Oxygen-16: Difference between revisions

Oxygen-16, ¹⁶O
General
Symbol	16O
Names	oxygen-16, 16O, O-16
Protons (Z)	8
Neutrons (N)	8
Nuclide data
Natural abundance	99.76%
Half-life (t1/2)	stable
Isotope mass	15.99491461956 Da
Spin	0
Excess energy	−4737.00135(16) keV
	Isotopes of oxygen ; Complete table of nuclides

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Latest revision as of 22:57, 4 October 2024

Oxygen-16 (symbol: ¹⁶O or ¹⁶
₈O
) is a nuclide. It is a stable isotope of oxygen, with 8 neutrons and 8 protons in its nucleus, and when not ionized, 8 electrons orbiting the nucleus. Oxygen-16 has a mass of 15.99491461956 u. It is the most abundant isotope of oxygen and accounts for 99.757% of oxygen's natural abundance.^[2]

The relative and absolute abundances of oxygen-16 are high because it is a principal product of stellar evolution and because it is a primordial isotope, meaning it can be made by stars that were initially made exclusively of hydrogen.

Most oxygen-16 is synthesized at the end of the helium fusion process in stars; the triple-alpha process creates carbon-12, which captures an additional helium-4 to make oxygen-16. The neon-burning process also makes it.

Oxygen-16 is doubly magic.

Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen-16 studies are usually stored in silver cups and measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry.^[3] Researchers need to avoid improper or prolonged storage of the samples for accurate measurements.^[3]

Originally, one atomic mass unit was defined as one sixteenth of the mass of oxygen-16, but the atomic mass unit has since been redefined as one twelfth of the mass of carbon-12.

References

^ Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030003–8. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003.
^ "Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abundances" (PDF). North Carolina State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 25, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Tsang, Man-Yin; Yao, Weiqi; Tse, Kevin (2020). Kim, Il-Nam (ed.). "Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples". Experimental Results. 1: e12. doi:10.1017/exp.2020.15. ISSN 2516-712X.

This isotope-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[AME2016_II-1] Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030003–8. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003.

[2] "Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abundances" (PDF). North Carolina State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 25, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2024.

[:0-3] Tsang, Man-Yin; Yao, Weiqi; Tse, Kevin (2020). Kim, Il-Nam (ed.). "Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples". Experimental Results. 1: e12. doi:10.1017/exp.2020.15. ISSN 2516-712X.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Isotope of oxygen}}
 {{refimprove|date=February 2020}}
 {{Infobox isotope|
 | alternate_names =
 | symbol = O
 | mass_number = 16
@@ Line 22: / Line 23: @@
 | parent2_decay =
 | spin = 0
-| excess_energy = −4737.00135(16){{AME2016 II|ref|pages=030003-8}}
+| excess_energy = {{val|−4737.00135|(16)}}{{AME2016 II|ref|pages=030003-8}}
+}}
-| error1 =
+'''Oxygen-16''' (symbol: <sup>16</sup>O or {{ComplexNuclide|O|16}}) is a [[nuclide]]. It is a [[stable isotope|stable]] [[isotopes of oxygen|isotope of oxygen]], with 8 [[neutron]]s and 8 [[proton]]s in its [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]], and when not ionized, 8 electrons orbiting the nucleus. Oxygen-16 has a mass of {{val|15.99491461956|u=u}}. It is the most abundant isotope of oxygen and accounts for 99.757% of oxygen's [[natural abundance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/pams/chem/msf/pdf/IsotopicMass_NaturalAbundance.pdf |title=Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abundances |website=[[North Carolina State University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825192003/http://www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/pams/chem/msf/pdf/IsotopicMass_NaturalAbundance.pdf |archive-date=August 25, 2016 |access-date=October 4, 2024}}</ref>
-| binding_energy_per_nucleon = 7976.206{{AME2016 II|ref|pages=030003-8}}
-| error2 =}}
-'''Oxygen-16''' (<sup>16</sup>O) is a [[stable isotope|stable]] [[isotopes of oxygen|isotope of oxygen]], having 8 [[neutron]]s and 8 [[proton]]s in its [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]]. It has a mass of {{val|15.99491461956|u=u}}. Oxygen-16 is the most abundant isotope of oxygen and accounts for 99.762% of oxygen's [[natural abundance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/pams/chem/msf/pdf/IsotopicMass_NaturalAbundance.pdf |title=Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abundances |date=1999 |format=PDF}}</ref> The relative and absolute abundance of <sup>16</sup>O are high because it is a principal product of [[stellar evolution]] and because it is a [[primordial isotope]], meaning it can be made by stars that were [[Population III stars|initially made exclusively of hydrogen]]. Most <sup>16</sup>O is synthesized at the end of the [[helium fusion]] process in stars; the [[triple-alpha process]] creates <sup>12</sup>C, which captures an additional <sup>4</sup>He to make <sup>16</sup>O. The [[neon-burning process]] creates additional <sup>16</sup>O.
+The relative and absolute abundances of oxygen-16 are high because it is a principal product of [[stellar evolution]] and because it is a [[primordial isotope]], meaning it can be made by stars that were [[Population III stars|initially made exclusively of hydrogen]].
-Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for <sup>16</sup>O studies are usually stored in silver cups and measured with [[pyrolysis]] and [[mass spectrometry]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Tsang|first=Man-Yin|last2=Yao|first2=Weiqi|last3=Tse|first3=Kevin|date=2020|editor-last=Kim|editor-first=Il-Nam|title=Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2516712X20000155/type/journal_article|journal=Experimental Results|language=en|volume=1|pages=e12|doi=10.1017/exp.2020.15|issn=2516-712X}}</ref>. Researchers need to avoid improper or prolonged storage of the samples for accurate measurements<ref name=":0" />.
+Most oxygen-16 is synthesized at the end of the [[helium fusion]] process in stars; the [[triple-alpha process]] creates carbon-12, which captures an additional helium-4 to make oxygen-16. The [[neon-burning process]] also makes it.
+Oxygen-16 is [[Magic number (physics)|doubly magic]].
+Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen-16 studies are usually stored in silver cups and measured with [[pyrolysis]] and [[mass spectrometry]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Tsang|first=Man-Yin|last2=Yao|first2=Weiqi|last3=Tse|first3=Kevin|date=2020|editor-last=Kim|editor-first=Il-Nam|title=Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2516712X20000155/type/journal_article|journal=Experimental Results|language=en|volume=1|pages=e12|doi=10.1017/exp.2020.15|issn=2516-712X|doi-access=free}}</ref> Researchers need to avoid improper or prolonged storage of the samples for accurate measurements.<ref name=":0" />
+Originally, one [[atomic mass unit]] was defined as one sixteenth of the mass of oxygen-16, but the atomic mass unit has since been redefined as one twelfth of the mass of [[carbon-12]].
 == References ==