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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = ''Homalomena''
|image = Homalomena rubescens (Philippines) 01.jpg
|image_caption = ''Homalomena rubescens''
|image =Starr_070906-8753_Homalomena_sp..jpg
|display_parents = 2
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|taxon = Homalomena
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|authority = [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]]<ref name=POWO>{{cite POWO |title=''Homalomena'' Schott |id=30057762-2 |access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|diversity = c. 160 species
|ordo = [[Alismatales]]
|diversity_link = List of Homalomena species
|familia = [[Araceae]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
|subfamilia = [[Aroideae]]
|synonyms =
|tribus = [[Homalomeneae]]
* ''Chamaecladon'' <small>Miq.</small>
|genus = '''''Homalomena'''''
* ''Curmeria'' <small>Linden & André</small>
|genus_authority=
* ''Cyrtocladon'' <small>Griff.</small>
|synonyms_ref=<ref name=q/>
|synonyms=*''Homalonema'' <small>Endl.</small>
* ''Diandriella'' <small>Engl.</small>
*''Spirospatha'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Spirospatha'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Cyrtocladon'' <small>Griff.</small>
*''Chamaecladon'' <small>Miq.</small>
*''Adelonema'' <small>Schott</small>
*''Curmeria'' <small>Linden & André</small>
*''Diandriella'' <small>Engl.</small>
}}
}}
'''''Homalomena''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants within the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Araceae]]. ''Homalomena'' are primarily found in southern [[Asia]] and the southwestern [[Pacific]], but there are a few species that are known to be [[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] to [[Latin America]].<ref name=q>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=99893 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref>Boyce, P.C. & Wong, S.Y. (2009). Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo IV: Homalomena specimens in the herbarium Beccarianum-Malesia (FI-B) of the Museo di Storia Naturale - Sezione Botanica "F.Parlatore" dell'Università di Firenze. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 64: 169-173.</ref> Many ''Homalomena'' have a strong smell of [[anise]]. The name derives apparently from a mistranslated Malayan vernacular name, translated as ''homalos'', meaning flat, and ''mene'' = moon.


'''''Homalomena''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Araceae]]. ''Homalomena'' are native to tropical Asia and China.<ref name=POWO/><ref>Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref>Boyce, P.C. & Wong, S.Y. (2009). Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo IV: ''Homalomena'' specimens in the herbarium Beccarianum-Malesia (FI-B) of the Museo di Storia Naturale - Sezione Botanica "F.Parlatore" dell'Università di Firenze. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 64: 169-173.</ref> Many ''Homalomena'' have a strong smell of [[anise]]. The name derives apparently from a mistranslated Malayan vernacular name, translated as {{transl|ms|homalos}}, meaning flat, and ''mene'' = moon.
The plants of this genus are clump-forming evergreen perennials with mainly heart-shaped or arrowheaded shaped [[leaves]]. The [[flowers]] are tiny and without [[petals]], enclosed in a usually greenish [[spathe]] hidden by the [[leaves]].<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115676 Flora of China Vol. 23 Page 17, <big>千年健属</big> qian nian jian shu, ''Homalomena'' Schott in Schott & Endlicher, Melet. Bot. 20. 1832. ]</ref>


The plants of this genus are clump-forming evergreen perennials with mainly heart-shaped or arrowheaded shaped leaves. The flowers are tiny and without petals, enclosed in a usually greenish [[spathe]] hidden by the leaves.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115676 |title=Flora of China Vol. 23 Page 17, <big>千年健属</big> qian nian jian shu, ''Homalomena'' Schott in Schott & Endlicher, Melet. Bot. 20. 1832. |access-date=2014-08-16 |archive-date=2013-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015060010/http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115676 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Tamils knew of this plant for more than 3000 years. It is called merugu ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: <big>மெருகு</big> ) and it is used for several purposes including curing stomach disorders, piles, flem etc. Several oils like kumaraguru enney; merugulli enney, merugu pachai enneyetc. are prepared to cure various type of diseases.<ref>Bown, Deni (2000). ''Aroids: Plants of the Arum Family'' [ILLUSTRATED]. Timber Press. {{ISBN|0-88192-485-7}}</ref>


Some authors have proposed splitting the genus and moving all the [[neotropics|neotropical]] species of ''Homalomena'' to ''[[Adelonema]].''<ref>[http://www.aroid.org/genera/generapage.php?genus=homalomena Aroid genera]</ref><ref>[http://www.aroid.org/genera/130307uberlist.pdf The Überlist of Araceae, 2013]</ref> At the present time (August 2014), Tropicos, The Plant List, and the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families have opted not to accept this change.<ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40032219 Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden]</ref><ref name=q/><ref>[http://araceum.abrimaal.pro-e.pl/pages/sys.htm The Systematics of ''Araceae'']</ref>
Some authors have proposed splitting the genus and moving all the [[neotropics|neotropical]] species of ''Homalomena'' to ''[[Adelonema]].''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aroid.org/genera/generapage.php?genus=homalomena |title=Aroid genera |access-date=2010-03-01 |archive-date=2010-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217022911/http://www.aroid.org/genera/generapage.php?genus=homalomena |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aroid.org/genera/130307uberlist.pdf |title=The Überlist of Araceae, 2013 |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705172714/http://www.aroid.org/genera/130307uberlist.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40032219 |title=Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=2014-08-16 |archive-date=2014-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819094015/http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40032219 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://araceum.abrimaal.pro-e.pl/pages/sys.htm |title=The Systematics of Araceae |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119023820/http://araceum.abrimaal.pro-e.pl/pages/sys.htm |archive-date=2012-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Homalomena occulta - Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - DSC01251.JPG|thumb|''[[Homalomena occulta]]'']]


==Selected species==
;Species<ref name=q/>
{{Main|List of Homalomena species}}
#''[[Homalomena adiensis]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - western New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena aeneifolia]]'' <small>Alderw.</small> - Sulawesi
* ''[[Homalomena expedita]]'' <small>A.Hay & Hersc.</small> – [[Borneo]] ([[Sarawak]])
#''[[Homalomena agens]]'' <small>Kurniawan & P.C.Boyce</small> - Kalimantan Timur
* ''[[Homalomena philippinensis]]'' <small>Engl.</small> – Philippines, Taiwan ([[Lanyu Island]])

#''[[Homalomena ardua]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong</small> - Sarawak
==See also==
#''[[Homalomena argentea]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo
*''[[Schismatoglottis]]''
#''[[Homalomena aromatica]]'' <small>(Spreng.) Schott</small> - Yunnan, Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina
#''[[Homalomena asmae]]'' <small>Baharuddin & P.C.Boyce</small> - Perak
#''[[Homalomena asperifolia]]'' <small>Alderw.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena atroviridis]]'' <small>Engl. & K.Krause</small> - Papua New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena atrox]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena batoeensis]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena bellula]]'' <small>Schott</small> - Java
#''[[Homalomena burkilliana]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena clandestina]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena cochinchinensis]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangdong
#''[[Homalomena confusa]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena consobrina]]'' <small>(Schott) Engl.</small> - Thailand, Borneo, Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena cordata]]'' <small>Schott</small> - Java, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
#''[[Homalomena corneri]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Jahore
#''[[Homalomena crinipes]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador
#''[[Homalomena cristata]]'' <small>Alderw.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena curtisii]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Perak
#''[[Homalomena curvata]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Melaka
#''[[Homalomena davidiana]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena debilicrista]]'' <small>Y.C.Hoe</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena distans]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena doctersii]]'' <small>Alderw.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena elegans]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena elegantula]]'' <small>A.Hay & Hersc.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena erythropus]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Schott) Engl.</small> - Costa Rica, northwestern Brazil
#''[[Homalomena expedita]]'' <small>A.Hay & Hersc.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena gadutensis]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena gaudichaudii]]'' <small>Schott</small> - New Guinea, Maluku, Philippines
#''[[Homalomena giamensis]]'' <small>L.S.Tung, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena gillii]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Sabah
#''[[Homalomena griffithii]]'' <small>(Schott) Hook.f.</small> - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo,Malaysia, Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena hainanensis]]'' <small>H.Li</small> - Hainan
#''[[Homalomena hammelii]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> - Costa Rica
#''[[Homalomena hanneae]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena hastata]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena havilandii]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Sabah, Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena hendersonii]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Kelantan
#''[[Homalomena hooglandii]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena humilis]]'' <small>(Jack) Hook.f.</small> - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena impudica]]'' <small>Hersc. & A.Hay</small> - Papua New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena insignis]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena jacobsiana]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - Papua New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena josefii]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena kalkmanii]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena kelungensis]]'' <small>Hayata</small> - Taiwan
#''[[Homalomena kiahii]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Kelantan
#''[[Homalomena korthalsii]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena kualakohensis]]'' <small>Zulhazman, P.C.Boyce & Mashhor</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena kvistii]]'' <small>Croat</small> - Valle del Cauca in Colombia
#''[[Homalomena lancea]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena lancifolia]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand
#''[[Homalomena latifrons]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Borneo, Java, Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena lauterbachii]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena lindenii]]'' <small>(Rodigas) Ridl.</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena longipes]]'' <small>Merr</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena magna]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - Papua New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena major]]'' <small>Griff.</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena matangae]]'' <small>Y.C.Hoe, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena megalophylla]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena melanesica]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands
#''[[Homalomena metallica]]'' <small>(N.E.Br.) Engl.</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena minor]]'' <small>Griff.</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena minutissima]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Brunei
#''[[Homalomena moffleriana]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> - Chocó region of Colombia
#''[[Homalomena monandra]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena montana]]'' <small>Furtado</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena nigrescens]]'' <small>(Schott) Engl.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena nutans]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Kelantan, Nicobar Islands
#''[[Homalomena obovata]]'' <small>Ridl. -</small> Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena obscurifolia]]'' <small>Alderw.</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena occulta]]'' <small>(Lour.) Schott</small> - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan
#''[[Homalomena ovalifolia]]'' <small>(Schott) Ridl.</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena ovata]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena padangensis]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena palawanensis]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Palawan
#''[[Homalomena peekelii]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena peltata]]'' <small>Mast.</small> - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia
#''[[Homalomena pendula]]'' <small>(Blume) Bakh.f.</small> - Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Islands
#''[[Homalomena philippinensis]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Philippines, Lan Yü Islands of Taiwan
#''[[Homalomena picturata]]'' <small>(Linden & André) Regel</small> - Costa Rica, Panama, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, the Guianas
#''[[Homalomena pineodora]]'' <small>Sulaiman & P.C.Boyce</small> - Perak
#''[[Homalomena pontederifolia]]'' <small>Griff. ex Hook.f.</small> - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena producta]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena pseudogeniculata]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong</small> - Brunei, Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena pulleana]]'' <small>Engl. & K.Krause</small> - western New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena punctulata]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Brunei, Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena pyrospatha]]'' <small>Bogner</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena robusta]]'' <small>Engl. & K.Krause</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena rubescens]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Kunth.</small> - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar
#''[[Homalomena rusdii]]'' <small>M.Hotta</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena sarawakensis]]'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena saxorum]]'' <small>(Schott) Engl.</small> - Sumatra, Borneo
#''[[Homalomena schlechteri]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena scortechinii]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena sengkenyang]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena silvatica]]'' <small>Alderw.</small> - Sumatra
#''[[Homalomena singaporensis]]'' <small>Regel</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena soniae]]'' <small>A.Hay -</small> New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena speariae]]'' <small>Bogner & Moffler</small> - Colombia
#''[[Homalomena steenisiana]]'' <small>A.Hay</small> - Papua New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena stollei]]'' <small>Engl. & K.Krause</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena striatieopetiolata]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena subcordata]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena symplocarpifolia]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena tenuispadix]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - New Guinea
#''[[Homalomena terajaensis]]'' <small>S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce</small> - Brunei
#''[[Homalomena treubii]]'' <small>Engl.</small> - Borneo
#''[[Homalomena truncata]]'' <small>(Schott) Hook.f.</small> - Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena vagans]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce</small> - Brunei, Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena vietnamensis]]'' <small>Bogner & V.D.Nguyen</small> - Vietnam
#''[[Homalomena vittifolia]]'' <small>Kurniawan & P.C.Boyce</small> - Sulawesi
#''[[Homalomena vivens]]'' <small>P.C.Boyce, S.Y.Wong & Fasih.</small> - Sarawak
#''[[Homalomena wallichii]]'' <small>Schott</small> - Pulau Pinang in Malaysia
#''[[Homalomena wallisii]]'' <small>Regel</small> - Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
#''[[Homalomena wendlandii]]'' <small>Schott</small> - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
#''[[Homalomena wongii]]'' <small>S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce</small> - Brunei
#''[[Homalomena zollingeri]]'' <small>Schott</small> - Java


==References==
==References==
Line 157: Line 36:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.asiaticanursery.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.viewCategory/catID/66/index.htm Asiatica plant catalogue]
*[http://www.asiaticanursery.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.viewCategory/catID/66/index.htm Asiatica plant catalogue] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326234308/http://www.asiaticanursery.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.viewCategory/catID/66/index.htm |date=2010-03-26 }}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2233221}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2233221}}


[[Category:Aroideae]]
[[Category:Araceae genera]]
[[Category:Araceae genera]]
[[Category:Homalomena| ]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1832]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott]]

Latest revision as of 03:46, 8 September 2024

Homalomena
Homalomena rubescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Subfamily: Aroideae
Tribe: Homalomeneae
Genus: Homalomena
Schott[1]
Diversity
c. 160 species
Synonyms[1]
  • Chamaecladon Miq.
  • Curmeria Linden & André
  • Cyrtocladon Griff.
  • Diandriella Engl.
  • Spirospatha Raf.

Homalomena is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. Homalomena are native to tropical Asia and China.[1][2][3] Many Homalomena have a strong smell of anise. The name derives apparently from a mistranslated Malayan vernacular name, translated as homalos, meaning flat, and mene = moon.

The plants of this genus are clump-forming evergreen perennials with mainly heart-shaped or arrowheaded shaped leaves. The flowers are tiny and without petals, enclosed in a usually greenish spathe hidden by the leaves.[4]

Some authors have proposed splitting the genus and moving all the neotropical species of Homalomena to Adelonema.[5][6][7][8]

Homalomena occulta

Selected species

[edit]
Main article: List of Homalomena species

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Homalomena Schott". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  2. ^ Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ^ Boyce, P.C. & Wong, S.Y. (2009). Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo IV: Homalomena specimens in the herbarium Beccarianum-Malesia (FI-B) of the Museo di Storia Naturale - Sezione Botanica "F.Parlatore" dell'Università di Firenze. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 64: 169-173.
  4. ^ "Flora of China Vol. 23 Page 17, 千年健属 qian nian jian shu, Homalomena Schott in Schott & Endlicher, Melet. Bot. 20. 1832". Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  5. ^ "Aroid genera". Archived from the original on 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  6. ^ "The Überlist of Araceae, 2013" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-07-05. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
  7. ^ "Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden". Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  8. ^ "The Systematics of Araceae". Archived from the original on 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
[edit]
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