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== Nonstandard plurals? ==

The article currently says (emphasis added):
:The use of the [[zero copula]] (the absence of ''is'' or ''are'', as in ''she gon' leave''), '''nonstandard plural forms (''the three mens'', ''mans'', or even ''mens'')''' and [[multiple negative]]s (as in ''no one didn't leave me nothing'') were occasional or common variants in these earlier dialects, and the latter item even the preferred variant in certain grammatical contexts.

I see two different nonstandard plurals: ''mens'' and ''mans''. How is the third nonstandard plural supposed to be different from the first one? --[[User:Metropolitan90|Metropolitan90]] [[User talk:Metropolitan90|(talk)]] 01:05, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

:Good catch. A number of edits ago, this read "the three man, mans, or even mens"; presumably it was changed either accidentally or maliciously. I'm about to change it back. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 06:14, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

== A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion ==
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion:
* [[commons:File:En-African-American English.ogg|En-African-American English.ogg]]<!-- COMMONSBOT: speedy | 2019-03-25T05:06:35.212037 | En-African-American English.ogg -->
You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —[[User:Community Tech bot|Community Tech bot]] ([[User talk:Community Tech bot|talk]]) 05:06, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

== Requested move 12 July 2019 ==

<div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #efe; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px dotted #aaa;"><!-- Template:RM top -->
:''The following is a closed discussion of a [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requested move]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a [[Wikipedia:move review|move review]] after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. ''

The result of the move request was: '''Withdrawn''' per [[WP:SNOW]]. <small>([[Wikipedia:Requested moves/Closing instructions#Non-admin closure|non-admin closure]])</small> [[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 17:36, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
----

[[:African-American English]] → {{no redirect|Black English}} – Per [[WP:COMMONNAME]], especially as used by linguist [[John McWhorter]] (who is black); see [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/15/the-case-for-black-english The Case for Black English]. The word "African" is not anywhere in that New Yorker piece. African-American English, like Ebonics, is getting dated. --[[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 21:50, 12 July 2019 (UTC)

===Survey===
*'''Oppose''' - The term doesn't appear to be getting dated; in Google Scholar, {{Tq|"african-american english" dialect}} within the last 10 years turns back thousands of results. In fact, two of the sources on the article itself, McDorman (2012) and Patrick (2007), use the term right in the title. "Black English" is indeed very common, but "African-American English" has the benefit of being more precise: "Black English" could refer to [[African Nova Scotian English]], [[South African English#Black South African English|Black South African English]], [[Jamaican English]], etc. or African English varieties generally, whereas "African-American English" specifically only refers to dialects of black ''Americans''. (Also, I don't think the noun label "African American" getting dated is the same as the adjective becoming so.) [[User:Wolfdog|Wolfdog]] ([[User talk:Wolfdog|talk]]) 23:17, 12 July 2019 (UTC)
**Actually, I think "African-American" is getting dated as an adjective, not so much as a noun. References from 2007 and 2012 do not refute this point. And "Black English" is not commonly, if ever, used to refer to anything other than Black English in the U.S. It's certainly not used commonly enough to refer to any other English dialect for WP to address it. Consider [[Multicultural London English]], for example. No mention of it being referred to as "black English", ever. --[[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 00:47, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. I'm really not certain which is the more common name, but the current title is best on [[WP:NATURALDISAMBIG]] grounds. [[User:Rreagan007|Rreagan007]] ([[User talk:Rreagan007|talk]]) 00:08, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
**See below for how solid the basis is for Black English being the common name; it's not even close. --[[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 00:47, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
* '''Oppose'''. Just a fad. Also, beware American centric bias. Many non American speak English and are black. It would have to be [[Black American English]]. —[[User:SmokeyJoe|SmokeyJoe]] ([[User talk:SmokeyJoe|talk]]) 10:20, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' per [[WP:NATURALDISAMBIG]]. [[Multicultural London English]] is also (in a certain sense at least) Black English and it's very different to AAE. The same is true in the case of other dialects, such as [[Nigerian English]]. [[User:Kbb2|Kbb2]] <small>(ex. Mr KEBAB)</small> ([[User talk:Kbb2#top|talk]]) 10:55, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. "Black English" is possibly a commoner name (though it's hard to say). It's indisputably a shorter one, though "AAE" (so abbreviated) can be used within the article and is still shorter. The term "African-American English" remains widely used among experts: see the ''Oxford Handbook'', published in 2015. Moving to "Black English" would have no advantage that I can discern, and would likely give rise to misunderstandings (and calls for moving back, or moving elsewhere). -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 23:44, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
*'''Oppose & propose disambig. for ''Black English''''' The term "Black English" can mean many different things to different people in different places and motivation and evidence given here doesn't reflect a world-wide view on Wiki regarding naming. As show in the "about" template at the top of the article in question, the term can easily be confused with the ethnic designation of black people (but originally any non-whites) from England, the term "Black British" being more common. Secondly mentions the variety of British English known as [[Multicultural London English]], which is also often incorrectly referred to in the UK as talking "black", inferring a form of ''Black English''. Thirdly is a list of Creole languages, most of the English-based ones being spoken by non-whites. As shown by these, there are various things the term could mean. Wiktionary's entry on "black" gives 35 definitions in English. These are (some combined):
::to blacken, to apply shoe polish or lampblack, to boycott, being dark/swart.
::lacking light, black dye or pigment, writing utensil containing black, black cloth hung up in funerals, A person of dark pigmentation of the skin such as African, Aborigine, or Maori descent, designation for the use of a person of the aforementioned (like black bus or black drinking fountain), a ball in cuesports, the edge of home plate in baseball, a type of firecracker, Blackcurrant syrup mixer (Guinness and black, etc), person playing with black pieces in board and card games, or the pieces themselves, something distinguished from the rest of something (black sheep, etc.), a stain or spot, a dark smut fungus, ..
::absorbing all light, bad, evil, ill-omened, expressing menace/discontent, threatening, sullen, illegitimate, illegal, disgraced, overcrowded, obscure, foul, dirty, beverage lacking any cream, milk or creamer, a symbol or character that is solid, filled with colour (typography), related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, relating to an initiative whose existence or exact nature must remain withheld from the general public, a Protestant (often with the implication of being militantly pro-British or anti-Catholic) or British Unionist, designation a species that has one or more features which are black, having dark hair/armour/clothes
:Many of these can apply to a variety of English, such as a slang term, a pejorative (racial and non-racial) or actual identification. Regarding common usage, [[Multicultural London English]] and [[Hiberno English]] are only referred to such by academics and amateur linguists, and being a speaker of both I've never heard any speaker of either of them refer to them as such, and while this primary evidence doesn't hold very well on Wiki, it makes a rather valid point that relying on what everyday people refer to themselves or their vernacular doesn't hold very well. If common usage held and this goes through, then I will propose moving [[Multicultural London English]], aka ''British Black English'', to Black English as such would be valid. In the mean time, I propose the move-to article be changed from a redirect to a disambiguation page reflecting these differences. [[User:Uamaol|UaMaol]] ([[User talk:Uamaol|talk]]) 22:43, 14 July 2019 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. There are black people who aren't African-American you know! The term is also used in the UK, for a start, where it's not referring to African-Americans. -- [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] ([[User talk:Necrothesp|talk]]) 15:01, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

===Discussion===
Here is some data supporting "Black English" as the COMMONNAME:
* [https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=African%20American%20English,Black%20English Google search trends] show Black English dominates, and has been increasing since 2004.
* [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Black+English%2CAfrican+American+English&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CBlack%20English%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CAfrican%20American%20English%3B%2Cc0 Google book ngrams] are even more definitive: "African-American English" is virtually unused, with or without the dash. --[[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 00:47, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
:Even if we were to assume that all or most instances of "Black English" are referentially identical to "African American English" (which is, indeed, an assumption we might want to challenge), neither of these address the disambiguating benefits of "African American English". — [[User:Aeusoes1|Ƶ§œš¹]] <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[[User talk:aeusoes1|<small><sub>[lɛts b̥iː pʰəˈlaɪˀt]</sub></small>]]</span> 05:20, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
::Disambiguate what from what? "Black English" is not commonly, if ever, used to refer to anything other than US Black English. It's certainly not used commonly enough to refer to any other English dialect for WP to address it. Consider [[Multicultural London English]], for example. No mention of it being referred to as "black English" in that article. Even if there are some rare obscure uses of “Black English” to refer to something else, this use is clearly the primary topic and no disambiguation, natural or otherwise, is called for. --[[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 05:35, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
:::{{re|Born2cycle}} Laymen benefit from the current title - it's immediately obvious that the article is about a subvariety of American English, rather than any other variety of English associated (stereotypically or otherwise) with black people. Perhaps [[MOS:JARGON]] or something similar applies here? [[User:Kbb2|Kbb2]] <small>(ex. Mr KEBAB)</small> ([[User talk:Kbb2#top|talk]]) 12:34, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
:::The article on MLE states: ''It is spoken authentically by the low classes, mainly young people in London'', ''Speakers of MLE come from a wide variety of ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and live in diverse inner-city neighbourhoods... [and] it can be regarded as a multiethnolect.'' and ''In the press, MLE is sometimes referred to as "Jafaican", conveying the idea of "fake Jamaican", because of popular belief that it stems from immigrants of Jamaican and Caribbean descent. However, research suggests that the roots of MLE are much more complex." Two Economic and Social Research Council funded research projects found that MLE has most likely developed as a result of language contact and group second language acquisition.'' As shown here, these lack of "Black British" shows that the variety doesn't reflect common misconception, which whilst true in some sense considering the lexical influence from Carribean varieties, is incorrect regarding speakers.[[User:Uamaol|UaMaol]] ([[User talk:Uamaol|talk]]) 23:22, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

[[John McWhorter]] is an eminent linguist who specializes in this area and his choice of terms should be taken seriously. But ''The New Yorker'' is, I think, overwhelmingly read by you-ess-americans, and this is one reason why "American" can be elided from the title "[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/15/the-case-for-black-english The Case for Black English]". I mean, for any nation -- which for convenience we'll call Freedonia, articles, even serious articles in carefully copyedited magazines, about this or that phenomenon, problem etc that's specific to Freedonia routinely skip the attribute "Freedonian". What's currently a top story at newyorker.com is an example: "[https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a-father-a-daughter-and-the-attempt-to-change-the-census A Father, a Daughter, and the Attempt to Change the Census]": there's no need to point out that it's the US census, as the article is primarily for US readers, and those elsewhere will infer that it's about the US from the fact that the ''New Yorker'', unlike Wikipedia, is written from a US PoV. &para; Lisa Green's ''African American English: A Linguistic Introduction'' is, I think, excellent. Green too is a linguist who specializes in this area (and who is Black). Green [https://www.umass.edu/linguistics/member/lisa-green currently refers to her subject as ''Black American English'']. &para; Perhaps the single most comprehensive book on our subject, and one that's in a well respected series, is ''[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-african-american-language-9780199795390 The Oxford Handbook of the African American Language]''. Its scope extends beyond AAE, but AA(V)E is its major subject. Its contents page shows the repeated appearance of AAE (and to a lesser extent AAVE) in article titles. "Black English" doesn't occur even once. And this book was published as recently as 2015. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 09:38, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
: Clearly ''some'' sources choose to avoid the term “Black English”. But should we? Are there any reliable sources that use “Black English” to refer to anything other that this topic? —[[User:Born2cycle|В²C]] [[User_talk:Born2cycle#top|☎]] 13:54, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
::Here are a couple:
::*(1992) Sutcliffe & Figueroa "[https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED385146 System in Black Language]"
::*(2007) Sebba "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/language-in-the-british-isles/caribbean-creoles-and-black-english/AB245AB017B4BC2AAD7797EC537AFD49 Caribbean creoles and Black English]"
::— [[User:Aeusoes1|Ƶ§œš¹]] <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[[User talk:aeusoes1|<small><sub>[lɛts b̥iː pʰəˈlaɪˀt]</sub></small>]]</span> 17:17, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
:::And here are some more:
:::*(1996) Gough "Black English in South Africa" (see Google Scholar)
:::*(1997) Edwards "[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-25582-5_32 Patois and the Politics of Protest: Black English in British Classrooms]"
:::*(1998) Concise Oxford Companion's "[https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/british-black-english Black British English]"
:::*(2003) van Rooy "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/english-today/article/corpus-linguistic-work-on-black-south-african-english/FEC0E84BB601750DBD5D81B7F189D06B Corpus linguistic work on Black South African English: An overview of the corpus revolution and new directions in Black English syntax]"
:::— [[User:Wolfdog|Wolfdog]] ([[User talk:Wolfdog|talk]]) 20:52, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

----
:''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requested move]]. <b style="color:red">Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this [[Help:Using talk pages|talk page]] or in a [[Wikipedia:Move review|move review]]. No further edits should be made to this section.''<!-- Template:RM bottom --></div>

== Reverting unsourced material ==
{{ping|Hoary}} As far as your [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African-American_English&diff=946785901&oldid=946760689 edit summary]:


==Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment==
{{cquote|First, Erpert, you tag it as needing references. Then you wait. Months later, if it's still not referenced, you may remove it.}}
[[File:Sciences humaines.svg|40px]] This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available [[Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/University_of_Arizona/Anth_383_-_Varieties_of_English_(Spring_2018)|on the course page]]. Student editor(s): [[User:ANTH-Conde|ANTH-Conde]].


{{small|Above undated message substituted from [[Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment]] by [[User:PrimeBOT|PrimeBOT]] ([[User talk:PrimeBOT|talk]]) 13:33, 16 January 2022 (UTC)}}
...And that guideline can be found ''where''? I sure didn't see it anywhere in [[WP:WHYCITE]] (or anywhere else within [[WP:CITE]]). In addition, [[WP:BURDEN]] states: ''"The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution."'' You contradicted that by reverting the unsourced material without adding a citation. '''<span style="color:red;">Erpert</span>''' <small><sup><span style="color:green;">[[User talk:Erpert|blah, blah, blah...]]</span></sup></small> 04:04, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
==Wiki Education assignment: Contemporary Black Popular Culture==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/UMBC/Contemporary_Black_Popular_Culture_(Fall) | assignments = [[User:Jkintu|Jkintu]] | reviewers = [[User:Lbhatt6763|Lbhatt6763]], [[User:ChimdiOsuji|ChimdiOsuji]], [[User:Adasanya|Adasanya]] | start_date = 2022-09-01 | end_date = 2022-12-13 }}


:{{U|Erpert}}, [[WP:POINT]]. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 04:27, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:Adasanya|Adasanya]] ([[User talk:Adasanya|talk]]) 10:22, 8 December 2022 (UTC)</span>
::Disagreeing with another user does not automatically equal disruption; in fact, ''you'' started the ball rolling with the revert. Anyway, unless you can provide a source soon (or prove that my above point was inaccurate), I'm going to remove the section again and then take the matter to [[WP:3O]]. '''<span style="color:red;">Erpert</span>''' <small><sup><span style="color:green;">[[User talk:Erpert|blah, blah, blah...]]</span></sup></small> 04:33, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Hoary is right that a common good-faith course of action when no there's indication of bad-faith editing or gross inaccuracy is to tag uncited claims to challenge them. Editors should then be given a reasonable amount of time to back up claims that have been tagged. Months seems excessive, but tags often go unaddressed for years. He's also right that going against this and deleting long-standing text with no warning can be disruptive. Perhaps not disruptive simply to make a point (unless there's a greater context I'm not familiar with), but disruptive nonetheless.
:::I'm at a loss as to how someone can say Hoary was {{tq|reverting the unsourced material without adding a citation}}. He added the requested citations within an hour of his blanket revert. Are you trying to pull something on us? I mean, we can all see the diffs, so no one would be fooled by a blatant lie like this. — [[User:Aeusoes1|Ƶ§œš¹]] <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[[User talk:aeusoes1|<small><sub>[lɛts b̥iː pʰəˈlaɪˀt]</sub></small>]]</span> 19:41, 23 March 2020 (UTC)


==Wiki Education assignment: The Editing Process==
== African American Standard English ==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Saint_Xavier_University/The_Editing_Process_(Fall_2022) | assignments = [[User:Nicole0018|Nicole0018]] | start_date = 2022-08-22 | end_date = 2022-12-09 }}


<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:Nicole0018|Nicole0018]] ([[User talk:Nicole0018|talk]]) 15:23, 5 December 2022 (UTC)</span>
Really? African American Standard English?


== Move discussion in progress ==
"African-American Standard English is the prestigious end of the middle-class African-American language continuum, used for more formal, careful, or public settings than AAVE."


There is a move discussion in progress on [[Talk:African-American culture#Requested move 19 September 2023|Talk:African-American culture]] which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. <!-- Talk:African-American culture#Requested move 19 September 2023 crosspost --> —[[User:RMCD bot|RMCD bot]] 18:31, 19 September 2023 (UTC)
That quote is quite possibly one of the stupidest things I've ever heard. American English in and of itself does not really have a prestigious or formal linguistic variation. Not like Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, etc. Given that I'm curious as to what the hell the above info is doing on this page?


== Why is this separate from AAVE? ==
I don't like to just go around deleting things. But the section should be removed. It's borderline racist and has no factual basis. [[User:Sickboy254698|Sickboy254698]] ([[User talk:Sickboy254698|talk]]) 14:34, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
:Given that it's quite clear that you have not checked either the sources cited, sources on the topic at hand, or basic introductory textbooks on sociolinguistics, I would recommend that you do any of those things first to be in a better place to discuss the section and how to improve it. Regards. — [[User:Aeusoes1|Ƶ§œš¹]] <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[[User talk:aeusoes1|<small><sub>[lɛts b̥iː pʰəˈlaɪˀt]</sub></small>]]</span> 21:27, 19 September 2020 (UTC)


The two terms refer to [https://apics-online.info/surveys/14 the same dialect of English], according to linguists (such as [[Lisa Green (linguist)|Dr. Lisa Green]] who wrote the linked page) working on the dialect itself. There is no need to separate them. ([[Ebonics]] is also the same, but the term has a distinctive history, which is why I neglect to mention that one but it, arguably, should be combined, too.)
== Blaccent ==


Further sources:
This article is the redirect for the term "blaccent" but it doesn't ever explain or mention the term itself. This seems rather confusing, especially because the mentions of "blaccent" that I've seen on other pages seem to be alluding to a controversial and presumably racist form of either imitation or mockery, whereas this article clearly describes a perfectly acceptable range of dialects in American English. Is the redirect leading to this page a mistake or just a placeholder? Is there no dedicated article that explains what a "blaccent" is and why it's seemingly only mentioned in controversies and criticisms of public figures? [[Special:Contributions/108.174.175.69|108.174.175.69]] ([[User talk:108.174.175.69|talk]]) 04:05, 30 October 2021 (UTC)
* [https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/what-ebonics-african-american-english Linguistic Society of America]
* [https://oraal.uoregon.edu/AAL/What-is-AAL Univ. of Oregon's African American Language resource page]
* [https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28056?login=false ''The Oxford Handbook of African American Language'']
[[User:Edenaviv5|Edenaviv5]] ([[User talk:Edenaviv5|talk]]) 01:49, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

Latest revision as of 17:58, 6 October 2024

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

[edit]

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): ANTH-Conde.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:33, 16 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

[edit]

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2022 and 13 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jkintu (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Lbhatt6763, ChimdiOsuji, Adasanya.

— Assignment last updated by Adasanya (talk) 10:22, 8 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Wiki Education assignment: The Editing Process

[edit]

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 August 2022 and 9 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Nicole0018 (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by Nicole0018 (talk) 15:23, 5 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Move discussion in progress

[edit]

There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:African-American culture which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:31, 19 September 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Why is this separate from AAVE?

[edit]

The two terms refer to the same dialect of English, according to linguists (such as Dr. Lisa Green who wrote the linked page) working on the dialect itself. There is no need to separate them. (Ebonics is also the same, but the term has a distinctive history, which is why I neglect to mention that one but it, arguably, should be combined, too.)

Further sources:

Edenaviv5 (talk) 01:49, 29 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:African-American_English&oldid=1249758684"