7 December 2012|edition=3rd}}</ref> the name changes to Regents Park Road on the northern, Finchley, side of the junction. The junction had an £8 million upgrade completed in January 2012,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/9471785.Synagogue_thankful_for_safer_crossing_at_Henlys_Corner/|title=Synagogue thankful for safer crossing at Henlys Corner|newspaper=Hendon & Finchley Times|last=Jenkinson|first=Kate|date=16 January 2012|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> which included Britain's first "hands-free" pedestrian crossing to allow Orthodox Jews to reach the nearby Finchley Synagogue, one of Europe's largest,<ref>{{cite news|author =Sara McConnell|title=Your guide to Jewish London|newspaper=The Times|date=1 September 2006|url=http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/destinations/england/article622569.ece }}</ref> without operating machinery on the Sabbath.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/road-safety/10290501/Pedestrians-tricked-by-placebo-buttons-at-crossings.html|title=UK to get first hands-free pedestrian crossing so devout Jews can cross the road|author =Claire Carter|work=the Telegraph|date=6 Sep 2013|access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> While a synagogue has stood on the site since 1935, the current building dates from 1967.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Finchley Judaism|journal=A History of the County of Middlesex|volume=6|page=91|year=1980|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22512|access-date=18 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610031830/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22512|archive-date=10 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+The A1 merges with the [[North Circular Road]] (A406) and the two routes run briefly [[concurrency (road)|together]], crossing over the [[Henlys Corner]] interchange. Henlys Corner is a junction with the 1820s turnpike road, [[Finchley Road]], which was built to provide a by-pass to the route north from London through Hampstead;<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0D0PqiwfEC&pg=PA291|title=The London Encyclopaedia|page=291|author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |publisher=Pan Macmillan|year=2009|isbn=9780230738782|access-date=7 December 2012|edition=3rd}}</ref> the name changes to Regents Park Road on the northern, Finchley, side of the junction. The junction had an £8 million upgrade completed in January 2012,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/9471785.Synagogue_thankful_for_safer_crossing_at_Henlys_Corner/|title=Synagogue thankful for safer crossing at Henlys Corner|newspaper=Hendon & Finchley Times|author=Kate Jenkinson|date=16 January 2012|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> which included Britain's first "hands-free" pedestrian crossing to allow Orthodox Jews to reach the nearby Finchley Synagogue, one of Europe's largest,<ref>{{cite news|author =Sara McConnell|title=Your guide to Jewish London|newspaper=The Times|date=1 September 2006|url=http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/destinations/england/article622569.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012005231/http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/destinations/england/article622569.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2008 }}</ref> without operating machinery on the Sabbath.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/road-safety/10290501/Pedestrians-tricked-by-placebo-buttons-at-crossings.html|title=UK to get first hands-free pedestrian crossing so devout Jews can cross the road|author =Claire Carter|work=the Telegraph|date=6 Sep 2013|access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> While a synagogue has stood on the site since 1935, the current building dates from 1967.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Finchley Judaism|journal=A History of the County of Middlesex|volume=6|page=91|year=1980|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22512|access-date=18 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610031830/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22512|archive-date=10 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 [[File:New road lanes at Henlys Corner.jpg|thumb|left|Henlys Corner, where the A1 meets the [[A406 road|A406]]. This junction was modified in 2011 to provide extra filter lanes.]]
@@ Line 141: / Line 94: @@
 {{anchor|Great North Way}}{{anchor|Watford Way}}
 After the Henlys Corner interchange, the routes diverge, with the A406 going south to [[Brent Cross]], while the A1 turns north-west as Great North Way through the leafy suburbs of [[Mill Hill]] and [[Hendon]]. Great North Way, built in 1926, joins Watford Way carrying the [[A41 road|A41]], completed in 1927, at Fiveways Corner, and in 1970 a junction with the [[M1 motorway]] was created.<ref>{{cite book|author1=A P Baggs |author2=Diane K Bolton |author3=Eileen P Scarff |author4=G C Tyack |title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham|editor1=T F T Baker |editor2=R B Pugh |publisher=Victoria County History|year=1976|pages=2–5|chapter=Communications|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=26878&strquery=}}</ref> The A41 and A1 continue [[overlap (road)|together]] as Watford Way via Mill Hill Circus to Apex Corner,<ref>{{cite book|title=A-Z London|url=https://archive.org/details/azlondon0000unse|url-access=registration|publisher=Geographer's A-Z Map Company Ltd|year=2002|location=Sevenoaks|isbn=1-84348-020-4 }}</ref>
-{{anchor|Apex Corner}}{{anchor|Barnet Way}} where they separate, with the A41 turning west, and the A1 turning to run straight north. After passing Apex Corner, the A1 runs north and out of London as the dual carriageway Barnet Way (or Barnet Bypass). This dual carriageway was part of a 1920&ndash;24 road improvement programme that was mentioned in parliament in 1928 as hopefully being completed by the end of that summer.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEogLRpuxZQC&pg=PT501|title=London: A Social History|page=501|author =Roy Porter|publisher=Penguin UK|date=5 October 2000|access-date=5 December 2012|isbn=9780140105933}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1928/jun/21/barnet-by-pass|title=BARNET BY-PASS. (Hansard, 21 June 1928)|work=hansard.millbanksystems.com|access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref>
+{{anchor|Apex Corner}}{{anchor|Barnet Way}} where they separate, with the A41 turning west, and the A1 turning to run straight north. After passing Apex Corner, the A1 runs north and out of London as the dual carriageway Barnet Way (or Barnet Bypass). This dual carriageway was part of a 1920–24 road improvement programme that was mentioned in parliament in 1928 as hopefully being completed by the end of that summer.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEogLRpuxZQC&pg=PT501|title=London: A Social History|page=501|author =Roy Porter|publisher=Penguin UK|date=5 October 2000|access-date=5 December 2012|isbn=9780140105933}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1928/jun/21/barnet-by-pass|title=BARNET BY-PASS. (Hansard, 21 June 1928)|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=21 June 1928|access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref>
-The northbound carriageway passes the entrance to [[Scratchwood]], an area of ancient forest which is now a [[local nature reserve]], then crosses the A411 from [[Watford]] to [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]] at the Stirling Corner roundabout. A {{convert|0.6|miles|km}} proposed link road at this roundabout, estimated at £22.8m in 1987, would have provided access to the M1,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1989/jan/11/flying-displays|title=Flying Displays|publisher=Hansard|author =Paul Channon|author-link =Paul Channon, Baron Kelvedon|date=11 January 1989|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1994/jan/25/transport-schemes|title=Transport Schemes|publisher=Hansard|author =John MacGregor|author-link =John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market|date=18 January 1994|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> but the plans were subsequently abandoned. The link had been planned during discussions for the Hendon Urban Motorway, which was intended to carry the M1 all the way down to Hyde Park Corner as part of the [[London Ringways]] scheme;<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter Baldwin |author2=John Porter |author3=Robert Baldwin |title=The Motorway Achievement: Visualisation of the British Motorway System: Policy and Administration|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=2004|page=155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndZVcax375EC&pg=PA155|isbn=9780727731968}}</ref> the interchange would have been junction 3 on the motorway; which is currently the unnumbered junction for [[London Gateway services]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,,-2887,00.html|title=Why is there no junction 3 on the M1 motorway?|last=Nick Atkinson|year=2011|work=guardian.co.uk|publisher=The Guardian|pages=Notes & Queries|access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref>
+The northbound carriageway passes the entrance to [[Scratchwood]], an area of ancient forest which is now a [[local nature reserve]], then crosses the A411 from [[Watford]] to [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]] at the Stirling Corner roundabout. A {{convert|0.6|miles|km}} proposed link road at this roundabout, estimated at £22.8m in 1987, would have provided access to the M1,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1989/jan/11/flying-displays|title=Flying Displays|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|author =Paul Channon|author-link =Paul Channon, Baron Kelvedon|date=11 January 1989|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1994/jan/25/transport-schemes|title=Transport Schemes|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|author =John MacGregor|author-link =John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market|date=18 January 1994|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> but the plans were subsequently abandoned. The link had been planned during discussions for the Hendon Urban Motorway, which was intended to carry the M1 all the way down to Hyde Park Corner as part of the [[London Ringways]] scheme;<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter Baldwin |author2=John Porter |author3=Robert Baldwin |title=The Motorway Achievement: Visualisation of the British Motorway System: Policy and Administration|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=2004|page=155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndZVcax375EC&pg=PA155|isbn=9780727731968}}</ref> the interchange would have been junction 3 on the motorway; which is currently the unnumbered junction for [[London Gateway services]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,,-2887,00.html|title=Why is there no junction 3 on the M1 motorway?|last=Nick Atkinson|year=2011|work=guardian.co.uk|publisher=The Guardian|pages=Notes & Queries|access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref>
 Past Stirling Corner, the A1 skirts [[Borehamwood]], before turning northeast and running through open countryside to Bignell's Corner. At Bignell's Corner the A1 crosses under the [[M25 motorway]] at a large roundabout near [[South Mimms services]]. North of Bignell's Corner the A1 becomes the A1(M) motorway for a while, and follows the Great North Road route, running north to [[Edinburgh]].

v t e A roads in Zone 1 of the Great Britain road numbering scheme
	A1 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19
	A100 A101 A102 A103 A104 A105 A107 A114 A116 A118 A119 A120 A121 A127 A128 A130 A131 A132 A133 A135 A140 A142 A143 A144 A145 A146 A148 A149 A151 A152 A153 A156 A158 A160 A165 A166 A167 A168 A169 A170 A171 A172 A173 A174 A178 A179 A180 A183 A186 A194 A197
	A1000 A1010 A1018 A1023 A1031 A1033 A1058 A1065 A1067 A1068 A1071 A1073 A1078 A1079 A1081 A1082 A1085 A1086 A1094 A1095 A1098 A1101 A1107 A1120 A1136 A1144 A1156 A1159 A1175 A1198 A1202 A1205 A1231 A1232 A1237 A1300 A1307 A1309 A1500
List of A roads in Zone 1 List of B roads in Zone 1