Jump to content

History of poker: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Aspect of history}}
{{Short description|History of the card-game of poker}}
{{Lead rewrite|date=May 2013}}
{{Lead rewrite|date=May 2013}}
The game of [[poker]] was developed some time during the early 19th century in the United States. Since those early beginnings, poker has grown to become an extremely popular pastime throughout the world.
The card game of [[poker]] was developed in the [[United States]] at some point during the early 19th century, drawing its name and basic concept from much earlier European games. Since its early beginnings, poker has grown to become an extremely popular pastime throughout the world.


== 19th century ==
== 19th century ==
[[File:Officers-of-the-114th-pennsylvania-03882a-crop.jpg|thumb|right|Officers of the [[114th Pennsylvania Infantry]] playing cards in front of tents. [[Siege of Petersburg|Petersburg, Virginia]], August 1864]]In the 1837 edition of Foster's Complete [[Edmond Hoyle|Hoyle]], [[R. F. Foster (games)|R. F. Foster]] wrote: "the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of [[As-Nas]]." There is evidence that a game called poque, a French game similar to poker, was played around the region where poker is said to have originated. The name of the game likely descended from the Irish ''Poca'' (Pron. Pokah) ('Pocket') or even the [[French language|French]] ''poque'', which descended from the [[German language|German]] ''pochen'' ('to brag as a bluff' lit. 'to knock'). Yet it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names. It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the [[Renaissance]] game of ''[[primero]]'' and the French ''[[brelan]]''. The [[England|English]] game ''[[Three-card brag|brag]]'' (earlier bragg) clearly descended from ''[[brelan]]'' and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now. The term jam which means "All in" was derived in the 1940s when the famous poker player Don Chapo would always eat Strawberry jam sandwiches while playing poker. His reputation of always going all in eventually led to the the term jam, as he would have a jam sandwich in one hand while the other pushed the chips in.
[[File:Officers-of-the-114th-pennsylvania-03882a-crop.jpg|thumb|right|Officers of the [[114th Pennsylvania Infantry]] playing cards in front of tents. [[Siege of Petersburg|Petersburg, Virginia]], August 1864]]
In the 1937 edition of ''Foster's Complete [[Edmond Hoyle|Hoyle]]'', [[R. F. Foster (games)|R. F. Foster]] wrote: "the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of [[As-Nas]]." There is evidence that a game called [[Poch|poque]], a French game similar to poker, was played around the region where poker is said to have originated. Thus the name of the game descended the [[French language|French]] ''poque'', which descended from the [[German language|German]] ''pochen'' ('to brag as a bluff', lit. 'to knock').<ref name=Parlett>Parlett (2008), p. 585.</ref> It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the [[Renaissance]] game of ''[[primero]]'' and the French ''[[brelan]]''. The [[England|English]] game ''[[Three-card brag|brag]]'' (earlier bragg) clearly descended from ''[[brelan]]'' and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now.


One modern source rejects these ancestries,<ref name="World Chance">Reuven and Gabrielle Brenner, and Aaron Brown, <cite>''A World of Chance: Betting on Religion, Games, Wall Street''</cite>, Cambridge University Press (2008), {{ISBN|978-0-521-88466-2}}</ref> as they focus on the card play in poker, which is trivial and could have been derived from any number of games or made up on general cardplay principles.<ref name="Win Lose">Stephen Longstreet, <cite>''Win or Lose: A Social History of Gambling in America'' </cite>, Bobbs-Merrill (1977), {{ISBN|978-0-672-52253-6}}</ref> The unique features of poker have to do with the betting, and do not appear in any known older game.<ref name="World Chance" /> In this view poker originated much later, in the early or mid-18th century, and spread throughout the [[Mississippi River]] region by 1800. It was played in a variety of forms, with 52 cards, and included both straight poker and stud. 20 card poker was a variant for two players (it is a common English practice to reduce the deck in card games when there are fewer players).<ref name="Poker Face">Aaron Brown, <cite>''The Poker Face of Wall Street''</cite>, John Wiley & Sons (2006), {{ISBN|978-0-470-12731-5}}</ref> The development of poker is linked to the historical movement that also saw the invention of commercial gambling.<ref name="Roll Bones">David G. Schwartz, <cite>''Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling''</cite>, Gotham (2007), {{ISBN|978-1-59240-316-5}}</ref><ref name="Bad Bet">Timothy O'Brien, <cite>''Bad Bet : The Inside Story of the Glamour, Glitz, and Danger of America's Gambling Industry''</cite>, Crown Business (1998), {{ISBN|978-0-8129-2807-5}}</ref>
Poker itself originated in the late 18th century, and had probably spread throughout the [[Mississippi River]] region by 1800. It was played in a variety of forms, with 52 cards, and included both straight poker and stud. 20 card poker was a variant for two players (it is a common English practice to reduce the deck in card games when there are fewer players).<ref name="Poker Face">Aaron Brown, <cite>''The Poker Face of Wall Street''</cite>, John Wiley & Sons (2006), {{ISBN|978-0-470-12731-5}}</ref> The development of poker is linked to the historical movement that also saw the invention of commercial gambling.<ref name="Roll Bones">David G. Schwartz, <cite>''Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling''</cite>, Gotham (2007), {{ISBN|978-1-59240-316-5}}</ref><ref name="Bad Bet">Timothy O'Brien, <cite>''Bad Bet : The Inside Story of the Glamour, Glitz, and Danger of America's Gambling Industry''</cite>, Crown Business (1998), {{ISBN|978-0-8129-2807-5}}</ref>


English actor [[Joseph Cowell]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOmYjtNDveQC&pg=PT33|title=Frontier Gambling|first=G. R.|last=Williamson|date=15 May 2012|publisher=G.R. Williamson|isbn=9780985278014|access-date=16 December 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, and four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. [[Jonathan H. Green]]'s book, ''An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling'' (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by [[Mississippi]] [[riverboat]]s, on which [[gambling]] was a common [[pastime]]. As it spread north along the [[Mississippi River]] and to the West during the gold rush, it is thought to have become a part of the frontier pioneer [[ethos]].
English actor [[Joseph Cowell]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOmYjtNDveQC&pg=PT33|title=Frontier Gambling|first=G. R.|last=Williamson|date=15 May 2012|publisher=G.R. Williamson|isbn=9780985278014|access-date=16 December 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, and four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. [[Jonathan H. Green]]'s book, ''An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling'' (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by [[Mississippi]] [[riverboat]]s, on which [[gambling]] was a common [[pastime]]. As it spread north along the Mississippi River and to the West during the gold rush, it is thought to have become a part of the frontier pioneer [[ethos]].


Soon after this spread, the full 52-card French deck was used and the [[Flush (poker)|flush]] was introduced. The [[Draw Poker|draw]] was added prior to 1850 (when it was first mentioned in print in a handbook of games).<ref name="Bohns2">Henry G. Bond (ed.), <cite>Bohn's New Handbook of Games</cite>, Henry F. Anners (1850)</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], many additions were made including [[stud poker]] (the five-card variant), and the [[Straight (poker)|straight]]. Further American developments followed, such as the [[Wild card (poker)|wild card]] (around 1875), [[Lowball (poker)|lowball]] and [[High-low split|split-pot poker]] (around 1900), and [[community card poker]] games (around 1925).
Soon after this spread, the full 52-card French deck was used and the [[Flush (poker)|flush]] was introduced. The [[Draw Poker|draw]] was added prior to 1850 (when it was first mentioned in print in a handbook of games).<ref name="Bohns2">Henry G. Bond (ed.), <cite>Bohn's New Handbook of Games</cite>, Henry F. Anners (1850)</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], many additions were made including [[stud poker]] (the five-card variant), and the [[Straight (poker)|straight]]. Further American developments followed, such as the [[Wild card (poker)|wild card]] (around 1875), [[Lowball (poker)|lowball]] and [[High-low split|split-pot poker]] (around 1900), and [[community card poker]] games (around 1925).
Line 17: Line 18:
*Cowell, Joe (1844). ''Thirty Years Passed Among the Players in England and America''
*Cowell, Joe (1844). ''Thirty Years Passed Among the Players in England and America''
*Anners, Henry F. (1845) ''Hoyle’s Games'': refers to Poker or Bluff, 20-deck Poker, and 20-deck Poke
*Anners, Henry F. (1845) ''Hoyle’s Games'': refers to Poker or Bluff, 20-deck Poker, and 20-deck Poke
*Bohn, Henry George (1850) ''New Handbook of Games'': stated the rules of poker in print for the first time
*Bohn, Henry George (1850) ''New Handbook of Games'': stated the rules of poker in print for the first time
*Dick, Willium B. (1866) ''The American card player''
*Dick, Willium B. (1866) ''The American card player''
*Trumps (1868) ''The Modern Pocket Hoyle'' New York: Dick & Fitzgerald
*Trumps (1868) ''The Modern Pocket Hoyle'', New York: Dick & Fitzgerald
*Steinmetz, Andrew (1870) ''The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims'', London: Tinsley Brothers
*Steinmetz, Andrew (1870) ''The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims'', London: Tinsley Brothers
*Schenck, Robert C. (1872)''Rules for Playing Poker'', private circulation
*Schenck, Robert C. (1872) ''Rules for Playing Poker'', private circulation
*Winterblossom, Henry T (1875) ''The Game of Draw Poker Mathematically Illustrated''
*Winterblossom, Henry T. (1875) ''The Game of Draw Poker Mathematically Illustrated''
*Blackbridge (1875) ''The Complete Card Player''
*Blackbridge (1875) ''The Complete Card Player''


== 20th century ==
== 20th century ==
[[File:Casino_poker.jpg|thumb|Poker Room at the [[Trump Taj Mahal]], [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]]]]
[[File:Casino_poker.jpg|thumb|Poker Room at the [[Trump Taj Mahal]], [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]]]]
Developments in the 1970s led to poker becoming far more popular than it was before. Modern [[Poker tournament|tournament]] play became popular in American casinos after the [[World Series of Poker]] began, in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaming.unlv.edu/WSOP/history.html|title=World Series of Poker: A Retrospective|date=2007-10-22|publisher=Gaming.unlv.edu|access-date=2009-03-20}}</ref> Notable champions from these early WSOP tournaments include [[Johnny Moss]], [[Amarillo Slim]], [[Bobby Baldwin]], [[Doyle Brunson]], and [[Puggy Pearson]]. Later in the 1970s, the first serious [[poker strategy]] books appeared, notably ''[[Super/System]]'' by [[Doyle Brunson]] ({{ISBN|1-58042-081-8}}) and ''Caro's Book of Poker Tells'' by [[Mike Caro]] ({{ISBN|0-89746-100-2}}), followed later by ''The Theory of Poker'' by [[David Sklansky]] ({{ISBN|1-880685-00-0}}).
Developments in the 1970s led to poker becoming far more popular than it was before. Modern [[Poker tournament|tournament]] play became popular in American casinos after the [[World Series of Poker]] began, in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaming.unlv.edu/WSOP/history.html|title=World Series of Poker: A Retrospective|date=2007-10-22|publisher=Gaming.unlv.edu|access-date=2009-03-20|archive-date=2021-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924190444/https://gaming.unlv.edu/WSOP/history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Notable champions from these early WSOP tournaments include [[Johnny Moss]], [[Amarillo Slim]], [[Bobby Baldwin]], [[Doyle Brunson]], and [[Puggy Pearson]]. Later in the 1970s, the first serious [[poker strategy]] books appeared, notably ''[[Super/System]]'' by [[Doyle Brunson]] ({{ISBN|1-58042-081-8}}) and ''Caro's Book of Poker Tells'' by [[Mike Caro]] ({{ISBN|0-89746-100-2}}), followed later by ''The Theory of Poker'' by [[David Sklansky]] ({{ISBN|1-880685-00-0}}).


By the 1980s, poker was being depicted in popular culture as a commonplace recreational activity. For example, it was featured in at least 10 episodes of ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' as a weekly event of the senior staff of the fictional ship's crew.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pokernews.com/news/2009/05/poker-pop-culture-star-trek-the-next-generation-6576.htm|title=Poker & Pop Culture: 'Star Trek: The Next Generation'|website=www.pokernews.com|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref>
By the 1980s, poker was being depicted in popular culture as a commonplace recreational activity. For example, it was featured in at least 10 episodes of ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' as a weekly event of the senior staff of the fictional ship's crew.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pokernews.com/news/2009/05/poker-pop-culture-star-trek-the-next-generation-6576.htm|title=Poker & Pop Culture: 'Star Trek: The Next Generation'|website=www.pokernews.com|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref>
Line 33: Line 34:
Two significant events in the late 1980s led to the first poker "boom". In 1987, California legalized the flop games of hold'em and Omaha, as well as stud. Previously only draw games were allowed. While there were more poker games in California than anywhere else before this, the number of games and the action hold'em brought both increased dramatically. Cavernous poker rooms like the [[Commerce Casino]] and the [[The Bicycle Hotel & Casino|Bicycle Club]] began operating in the LA area.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Badger|first1=Steve|author-link1=Steve Badger (poker player)|title=California Hold'em Poker - Texas Holdem Comes to California Poker|url=http://www.stevebadger.com/poker/california/|website=www.stevebadger.com}}</ref> In 1988 Congress passed the [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act]] (IGRA),<ref name="Indian Gaming">{{cite web |title=Industry Overview |url= http://www.indiangaming.com/industry/ |website=Indian Gaming: The National Information Site of the American Indian Gaming Industry |publisher=ArrowPoint Media, Inc. |access-date=11 July 2017 |location=[[Liberty Lake, Washington]] |date=2017}}</ref> which legalized casino games on Indian lands. Poker rooms began rapidly opening within a few short years. Limit Texas hold'em was the most widely played game by far in the west, and seven card stud was the most widely played game in the east from the late 1980s until 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsop.com/news/2011/Jun/3351/A-WILDER-RIDE.html|title=WSOP NEWS: A WILDER RIDE|website=www.wsop.com|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref>
Two significant events in the late 1980s led to the first poker "boom". In 1987, California legalized the flop games of hold'em and Omaha, as well as stud. Previously only draw games were allowed. While there were more poker games in California than anywhere else before this, the number of games and the action hold'em brought both increased dramatically. Cavernous poker rooms like the [[Commerce Casino]] and the [[The Bicycle Hotel & Casino|Bicycle Club]] began operating in the LA area.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Badger|first1=Steve|author-link1=Steve Badger (poker player)|title=California Hold'em Poker - Texas Holdem Comes to California Poker|url=http://www.stevebadger.com/poker/california/|website=www.stevebadger.com}}</ref> In 1988 Congress passed the [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act]] (IGRA),<ref name="Indian Gaming">{{cite web |title=Industry Overview |url= http://www.indiangaming.com/industry/ |website=Indian Gaming: The National Information Site of the American Indian Gaming Industry |publisher=ArrowPoint Media, Inc. |access-date=11 July 2017 |location=[[Liberty Lake, Washington]] |date=2017}}</ref> which legalized casino games on Indian lands. Poker rooms began rapidly opening within a few short years. Limit Texas hold'em was the most widely played game by far in the west, and seven card stud was the most widely played game in the east from the late 1980s until 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsop.com/news/2011/Jun/3351/A-WILDER-RIDE.html|title=WSOP NEWS: A WILDER RIDE|website=www.wsop.com|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref>


In the 1990s, poker and casino gambling spread across the United States, most notably to [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pokerplayernewspaper.com/viewarticle.php?id=289 |title=United States of Poker: New Jersey |publisher=Pokerplayernewspaper.com |access-date=2009-03-20}}</ref> In 1998, [[Planet Poker]] dealt the first real money [[online poker]] game. In 1999, [[Late Night Poker]] debuted on British television.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/P/poker/about_the_show.html |title=Late Night Poker: About the Show|publisher=Channel4.com |access-date=2009-03-20}}</ref>
In the 1990s, poker and casino gambling spread across the United States, most notably to [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pokerplayernewspaper.com/viewarticle.php?id=289 |title=United States of Poker: New Jersey |publisher=Pokerplayernewspaper.com |access-date=2009-03-20 |archive-date=2009-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529055641/http://www.pokerplayernewspaper.com/viewarticle.php?id=289 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1998, [[Planet Poker]] dealt the first real money [[online poker]] game. In 1999, [[Late Night Poker]] debuted on British television.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/P/poker/about_the_show.html |title=Late Night Poker: About the Show|publisher=Channel4.com |access-date=2009-03-20}}</ref>


== 21st century ==
== 21st century ==
Line 46: Line 47:


== External links ==
== External links ==

* {{Gutenberg |no=53881 |name=Foster's Complete Hoyle: An Encyclopedia of Games |year=1914}}
* {{Gutenberg |no=53881 |name=Foster's Complete Hoyle: An Encyclopedia of Games |year=1914}}


Latest revision as of 21:23, 7 October 2024

The card game of poker was developed in the United States at some point during the early 19th century, drawing its name and basic concept from much earlier European games. Since its early beginnings, poker has grown to become an extremely popular pastime throughout the world.

19th century

[edit]
Officers of the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry playing cards in front of tents. Petersburg, Virginia, August 1864

In the 1937 edition of Foster's Complete Hoyle, R. F. Foster wrote: "the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of As-Nas." There is evidence that a game called poque, a French game similar to poker, was played around the region where poker is said to have originated. Thus the name of the game descended the French poque, which descended from the German pochen ('to brag as a bluff', lit. 'to knock').[1] It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the Renaissance game of primero and the French brelan. The English game brag (earlier bragg) clearly descended from brelan and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now.

Poker itself originated in the late 18th century, and had probably spread throughout the Mississippi River region by 1800. It was played in a variety of forms, with 52 cards, and included both straight poker and stud. 20 card poker was a variant for two players (it is a common English practice to reduce the deck in card games when there are fewer players).[2] The development of poker is linked to the historical movement that also saw the invention of commercial gambling.[3][4]

English actor Joseph Cowell[5] reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, and four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. Jonathan H. Green's book, An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by Mississippi riverboats, on which gambling was a common pastime. As it spread north along the Mississippi River and to the West during the gold rush, it is thought to have become a part of the frontier pioneer ethos.

Soon after this spread, the full 52-card French deck was used and the flush was introduced. The draw was added prior to 1850 (when it was first mentioned in print in a handbook of games).[6] During the American Civil War, many additions were made including stud poker (the five-card variant), and the straight. Further American developments followed, such as the wild card (around 1875), lowball and split-pot poker (around 1900), and community card poker games (around 1925).

Early books discussing poker

[edit]
  • Hildreth, J. (1836) Dragoon Campaigns to the Rocky Mountains, Wiley & Long, New York: mentions poker
  • Green, Jonathan H. (1843). Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling, Philadelphia: Zieber
  • Cowell, Joe (1844). Thirty Years Passed Among the Players in England and America
  • Anners, Henry F. (1845) Hoyle’s Games: refers to Poker or Bluff, 20-deck Poker, and 20-deck Poke
  • Bohn, Henry George (1850) New Handbook of Games: stated the rules of poker in print for the first time
  • Dick, Willium B. (1866) The American card player
  • Trumps (1868) The Modern Pocket Hoyle, New York: Dick & Fitzgerald
  • Steinmetz, Andrew (1870) The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims, London: Tinsley Brothers
  • Schenck, Robert C. (1872) Rules for Playing Poker, private circulation
  • Winterblossom, Henry T. (1875) The Game of Draw Poker Mathematically Illustrated
  • Blackbridge (1875) The Complete Card Player

20th century

[edit]
Poker Room at the Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, New Jersey

Developments in the 1970s led to poker becoming far more popular than it was before. Modern tournament play became popular in American casinos after the World Series of Poker began, in 1970.[7] Notable champions from these early WSOP tournaments include Johnny Moss, Amarillo Slim, Bobby Baldwin, Doyle Brunson, and Puggy Pearson. Later in the 1970s, the first serious poker strategy books appeared, notably Super/System by Doyle Brunson (ISBN 1-58042-081-8) and Caro's Book of Poker Tells by Mike Caro (ISBN 0-89746-100-2), followed later by The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky (ISBN 1-880685-00-0).

By the 1980s, poker was being depicted in popular culture as a commonplace recreational activity. For example, it was featured in at least 10 episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation as a weekly event of the senior staff of the fictional ship's crew.[8]

Two significant events in the late 1980s led to the first poker "boom". In 1987, California legalized the flop games of hold'em and Omaha, as well as stud. Previously only draw games were allowed. While there were more poker games in California than anywhere else before this, the number of games and the action hold'em brought both increased dramatically. Cavernous poker rooms like the Commerce Casino and the Bicycle Club began operating in the LA area.[9] In 1988 Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA),[10] which legalized casino games on Indian lands. Poker rooms began rapidly opening within a few short years. Limit Texas hold'em was the most widely played game by far in the west, and seven card stud was the most widely played game in the east from the late 1980s until 2003.[11]

In the 1990s, poker and casino gambling spread across the United States, most notably to Atlantic City, New Jersey.[12] In 1998, Planet Poker dealt the first real money online poker game. In 1999, Late Night Poker debuted on British television.[13]

21st century

[edit]

Poker's popularity experienced an unprecedented spike at the beginning of the 21st century, largely because of the introduction of online poker and hole-card cameras, which turned the game into a spectator sport. Not only could viewers now follow the action and drama of the game on television, they could also play the game in the comfort of their own home. Broadcasts of poker tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and World Poker Tour brought in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors. Because of the increased coverage of poker events, poker pros became celebrities, with poker fans all over the world entering into tournaments for the chance to compete with them. Television coverage also added an important new dimension to the poker professional's game, as any given hand could now be aired later, revealing information not only to the other players at the table, but to anyone who cared to view the broadcast.

Following the surge in popularity, new poker tours soon emerged, including the World Poker Tour and European Poker Tour, both televised, and the latter sponsored by online poker company PokerStars. Subsequent tours have since been created by PokerStars, such as Latin American Poker Tour and Asia Pacific Poker Tour, as well as other national tours. Beginning in 2003, major poker tournament fields grew dramatically, in part because of the growing popularity of online satellite-qualifier tournaments where the prize is an entry into a major tournament. The 2003 and 2004 World Series of Poker champions, Chris Moneymaker and Greg Raymer, respectively, won their seats to the main event by winning online satellites.[14] In 2009 the International Federation of Poker was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland, becoming the official governing body for poker and promoting the game as a mind sport. In 2011 it announced plans for two new events: The Nations Cup, a duplicate poker team event, to be staged on the London Eye on the banks of the River Thames and "The Table", the invitation-only IFP World Championship, featuring roughly 130 of the world's best poker players, in an event to find the 2011 official "World Champion".

After the passage of the UIGEA in October 2006, attendance at live tournaments as well as participation in live and online cash games initially slowed; however, they are still growing and far more popular today than they were before 2003. The growth and popularity of poker can be seen in the WSOP which had a record 7,319 entrants to the 2010 main event.[15] The only nations in Europe that prohibit live poker are Norway, Poland and Albania, according to Dagbladet in 2011.[16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Parlett (2008), p. 585.
  2. ^ Aaron Brown, The Poker Face of Wall Street, John Wiley & Sons (2006), ISBN 978-0-470-12731-5
  3. ^ David G. Schwartz, Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling, Gotham (2007), ISBN 978-1-59240-316-5
  4. ^ Timothy O'Brien, Bad Bet : The Inside Story of the Glamour, Glitz, and Danger of America's Gambling Industry, Crown Business (1998), ISBN 978-0-8129-2807-5
  5. ^ Williamson, G. R. (15 May 2012). Frontier Gambling. G.R. Williamson. ISBN 9780985278014. Retrieved 16 December 2018 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Henry G. Bond (ed.), Bohn's New Handbook of Games, Henry F. Anners (1850)
  7. ^ "World Series of Poker: A Retrospective". Gaming.unlv.edu. 2007-10-22. Archived from the original on 2021-09-24. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  8. ^ "Poker & Pop Culture: 'Star Trek: The Next Generation'". www.pokernews.com. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  9. ^ Badger, Steve. "California Hold'em Poker - Texas Holdem Comes to California Poker". www.stevebadger.com.
  10. ^ "Industry Overview". Indian Gaming: The National Information Site of the American Indian Gaming Industry. Liberty Lake, Washington: ArrowPoint Media, Inc. 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  11. ^ "WSOP NEWS: A WILDER RIDE". www.wsop.com. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  12. ^ "United States of Poker: New Jersey". Pokerplayernewspaper.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  13. ^ "Late Night Poker: About the Show". Channel4.com. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  14. ^ "Chris Moneymaker on". Answers.com. 1975-11-21. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  15. ^ "WSOP 2010 Results - World Series of Poker Champion Jonathan Duhamel". PokerStars.com. 2011-01-22. Retrieved 2011-01-22.
  16. ^ LøvikSivilingeniør, DEBATTINNLEGGPål Skønberg (15 September 2011). "Legaliser poker". Dagbladet.no. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
[edit]


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_poker&oldid=1249983470"